CA2898304A1

CA2898304A1 - Multifunctional motorized box and landing pad for automatic drone package delivery

Info

Publication number: CA2898304A1
Application number: CA2898304A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Simon Tremblay; Eric Bharucha
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Quantium Systems Inc
Priority date: 2015-07-23
Filing date: 2015-07-23
Publication date: 2017-01-23
Anticipated expiration: 2035-07-23
Also published as: US20170073085A1; US20190367184A1; US10377507B2; CA3060808A1; CA2898304C; CA3060808C

Abstract

The invention consists of an actuated box and navigation aid for automatic delivery by unmanned vehicles (UAV) or drones. It also incorporates delivery information via the web linking orders, enclosure status, package specific drone homing signals, delivery confirmations and more. This system incorporates a novel and effective means for providing a standardized and predicable area for safe landing during delivery by functionalized drones. It also secures the package from theft, vandalism, animals and the weather and provides features necessary for air-traffic management.

Description

Description FIELD
The present document relates to systems providing a standardized landing zone for an autonomous and/or remotely piloted unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) as well as securing the delivered package in an efficient means. It is also suggest a method for necessary regulation of drone traffic by managing emergency situations (unexpected low battery, requests to land due to mechanical problems or bad weather) and monitoring the current air traffic.
BACKGROUND
The economic sector of package delivery has undergone steady growth since the birth of online commerce. People increasingly rely on punctual delivery for urgent orders which leads to increased ground delivery. In cities where the majority of the world population now lives, there is the prospect of a new delivery means. Given that high population density in these urban areas leads to shorter delivery distance: the use of drone delivery is desirable and makes sense economically. The paradigm applies to consumer goods ranging from daily necessities, take-out and medical supplies for example.
It will be also desirable that the goods to be delivered are as near as possible to the customer such that the drone is not blocked from ground level traffic constraints and because the drone has limited cargo lift capability when compared to ground truck delivery. The drone is thus better suited for point-to-point delivery of small packages.
To achieve this, the drone delivery operation must comply with the following requirements:
- A landing pad that predicable in size and clear from any object - Provide a mean for the drone to remain above ground which is less prone to accident with animal, children, people and other moving objects.
- The landing area is not buried in snow, sand, ash or other debris can be blown by winds.
- Allows operation in areas with frost, snow or rain and high temperature.
- Provides theft security and neighbor discretion about a package arrival when used in private home setting.
- Provides a way of keeping the delivered product in a controlled environment, especially when food, medicine or perishable goods are delivered. The system protects the received package from the elements and an optionally controls the enclosures internal temperature. The holding conditions being compatible with the order's optimal storage properties.
- All this is autonomous in operation.
- Provide electrical power to the drone; allowing it to charge its on board batteries and thus increase its accessible range.
In a broader view, allowing simultaneously multiples drones flight in an area requires some control features needed by an aviation control agencies:
- Provide a safe landing zone with possible recharge in situations when the drone cannot maintain the established flight plan.
- Allow a means of managing and monitoring air traffic to avoid collisions and ensuring that air traffic safety rules are followed.
- Detecting the use of unidentified/unlicensed drones and having a means of tracking down the operator by law enforcement.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
1. Prior to usage, the customer (100) first registers his system with delivery companies (104) his landing box with its ID along and its GPS coordinates acquired via a cellular phone, a tablet or a computer (101) or via the embedded GPS
receiver if equipped (106 & 122). Then connects the box to a standard power source. The box has posts for yard installation (fig 1) and anchors for balcony use.
Standardized clearances must be respected. The box may itself communicate to the delivery company this information when enabled for internet access through the user's private wireless communication (WiFi, cellular or other) (105, 126 &
127).

2. The box has retractable flaps (110) that serve a dual function of protective cover when closed; and as a landing pad when opened (fig 2). To achieve this, when closed, some parts of the flaps face downward in the box. Many embodiments of the flaps are possible. Depending on the mechanical flap configuration, an optional, extensible material can be use between flaps to provide a continuous sealed area when deployed.

3. A motorized mechanism (110, 111 & 118) is responsible of moving the flaps from open to close state and it is commanded by an embedded electronics or computer (from fig 1 to fig 2 state). Such mechanisms can be either centralized in the box or can be independent for each flap.

