BRPI0518171B1 - Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico - Google Patents
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- A61B2017/00424—Surgical instruments, devices or methods with special provisions for gripping ergonomic, e.g. fitting in fist
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- A61B2017/320095—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw with sealing or cauterizing means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico. montagem de coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico que é configurada para permitir o corte, a coagulação e a fixação seletivas do tecido durante procedimentos cirúrgicos uma porção alongada do instrumento pode ser configurada para aplicações endoscópícas e apresenta um diâmetro externo de menos de 6 mm. a construção inclui um mecanismo de fixação, incluindo um braço de aperto pívotavelmente montado na porção dístal do instrumento, que é especificamente configurado para criar um nível desejado de forças de sujeição de tecido, excedendo 4 libras (1,81 43 kg), quando o gatilho estiver totalmente fechado o mecanismo de sujeição inclui um desenho de coxim de duas peças e um material do coxim que permite forças de sujeição de tecido mais elevadas e um mecanismo de limitação de força que efetivamente abranda as forças de tecido excessivas. a montagem também caracteriza o acionamento manual configurado para prover uma operação e um agarre ergonômícos para o cirurgião. os interruptores manuais são colocados na faixa da amplitude de oscilação natural do polegar do cirurgião, seja segurando o instrumento cirúrgico com a mão esquerda, seja com a mão direita.
Description
(54) Título: APARELHO COAGULADOR DE PINÇA ULTRA-SÔNICO (51) Int.CI.: A61B 18/18 (30) Prioridade Unionista: 02/05/2005 US 60/676,709, 08/10/2004 US 60/617,427 (73) Titular(es): ETHICON ENDO-SURGERY, INC.
(72) Inventor(es): KAREN M. KOWALSKI; KEVIN L. HOUSER; MARK A. NEUROHR; STEVEN K. NEUENFELDT; SCOTT N. BARTON; CRAIG N. FALLER
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Relatório Descritivo da Patente de Invenção para APARELHO COAGULADOR DE PINÇA ULTRA-SÔNICO. REFERÊNCIA AOS PEDIDOS RELACIONADOS [001] O presente pedido reivindica o benefício de prioridade dos Pedidos de Patente Provisórios norte-americanos de Série No 60/617.427, depositado em 8 de outubro de 2004, e N2 60/676.709, depositado em 2 de maio de 2005, ambos os quais são aqui incorporados para referência.
[002] Este pedido abrange o assunto que se refere e que incorpora para referência em sua totalidade, para qualquer e todos os fins, os seguintes pedidos provisórios:
COMBINAÇÃO DE COXIM PARA TECIDO PARA USO COM UM INSTRUMENTO CIRÚRGICO ULTRA-SÔNICO, de Série No (a ser emitido), depositado em 7 de outubro de 2005;
MECANISMO DE ACIONAMENTO PARA USO COM UM INSTRUMENTO CIRÚRGICO ULTRA-SÔNICO, de Série No (a ser emitido), depositado em 7 de outubro de 2005;
MECANISMO DE APERTO PARA USO COM UM INSTRUMENTO CIRÚRGICO ULTRA-SÔNICO, de Série No (a ser emitido), depositado em 7 de outubro de 2005;
MECANISMO DE FEEDBACK PARA USO COM UM INSTRUMENTO CIRÚRGICO ULTRA-SÔNICO, de Série No (a ser emitido), depositado em 7 de outubro de 2005;
MONTAGEM DE CABO DISPONDO DE ACIONAMENTO MANUAL PARA USO COM UM INSTRUMENTO CIRÚRGICO ULTRASÔNICO, de Série No (a ser emitido), depositado em 7 de outubro de 2005;
TESOURA CIRÚRGICA ULTRA-SÔNICA E COXIM PARA
TECIDO DESTINADO PARA A MESMA, de Série No 11/065.378, depositado em 24 de fevereiro de 2005; e
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INSTRUMENTO ULTRA-SÔNICO MANUALMENTE ACIONADO, de Série No 10/869.351, depositado em 16 de junho de 2004.
CAMPO DA INVENÇÃO [003] A presente invenção refere-se, de modo geral, a instrumentos cirúrgicos ultra-sônicos, e, mais particularmente, a um aparelho coagulador de pinça cirúrgico ultra-sônico particularmente configurado para prover forças aumentadas de transação de tecido. ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO [004] Os instrumentos cirúrgicos ultra-sônicos vêm encontrando aplicações cada vez mais difundidas em procedimentos cirúrgicos em virtude das raras características de desempenho de tais instrumentos. Dependendo das configurações e dos parâmetros operacionais específicos de um instrumento, os instrumentos cirúrgicos ultrasônicos podem prover o corte de tecido e a homeostase pela coagulação substancialmente simultâneos, desejavelmente minimizando o trauma do paciente. A ação de corte é tipicamente efetuada por um formador de extremidade na extremidade distal do instrumento, que transmite energia ultra-sônica para o tecido trazido para o contato com o formador de extremidade. Os instrumentos ultrasônicos desta natureza podem ser configurados para uso cirúrgico aberto, procedimentos cirúrgicos laparoscópicos ou endoscópicos incluindo procedimentos assistidos por robô.
[005] Foram desenvolvidos instrumentos cirúrgicos ultra-sônicos que incluem um mecanismo de aperto para comprimir o tecido contra a lâmina do formador de extremidade a fim de acoplar energia ultrasônica ao tecido de um paciente. Tal disposição (às vezes denominada de tesoura coaguladora de aperto ou dispositivo ultrasônico de corte transversal) é descrita nas Patentes norte-americanas Nos 5.322.055; 5.873.873 e 6.325.811, todas as quais sendo aqui
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3/44 incorporadas para referência. O cirurgião aciona o braço de aperto para pressionar o coxim de pinça contra a lâmina espremendo a pega ou cabo.
[006] Alguns dispositivos ultra-sônicos tipo tesoura atuais tendem, contudo, a criar amontoados de tecido. Os amontoados de tecido são o tecido que permanece grampeado no mordente que não é cortado transversalmente depois de a maior parte do tecido no mordente ter sido cortada transversalmente e desprendida. Os amontoados de tecido podem resultar do carregamento proximal de formador de extremidade insuficiente e/ou da atividade da lâmina proximal inferior. Os cirurgiões podem reduzir os amontoados de tecido ou através da adição de tensão vertical (isto é, impondo tensão sobre o tecido com o uso da lâmina) ou da tração traseira no dispositivo a fim de mover o tecido não-cortado transversalmente para uma porção mais ativa da lâmina para completar o corte.
[007] Alguns dispositivos tipo tesoura ultra-sônica atuais utilizam coxins para tecido que fecham em paralelo com a superfície da lâmina. Isto apresenta certos problemas em termos do perfil de pressão exercido no tecido. À medida que o tecido é comprimido entre o mordente e a lâmina, a porção proximal do braço de aperto é flexionada sob carga mais do que a porção proximal do braço de aperto se move quando da aplicação da carga contra a lâmina. Esta deflexão é em parte criada pela porção da lâmina distal ao nó mais distal do dispositivo. Ela é também parcialmente criada pela deflexão da haste de transmissão proximal ao nó mais distal. Adicionalmente, o fato de a amplitude da lâmina diminuir em se movendo no sentido proximal da ponta da lâmina piora a situação, uma vez que a quantidade de energia transferida para o tecido é reduzida, mesmo que a pressão fosse constante.
[008] Os desenhos de coxim para tecido atuais utilizam o material
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PTFE para pôr em contato o tecido e lâmina. Embora estes desenhos tenham sido adequados, eles tendem a sofrer de questões relacionadas à longevidade, uma vez que os coxins tendem a se deteriorar sobre longos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Adicionalmente, desenhos mais novos de tesoura coaguladora de aperto aumentam a amplitude da lâmina e/ou o carregamento do coxim contra o tecido e a lâmina e comprimindo o material do coxim, resultando em uma vida de coxim para tecido menor do que a exigida. O material do coxim limita a quantidade de força que pode ser aplicada contra o tecido e a lâmina, o que, por sua vez, limita a espessura do tecido ou o tamanho do vaso que algumas tesouras coaguladoras de aperto atuais podem efetivamente cortar e coagular.
[009] Alguns desenhos atuais de tesouras coaguladoras de aperto utilizam um conceito de tubo interno dentro de um tubo externo para abrir e fechar o braço de aperto. Durante procedimentos cirúrgicos, o braço de aperto pode ser submetido a forças de sujeição axiais que excedem 2,5 libras (1,1339 kg) e/ou cargas excessivas torsionais e pode fazer com que o braço de aperto seja desengatado do tubo interno ou completamente da tesoura.
[0010] Alguns desenhos atuais de tesouras coaguladoras de aperto utilizam um mecanismo de mola de força constante que impede a aplicação de força demasiada ao braço de aperto e à lâmina. Embora o mecanismo confira uma força relativamente constante ao sistema, a mola imprime uma certa inclinação à curva de força. Em aplicações onde a força de aperto é baixa, a inclinação não é significativa. Em aplicações com forças de sujeição altas, contudo, a diferença na força atributável à inclinação sobre a possível faixa de compressões de mola se torna muito significativa e pode exceder a força máxima permissível na lâmina, nas montagens de tubo ou em outros componentes do sistema. A alta inclinação poderia permitir que
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5/44 a força máxima fosse excedida sob modos excessivos ou através de variações de tolerância de fabricação normal. Se isto ocorrer, a lâmina poderá ser dobrada, o mecanismo de acionamento poderá falhar, ou efeitos indesejáveis do tecido poderão ocorrer (isto é, o corte rápido, mas uma coagulação mínima do tecido). Esta situação é agravada pelo fato de o mordente (o braço de aperto e o coxim de pinça) do dispositivo poder encontrar resistência suficiente para engatar o mecanismo de limitação de força, quando o mordente quase entrar em contato com a lâmina (quando do corte transversal do tecido fino ou no final da transação ou quando da fixação de objetos sólidos, tais como outros dispositivos), ou quando o mordente estiver ainda aberto (quando do corte transversal do tecido grosso).
[0011] Alguns desenhos atuais de tesouras coaguladoras de aperto utilizam molas de limitação de força para assegurar que as forças de sujeição estejam dentro de uma faixa específica. Também é necessário que o desenho de mola de limitação de força permita a graduação por parte do cirurgião (aplique menos do que a força máxima e lentamente aumente a força máxima). Nestes mecanismos, portanto, os mordentes se fecham até que uma força predeterminada seja atendida e então o curso adicional acione o mecanismo na faixa de limitação de força. Em alguns casos, no entanto, o cirurgião poderá, sem saber, deixar de aplicar toda a força do mordente contra o tecido, resultando em cortes incompletos do tecido ou em uma coagulação insuficiente. Alternativamente, o cirurgião sem saber poderá desprender toda a força do mordente contra o tecido durante uma transação que resulta em cortes incompletos de tecido ou em uma coagulação insuficiente.
