CN102792802A - Method for modifying soda saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge - Google Patents
Method for modifying soda saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种脱水污泥改良苏打型盐碱土的方法，它涉及改良苏打型盐碱土的方法，本发明要解决现有污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥在处置时会有能耗高、费用高、操作不便、污染大气环境和浪费脱水污泥资源的问题。本发明中一种脱水污泥改良苏打型盐碱土的方法通过如下步骤来实现：一、选地并挖排水沟；二、将城市污水处理厂脱水污泥施加于苏打型盐碱土地上并种植紫花苜宿；三、将紫花苜宿作为绿肥就地翻压于待改良的苏打型盐碱土地上并二次施加城市污水处理厂脱水污泥；四、连续二年重复步骤二和三进行改良，完成对苏打型盐碱土地的改良过程。本发明可应用于城市污水处理工程领域及苏打型盐碱土的改良工程领域。A method for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge, which relates to a method for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil. Inconvenience, air pollution and waste of dewatered sludge resources. In the present invention, a method for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge is realized through the following steps: 1. Select land and dig drainage ditches; 2. Apply dewatered sludge from urban sewage treatment plants to soda-type saline-alkali soil and plant Alfalfa; 3. Use alfalfa as green manure on the soda-type saline-alkali land to be improved and apply dewatered sludge from urban sewage treatment plants for the second time; 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for two consecutive years for improvement , to complete the improvement process of soda-type saline-alkali land. The invention can be applied in the field of urban sewage treatment engineering and the improvement engineering field of soda-type saline-alkali soil.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及改良苏打型盐碱土的方法。The invention relates to a method for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil.
背景技术 Background technique
松嫩平原广泛分布的苏打型盐碱土具有盐化和碱化的双重特性，严重影响了当地的农业生产，并且改良困难，也浪费了宝贵的土地资源。国内外治理盐碱土的历史由来已久，传统的盐碱土改良方法主要有物理改良方法，化学改良方法、生物改良方法。物理改良通过排水冲洗，客土改良、深松土壤、表面覆盖、隔离层等措施改良土壤结构，但往往需要建立投资昂贵的水利工程措施，且用于维护的费用也很高。化学改良主要是利用化学试剂改变土壤胶体吸附性离子的组成，主要是交换引起盐碱化的钠离子，从而改善土壤的理化性质，主要的改良剂有石膏、硫酸亚铁，硫酸铝，腐殖酸类，水溶性聚丙烯酰胺、生理酸性肥等，虽然化学改良法见效快，但是有着工程费用高、效果不能持久等缺点。生物改良被普遍认为是最为有效的途径，生物改良通过农作物种植、植树造林和种植绿肥牧草，扩大地表植被覆盖，逐渐改变土壤的物理特性，同时增加有益微生物种群的数量，但生态环境的恢复需要一个漫长的过程。The soda-type saline-alkali soil widely distributed in the Songnen Plain has dual characteristics of salinization and alkalization, which seriously affects the local agricultural production, makes improvement difficult, and wastes precious land resources. The history of saline-alkali soil treatment at home and abroad has a long history. The traditional saline-alkali soil improvement methods mainly include physical improvement methods, chemical improvement methods, and biological improvement methods. Physical improvement improves the soil structure through measures such as drainage and flushing, guest soil improvement, deep loosening of soil, surface covering, and isolation layer, but often requires the establishment of expensive water conservancy engineering measures, and the cost of maintenance is also high. Chemical improvement mainly uses chemical reagents to change the composition of soil colloidal adsorptive ions, mainly to exchange sodium ions that cause salinization, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The main modifiers are gypsum, ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, humic Acids, water-soluble polyacrylamide, physiological acid fertilizers, etc. Although the chemical improvement method has quick results, it has the disadvantages of high engineering costs and unsustainable effects. Biological improvement is generally considered to be the most effective way. Biological improvement expands surface vegetation coverage through crop planting, afforestation and planting green manure grass, gradually changes the physical characteristics of the soil, and increases the number of beneficial microbial populations. However, the restoration of the ecological environment requires A long process.
利用工业废弃物改良盐碱土壤是近些年来关注的热点，如褐煤矿副产品(含硫酸铁，少量硫磺、石膏及35%的有机质)、煤烟脱硫废渣、磷肥的废渣，或废矿石，粉煤灰、糠醛渣等，不但改良效果较好，也实现了废物的资源化利用。作为的城市污水处理厂副产物剩余污泥正随着污水处理能力的不断增加而日益增加，安全处置剩余污泥已经成为关注的焦点，剩余污泥的土地利用在处置污泥的同时也实现了污泥的资源化，已成为当前污泥处理的研究热点和重要出路。The use of industrial waste to improve saline-alkali soil is a hot spot in recent years, such as lignite mine by-products (containing iron sulfate, a small amount of sulfur, gypsum and 35% organic matter), soot desulfurization waste residue, phosphate fertilizer waste residue, or waste ore, powder Coal ash, furfural slag, etc., not only have a better improvement effect, but also realize the resource utilization of waste. As a by-product of urban sewage treatment plants, surplus sludge is increasing with the continuous increase of sewage treatment capacity. The safe disposal of surplus sludge has become the focus of attention. The land use of surplus sludge has also been realized while disposing of sludge. The recycling of sludge has become a research hotspot and an important way out of sludge treatment.
