CH312504A - Process for the production of a gel-forming organophilic clay. - Google Patents
Process for the production of a gel-forming organophilic clay.Info
- Publication number
- CH312504A CH312504A CH312504DA CH312504A CH 312504 A CH312504 A CH 312504A CH 312504D A CH312504D A CH 312504DA CH 312504 A CH312504 A CH 312504A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- clay
- bentonite
- gel
- organic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WREBNDYJJMUWAO-LWYYNNOASA-N [(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthren-1-yl]methanamine Chemical compound NC[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CCC(C(C)C)=C3)C3=CC[C@H]21 WREBNDYJJMUWAO-LWYYNNOASA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100490437 Mus musculus Acvrl1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCl BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/1305—Organic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/14—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions inorganic compounds surface treated with organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
- C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/08—Solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Description
<B>Zusatzpatent</B> zum Hauptpatent N r. 305116. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gelbildenden organophilen Tones. Im I1 uptpatent wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organophilen Tones be schrieben, der ein Gel bildet und in organi- sehen Lösungsmitteln dispergierbar ist.
In der Natur vorkommende Tone mit basenaustauschenden Eigenschaften sind ge wöhnlich Salze eines komplexen Silikats mit anorganischen Basen, wie Alkalien und Erd alkalien. Bestimmte kolloidale Tone, insbeson dere Natriumbentonite, quellen, wenn sie in Wasser gelegt werden, auf das Vielfache ihres Trockenvolumens an und bilden hierbei Gele von grosser Diekflüssigkeit. Wenn die disper- gierten Teilchens eines'Tones nach Art des Ben- tonits mit gewissen organischen Verbindungen umgesetzt werden,
wird die Oberfläche der Tonteilchen im wesentlichen organophil, und die sich ergebenden modifizierten Tonverbin dungen bilden mit organischen Flüssigkeiten praktisch verwertbare Gele, Pasten und hoch pastöse Flüssigkeiten.
Es ist bereits bekannt, dass ein Ton nach Art des Bentonits mit einer organischen Base zur Reaktion gebracht werden kann, so dass das Tonkation durch ein Kation der organi schen Verbindung ersetzt. wird. Ursprünglieli waren derartige Bentonite mit organischen Basen Verbindungen starker, titrierbarer Ba sen und von einer Beschaffenheit, die sie zur Verwendung als medizinische Präparate zur Behandlung des Darmes oder der Eingeweide geeignet machte,
zum Beispiel !Strichninben- tonit. Diese bisher vorgeschlagenen Produkte hatten jedoch keinen merklichen organophilen Charakter, so dass sie keine beträchtlichen gelbildenden Eigenschaften in organischen Flüssigkeiten, zum Beispiel Nitrobenzol, zeig ten. Sie quellen auch in derartigen Flüssig keiten nicht an.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden. Erfindung be steht darin, ein abgewandeltes Tonprodukt zu schaffen, das hohe organophile Eigenschaften zeigt, so dass es in organischen Flüssigkeiten einen ausgesprochenen Gelcharakter hat.
Gemäss dieser Erfindung wird das Kation des abgewandelten organophilen 'Tones durch das Abietylammoniumion ersetzt, zweckmässig in einer solchen Menge, die ausreichend ist, um einen Onium-Ton zu bilden, von welchem zwei Gramm in einer organischen Flüssigkeit, zum Beispiel Nitrobenzol, mindestens zu zwanzig Millilitern anquellen.
Es handelt sich also um die Herstellung eines abgewandelten Tones von hochorgano- philer Natur, wobei die Abwandlung darin besteht, da.ss ein grosser Teil der Oberfläche der Tonteilchen mit organischen Radikalen besetzt ist, welche mit dem Ton durch Ionen austausch vermittels der Oniumbase verbun den sind.
Das Produkt stellt eine pulverförmige, mit organischen Flüssigkeiten gelartig quellbar e Substanz dar. Es dient als Material zur Er- höhung der Konsistenz von organischen Sy stemen, welche flüssigen Charakter besitzen, beispielsweise als Verdickungsmittel für Schmierfette, als Zusatz zur Hervorrufimg der Thixotropie, zur Verhinderung des Ab setzens von Farbpigmenten, zur Verdickung von Kitten und Mastix, als Verstärkungs mittel für Wachse usw.
Gemäss einer beispielsweisen praktischen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der abgewandelte Ton dadurch hergestellt werden, dass die organische Base durch Zusatz einer Säure, wie Salzsäure oder Essigsäure, die in Wasser gelöst ist, in die Salzform überge führt wird, worauf die Oniumverbindung zu einer wässerigen Dispersion des Bentonits ge geben wird.