[0012] Alguns desenhos atuais de tesouras coaguladoras de aperto utilizam um pedal para energizar o instrumento cirúrgico. O cirurgião opera o pedal enquanto simultaneamente aplica pressão ao
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6/44 cabo para comprimir o tecido entre o mordente e a lâmina para acionar um gerador que supre energia que é transmitida para a lâmina de corte para cortar e coagular o tecido. As desvantagens-chaves deste tipo de acionamento de instrumento incluem a perda do foco sobre o campo cirúrgico, enquanto o cirurgião busca pelo pedal, a adaptação do pedal ao movimento do cirurgião durante um procedimento, e a fadiga da perna do cirurgião durante longos casos.
[0013] Alguns desenhos atuais de tesouras coaguladoras de aperto eliminaram o pedal e proveram o acionamento manual em um gatilho estacionário. Isto pode ser incômodo, especialmente para cirurgiões com mãos grandes.
[0014] Alguns desenhos atuais de coagulador de pinça utilizam cabos que têm o desenho de uma pistola ou o desenho de punhos de tesoura. Os desenhos de punho de tesoura podem ter um agarre para polegar ou dedo que é imóvel e fixo ao alojamento, e um agarre para polegar ou dedo móvel. Estes tipos de agarre podem não ser inteiramente familiares aos cirurgiões que usam outros instrumentos cirúrgicos do tipo aberto, tais como de hemóstase, onde as pegas tanto para o polegar como para o dedo se movem mutuamente em oposição.
[0015] Seria desejável prover um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico que superasse parte das deficiências dos instrumentos atuais. O instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico descrito aqui supera essas deficiências.
BREVE SUMÁRIO DA INVENÇÃO [0016] Uma montagem de coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico que concretiza os princípios da presente invenção é configurada para permitir o corte seletivo, a coagulação e a fixação do tecido durante procedimentos cirúrgicos. Uma porção alongada do instrumento pode ser configurada para aplicações endoscópicas e apresenta um
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7/44 diâmetro externo de menos de 6 mm. A construção inclui um mecanismo de fixação, incluindo um braço de aperto pivotavelmente montado na porção distal do instrumento, que é especificamente configurado para criar um nível desejado de forças de sujeição de tecido, excedendo 1,8143 kg (4 libras), quando o gatilho estiver totalmente fechado, não obstante a seção transversal relativamente pequena da porção alongada.
[0017] O mecanismo de fixação também inclui um desenho de coxim e um material do coxim que permitem forças de sujeição de tecido mais elevadas.
[0018] O dispositivo coagulador de pinça também inclui um mecanismo de limitação de força que efetivamente abranda as forças de tecido excessivas.
[0019] O dispositivo coagulador de pinça também caracteriza o acionamento manual, configurada de tal modo a prover uma operação e um agarre ergonomicamente agradáveis para o cirurgião. Os interruptores manuais devem ser colocados na faixa da amplitude de oscilação natural do polegar do cirurgião, seja segurando o instrumento cirúrgico com a mão direita, seja com a mão esquerda. BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS [0020] As novas características da invenção são explicadas com particularidade nas reivindicações anexas. A invenção em si, contudo, tanto quanto à organização como quanto aos métodos de operação, pode ser melhor entendida por referência à seguinte descrição, tomada em conjunção com os desenhos anexos, nos quais:
a figura 1 é uma vista em perspectiva que ilustra uma concretização de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com a presente invenção;
a figura 2 é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva de uma concretização de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com
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8/44 a presente invenção;
a figura 3a é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva do braço de aperto e de coxins para tecido;
a figura 3b é uma vista em seção em elevação do braço de aperto e da ranhura T;
a figura 3c é uma vista em seção em elevação do braço de aperto e da ranhura na forma de rabo de andorinha;
a figura 3d é uma vista em perspectiva dos coxins para tecido alinhados e cravados dentro do braço de aperto;
a figura 3e é uma vista em elevação do braço de aperto ilustrando o perfil cônico;
a figura 3f é uma vista plana de topo do braço de aperto; a figura 4a é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva da lâmina, do braço de aperto, dos coxins para tecido e do tubo atuador com o braço de aperto na posição fechada;
a figura 4b é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva da lâmina, do braço de aperto, dos coxins para tecido e do tubo atuador com o braço de aperto na posição aberta;
a figura 4c é um esquema de um braço de aperto, de acordo com a presente invenção, que ilustra cálculos de força;
a figura 5 é uma vista em elevação recortada da porção de alojamento de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com uma concretização da presente invenção, que ilustra molas de limitação de força e mecanismo detentor de fechamento de grampo, e uma vista em elevação recortada parcial da haste de transmissão e do formador de extremidade;
a figura 6a é uma vista explodida do alojamento que ilustra a montagem de interruptor e botões de acionamento de polegar e a articulação do atuador de aperto de agarre para dedo;
a figura 6b é uma vista explodida do alojamento com a
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9/44 montagem de interruptor removida para fins de clareza;
a figura 7 é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva da montagem de interruptor e dos contatores anulares elétricos;
a figura 8a é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva da montagem de interruptor e dos contatores anulares elétricos;
a figura 8b é uma vista em perspectiva da extremidade proximal do transdutor ilustrando anéis condutores;
a figura 8c é um esquema elétrico do circuito de botão de pressão;
a figura 9 é uma vista em perspectiva de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico com uma vista recortada do alojamento e conectado a um transdutor;
a figura 10 é uma vista em perspectiva de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico com o gatilho estendido distalmente e o braço de aperto na posição aberta;
a figura 11 é uma vista em perspectiva de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico com o gatilho retraído proximamente e o braço de aperto na posição fechada;
a figura 12 é uma vista em elevação de um manípulo esquerdo de uma concretização de um instrumento cirúrgico ultrasônico, de acordo com a presente invenção;
a figura 13 é uma vista em elevação de um manípulo esquerdo de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com uma concretização da presente invenção, com o dedo indicador acessando a roda de rotação;
a figura 14 é uma vista em elevação de um manípulo esquerdo de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com a presente invenção, com o polegar acessando um primeiro botão de acionamento;
a figura 15 é uma vista em elevação de um manípulo
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10/44 esquerdo de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com a presente invenção, com o polegar acessando um segundo botão de acionamento;
as figuras 16a-c são curvas de força que ilustram várias forças como uma função das condições do tecido e da posição do gatilho;
a figura 17 é uma vista em elevação do instrumento cirúrgico com ilustrações gráficas da colocação do dedo do cirurgião;
a figura 18 é uma vista de montagem em perspectiva de uma segunda concretização de um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico, de acordo com a presente invenção;
a figura 19 é uma vista explodida de um conector de peça manual;
as figuras 20a-b são vistas explodidas de um anel coletor grande e um anel coletor pequeno, respectivamente;
a figura 21 é uma vista explodida do aparelho de circuito flexível;
a figura 22 é um esquema elétrico do circuito flexível da figura 21;
a figura 23 é uma vista em elevação de um instrumento cirúrgico, de acordo com um aspecto da invenção; e a figura 24 é uma vista em perspectiva de um instrumento cirúrgico em um aspecto alternativo da invenção.
DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO [0021] Antes de explicar a presente invenção em detalhes, deve ser notado que a invenção não é limitada em sua aplicação ou uso aos detalhes de construção e disposição das partes ilustradas nos desenhos anexos e na descrição. As concretizações ilustrativas da invenção podem ser implementadas ou incorporadas em outras concretizações, variações e modificações, e podem ser praticadas ou
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11/44 executadas de diversas maneiras. Além disso, a menos que de outro modo indicado, os termos e as expressões empregados aqui foram escolhidos para fins de descrição das concretizações ilustrativas da presente invenção para conveniência do leitor e não para fins de limitar a invenção.
[0022] Além disso, é entendido que outras ou mais das seguintes concretizações, expressões de concretizações, exemplos descritos, etc. podem ser combinados com qualquer uma ou mais das seguintes concretizações, expressões de concretizações, exemplos descritos, etc.
[0023] A presente invenção é particularmente dirigida a um aparelho coagulador de pinça cirúrgico ultra-sônico aperfeiçoado, que é configurado para efetuar o corte do tecido, a coagulação, e/ou a fixação durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos. O presente aparelho pode ser prontamente configurado para uso em procedimentos cirúrgicos abertos, bem como em procedimentos laparoscópicos ou endoscópicos e procedimentos cirúrgicos assistidos por robô. O uso versátil é facilitado pelo uso seletivo de energia ultra-sônica. Quando os componentes ultra-sônicos do aparelho estiverem inativos, o tecido poderá ser prontamente agarrado e manipulado, conforme desejado, sem o corte do tecido ou danos ao mesmo. Quando os componentes ultra-sônicos forem acionados, o aparelho permitirá que o tecido seja agarrado para acoplamento com a energia ultra-sônica para efetuar a coagulação do tecido, com a aplicação de uma maior pressão que eficientemente efetua o corte e a coagulação do tecido. Caso desejado, a energia ultra-sônica poderá ser aplicada ao tecido sem uso do mecanismo de fixação do aparelho pela manipulação apropriada da lâmina ultra-sônica.
[0024] Conforme se tornará evidente a partir da seguinte descrição, o presente aparelho coagulador de pinça é particularmente
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12/44 configurado para uso descartável em virtude de sua construção reta. Assim, é contemplado que o aparelho seja usado em associação com uma unidade geradora ultra-sônica de um sistema cirúrgico, por meio do que a energia ultra-sônica da unidade de gerador confere o acionamento ultra-sônico desejado para o presente aparelho coagulador de pinça. Será apreciado que um aparelho coagulador de pinça que concretiza os princípios da presente invenção possa ser configurado para o uso não-descartável ou múltiplo, e nãodesengatavelmente integrado com uma unidade geradora ultra-sônica associada. Entretanto, a conexão desengatável do presente aparelho coagulador de pinça com uma unidade geradora ultra-sônica associada é atualmente preferida para uso de paciente único do aparelho.
[0025] A presente invenção será descrita em combinação com um instrumento ultra-sônico, conforme descrito aqui. Tal descrição é exemplificativa apenas, e não se destina a limitar o escopo e as aplicações da invenção. Por exemplo, a invenção é útil em combinação com uma grande quantidade de instrumentos ultrasônicos, incluindo aqueles descritos, por exemplo, nas Patentes norteamericanas No 5.938.633, 5.935.144, 5.944.737, 5.322.055, 5.630.420 e 5.449.370.
[0026] Com referência às figuras 1-3, é ilustrada uma concretização de um sistema cirúrgico 19, incluindo um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100, de acordo com a presente invenção. O sistema cirúrgico 19 inclui um gerador ultra-sônico 30 conectado a um transdutor ultra-sônico 50 através do cabo 22, e um instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100. Será notado que, em algumas aplicações, o transdutor ultra-sônico 50 é denominado de montagem de peça manual porque o instrumento cirúrgico do sistema cirúrgico 19 é configurado de tal modo que um cirurgião possa agarrar e manipular o
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13/44 transdutor ultra-sônico 50 durante vários procedimentos e operações. Um gerador adequado é o GEN 300, vendido pela Ethicon EndoSurgery, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio.