4. Each flap on the landing pad side has one or many non corrosive electrodes (116) that link safely to an in-drone battery charger. The drone could use non corrosive conductive landing gear to make contact. The spacing and placement between electrode groups is constructed in a manner that allows at least two different polarity/phase contacts for -ny drone landing position for a standardized landing pad distance. Electrodes can have many form, dots, line mesh or continuous surfaces and may be spring loaded. Charge can be enabled upon drone request ('CHARGES'). Alternately charging may be via an inductive link.

5. The current limited source (128) can be DC or AC with two or more electrical phases for allowing in-drone charging. This allows charging even if only two electrodes make contact (116). If more than two make contact, the greater the current may be delivered by unit of time. The current limiter may also incorporate a ground fault detector to prevent electric shock to users or bystanders.

6. Optionally, each landing gear may have a coil, a magnet or a ferromagnetic material. A coil or magnet is placed in various locations in the flap for allowing firm contact while charging and magnetically ties (117) the drone to the landing pad to prevent a fall from high winds or an impact. The magnetic tie down system can also be used by the drone upon landing and started upon its command by a drone message (11E'). Alternately mechanically actuated anchoring may be used.

7. Lights are placed on the edges of the flaps (109) and in the box and serve as an optical guide for the drone to make the final landing approach thus allowing efficient night time operation with the drone camera. Optionally, some of these luminous indicators may be placed inside the box and their covering parts on the flaps shall then be made transparent allowing light to flow out.

8. The lights (109) may be pulsed by the controller (121) in a binary manner which allows for the drone via simple optical sensor or camera use to capture the box's ID and status. Color change.; may also be utilized as to enhance guidance or as communications. Non visible light (infrared or UV) may also be used instead or in addition to visible light.

9. Depending on the system communication and availability, the box is able to exchange communication messages either directly by a RF transceiver (119 &
124) or by a wireless communication & internet (105,126 & 127).

10. Complimentarily, the box may have a RF transceiver (119) that can transmit a message stack (124) continuously in addition to apersiodical ID and status.
The status is used to assist the drone's (107) navigation while searching for the box and making a landing approach. The said transceiver may be composed of directional antennas to further enhance navigation.

11. The box may also be fitted with a multiplicity of wireless transceivers (127) (RF, WiFi, cellular or other) that can exchange messages with the drone using internet, cellular or another common global network.

12. To allow a box open for landing, it receives the message key or token from the drone. This key may be encrypted. If the matching key is provided then the flaps open and the box status changes from 'IDLE' to 'OPENING' and the status is broadcast to the drone. When opened completely it then broadcasts a 'READY' state indicating to the drone (107) that the pad is available for landing. For enhanced security, the computer might detect that all the flaps are correctly deployed in the landing pad configuration by the means of one or many sensor (111).

13. In the case that the wrong key has been given to the box, an message is broadcast along with visual light indications informing the drone that the wrong box has been selected, this allows it to move on to a different target.

14. Once the drone has landed, the package deposited and the drone clear the pad, the drone sends a "Done" message to the box.

15. The controller (121) then changes its status to 'CLOSING'. When the flaps close the package falls to the bottom or onto the previous package inside the box, when completed it broadcasts the delivery status in the 'NOTIFY' state, then returns to the 'IDLE' state.

16. Optionally and if authorized in user settings, the box may accept an opening request and provide a recharge service to an in-transit drone that needs power.
Using the previous stated procedure but using a RF universal "Emergency" or "Charge message" pass key. Box ID & Drone ID & status are updated via the drone's communication link. Depending of the delivery system software configuration, the user may be credited for this event. Also, the user may deny this, in that situation the box will reply a denied message following such a drone request.

17. The drone relays information to delivery company's central computing system (104) which informs both parties on the delivery status.

18. A level sensor detects (115) the current package level inside the box.

19. As previously mentioned, the box can be linked to the internet via WiFi or other wireless means (105, 126 & 127). Access to the cloud allowing real-time delivery tracking, system ID, status, box fill level and delivery tracking information.
The system operates independently despite network connection being unavailable.

20. A temperature sensor and optionally a humidity sensor (113) detect frost conditions and starts a periodic or programmed defrost heating cycle to prevent mechanical failure of the box opening system.

21. A temperature sensor (113) with a heating or cooling element (112) is also used to keep the interior of the box at a required temperature until the box is emptied.
The required temperature add the control duration limit are sent by the delivery companies (104) via the drone (107) or the wireless communication (105) when delivering the package.

22. The box has an electronic and/or mechanical key (114 & 123) allowing opening of the box package retrieval. All accesses made are logged by the device (125);
more than one user may have access.