Im allgemeinen wird die Onium- verbindung in einem Verhältnis von 100 Milli- äquivalenten je 100 g Ton verwendet. Es ist jedoch nicht erforderlich, dass das hergestellte Produkt einen vollständigen Austausch des anorganischen Kations durch die organophile Oniumbase zeigt. In den meisten Fällen tritt schnelle und vollständige Ausflockung ein, worauf die ausgefällte Verbindung gewa schen, filtriert -und beispielsweise mittels Luft getrocknet wird.
Dank seiner geringen durehschnitt.liehen Teilchengrösse und seiner hohen basenaustau- sehenden Eigenschaft ist Bentonit., der in Wasser stark quillt, ein besonders geeignetes Material.
Der im folgenden verwendete Aus druck Bentonit schliesst Montmorillonit, näm lich Natrium-, Kalium-, Lithium- und andere Bentonite ein, wie Wyomingbentonit, Magne- siumbentonit, manchmal Hectorit genannt, Saponit, Attapulgit, Illit und F'uller-Erden, soweit sie zur Bentonitgruppe gehören.
Die basenaustauschenden Eigenschaften der ge nannten Tone liegen im Bereich von unge-
EMI0002.0042
Milliäquivalente <SEP> Base <SEP> :50 <SEP> 75 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 7.2'.5 <SEP> 15<B>0</B> <SEP> 200
<tb> Quellung <SEP> in <SEP> Nitrobenzol <SEP> in <SEP> Millilitern <SEP> 23 <SEP> 13 <SEP> 88 <SEP> 6:5 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 3 <SEP> 7 Die Wirkung eines organischen Radikals, das an der Oberfläche des Tones befestigt ist, auf das Quellen einer 2-g-Probe in Nitro benzol ist in der folgenden Tabelle gezeigt.
In jedem Falle wurden 100 g Wyomingben-
EMI0002.0046
Zahl <SEP> der <SEP> Kohlenstoffatome <SEP> in <SEP> der <SEP> Aminkette <SEP> 4 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 8 <SEP> ?.0 <SEP> 1? <SEP> 18
<tb> Quelling <SEP> in <SEP> Nitrobenzol <SEP> in <SEP> Millilitern <SEP> 5 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 8 <SEP> 36 <SEP> 88 <SEP> 88 fähr 40 bis 120 Milliäquivalenten je 100 Ton.
Organophile Tonprodukte, welche Oniuni- basen mit Alkt-1- und Arylradikalen enthal ten, können zur Prüfung der W irksain- keit des organischen Kations dadurch unter sneht werden, dass der Ton dur eh. langsames Hinzufügen von 2 g des pulverisierten Pro duktes zu einem organischen Lösungsmittel wie Nitrobenzol in einen hochorganophilen Zustand gebracht wird.
Dabei wird dein ab,.-e- wandelten Ton die Möglichkeit gegeben, Je nach der Verschiedenheit des Grades der Be netzung und der Geschwindigkeit, mit welcher das maximale Gelvolumen erreicht wird, dureb Stehenlassen bis zu v ierundzwanzie Stunden beliebige Wengen der Flüssigkeit \aufzuneh- inen und zu einem bestimmten sichtbaren Vo lumen anzuquellen. Dieses Untersuchungsver fahren, durch welches der Grad der Löslich keit bestimmt, wird, hängt von mehreren Fak toren ab, u. a. von 1.
dem Ausmasse, in wel ehem die Oberfläche der Tonteilchen mit organischen .Stoffen bedeckt ist, 2. dem Grade der Sättigung der basenaustauschendenFähig-- keit. des Tones durch organische Kationen, @, der Art der Löseflüssigkeit.
(nämlich polar oder niclit-polar usw.) und von andern Fak toren. - 'Tvpisclie Vergleichswerte der oben --e- nannten Art eines Dodecvlammoniuinbentoni- tes, bei dem das Verhältnis des Amins zum Bentonit variiert wurde, sind in der folgen den Tabelle wiedergegeben, und zwar ist das Quellen einer 2-g-Probe in Nitrobenzol in Millilitern angegeben.