[0027] O instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 inclui uma montagem de cabo de múltiplas peças 68 adaptada para isolar o operador das vibrações da montagem acústica contida no transdutor 50. A montagem de cabo 68 pode ser formada para ser segurada por um usuário em uma maneira convencional, mas é contemplado que o presente instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 seja principalmente agarrado e manipulado por uma disposição na forma de gatilho provida por uma montagem de cabo do instrumento, conforme será descrito. Enquanto a montagem de cabo de múltiplas peças 68 é ilustrada, a montagem de cabo 68 poderá compreender um componente singular ou único. A extremidade proximal do instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 recebe e é ajustada na extremidade distal do transdutor ultra-sônico 50 por meio da inserção do transdutor na montagem de cabo 68. O instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 pode ser conectado ao transdutor ultra-sônico 50 ou removido do mesmo como uma unidade. O instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 pode incluir uma montagem de cabo 68, compreendendo porção de alojamento correspondente 69, porção de alojamento 70, e uma montagem de transmissão 71. Quando o presente instrumento for configurado para uso endoscópico, a construção poderá ser dimensionada de tal modo que a montagem de transmissão 71 apresente um diâmetro externo de aproximadamente 5,5 mm. A montagem de transmissão alongada 71 do instrumento cirúrgico ultrasônico 10 se estende ortogonalmente a partir da montagem de cabo de instrumento 68. A montagem de transmissão 71 pode ser seletivamente girada com relação à montagem de cabo 68, conforme adicionalmente descrito abaixo. A montagem de cabo 68 pode ser
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14/44 construída de um plástico durável, tal como policarbonato ou um polímero de cristal líquido. É também contemplado que a montagem de cabo 68 possa ser alternativamente formada de uma variedade de materiais incluindo outros plásticos, cerâmicas ou metais.
[0028] A montagem de transmissão 71 pode incluir um membro tubular externo ou revestimento externo 72, um membro de acionamento tubular interno 76, uma guia de onda 80 e um formador de extremidade 81 (lâmina 79, o braço de aperto 56 e um ou mais coxins de pinça 58). Conforme será descrito, o revestimento externo 72, o membro de acionamento 76, e a guia de onda ou haste de transmissão 80 podem ser ligados entre si para rotação como uma unidade (juntamente com o transdutor ultra-sônico 50) com relação à montagem de cabo 68. A guia de onda 80, que é adaptada para transmitir energia ultra-sônica do transdutor 50 para a lâmina 79 pode ser flexível, semiflexível ou rígida. A guia de onda 80 pode também ser configurada para amplificar as vibrações mecânicas transmitidas através da guia de onda 80 para a lâmina 79, como é bem-conhecido na técnica. A guia de onda 80 pode adicionalmente ter características para controlar o ganho da vibração longitudinal ao longo da guia de onda 80 e as características para sintonizar a guia de onda 80 à freqüência ressonante do sistema. Em particular, a guia de onda 80 pode ter uma seção transversal substancialmente uniforme ou a guia de onda 80 pode ser cônica em várias seções ou pode ser cônica ao longo de todo o seu comprimento. Em uma expressão da concretização atual, o diâmetro da guia de onda é de cerca de 2,870 mm (0,113 polegadas) nominal para minimizar o grau de deflexão na lâmina 79, de modo que as brechas na porção proximal do formador de extremidade 81 sejam minimizadas.
[0029] A guia de onda ultra-sônica 80 pode adicionalmente incluir pelo menos um furo ou abertura radial 66 que se estende através da
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15/44 mesma, substancialmente perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal da guia de onda 80. A abertura 66, que pode ser posicionada em um nó, é configurada para receber um pino de conector 27 que conecta a guia de onda 80 ao membro de acionamento tubular 76, e o revestimento externo tubular 72, um botão de rotação 29 junto para a rotação conjunta, incluindo o formador de extremidade 81, com relação à montagem de lâmina de instrumento 68.
[0030] Em uma concretização da presente invenção, a guia de onda 80 pode ter uma pluralidade de ranhuras ou entalhes (não mostrados) formada em sua circunferência externa. As ranhuras podem ser localizadas nos nós da guia de onda 80 para atuar como indicadores de alinhamento para a instalação de um revestimento amortecedor 62 e anéis de silicone estabilizantes ou suportes dúcteis durante a fabricação. Uma vedação 67 pode ser provida no nó mais distal, mais perto do formador de extremidade 81, para diminuir a passagem do tecido, do sangue, e de outro material na região entre a guia de onda 80 e o membro de acionamento 76.
[0031] A lâmina 79 pode ser integral com a guia de onda 80 e formada como uma unidade singular. Em uma expressão alternativa da concretização atual, a lâmina 79 pode ser conectada por uma conexão rosqueada, uma junta soldada, ou outros mecanismos de acoplamento. A extremidade distal da lâmina 79 é disposta perto de um antinó a fim de sintonizar a montagem acústica a uma freqüência ressonante preferida f0, quando a montagem acústica não estiver carregada pelo tecido. Quando o transdutor ultra-sônico 50 for energizado, a extremidade distal da lâmina 79 será configurada para se mover longitudinalmente na faixa de, por exemplo, aproximadamente 10 a 500 microns de pico a pico, e preferivelmente na faixa de cerca de 20 a cerca de 200 microns em uma freqüência vibracional predeterminada f0, de 55.500 Hz, por exemplo.
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16/44 [0032] De acordo com a concretização ilustrada, a lâmina 79 é curvada juntamente com o braço de aperto associado 56. Isto é ilustrativo apenas, e a lâmina 79 e um braço de aperto correspondente 56 podem ter qualquer forma, conforme é conhecido daquele versado na técnica.
[0033] O transdutor ultra-sônico 50 e uma guia de onda ultrasônica 8 juntos conferem uma montagem acústica do presente sistema cirúrgico 19, com a montagem acústica provendo energia ultra-sônica para procedimentos cirúrgicos, quando energizada pelo gerador 30. A montagem acústica do instrumento cirúrgico 100 geralmente inclui uma primeira porção acústica e uma segunda porção acústica. Na presente concretização, a primeira porção acústica compreende as porções ultra-sonicamente ativas do transdutor ultra-sônico 50, e a segunda porção acústica compreende as porções ultra-sonicamente ativas da montagem de transmissão 71. Além disso, na presente concretização, a extremidade distal da primeira porção acústica é operativamente acoplada à extremidade proximal da segunda porção acústica por uma conexão rosqueada, por exemplo.
[0034] Com particular referência às figuras 2 e 9-11, o movimento alternado do membro de acionamento 76 abre e fecha o braço de aperto. Um mecanismo de limitação de força 91 é operativamente conectado ao membro de acionamento 76 e compreende uma cobertura de colar de tubo 98 que prende a arruela distal 97, a mola de onda distal 96, a arruela proximal 95 e a mola de onda proximal 94 na cobertura de colar 93. O colar 93 inclui alhetas que se estendem axialmente 92 em engate com as aberturas adequadas 75 na porção proximal do membro de acionamento tubular 76. Uma ranhura circunferencial 74 no membro de acionamento 76 recebe o anel em O 73 para o engate com a superfície interna do revestimento externo 72. [0035] A rotação do membro de acionamento 76 juntamente com o
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17/44 revestimento externo tubular 72 e uma onda de guia interna 80 é provida por um pino de conector 27 que se estende através destes componentes e o botão de rotação 29. O membro de acionamento tubular 76 inclui uma fenda alongada 31 através da qual o pino de conector 27 se estende para acomodar o movimento alternado do membro de acionamento 76 com relação ao revestimento externo 72 e a guia de onda interna 80.
[0036] O mecanismo de limitação de força 91 confere uma porção do mecanismo de acionamento de grampo do instrumento 100, que afeta o movimento pivotal do braço de aperto 56 pelo movimento alternado do membro de acionamento 76. O mecanismo de acionamento de grampo adicionalmente inclui uma culatra de acionamento 33 que é operativamente conectada com um gatilho de operação 34 do instrumento, com o gatilho de operação 34 assim interconectado com o membro de acionamento alternável 76 através da culatra de acionamento 33 e do mecanismo de limitação de força 91. O gatilho 34 é giratoriamente conectado à culatra de acionamento 33 através de pinos 35 e 36 e do elo 37 e giratoriamente conectado para acionar a culatra 33 e o alojamento 68 através do batente 38. [0037] O movimento do gatilho 34 na direção do manípulo 68 translada o membro de acionamento 76 proximamente, pivotando assim o braço de aperto 56 na direção da lâmina 79. A ação na forma de gatilho provida pelo gatilho 34 e o manípulo cooperante 68 facilita a manipulação e o posicionamento convenientes e eficientes do instrumento, e a operação do mecanismo de fixação na porção distal do instrumento, por meio do que o tecido é eficientemente pressionado contra a lâmina 79. O movimento do gatilho 34 longe do manípulo 68 translada o membro de acionamento 76 distalmente, pivotando assim o braço de aperto 56 longe da lâmina 79.
[0038] Com referência específica às figuras 1-4, é ilustrada aqui
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18/44 uma concretização do membro de pinça 60 para uso com o presente instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 e que é configurado para ação cooperativa com a lâmina 79. O membro de pinça 60 em combinação com a lâmina 79 é comumente denominado de formador de extremidade 81, e o membro de pinça 60 é também comumente denominado de mordente. O membro de pinça 60 inclui um braço de aperto pivotavelmente móvel 56, que é conectado à extremidade distal do revestimento externo 72 e do membro de acionamento 76, em combinação com um coxim de engate de tecido ou um coxim de pinça 58. Em uma expressão da concretização, o coxim de pinça 58 é formado de TEFLON®, nome comercial de E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, um material de polímero de baixo coeficiente de atrito, ou de qualquer outro material de baixo atrito adequado. O coxim de pinça 58 é montado no braço de aperto 56 para cooperação com a lâmina 79, com o movimento pivotal do braço de aperto 56 posicionado o coxim de pinça em relação substancialmente paralela à lâmina 79 ou em contato com a mesma, definindo assim uma região de tratamento de tecido. Por meio desta construção, o tecido é preso entre o coxim de pinça 58 e a lâmina 79. Conforme ilustrado, o coxim de pinça 58 pode ser provido com superfície não-lisa, tal como uma configuração de dente de serra para intensificar o agarre do tecido em cooperação com a lâmina 79. A configuração de dente de serra, ou dentes, confere tração contra o movimento da lâmina. Os dentes também conferem uma contra-tração à lâmina e ao movimento de fixação. Como seria apreciado por aquele versado na técnica, a configuração de dente de serra é apenas um exemplo das muitas superfícies de engate de tecido para impedir o movimento do tecido com relação ao movimento da lâmina 79. Outros exemplos ilustrativos incluem ressaltos, padrões riscados com linhas cruzadas, padrões tipo banda de rodagem, uma superfície frisada ou pulverizada a jato de
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19/44 areia etc.