23. Mechanisms for the removal or melting of snow and dust (108) may be optionally integrated in the form of compressed air jet or heating elements integrated into the surface.

24. The box may have a display (109) for showing the user current package level and status.

25. The RF drone's ID and RF power spectrum may serve to regulate air traffic in a centralized manner. The box could be equipped with wide band RF spectrum analyzer/scanner (119 & 120) that can report to aviation regulation agency (103) the RF power spectrum surrounding the box and also all standard drone ID and RF
power data through a local WiFi or wireless connection (105, 126 & 127). The agency then has access to all boxes data from different spatial locations, thus allowing triangulations of both identified (by ID) and unidentified (by RF
spectrum usage) drone signature and positions. This allows real-time monitoring and possible signature requests from an agency's command center. Also, real-time and historical positioning data that can be used by law enforcement in the case of an illegal usage of drones.

26. A more complete box behavior is depicted using the state diagrams in fig 4. The box is initially delivered in an 'UNCONFIGURED' state as it waits for data user (100) inputs from a computer, cellular or tablet (101) via the wireless link (105) (GPS
position confirmation, customer ID, preferences, etc). When the information is received and accepted by the delivery company (104), the box is set to an 'IDLE' using similar means. For all status broadcasts the box ID and status are sent via local RF (119), the same information along with the local RF spectrum are sent (126) via the wireless network (127) when available. In the 'IDLE' state only, the box listens for a drone message (Drone key) or a user input (User key). Upon reception of a valid key, it goes into the 'OPENING' state and checks flaps movement progression. When flaps are confirmed to be fully extended, the status progresses to 'READY' (if it was trigged by a drone) or to 'USER OPEN' (if triggered by a user key). In the 'READY' state, the drone is assisted by the box in its final approach by both lights (109) and by RF signals (119). Once it as landed, or prior to arrival, the drone may request the states 'TIE' (117) then 'CHARGE' (116). The drone may leave the package and when it has taken off it sends a "Done"
message which makes the box go into the 'CLOSING' state. If any error occurs during the OPENING or CLOSING states, the box retries then it enters a 'FAILURE' status if it cannot complete. The 'NOTIFY' state sends a message to both delivery company (104) and user (100) aboutlhe delivery and the box status. If a 'FAILURE' state occurs the box is set to the 'UNAVAILABLE' state rather than 'IDLE'. The user can toggle between those two states ('UNAVAILABLE', 'IDLE') from a user key (114) or from a computer, cellular or tablet (101) using the wireless link (105).

Claims

Claims What is claimed is:
A computer controlled box system comprising:

1. An automated retraceable landing pad that provides predictable, clean and secure landing area for delivery drones that protects the said delivered package inside an enclosure and keeps it in the interior of the enclosure for release to the owner.

2. An automated retraceable landing pad that allows the package to be deposited gently into the box while closing.

3. An automated communication system allowing final destination honing, approach opening and closing of a destination storage compartment by an authorized drone with request and authorization encrypted keys. The said communication systems may be implemented with RF, ultrasonic, light emission, laser or other medium.

4. Landing pad flaps that provides a safe electrical power source for the landing craft.
Power may be transferred by electrode contact, inductively, by other radiative media or battery swapping operations.

5. Optical, or audio, visual (camera) or RF communication established between the approaching drone and the receptacle box using for example pulsed and/or color changing lights at the landing pad.

6. An optional landing pad with mechanical or magnetic anchoring systems that allows anchoring of the drone tie the drone on the landing pad while charging.

7. An optional receptacle box's interior that is cooled and/or heated maintaining temperature within an optimal range for perishable goods.

8. An optional temperature and optional humidity sensor for initiating a defrost cycles in areas that have temperature below 0 Celsius ambient temperatures.

9. Comprising a communication system that sends a confirmation of delivery to the drone and a delivery status to the customer.

10. Has a led or display providing a visual cue showing that that a package has been received and is held inside the box.

11. An optional backup batten/ and or solar panels built into the flaps for auxiliary power allowing operation in the case of power outage.

12. Flaps that may have different colors on the roof side and on the landing side allowing camera localization by the drone.

13. A coded picture (like a QR code) may be placed on the landing side of the flap providing redundant means of identification.

14. An RF spectrum analyzer that detects drone ID with RF power which are transmitted periodically by WiFi or other wireless means to an aviation control agency allowing air space management and spatial tracking of illegal air space use.