Diese Weite sind aueli ty pisch für Abiet.ylammoniumbentonit tonit mit 100 Milliäquivalenten eines primä ren Amins mit gerader Kette und der an gegebenen Zahl von Kohlenstoffatomen zur Reaktion gebracht: Aus obenstehendem ergibt sich, dass der abgewandelte Ton, der weniger als zehn Koh- lenstoffatome in der geraden Kette seiner organischen Radikale hat, keine wesentlichen Geleigenschaften in einer organischen Flüssig keit zeigt.
Sobald jedoch die Zahl der Kohlen- stoffatome in der geraden Kette an zehn herankommt oder darüber hinaus geht, ist eine deutliche Erhöhung des Quellens fest zustellen.
Wenn ein Gel hergestellt. werden soll, (las frei von Schleifmitteln ist, ist es vor teilhaft, in einer verdünnten wässerigen Di spersion des Tones die Verunreinigungen ab sitzen zu lassen oder sie durch Zentrifu gieren zu entfernen. Wenn die im Ton vor handenen Verunreinigungen ohne Nachteil sind, kann es anderseits auch ausreichen, den troekenen 'Ton einfach zu einer Lösung hinzu zufügen, die genügend Aminsalz enthält, um mehr oder weniger vollständig dureh Basen- austauscll mit dem Ton zu reagieren.
Im folgenden werden nunmehr verschie dene Beispiele zur Veranschaulichung der Erfindung beschrieben. <I>Beispiel 2:</I> 27:50 g Wyomingbentonit werden in 70 Li ter Wasser dispergiert. Man lässt die ent standene Aufsehwelnmung zwei .Stunden lang Stehen, damit sich alle nicht aus Ton beste henden Verunreinigungen absetzen können. Ungefähr 10<B>%</B> des Bentonitgewichtes werden durch Dekantieren verworfen. 1475 g Abietyl- ammoniumazetat werden in 4 Liter warmem Wasser aufgelöst.
Nach dem Zusatz der Oniumsa.1zlösimg zu dem Bentonitgemisch I ritt Ausfloekung ein, und der Niederschlag wird filtriert, gewaschen, getrocknet und pul verisiert.. Die erhaltene Abietylammonium- bentonit-Verbindung disperb ertinzahlreichen organischen Flüssigkeiten unter Bildung echter Gele.
Beispiel 2750 g Wyomingbentonit werden in 70 Li ter Wasser dispergiert. Man lässt die ent standene Aufschwemmung zwei Stunden lang stehen, damit sich alle nicht aus Ton be stehenden Verunreinigungen absetzen können. Ungefähr 10 % des Bentonitgewichtes werden durch Dekantieren verworfen. 150g Eisessig werden zu 95'5 g Abietylamin hinzugefügt, und das gebildete Oniumsalz wird in 4 Liter warmem Wasser aufgelöst.
Nach dem Zusatz der Oniumsalzlösung zu dem Bentonitgemisch tritt Ausflockung ein, und der Niederschlag wird filtriert, gewaschen, getrocknet und pul verisiert. Die erhaltene Abietylammoniumben- tonit-Verbindung dispergiert in zahlreichen organischen Flüssigkeiten unter Bildung ech ter Gele.
<I>Beispiel 3:</I> 150 g. Eisessig werden zu 955 g Abietyl- amin hinzugefügt und das erhaltene Abietyl- ammoniumazetat in 4 Liter warmem Wasser aufgelöst. '27'50 g Bentonit vom Wyomingtyp werden in<B>7</B>0 Liter Wasser dispergzert. Man lässt das Gemisch zwei .Stunden stehen, so dass sich die aus Ton bestehenden Verunreinigun gen von der dispergierten Tonsuspension ab setzen.
Darauf wird die Abietylammonium- azetatlösung zu dem dispergierten Bentonit- gemiseh hinzugefügt, worauf der Onium- bentonit ausflockt. Der Niederschlag wird fil triert, gewaschen, getrocknet und pulverisiert.
Das gewonnene modifizierte Tonprodukt hat eine ausgesprochene organophile Natur. Werden 150 g des Abietylammoniumbentonits zu 1000 g Trikresylphosphat hinzugegeben, so tritt Quellen ein, und es entsteht ein durch scheinendes braunes Gel, das nach dem Durch gang durch eine Dreiwalzenmühle eine Paste von der Konsistenz des Vaselins liefert. Diese Paste zeigt einen .Flammpunkt von etwa ?50 C und verliert bis ungefähr 400 C nicht ihre flüssige Phase. Das Material ist daher als Schmiermittel für hohe Temperaturen sehr geeignet.