[0039] Com referência específica à figura 3a, uma primeira expressão da concretização atual inclui um coxim de pinça 58 apresentando uma porção proximal 58b que é mais lisa do que uma porção distal 58a, de tal modo que a porção proximal 58b possa ser desprovida de dentes na forma de dente de serra ou de outras superfícies de engate de tecido contempladas. A utilização de uma porção proximal lisa 58b no coxim de pinça 58 permite que o tecido na região proximal se mova distalmente, seguindo o movimento vibratório da lâmina, para a região mais ativa da lâmina 79 para impedir o amontoamento do tecido. Este conceito tira vantagem do perfil de movimento inerente da lâmina 79. Devido ao movimento senoidal, o maior deslocamento ou amplitude do movimento é localizado na porção mais distal da lâmina 79, enquanto a porção proximal da região de tratamento de tecido está na ordem de 50% da amplitude da ponta distal. Durante a operação, o tecido na região proximal do formador de extremidade (área da porção 58b) será dessecado e reduzido, e a porção distal do formador de extremidade 81 irá cortar transversalmente o tecido nessa região distal, permitindo assim que o tecido dessecado e fino dentro da região proximal deslize distalmente para a região mais ativa do formador de extremidade 81 para completar a transação de tecido.
[0040] Em uma segunda expressão da concretização corrente, o coxim de pinça 58 consiste de um único coxim apresentando uma extremidade proximal lisa 58b e uma porção distal 58a que compreende uma configuração de dente de serra. Em uma terceira expressão da concretização atual, o coxim de pinça 58 pode consistir de dois componentes separados, a porção distal 58a' que compreende os dentes na forma de dente de serra e a porção proximal 58b' que é mais lisa com relação à porção distal 58a'. A vantagem de dois
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20/44 componentes separados 58a' e 58b' é a de que cada coxim pode ser construído de diferentes materiais. Por exemplo, com um coxim para tecido de duas peças é permitido o uso de um material muito lúbrico na extremidade distal que não é particularmente resistente a altas temperaturas comparado ao material de temperatura muito alta na extremidade proximal que não é particularmente lúbrico porque a extremidade proximal é uma área de amplitude inferior. Tal configuração casa os materiais de coxim para tecido à amplitude da lâmina 79.
[0041] Em uma quarta expressão da concretização atual da presente invenção, o coxim de pinça 58a' é formado de TEFLON® ou de qualquer outro material de baixo atrito adequado. O coxim de pinça 58b' é formado a partir de um material de base e de pelo menos um material de enchimento, que é um material diferente do material de base. A superfície do coxim de pinça proximal 58b' pode ser mais lisa do que o coxim de pinça distal 58a', ou coxim de pinça proximal 58b' pode também ter uma configuração de dente de serra similar.
[0042] Vários benefícios e vantagens são obtidos a partir de uma ou mais expressões da invenção. Com um coxim para tecido com um material de base e pelo menos um material de enchimento é permitido que o material de base e pelo menos um material de enchimento sejam escolhidos com uma dureza, rigidez, lubricidade, coeficiente de atrito dinâmico, coeficiente de transferência de calor, abrasividade, temperatura de deflexão de calor, temperatura de transição de vidro e/ou temperatura de fusão diferentes para aperfeiçoar a desgastabilidade do coxim para tecido, que será importante, quando forças de sujeição elevadas forem empregadas, porque os coxins para tecido se desgastam mais rápido em forças de sujeição mais altas do que em forças de sujeição mais baixas. Os requerentes descobriram que, em um experimento, um coxim para tecido de
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21/44 politetrafluoroetileno enchido com 15% de grafite mostrou substancialmente o mesmo desgaste com uma força de sujeição de 3,1751 kg (7 libras) como um coxim para tecido de 100% de polietetrafluoroetileno com uma força de sujeição de 0,6803 kg (1,5 libras). Com um braço de fixação flexível e/ou um coxim para tecido flexível também pode ser aperfeiçoada a desgastabilidade do coxim para tecido devido à capacidade do membro flexível de distribuir mais uniformemente a carga através de toda a superfície do coxim para tecido. Benefícios adicionais e expressões desta concretização são descritos no Pedido de Patente Provisório Norte-americano de Série No 60.548.301, depositado em 27 de fevereiro de 2004, e comumente cedido ao cessionário da presente invenção, todos os conteúdos sendo aqui incorporados para referência.
[0043] Em uma quinta expressão da concretização atual, um coxim para tecido com um material de base e pelo menos dois materiais de enchimento permite que o material de base e pelo menos dois materiais de enchimento sejam escolhidos com uma dureza, rigidez, lubricidade, coeficiente de atrito dinâmico, coeficiente de transferência de calor, abrasividade, temperatura de deflexão de calor, e/ou temperatura de fusão diferentes para aperfeiçoar a desgastabilidade do coxim para tecido, que será importante, quando forças de sujeição elevadas forem empregadas, porque os coxins para tecido se desgastam mais rápido em forças de sujeição mais elevadas do que em forças de sujeição inferiores. As requerentes descobriram, em um experimento, que um coxim para tecido de poliimida enchido com 30% de PTFE e enchido com 15% de grafite mostrou substancialmente o mesmo desgaste ou um melhor desgaste com uma força de sujeição de 2,0411 kg (4,5 libras) como um coxim para tecido de 100% de politetrafluoroetileno que mostrou com uma força de sujeição de 0,6803 kg (1,5 libras). A vantagem de um coxim para
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22/44 tecido de poliimida enchido com 30% de PTFE e enchido com 15% de grafite é a maior resistência ao calor, o que aperfeiçoa toda a resistência ao desgaste do coxim para tecido. Este coxim de pinça composto de poliimida apresenta uma resistência ao calor útil de até cerca de 426,67°C (800 °F) a cerca de 648,89°C (1200 °F), conforme comparada com uma resistência ao calor útil de até cerca de 349°C (660°F) de um coxim de pinça de PTFE. Altemativamente, outros materiais são também úteis para uma porção do coxim para tecido (que é o elemento 58b'), tais como cerâmica, metais, vidros e grafite. [0044] Com referência às figuras 3a-e, uma expressão de braço de aperto 56 apresenta diferentes fendas formadas para aceitar dois ou mais coxins para tecido. Esta configuração impede o carregamento errôneo de coxins para tecido e assegura que o coxim apropriado seja carregado na localização correta dentro do braço de aperto 56. Por exemplo, o braço de aperto 56 pode compreender uma fenda distal na forma de T 53a para aceitar um flange na forma de T 53b' do coxim de pinça distal 58a' e uma fenda proximal na forma de cunha ou na forma de rabo de andorinha 55a para aceitar um flange na forma de cunha 55b' do coxim de pinça proximal 58b'. O batente de lingüeta 51 engata a extremidade proximal do coxim de pinça proximal 58b' para prender os coxins de pinça no braço de aperto 56. Conforme seria apreciado por aqueles versados na técnica, os flanges 53b' e 55b' e fendas correspondentes 53a e 55a podem ter formas e tamanhos alternativos para prender os coxins de pinça ao braço de aperto. As configurações de flange ilustradas mostradas são exemplificativas apenas e acomodam o material de coxim de pinça específico de uma concretização, mas o tamanho e a forma específicos do flange podem variar, incluindo, mas não limitados aos flanges do mesmo tamanho e forma. Para coxins para tecido unitários, o flange pode ser de uma configuração Além disso, outros batentes de lingüeta são possíveis e
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23/44 podem incluir qualquer dos múltiplos métodos de mecanicamente conectar os coxins de pinça ao braço de aperto, tais como rebites, cola, ajuste por pressão ou qualquer outro meio de fixação bemconhecido daquele versado na técnica.
[0045] Em uma segunda expressão da atual concretização, os coxins de pinça 58a e 58b são cortados em uma linha inclinada de modo que a interface entre os dois coxins crie uma sobreposição para minimizar as brechas (figuras 4a, 4b). Por exemplo, um corte pressionado a 45 graus permite que ocorra uma certa brecha, mas a porção de brechas vista pelo tecido é minimizada.
[0046] Em uma terceira expressão da concretização atual, o braço de aperto 56 aumenta em sua dimensão de altura a partir da extremidade distal para a extremidade proximal (D1 < D2).
Preferivelmente, D2 é de cerca de 105% a cerca de 120% maior do que D1, e, mais preferivelmente, D2 é de cerca de 108% a cerca de 113% maior do que D1, e, mais preferivelmente ainda, D2 é de cerca de 110% maior do que D1. A fenda 153 aceita os flanges de um coxim de pinça 58 ou dois coxins de pinça 58a e 58b. O braço de aperto cônico 56 permite o uso de coxins achatados e aumenta a pressão na porção proximal do formador de extremidade 81, bem como a interferência com a lâmina 79. Quando o braço de aperto 56 defletir em uma taxa maior do que a lâmina 79, a pressão ainda existirá na interface do tecido e da lâmina, não sendo criada qualquer brecha. Adicionalmente, a pressão maior ajuda a deslocar a amplitude de lâmina diminuída na extremidade proximal da lâmina 79 e confere uma pressão relativamente constante entre o coxim de pinça 58 e a lâmina 79.
[0047] Uma primeira expressão para um método para inserir coxins de pinça inclui: a) a inserção de um primeiro e um segundo coxins de pinça apresentando um primeiro flange formado em um
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24/44 braço de aperto 56 apresentando uma fenda que aceita o primeiro flange formado; e b) o engate de um batente de coxim para prender os coxins de pinça dentro do braço de aperto. Em uma segunda expressão deste método, um coxim de pinça pode ser fabricado a partir de um material polimérico, tal como TEFLON, e o segundo coxim de pinça pode ser fabricado a partir de um material de base e de pelo menos um material de enchimento, que é um material diferente do material de base, e esse braço de aperto é fabricado de metal, tal como aço inoxidável ou titânio. As superfícies do tecido dos coxins de pinça podem ser lisas ou ter características de agarre de tecido, tal como a configuração de dente de serra.
[0048] Uma terceira expressão para um método para inserir coxins de pinça inclui: a) a inserção de um primeiro coxim de pinça apresentando um primeiro flange formado em um braço de aperto apresentando uma fenda que aceita o primeiro flange formado; b) a inserção de um segundo coxim de pinça apresentando um segundo flange formado em um braço de aperto apresentando uma fenda que aceita o segundo flange formado; e c) o engate de um batente de coxim para prender os coxins de pinça dentro do braço de aperto. Em uma quarta expressão deste método, um coxim de pinça pode ser fabricado a partir de um material polimérico, tal como TEFLON, e o segundo coxim de pinça pode ser fabricado a partir de um material de base e de pelo menos um material de enchimento, que é um material diferente do material de base, e esse braço de aperto é fabricado de metal, tal como aço inoxidável, ou titânio. As superfícies do tecido dos coxins de pinça podem ser lisas ou ter características de agarre de tecido, tal como uma configuração de dente de serra.
[0049] Uma primeira expressão de um método para substituir os coxins de pinça 58 incluiria as etapas de: a) desengatar um batente de coxim; b) remover um primeiro coxim de pinça do braço de aperto; c)
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25/44 remover um segundo coxim de pinça do braço de aperto; d) inserir os terceiro e quarto coxins de pinça no braço de aperto; e e) engatar um batente de coxim para prender os terceiro e quarto coxins de pinça dentro do braço de aperto. Em uma segunda expressão deste método, um dos terceiro ou quarto coxins pode ser fabricado de um material polimérico, tal como TEFLON, e o outro coxim de pinça pode ser fabricado a partir de um material de base e pelo menos um material de enchimento, que é um material diferente do material de base, e esse braço de aperto é fabricado de metal, tal como aço inoxidável, ou titânio. As superfícies do tecido dos coxins de pinça podem ser lisas ou ter características de agarre de tecido, tal como configuração de dente de serra.
[0050] Com referência agora à figura 4, o movimento pivotal do membro de pinça 60 com relação à lâmina 79 é afetado pela provisão de um par de pontos de pivotamento no braço de aperto 56 que está em interface com o tubo externo 72 e o tubo interno 76, respectivamente. O tubo externo 72 é aterrado ao cabo 68 através do botão de rotação 29. O braço de aperto 56 é pivotavelmente conectado ao tubo externo 72 através de furos atravessantes correspondentes 52a e 52b no braço de aperto 56 e 52c e 52d no tubo externo 72. Um pino ou rebite de fixação 57 desliza através dos furos 52a-d para prender o braço de aperto 56 ao tubo externo 72. Em uma concretização, o pino 57 é soldado a laser para prender o braço 56, de modo que o pino 57 seja fixado ao braço de aperto 56 e gire com relação ao revestimento externo 72.
[0051] O tubo interno 76 translado ao longo do eixo longitudinal do tubo externo 72 e é aterrado ao cabo 68 através do botão de rotação
29. Os prisioneiros de pivotamento 54a,b (54a não mostrado) no braço de aperto 56 engatam os furos de pivotamento 54c,d (54d não mostrado) na extremidade distal do tubo interno 76. A conexão pivotal
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26/44 do braço de aperto 56 aos tubos interno e externo 76, 72 confere uma maior robustez ao formador de extremidade 81 e minimiza os modos de falha devido às cargas excessivas axiais ou torsionais excessivas. Além disso, a concretização aumenta a eficácia do formador de extremidade 81 para prover forças de sujeição de mais de 1,5 libras (0,6803 kg). O movimento alternado do membro de acionamento 76, com relação ao revestimento externo 72 e à guia de onda 80, afeta assim o movimento pivotal do braço de aperto 56 com relação à lâmina de extremidade 79.
[0052] A figura 4c ilustra um diagrama de força e a relação entre a força de acionamento FA (provida pelo membro de acionamento 76) e a força de corte transversal FT (medida no ponto intermediário da área de tratamento de tecido óptico).
FT = FA (X2/X1) Equação [1] [0053] Onde FA é igual à pré-carga de mola da mola proximal 94 (menos perdas de atrito), que, em uma concretização, é de cerca de 5,6699 kg (12,5 libras), e FT é igual a cerca de 2,0411 kg (4,5 libras), conforme mostrado na figura 16c. A figura 16c apresenta uma ilustração gráfica de FT e FA como uma função do movimento do gatilho 34, bem como forças de entrada no gatilho 34.
[0054] FT é medida na região da interface de braço de aperto/lâmina, onde o ótimo tratamento de tecido ocorre, conforme definido pelas marcas do tecido 61a e 61b. As marcas de tecido 61a,b são gravadas ou são apresentadas em relevo no braço de aperto 56 para prover uma marca visível ao cirurgião, de modo que o cirurgião tenha uma indicação clara da ótima área de tratamento de tecido. As marcas de tecido 61a,b estão separadas a cerca de 7 mm na distância, e mais preferivelmente separadas a 5 mm na distância. [0055] A rotação da montagem de transmissão 71 do instrumento cirúrgico ultra-sônico 100 pode ser efetuada juntamente com o
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27/44 movimento rotacional relativo do transdutor ultra-sônico 50 com relação à montagem de cabo de instrumento 68. A fim de ligar a montagem de transmissão 71 ao transdutor ultra-sônico 50 em relação de transmissão ultra-sônica, a porção proximal do revestimento externo 72 pode ser provida com um par de planos de cunha 46. Os planos de cunha 46 permitem que o torque seja aplicado por uma chave de porca de torque adequada ou semelhante para assim permitir que a guia de onda 80 seja ligada ao transdutor ultra-sônico 50. O transdutor ultra-sônico 50, bem como a montagem de transmissão 71, é assim girável, como uma unidade, pela manipulação adequada do botão de rotação 29, com relação à montagem de cabo 68 do instrumento. O interior da montagem de cabo 68 é dimensionado para acomodar tal rotação relativa do transdutor ultrasônico 50. Uma mola 28 é carregada contra o botão de rotação 29 e uma superfície de alojamento interna 65. A mola 28 confere uma compressão ou força contra o botão de rotação 29 para impedir a rotação inadvertida do formador de extremidade 81.
[0056] Com referência às figuras 2, 5, 6 e 16, o mecanismo de limitação de força 91 apresenta uma primeira e uma segunda molas de compressão, a mola distal 96 e a mola proximal 94. A mola distal 96 é operacionalmente acoplada à culatra 33, que, por sua vez, é acionada pelo gatilho 34. A mola proximal 94 está em relação operacional com a mola distal 96. A mola distal 96 gera a carga do formador de extremidade e a mola proximal 94 mantém a consistência da carga de formador de extremidade. Como resultado, a carga do formador de extremidade é mais estritamente controlada e as condições de carga abusiva de componente são reduzidas. As arruelas 97 e 95 são uma proteção contra a mola distal 96 que é totalmente comprimida (figura 5), impedindo assim que o material de mola se deforme e torne a mola 96 inútil nos fechamentos de braço de aperto subseqüentes. Como
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28/44 seria apreciado por aquele versado na técnica, a aplicação do sistema de limitação de força de mola dupla apresenta aplicabilidade em outros dispositivos cirúrgicos à base de energia (tais como RF, microondas e laser) que enfrenta as forças de sujeição, bem como dispositivos mecânicos, tais como clipe, aplicadores, dispositivos de agarre e grampeadores.
[0057] Em uma expressão da atual concretização, a mola distal 96 apresenta uma constante de mola maior do que 17,5 N/mm (100 libras por polegada), preferivelmente, maior do que 21,9 N/mm (125 libras por polegada) e, mais preferivelmente ainda, de cerca de 23,6 N/mm (135 libras por polegada). Não é exigido que a mola distal 96 seja précarregada, mas pode ser pré-carregada em menos de 4,5359 kg (10 libras), preferivelmente, menos de 2,2679 kg (5 libras), e, mais preferivelmente ainda, em cerca de (1 libra 0,4535 kg). A mola proximal 94 apresenta uma constante de mola maior do que 4,38 N/mm (25 libras por polegada), preferivelmente, maior do que 8,76 N/mm (50 libras por polegada) e, mais preferivelmente ainda, de cerca de 12,3 N/mm (70 libras por polegada). A mola proximal 94 é précarregada a uma força necessária para se alcançar a força de corte transversal desejada, conforme notado na Equação 1 acima, e é uma função da vantagem mecânica do meio de acoplamento do braço de aperto 56 e perdas de atrito no dispositivo. Em uma segunda expressão da concretização atual, a mola proximal 94 é pré-carregada em cerca de 5,6699 kg (12,5 libras).
[0058] Com referência agora à figura 16a, a curva 82 ilustra a força do membro de acionamento 76 e a curva 83 representa a força do gatilho 34 como uma função da rotação angular do gatilho 34 (o eixo x, -18,0 é o braço de aperto 56 totalmente aberto e 0,0 é o braço de aperto totalmente fechado e contra a lâmina 79) sob nenhum tecido ou operação de carga de tecido mínima. O ponto 82a representa o
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29/44 ponto no qual a culatra 33 começa a flexionar ou a comprimir a mola distal 96 e a força do membro de acionamento 76 aumenta à medida que o gatilho 34 é adicionalmente pressionado até que a força alcance o valor de pré-carga da mola proximal 94 no ponto de inflexão 82b e a inclinação da curva de força diminua.
[0059] Na figura 16B, a curva 84 ilustra a força do membro de acionamento 76 e a curva 85 representa a força do gatilho 34 como uma função da rotação angular do gatilho 34 sob a operação de carga de tecido excessiva, por meio do que o tecido enche por completo o formador de extremidade na posição aberta. O ponto 84a representa o ponto no qual a culatra 33 começa a flexionar ou a comprimir a mola distal 96 e a força do membro de acionamento 76 aumenta à medida que o gatilho 34 é apertado até que a força alcance o valor da précarga da mola proximal 94 no ponto de inflexão 84b, em cujo ponto a inclinação da curva de força diminui.
[0060] Com referência agora às figuras 2 e 5, o instrumento cirúrgico 100 adicionalmente confere um meio para indicar ao cirurgião que o gatilho alcançou o percurso total e o braço de aperto 56 está aplicando a força de coaptação correta ao tecido. Isto é útil durante as operações cirúrgicas prolongadas ou atividades de corte transversal de tecido, quando o agarre do cirurgião puder relaxar, apenas um pouco, sem o conhecimento do cirurgião, e a pressão dispensada para o tecido do braço de aperto 56 puder ser diminuída sem saber.
[0061] Em uma expressão da concretização atual, uma mola detentora 110 é sustentada dentro de um suporte detentor 112 localizado dentro da porção de alojamento 69. Uma lingüeta detentora 114 no gatilho 34 irá engatar e recuar rapidamente a mola detentora 110, quando o gatilho 34 estiver totalmente fechado ou o membro de acionamento 76 tiver alcançado seu percurso mais proximal. A mola detentora 110 é geralmente planar e formada de um plástico flexível
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30/44 que será adequadamente dobrado, quando engatar a lingüeta 114, provendo assim um sinal audível e/ou tátil ao cirurgião de que o formador de extremidade 81 foi fechado por completo. Vantajosamente, a lingüeta 114 irá atingir e dobrar a mola detentora 110, quando o gatilho 34 for girado da posição de fechamento total e na direção oposta, provendo assim um sinal audível e/ou tátil ao cirurgião de que o fechamento total do formador de extremidade 81 não mais existe. Como seria apreciado por aquele versado na técnica, o meio de indicação pode ser ou tátil, ou audível, ou visual, ou uma combinação destes. Vários tipos de indicadores podem ser usados incluindo interruptores de cúpula, batentes sólidos, molas em cantiléver ou qualquer número de interruptores mecânicos ou elétricos conhecidos daqueles versados na técnica. Além disso, vários meios podem ser usados para prover feedback ao cirurgião, incluindo, mas sem qualquer limitação, luzes, campainhas, e elementos vibratórios. [0062] Com referência agora às figuras 1, 2 e 6-8, o alojamento 68 inclui uma extremidade proximal, uma extremidade distal, e uma cavidade 59 que se estende longitudinalmente aí. A cavidade 59 é configurada para aceitar uma montagem de interruptor 300 e a montagem de transdutor 50, a qual está em interface com o alojamento 68 através da montagem de interruptor 300.