Es kann auch als Dichtungsmasse in Zündvorrichtungen von Flugzeugtriebwer ken Verwendung finden, da selbst bei Span nungen von 31000, Volt keile Überschlag auf tritt. Nach weiterer Verdünnung mit Trikre- sylphosphat kann der Stoff wegen seiner zwischen minus 40 und plus 3'50 'C flachen Viskositätskurve als hydraulische Flüssigkeit Verwendung finden.
<B> Additional patent </B> to main patent no. 305116. Process for the production of a gel-forming organophilic clay. The I1 uptpatent describes a process for the production of an organophilic clay which forms a gel and can be dispersed in organic solvents.
Naturally occurring clays with base-exchanging properties are usually salts of a complex silicate with inorganic bases, such as alkalis and alkaline earths. Certain colloidal clays, in particular sodium bentonites, swell when they are placed in water to a multiple of their dry volume and form gels of great liquidity. When the dispersed particles of a clay are reacted with certain organic compounds in the manner of bentonite,
the surface of the clay particles becomes essentially organophilic, and the resulting modified clay compounds form practically usable gels, pastes and highly pasty liquids with organic liquids.
It is already known that a clay of the bentonite type can be reacted with an organic base, so that the clay cation is replaced by a cation of the organic compound. becomes. Originally, such bentonites were compounds of strong, titratable bases with organic bases and of a nature that made them suitable for use as medicinal preparations for the treatment of the intestines or intestines,
for example! line ninetonite. However, these previously proposed products had no noticeable organophilic character, so that they did not show any significant gel-forming properties in organic liquids, for example nitrobenzene. They also do not swell in such liquids.
The aim of the present. Invention be is to create a modified clay product that shows high organophilic properties, so that it has a pronounced gel character in organic liquids.
According to this invention, the cation of the modified organophilic clay is replaced by the abietylammonium ion, expediently in such an amount that is sufficient to form an onium clay, of which two grams in an organic liquid, for example nitrobenzene, at least twenty Swell milliliters.
It is a matter of producing a modified clay of a highly organic nature, the modification consisting in the fact that a large part of the surface of the clay particles is occupied with organic radicals, which are connected to the clay by ion exchange through the onium base are.
The product is a powdery substance that swells like a gel with organic liquids. It serves as a material to increase the consistency of organic systems which have liquid character, for example as a thickener for lubricating greases, as an additive to induce thixotropy, for prevention the deposition of color pigments, to thicken putty and mastic, as a reinforcing agent for waxes, etc.
According to an exemplary practical embodiment of the invention, the modified clay can be produced by converting the organic base into the salt form by adding an acid, such as hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, which is dissolved in water, whereupon the onium compound is converted into an aqueous dispersion of the Bentonite is given.
In general, the onium compound is used in a ratio of 100 milli-equivalents per 100 grams of clay. However, it is not necessary that the product produced show a complete exchange of the inorganic cation by the organophilic onium base. In most cases, rapid and complete flocculation occurs, whereupon the precipitated compound is washed, filtered and dried, for example, by means of air.
Thanks to its small average particle size and its high base-replacing property, bentonite, which swells a lot in water, is a particularly suitable material.
The term bentonite used in the following includes montmorillonite, namely sodium, potassium, lithium and other bentonites such as Wyoming bentonite, magnesium bentonite, sometimes called hectorite, saponite, attapulgite, illite and fuller earths, as far as they are concerned belong to the bentonite group.
The base exchange properties of the clays mentioned are in the range of
EMI0002.0042
Milliequivalents <SEP> Base <SEP>: 50 <SEP> 75 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 7.2'.5 <SEP> 15 <B> 0 </B> <SEP> 200
<tb> Swelling <SEP> in <SEP> nitrobenzene <SEP> in <SEP> milliliters <SEP> 23 <SEP> 13 <SEP> 88 <SEP> 6: 5 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 3 <SEP> 7 The effect of an organic radical attached to the surface of the clay on the swelling of a 2 g sample in nitrobenzene is shown in the following table.
In each case, 100 g of Wyomingben-
EMI0002.0046
Number <SEP> of the <SEP> carbon atoms <SEP> in <SEP> of the <SEP> amine chain <SEP> 4 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 8 <SEP>? .0 <SEP> 1? <SEP> 18
<tb> Source <SEP> in <SEP> nitrobenzene <SEP> in <SEP> milliliters <SEP> 5 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 8 <SEP> 36 <SEP> 88 <SEP> 88 about 40 to 120 milliequivalents each 100 ton.
Organophilic clay products which contain oniuni bases with alk-1 and aryl radicals can be tested to test the effectiveness of the organic cation by adding 2 g of the powdered product to one of the clay by slowly adding 2 g of the powdered product organic solvents such as nitrobenzene is brought into a highly organophilic state.
Your tone, transformed from, is given the opportunity, depending on the difference in the degree of wetting and the speed with which the maximum gel volume is reached, to absorb any amount of the liquid by letting it stand for up to twenty-four hours. in and to a certain visible volume. This investigation method, through which the degree of solubility is determined, depends on several factors, u. a. from 1.
the extent to which the surface of the clay particles was previously covered with organic substances, 2. the degree of saturation of the base-exchange capacity. of the clay by organic cations, @, the nature of the solvent.
(namely polar or niclit-polar etc.) and other factors. - 'Tvpisclie comparative values of the above-mentioned type of a dodecvlammoniuinbentonite, in which the ratio of the amine to the bentonite was varied, are shown in the following table, namely the swelling of a 2 g sample in nitrobenzene in Indicated in milliliters.
These widths are typical for Abiet.ylammonium bentonite tonite with 100 milliequivalents of a primary amine with a straight chain and the given number of carbon atoms: From the above it follows that the modified clay, which contains fewer than ten carbon atoms in the straight chain of its organic radicals has no essential gel properties in an organic liquid.
However, as soon as the number of carbon atoms in the straight chain approaches ten or more, a significant increase in swelling can be observed.
When a gel is made. If it is free of abrasives, it is advisable to let the impurities sit in a dilute aqueous dispersion of the clay or to remove them by centrifugation. If the impurities in the clay are harmless, it can on the other hand it is also sufficient to simply add the dry clay to a solution which contains sufficient amine salt to react more or less completely with the clay by means of base exchange.
In the following, various examples will now be described to illustrate the invention. <I> Example 2: </I> 27:50 g Wyoming bentonite are dispersed in 70 liters of water. The resulting swelling is left to stand for two hours so that any impurities that are not made of clay can settle. About 10% of the bentonite weight is discarded by decanting. 1475 g of abietylammonium acetate are dissolved in 4 liters of warm water.
After the addition of the onium salt solution to the bentonite mixture I, flooding started and the precipitate was filtered, washed, dried and pulverized. The abietylammonium bentonite compound obtained dispersed numerous organic liquids with the formation of real gels.
Example 2750 g of Wyoming bentonite are dispersed in 70 liters of water. The resulting suspension is left to stand for two hours so that all non-clay impurities can settle. About 10% of the bentonite weight is discarded by decanting. 150 g of glacial acetic acid are added to 95.5 g of abietylamine, and the onium salt formed is dissolved in 4 liters of warm water.
After the addition of the onium salt solution to the bentonite mixture, flocculation occurs and the precipitate is filtered, washed, dried and pulverized. The abietylammoniumben- tonite compound obtained disperses in numerous organic liquids to form real gels.
<I> Example 3: </I> 150 g. Glacial acetic acid is added to 955 g of abietylamine and the abietylammonium acetate obtained is dissolved in 4 liters of warm water. '27'50 g of Wyoming type bentonite are dispersed in <B> 7 </B> 0 liters of water. The mixture is left to stand for two hours so that the clay impurities settle from the dispersed clay suspension.
The abietylammonium acetate solution is then added to the dispersed bentonite mixture, whereupon the onium bentonite flocculates. The precipitate is filtered off, washed, dried and pulverized.
The modified clay product obtained has a pronounced organophilic nature. If 150 g of abietylammonium bentonite are added to 1000 g of tricresyl phosphate, swelling occurs and a translucent brown gel is formed which, after passing through a three-roller mill, produces a paste with the consistency of vaseline. This paste has a flash point of approx. 50 C and does not lose its liquid phase up to approx. 400 C. The material is therefore very suitable as a lubricant for high temperatures.
It can also be used as a sealing compound in ignition devices for aircraft engines, since even at voltages of 31,000 volts, flashover occurs. After further dilution with tricresyl phosphate, the substance can be used as a hydraulic fluid because of its flat viscosity curve between minus 40 and plus 3'50 'C.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH305116T | 1950-11-27 | ||
| CH312504T | 1950-11-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH312504A true CH312504A (en) | 1955-12-31 |
Family
ID=25734897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH312504D CH312504A (en) | 1950-11-27 | 1950-11-27 | Process for the production of a gel-forming organophilic clay. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH312504A (en) |
-
1950
- 1950-11-27 CH CH312504D patent/CH312504A/en unknown
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