[0063] O transdutor 50 inclui um primeiro anel condutivo 400 e um segundo anel condutivo 410 que são firmemente dispostos dentro do corpo transdutor 50. Em uma expressão da concretização atual, o primeiro anel condutivo 400 compreende um membro de anel, que é disposto entre o transdutor 50 e o corno 130. Preferivelmente, o primeiro anel condutivo 400 é formado adjacente ao membro de flange 160 ou como parte do mesmo dentro da cavidade 162 e é eletricamente isolado de outros componentes elétricos. O primeiro anel condutivo 400 é fixado em uma plataforma não-condutiva e se estende
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31/44 para cima a partir da mesma ou semelhante (não mostrado) que é formada dentro do corpo transdutor 50. O primeiro anel condutivo 400 é eletricamente conectado ao cabo 22 (figura 1) por meio de um ou mais fios elétricos (não mostrados), que se estendem ao longo do comprimento do corpo transdutor 50 para o primeiro anel condutivo 400.
[0064] O segundo anel condutivo 410 do transdutor 50 similarmente compreende um membro de anel que é disposto entre o corpo de transdutor 150 e o corno 130. O segundo anel condutivo 410 é disposto entre o primeiro anel condutivo 400 e o corno 130 e, por isso, o primeiro e o segundo anéis condutivos 400, 410 são membros concêntricos. O segundo anel condutivo 410 é igualmente isolado eletricamente do primeiro anel condutivo 400 e os outros elementos elétricos contidos dentro do transdutor 50. Similar ao primeiro anel condutivo 400, o segundo anel condutivo 410 é preferivelmente preso à plataforma não-condutiva e se estende para cima a partir da mesma. Será entendido que os primeiro e segundo anéis condutivos 400, 410 são suficientemente espaçados entre si, de modo que eles fiquem eletricamente isolados entre si. Isto pode ser conseguido com o uso de um ou mais espaçadores 413 dispostos entre os primeiro e segundo anéis condutivos 400, 410 ou entre os anéis 400, 410 e outros membros dentro do transdutor 50. O segundo anel condutivo 410 é também eletricamente conectado ao cabo 22 (figura 1) por meio de um ou mais fios elétricos (não mostrados), que se estendem ao longo do comprimento do transdutor 50 para o segundo anel condutivo 410. O segundo anel condutivo 410 é assim provido para parcialmente definir um percurso elétrico do cabo 22 para o mecanismo de interruptor 300. Um transdutor ultra-sônico adequado 50 é o Modelo N2 HP054, vendido pela Ehticon Endo-Surgery, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio.
[0065] Em uma expressão da concretização atual, a extremidade
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32/44 distal do transdutor 50 é rosqueadamente conectada à extremidade proximal da haste de transmissão 80. A extremidade distal do transdutor 50 também está em interface com a montagem de interruptor 300 para conferir ao cirurgião controles acionados digitalmente em um instrumento cirúrgico 100.
[0066] A montagem de interruptor 300 compreende uma montagem de botão de pressão 310, uma montagem de circuito flexível 330, um alojamento de interruptor 350, um primeiro condutor de anel coletor de mola 360 e um segundo condutor de anel coletor de mola 370. O alojamento de interruptor 350 é geralmente cilíndrico e é sustentado dentro da montagem de cabo 68 por meio de bocas de suporte correspondentes na montagem de interruptor 350 e porções de alojamento 69 e 70. O alojamento 350 define uma primeira cavidade 353, uma bossa de montagem 352 e uma segunda cavidade 351. A cavidade 353 é dimensionada para aceitar a extremidade proximal do transdutor 50, por meio do que o corno 130 passa através da cavidade 351 para ficar em interface com a haste de transmissão 80. A bossa de montagem 352 aceita os condutores de anel coletor 360 e 370, que, por sua vez, engatam eletricamente os contatos de anel 400 e 410, respectivamente. Um pino de alinhamento 354 e o pino de ajuste por pressão 355 são alinhados com as aberturas correspondentes da montagem de circuito flexível 330 e da montagem de botão de pressão 310 para prender todos os componentes entre si, conforme discutido abaixo.
[0067] Com particular referência agora à figura 8a, os condutos de anel coletor 360 e 370 são molas na forma de O geralmente de extremidade aberta que deslizam na bossa de montagem 352. Cada anel coletor de mola compreende dois pontos de contato de pressão (361a-b e 371 a-b) que entram em contato com o respectivo condutor de anel 400 e 410 do transdutor 50. A tensão de mola dos anéis
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33/44 coletores 360 e 370 cria o contato positivo entre os contatos 361 a-b, 372a-b e os condutores 400 e 410. É evidente que a construção de anel coletor permite que seja formado um contato elétrico mesmo com a possível rotação do transdutor 50 pelo cirurgião durante o uso do instrumento. Os batentes 364 e 374 dos respectivos anéis coletores são eletricamente conectados ao respectivo condutor dentro do circuito flexível 330 para completar o circuito elétrico, conforme mostrado na figura 8c.
[0068] Um circuito flexível 330 apresenta uma interface eletromecânica entre os botões de pressão 311a,b, 312a,b e o gerador 30 através do transdutor 50. O circuito flexível compreende quatro interruptores de cúpula 332a,b e 334a,b, que são mecanicamente acionados com o apertar dos botões de pressão 3121a, b ou 312a, b, respectivamente, da montagem de botão de pressão correspondente 310. Os interruptores de cúpula 332 e 334 são interruptores de contato elétrico, que, quando pressionados, suprem um sinal elétrico ao gerador 30, conforme mostrado pelo esquema de fiação elétrica da figura 8c. O circuito flexível 330 também compreende dois diodos dentro de um invólucro de diodo 336, também ilustrado na figura 8c. O circuito flexível 330 supre condutores 335 e 337, conforme é conhecido daquele versado na técnica, que são conectados aos condutores de anel coletor 360 e 370 através de lingüetas elétricas 364 e 374, respectivamente, que, por sua vez, conferem um contato elétrico aos condutores de anel 400 e 410, que, por sua vez, são conectados aos condutores no cabo 22 que são conectados ao gerador 30. As lingüetas 364 e 374 são soldadas aos condutores 335 e 337.
[0069] O circuito flexível 330 geralmente envolve o alojamento de interruptor 350, de modo que os interruptores de cúpula 334a,b e
332a,b fiquem em interface com as superfícies de apoio
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34/44 correspondentes 356a b e 358a,b no alojamento de interruptor 350. As superfícies de apoio conferem um suporte firme para os interruptores de cúpula durante a operação, discutida abaixo. Os interruptores de cúpula 334a,b e 332a,b podem ser fixamente conectados às superfícies de apoio 356a,b e 358a,b por meio de qualquer método conveniente, tal como, um adesivo. O circuito flexível é preso ao alojamento de interruptor 350 através do pino de alinhamento 354 e do pino de ajuste por pressão 355 na montagem de interruptor 350 e através do furo de alinhamento correspondente e do furo de ajuste por pressão 339 no circuito flexível 330.
[0070] No topo do circuito flexível, é disposta a montagem de botão de pressão 310, que apresenta uma forma de selim correspondente como o circuito flexível 330, e é geralmente envolta em torno do alojamento de interruptor 350. A montagem de botão de pressão 310 compreende quatro botões de pressão, botões de pressão distais 312a,b e botões de pressão proximais 311a,b, que apresentam prisioneiros de pressão correspondentes 315a, b e 314a,b. Os botões de pressão são conectados aos elementos em cantiléver 3a3a, b e 316a,b que conferem uma ação de retorno de mola depois que os botões de pressão são calcados. Como é prontamente evidente, com o calcar dos botões de pressão 311 e 312, os prisioneiros de pressão correspondentes 314 e 315 são calcados contra os interruptores de cúpula correspondentes 334 e 332 para acionar o circuito ilustrado na figura 8c. Os interruptores 312a e b estão em paralelo; assim, um cirurgião pode operar os botões de pressão com o uso ou da mão esquerda ou da mão direita. Do mesmo modo, os interruptores 311a e b estão em paralelo; assim um cirurgião pode operar os botões de pressão usando ou a mão esquerda ou a mão direita. Quando o cirurgião apertar o interruptor 312a ou 312b, o gerador irá responder com um certo nível de energia, tal como um
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35/44 ajuste de energia máximo (max); quando o cirurgião apertar o interruptor 311a ou 311b, o gerador irá responder com um certo nível de energia, tal como um ajuste de energia mínimo (min), que se conforma à prática industrial aceita para a localização de botão de pressão e o correspondente ajuste de energia.
[0071] Alternativamente, os botões de pressão podem ser moldados no alojamento de interruptor 350 ou na montagem de cabo 68 para reduzir o número de componente e aumentar a confiabilidade de todo o dispositivo. Os botões de pressão podem ser conectados através de pequenas seções em cantiléver, o que permite a firme conexão do botão de pressão a outros componentes, enquanto ao mesmo tempo permite que uma força inferior ative os botões de pressão.
[0072] Com referência agora às figuras 12-15, uma expressão da concretização atual permite que os interruptores 311a, b e 312a, b assim configurados proporcionem uma operação e um agarre ergonomicamente agradáveis para o cirurgião. Os interruptores podem ser colocados na faixa da amplitude de oscilação natural do polegar do cirurgião, seja segurando o instrumento cirúrgico 100 com a mão direita, seja com a mão esquerda. Em uma segunda expressão da concretização atual, os interruptores são colocados no alojamento 68 para impedir o acionamento inadvertido de botão no lado do instrumento oposto ao polegar, enquanto o cirurgião aperta o gatilho 34 ou gira o botão de rotação 29. Em uma terceira expressão da concretização atual, uma série de divisões, tais como cristas e/ou depressões ou picos e vales que são integrados no alojamento 68. Em um exemplo, o alojamento define uma primeira superfície e a série de divisões define pelo menos uma segunda superfície, de tal modo que a segunda superfície seja mais alta do que a superfície do alojamento. A divisória pode também definir uma terceira superfície
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36/44 que é mais baixa do que a superfície do alojamento. Conforme pode ser visto nas figuras 1, 2, os interruptores 312a,b são circundados por uma crista superior 320 e uma crista inferior 324. As cristas 320 e 324 podem ser características físicas distintas, ambas separadas uma da outra, ou as cristas 320 e 324 podem ser contínuas por natureza sem se afastar do escopo da invenção. Além disso, as cristas 320 e 324 podem continuar através de toda a porção superior do alojamento 68, conforme mostrado nas figuras 12-15, ou as cristas 320 e 324 podem ser distintas, conforme mostrado nas figuras 1 e 2. Esta construção e situação dos interruptores 312a,b impedem o risco de acionamento inadvertido de botão, mesmo que um dedo passe por cima do botão devido ao fato de as cristas empurrarem o dedo para passar acima do plano do botão. As cristas também conferem um feedback tátil ao cirurgião quanto à localização dos botões de pressão e de se o botão representa a ativação de potência mínima ou máxima. Como fica prontamente evidente, os interruptores 312a,b são circundados pelas cristas 320 e 324 e os botões de pressão 311a,b são situados acima e proximal à crista 320. Tal feedback tátil é essencial ao cirurgião para que o cirurgião possa continuamente acessar o local cirúrgico, mas confiantemente entender quais os botões de pressão estão sendo acionados. Em uma expressão adicional da concretização atual, os interruptores 312a,b são aninhados dentro de uma depressão 322 e adicionalmente circundados pelas cristas 320 e 324.
[0073] Com referência à figura 12, a mão esquerda de um cirurgião está acessando o instrumento 100. O dedo indicador e o dedo médio são equilibrados para acionar o gatilho 34, e o dedo anular e o dedo mindinho agarram o manípulo 39. O polegar é convenientemente posicionado para roçar ascendentemente para acionar o botão de pressão 312a ou 311a. As cristas 320 e 324 se estendem através da porção superior do alojamento 69.
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37/44 [0074] Na figura 13, o lado oposto do instrumento 100 mostrado na figura 12 é ilustrado mostrando os botões de pressão 311b e 312b. Aqui, o dedo indicador de cirurgião está acessando o botão de rotação 29 para girar o formador de extremidade 81. Conforme pode ser visto, o botão de pressão 312b é submetido ao acionamento inadvertido pelo dedo indicador. Entretanto, a crista 324 faz com que o dedo indicador seja elevado acima do plano do botão de pressão 312b, reduzindo assim o risco de acionamento inadvertido.
[0075] Na figura 14, o cirurgião apertou o gatilho 34 para fechar o braço de aperto 56 contra a lâmina 79, e o polegar esquerdo facilmente acessou o botão de pressão 312b para ativar a potência máxima.
[0076] Na figura 15, o cirurgião apertou o gatilho 34 para fechar o braço de aperto 56 contra a lâmina 79, e o polegar esquerdo acessou com facilidade o botão de pressão 311b para ativar a potência mínima. [0077] Com referência à figura 17, uma expressão do instrumento cirúrgico 100 é mostrada graficamente ilustrando a colocação de um dedo do cirurgião no instrumento 100. Instrumental no acionamento do instrumento 100 é a colocação do dedo indicador 382 e do dedo médio 384 no gatilho 34. (O uso do dedo indicador e do dedo médio para acionar o gatilho 34 é apenas exemplificativo. Os cirurgiões com mãos menores podem optar por acionar o gatilho 34 com o dedo médio e o dedo anular, deixando o dedo indicador disponível para girar o botão 29 ou mesmo usar o dedo anular e o dedo mindinho para acionar o gatilho 34.) O gatilho 34 compreende um elemento de base 45, que compreende a lingüeta de detecção 114 e a articulação com a culatra 33, conforme discutido abaixo. Ao elemento de base 45 é conectada uma interface de dedo geralmente na forma de T 43, que, em conjunção com o elemento de base 45, definem duas aberturas geralmente na forma de U, uma ranhura do dedo indicador 42 e uma
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38/44 ranhura anular intermediária 44. A porção de superfície mais distal da interface de anel na forma de T 43 define uma superfície de acionamento 41 que também aceita a colocação dos dedos 382 e 384. As ranhuras 42 e 44 são dimensionadas para aceitarem dedos de diferentes dimensões, uma variável comum como é evidente dependendo do sexo e do tamanho do cirurgião. Em uma primeira expressão da concretização atual, o tamanho das ranhuras 42 e 44 se baseia em dados antrópicos para 5% de mulheres a 95% de homens para tamanho de dedo. Em uma segunda expressão da concretização atual, as ranhuras 42 e 44 são cônicas, por meio do que a dimensão de cada abertura de ranhura é maior do que a dimensão de base de cada ranhura 42 e 44. Esta configuração permite vantajosamente que dedos de tamanho variado sejam aninhados apertadamente dentro de cada ranhura e minimizem o afastamento entre o dedo e as paredes das ranhuras.
[0078] Com referência agora também às figuras 10 e 11, o braço de aperto 56 será totalmente aberto com relação à lâmina 79, quando o gatilho 34 estiver em sua posição mais distal (figura 10). Os dedos 382 e 384 podem ser colocados dentro das respectivas ranhuras 42 e 44 ou alternativamente na superfície 41 para acionar o gatilho 34 através de seu percurso arqueado indicado pela seta 47. Quando o gatilho alcançar seu percurso proximal total (quando a lingüeta de detenção 114 engatar a mola detentora 110), o braço de aperto 56 estará totalmente na posição fechada com relação à lâmina 79 (figura 11). A fim de inverter o gatilho ao longo de seu percurso 47, os dedos 382 e 384 engatam as ranhuras 42 e 44 e empurram o gatilho 34 distalmente para abrir o formador de extremidade. O braço de aperto 56 não é pressionado para se abrir; por isso, o cirurgião não pode controlar a abertura do braço de aperto 56 através da superfície 41. [0079] Com referência agora à figura 18, os elementos
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39/44 apresentando numerais de referência similares, conforme mostrado na figura 2, apresentam a função similar, conforme já discutido. Atenção específica é dirigida a uma montagem de cabo alternativa 168 para acionar o formador de extremidade 81. A montagem de cabo 168 inclui duas porções de cabo pivotantes 420 e 422 acopladas a uma coberta direita 169 e uma coberta esquerda 170.
[0080] A coberta direita 169 é adaptada para se ajustar por encaixe na coberta esquerda 170 através de uma pluralidade de pinos virados para dentro formado na coberta esquerda 170 para formar o alojamento 171. Quando a coberta esquerda 170 for conectada à coberta direita 169, será formada uma cavidade entre elas para acomodar vários componentes que formam a montagem de cabo 168, conforme adicionalmente discutido abaixo. As abertas 172 e 174 são também formadas para acomodar a porção de cabo ou de anel de polegar 420 ou a porção de cabo ou de anel de dedo 422, que são localizadas no lado de fora das cobertas esquerda e direita na articulação de acionamento contida dentro das cobertas esquerda e direita. A abertura 173 também é formada na extremidade proximal das cobertas para acomodar o transdutor 50 (vide figura 8b).
[0081] A montagem de cabo 168 inclui uma culatra na forma de U 424 deslizavelmente conectável dentro dos alojamentos 169 e 170 através de fendas 421a e 421b e dos pinos 423a e 423b, respectivamente. A extremidade distal do cabo 420 no furo 402 é conectada à coberta direita 169 e à culatra através do pino 423a, e a extremidade proximal do cabo 420 é conectada à culatra 424 através do elo 428 conectado ao furo 404 através de um pino 426 e ao furo 410 através do pino 430. A extremidade distal do cabo 422 no furo 406 é conectada à coberta direita 169 e à culatra através do pino 423b, e a extremidade proximal do cabo 422 é conectada à culatra 424 através do elo 432 conectado ao furo 408 através do pino 434 e ao furo 412
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40/44 através do pino 430. Na prática, à medida que os cabos 420 e 422 são movidos longe do alojamento 171 (por exemplo, o polegar do cirurgião coopera com o cabo 420, e o dedo indicador e o dedo médio do cirurgião cooperam com o cabo 422), o formador de extremidade 81 se move para longe da lâmina 79 para formar um mordente aberta (a posição aberta), e à medida que os cabos 420 e 422 são movidos para o alojamento 171, o formador de extremidade 81 gira na direção da lâmina 79 para capturar o tecido (a posição fechada).
[0082] Em uma expressão da concretização atual, uma mola detentora 482 é sustentada dentro da porção de alojamento 171. Um came detector 480 gira na culatra 168 e irá engatar e fazer saltar para trás a mola detentora 482, quando os cabos 420 e 422 estiverem na posição totalmente fechada. A mola detentora 482 é geralmente formada de um plástico flexível que será adequadamente dobrado, quando engatar o came 480, provendo assim um sinal audível para o cirurgião de que está presente o fechamento total do formador de extremidade 81. Vantajosamente, o came 480 irá atingir e dobrar a mola detentora 482, quando os cabos 420 e 422 forem girados da posição aberta total e na direção oposta, provendo assim um sinal audível para o cirurgião de que o fechamento completo do formador de extremidade 81 não mais existe.
[0083] Com referência agora à figura 24, uma segunda expressão da concretização atual é mostrada apresentando um batente de atuador 433 que é conectado ao cabo 422 e que engata um interruptor de cúpula 435 coberto por borracha de silicone localizadas na montagem de alojamento 171. Quando o cabo 422 estiver totalmente fechado, o batente 433 pressionará contra o silicone que, por sua vez, irá transferir a força para o interruptor de cúpula 435, permitindo que o interruptor supra um feedback audível e tátil para o cirurgião. Em uma concretização o batente 433 é um cilindro que apresenta um diâmetro
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41/44 de 4,318 mm (0,170 polegadas) com uma fenda de 1,778 mm (0,070 polegadas) no meio. Um durômetro preferido para o material de borracha de silício é de 20 Shore A.
[0084] Com referência agora à figura 23, são também encerrados dentro do alojamento 171 o conector 450, os anéis coletores 452, 454, o circuito flexível 456 e o interruptor oscilante 462. O interruptor oscilante 462 é giratoriamente conectado à coberta direita 169 através da abertura 469 e os interruptores 462 e 464 são posicionados fora do alojamento 171 para acesso pelo cirurgião. Os interruptores 462 e 464 são mecanicamente conectados através de um braço oscilante 466 que compreende um batente de pivotamento 468 que está em interface com a abertura 469. Nesta configuração, os interruptores 462 e 464 não podem ser simultaneamente apertados, mas se fosse o caso, forneceriam uma mensagem de erro do gerador 30. Um circuito flexível 456 apresenta uma interface eletromecânica entre os interruptores 464 e 466 e o gerador 30 através do transdutor 50 (vide figura 8b). Com referência à figura 21, o circuito flexível 456 inclui, na extremidade distal, dois interruptores de cúpula 500 e 502 que são mecanicamente acionados com o calcar dos interruptores correspondentes 464 e 466, respectivamente. Os interruptores de cúpula 500 e 502 são interruptores de contato elétrico, que, quando apertados, suprem um sinal elétrico para o gerador 30, conforme mostrado pelo esquema de fiação elétrica da figura 22. O circuito flexível 456 também compreende dois diodos dentro de um pacote de diodo 504, também ilustrado na figura 22. O circuito flexível 456 supre condutores, como é conhecido daqueles versados na técnica, que são conectados aos condutores de anel coletor 452 e 454 através do conector 450, que, por sua vez, fornece o contato elétrico aos condutores 400 e 410 (figura 8b), que, por sua vez, são conectados aos condutores no cabo 32 que são conectados ao gerador 30.
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42/44 [0085] Com referência específica agora às figuras 19 e 20a-b, os condutores de anel coletor 452 e 454 são molas na forma de O de extremidade geralmente aberta que deslizam nas superfícies de montagem 453 e 455 do conector 450, respectivamente. Cada anel coletor da mola compreende dois pontos de contato de pressão (510ab e 522a-b) que entrem em contato com o respectivo condutor de anel 400 e 410 da peça manual 50. A tensão de mola dos anéis coletores 452 e 454 produz o contato positivo entre os contatos 510a-b e os condutores 400 e 410. É evidente que a construção de anel coletor permite que o contato elétrico seja formado mesmo que a peça manual 50 possa ser girada pelo cirurgião durante o uso do instrumento. Os batentes 512 e 524 dos respectivos anéis coletores são eletricamente conectados ao respectivo condutor dentro do circuito flexível 456 para completar o circuito elétrico, conforme mostrado na figura 22.
[0086] Com referência novamente à figura 18, o acoplador de rotação 130 giratoriamente engata a extremidade distal das cobertas direita e esquerda 169 e 170. O botão de rotação 129 é acoplado ao acoplador rotacional 130, por meio do que as duas lingüetas de mola 175 e 175a (não mostradas) proporcionam uma tensão ou força externa contra a superfície interna do botão de rotação 129 para impedir a rotação inadvertida do formador de extremidade 81.
[0087] Em uma expressão alternativa da invenção, os cabos 420 e 422 apresentam um revestimento de elastômero termoplástico moldado de toque suave 550 sobre a superfície interna dos cabos 420 e 422. O revestimento plástico 550 dá conforto ao cirurgião e impede a fadiga do dedo e da mão. O revestimento plástico 550 também confere uma superfície de agarre maior entre os cabos e o polegar e os dedos do cirurgião, em oposição à interface de superfície plástica lisa da técnica anterior. Isto é particularmente vantajoso para aceitar os múltiplos tamanhos de dedos de mulheres e homens cirurgiões e
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43/44 ainda confere uma superfície de agarre confortável e positiva. O revestimento plástico 550 pode ser liso ou ter contornos moldados sobre a superfície do revestimento 550, tal como ribs, conforme ilustrado nas figuras 23 e 24. Outros contornos podem ser ressaltos, e picos e vales. Várias outras formas e interfaces estão dentro do escopo desta invenção como seria óbvio àquele versado na técnica. O revestimento plástico 550 é também útil na interface entre o dedo do cirurgião e o gatilho 34 (figura 12).
[0088] Em uma extremidade pressão da presente concretização, o revestimento de toque suave 550 apresenta um durômetro (dureza) que varia de cerca de 35 Shore A acerca de 75 Shore A, e, mais particularmente, cerca de 50 Shore A acerca de 50 Shore A. Tais materiais apropriados encontram-se disponíveis pela LNP of Exton, PA (estoque no. 8211-55 B100 GYO-826-3) e pela Advanced Elastomer Systems of Akron, OH (estoque no. 8211-55B100).
[0089] O material de toque suave pode também ser útil para ajudar o cirurgião a identificar uma característica específica do instrumento enquanto o cirurgião está focado na operação disponível. Por exemplo, um toque suave apresentando uma interface de contorno pode ser aplicado ao botão max, e um toque suave apresentando uma segunda interface de contorno pode ser aplicado ao botão min, de modo que o cirurgião possa facilmente reconhecer a presença de cada botão sem ter que perder o foco do local cirúrgico. O toque suave pode também ser implementado nos botões 29 e 129 sem contornos para identificar várias posições de rotação do formador de extremidade 81.
[0090] Enquanto a presente invenção foi ilustrada pela descrição das diversas concretizações, não é intenção da requerente restringir ou limitar o espírito e o escopo das reivindicações anexas a tal detalhe. Inúmeras variações, mudanças e substituições irão ocorrer
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44/44 àquele versado na técnica sem se afastar do escopo da invenção. Além disso, a estrutura de cada elemento associado com a presente invenção pode ser alternativamente descrita como um meio para prover a função executada pelo elemento. Conseqüentemente, pretende-se que a invenção seja limitada apenas pelo espírito e escopo das reivindicações anexas.
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Claims (17)
- REIVINDICAÇÕES1. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, que compreende:um alojamento compreendendo um atuador;um tubo externo (72) apresentando uma extremidade proximal ligada ao alojamento, e uma extremidade distal;um elemento atuador reciprocamente posicionado dentro do tubo externo (72) e operativamente conectado ao atuador uma guia de onda ultra-sônica (80) apresentando uma extremidade proximal e uma extremidade distal definindo um eixo longitudinal e adicionalmente posicionados dentro do tubo externo (72);uma lâmina (79) ultra-sonicamente acionada conectada à extremidade distal da guia de onda (80);um primeiro coxim para tecido e um segundo coxim para tecido; e caracterizado por compreender adicionalmente um membro de pinça (60) conectado a extremidade distal do tubo externo (72) e tendo um braço de aperto (56) tendo uma extremidade distal e uma extremidade proximal, uma primeira fenda posicionada na extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma primeira forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, e uma segunda fenda posicionada na extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma segunda forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, e a primeira fenda configurada para engatar com o primeiro coxim para tecido e a segunda fenda configurada para engatar o segundo coxim para tecido e em que a primeira forma de seção transversal é diferente da segunda forma de seção transversal.
- 2. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o braço dePetição 870180015313, de 26/02/2018, pág. 50/592/5 aperto (56) adicionalmente compreende um par de aberturas para receber uma haste (80) pivotavelmente montada adjacente à extremidade distal do tubo externo (72), e um par de pinos de pivoteamento (35, 36) para operativamente engatar o membro de atuador.
- 3. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que a haste (80) de pivotamento é soldada no tubo externo (72).
- 4. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) é de 105% a 120% maior do que a altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) na primeira localização da primeira fenda.
- 5. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) é de 108% a 113% maior do que altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) em uma localização da primeira fenda.
- 6. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de pinça é de 110% maior do que a altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda.
- 7. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o braço de aperto (56) compreende um elemento de batente.
- 8. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda é menor que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da segunda fenda.Petição 870180015313, de 26/02/2018, pág. 51/593/5
- 9. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, que compreende:um alojamento;um tubo externo (72) apresentando uma extremidade proximal ligada ao alojamento, e uma extremidade distal;uma guia de onda ultra-sônica (80) apresentando uma extremidade proximal e uma extremidade distal definindo um eixo longitudinal e adicionalmente posicionados dentro do tubo externo (72);uma lâmina (79) ultra-sonicamente acionada conectada à extremidade distal da guia de onda (80);um primeiro coxim para tecido e um segundo coxim para tecido; e caracterizado pelo fato de compreender adicionalmente um membro de pinça (60) conectado a extremidade distal do tubo externo (72) e tendo um braço de aperto (56) tendo uma extremidade distal e uma extremidade proximal, uma primeira fenda posicionada na extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma primeira forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, e uma segunda fenda posicionada na extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma segunda forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, a primeira fenda configurada para engatar com o primeiro coxim para tecido e a segunda fenda configurada para engatar o segundo coxim para tecido e em que a primeira forma de seção transversal é diferente da segunda forma de seção transversal.
- 10. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que o braço de aperto (56) adicionalmente compreende um par de aberturas para receber uma haste (80) pivotavelmente montada adjacente à extremidade distal do tubo externo (72), e um par de pinos dePetição 870180015313, de 26/02/2018, pág. 52/594/5 acionamento para operativamente engatar o membro de atuador.
- 11. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 10, caracterizado pelo fato de que a haste (80) de pivotamento é soldada no braço de aperto (56).
- 12. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) é de 105% a 120% maior do que a altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda.
- 13. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) é de 108% a 113% maior do que altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) em uma localização da primeira fenda.
- 14. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura da extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) é de 110% maior do que a altura da extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda.
- 15. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda é menor que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da segunda fenda.
- 16. Aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, que compreende:um alojamento;um tubo externo (72) apresentando uma extremidade proximal ligada ao alojamento, e uma extremidade distal;uma guia de onda ultra-sônica (80) apresentando uma extremidade proximal e uma extremidade distal definindo um eixoPetição 870180015313, de 26/02/2018, pág. 53/595/5 longitudinal e adicionalmente posicionados dentro do tubo externo (72);uma lâmina (79) ultra-sonicamente acionada conectada à extremidade distal da guia de onda (80);um membro de pinça (60) conectado a extremidade distal do tubo externo (72) e tendo um braço de aperto (56) tendo uma extremidade distal, uma primeira fenda posicionada na extremidade distal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma primeira forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, e uma segunda fenda posicionada na extremidade proximal do braço de aperto (56) que define uma segunda forma de seção transversal em uma direção perpendicular ao eixo longitudinal, em que a primeira forma de seção transversal é diferente da segunda forma de seção transversal.
- 17. Coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico, de acordo com a reivindicação 16, caracterizado pelo fato de que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da primeira fenda é menor que a altura do braço de aperto (56) na localização da segunda fenda.Petição 870180015313, de 26/02/2018, pág. 54/59 • ·· $2/33 σ>/ 7 to - ' / cnOLl.zL/ * · ·
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| US60/676,709 | 2005-05-02 | ||
| PCT/US2005/036389 WO2006042210A2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2005-10-07 | Ultrasonic surgical instrument |
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| BRPI0518171A BRPI0518171A (pt) | 2008-11-04 |
| BRPI0518171B1 true BRPI0518171B1 (pt) | 2018-06-05 |
| BRPI0518171B8 BRPI0518171B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
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| BRPI0518171A BRPI0518171B8 (pt) | 2004-10-08 | 2005-10-07 | aparelho coagulador de pinça ultra-sônico |
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| US (13) | US20060079879A1 (pt) |
| EP (2) | EP1802245B8 (pt) |
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| AU (1) | AU2005295010B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0518171B8 (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2582520C (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2598134T3 (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX2007004151A (pt) |
| PL (1) | PL1802245T3 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2006042210A2 (pt) |
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| US10820920B2 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2020-11-03 | Ethicon Llc | Reusable ultrasonic medical devices and methods of their use |
| US10561436B2 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2020-02-18 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument use indicator |
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2005
- 2005-10-07 ES ES05818040.7T patent/ES2598134T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-07 PL PL05818040T patent/PL1802245T3/pl unknown
- 2005-10-07 MX MX2007004151A patent/MX2007004151A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-10-07 US US11/246,826 patent/US20060079879A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-07 US US11/246,794 patent/US7544200B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-07 EP EP05818040.7A patent/EP1802245B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-07 US US11/246,330 patent/US7846155B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-07 CN CN2005800343956A patent/CN101035482B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-07 JP JP2007535884A patent/JP5009159B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-07 US US11/246,384 patent/US20060079877A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-07 US US11/246,264 patent/US8057467B2/en active Active
- 2005-10-07 US US11/245,819 patent/US20060079874A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-07 BR BRPI0518171A patent/BRPI0518171B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-10-07 EP EP16180205.3A patent/EP3162309B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-10-07 WO PCT/US2005/036389 patent/WO2006042210A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-07 AU AU2005295010A patent/AU2005295010B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-07 CA CA2582520A patent/CA2582520C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-05-19 US US12/468,130 patent/US20090223033A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2010
- 2010-04-16 US US12/761,431 patent/US8715306B2/en active Active
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2011
- 2011-06-03 JP JP2011124975A patent/JP5738683B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-06-03 JP JP2011124957A patent/JP5341138B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-06-03 JP JP2011124991A patent/JP5296145B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2014
- 2014-05-05 US US14/269,546 patent/US9901359B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2018
- 2018-02-26 US US15/904,828 patent/US11006971B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-06 US US15/947,433 patent/US10537352B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2019
- 2019-09-23 US US16/578,798 patent/US20200085466A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2020
- 2020-06-24 US US16/910,654 patent/US20200323551A1/en not_active Abandoned
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