我国污水处理厂厌氧消化技术并不成熟，而主要的污泥处理方式是机械脱水，大量的脱水污泥的处置存在着诸多问题。目前首选的方法是将脱水污泥经过生物好氧堆肥技术，制成生物有机肥直接用于农田、果园、园林绿化或矿山退化土地的生态修复，但是好氧堆肥技术能耗较高，运行条件控制复杂，因而应用受到限制；其次的方法是填埋处理，此方法由于会造成二次污染因此需要适宜的场地和便利的交通条件，还需要投入大量的运输费用和人工费用，而且由于脱水污泥含水率高，通常为75%~85%，机械操作起来很不方便；再次的方法是焚烧处理，此方法会产生大量的二氧化碳和有毒气体，污染大气环境，不利于环保。The anaerobic digestion technology of my country's sewage treatment plants is not mature, and the main sludge treatment method is mechanical dehydration, and there are many problems in the disposal of a large amount of dewatered sludge. At present, the preferred method is to make bio-organic fertilizer from dewatered sludge through biological aerobic composting technology and directly use it in farmland, orchard, landscaping or ecological restoration of degraded land in mines. The control is complicated, so the application is limited; the second method is landfill treatment, which requires a suitable site and convenient traffic conditions because it will cause secondary pollution, and also needs to invest a lot of transportation costs and labor costs, and due to dehydration pollution The moisture content of mud is high, usually 75%~85%, and it is very inconvenient to operate mechanically; the second method is incineration, which will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide and toxic gases, pollute the atmospheric environment, and is not conducive to environmental protection.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明是要解决现有污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥在处置时会有能耗高、费用高、操作不便、污染大气环境和浪费脱水污泥资源的问题，而提出一种脱水污泥改良苏型打盐碱土的方法。The present invention aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, inconvenient operation, pollution of the atmospheric environment and waste of dewatered sludge resources during the disposal of the dewatered sludge produced by the existing sewage treatment plant, and proposes an improved dewatered sludge The method of making saline-alkali soil with soda type.
本发明中的一种脱水污泥改良苏打型盐碱土的方法按以下步骤进行：A kind of method of dewatering sludge improvement soda type saline-alkali soil in the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
一、选择一块苏打型盐碱土地，平整土地后，分别于该土地的横向和纵向开挖排水沟，横向间隔为5m，纵向间隔为4m，沟宽为8cm~12cm，沟深18cm~22cm，以地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层作为改良土层；1. Select a piece of soda-type saline-alkali land. After leveling the land, excavate drainage ditches in the horizontal and vertical directions of the land respectively, with a horizontal interval of 5m and a vertical interval of 4m. The soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface is used as the improved soil layer;
二、于春季，取城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，风干晾晒至脱水污泥含水量为52%~59%，按9.5kg/m2~11.5kg/m2的施用量，将脱水污泥施加于此苏打型盐碱土地上，采用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层中，然后种植耐盐型绿肥作物紫花苜宿；2. In spring, take the dewatered sludge from the urban sewage treatment plant, air-dry it until the water content of the dewatered sludge is 52%~59%, and apply the dewatered sludge at an application rate of 9.5kg/m 2 ~11.5kg/m 2 On this soda-type saline-alkali land, the dewatered sludge is turned into the soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method, and then the salt-tolerant green manure crop alfalfa is planted;
三、于当年生长季结束前30天进行收割，并将1/8~1/4的紫花苜宿作为绿肥就地翻压，然后再次向此块苏打型盐碱土地施加城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，施用量为4kg/m2~6kg/m2，并用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层中，过冬修养；3. Harvest 30 days before the end of the growing season of the current year, and use 1/8~1/4 of the alfalfa as green manure on the spot, and then apply dewatering sewage from the urban sewage treatment plant to this soda-type saline-alkali land again. Sludge, the application rate is 4kg/m 2 ~6kg/m 2 , and the dewatered sludge is turned into the soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method, and it is repaired in winter;
四、接下来两年，重复步骤二和步骤三，完成对苏打型盐碱土地的改良过程。4. In the next two years, repeat steps 2 and 3 to complete the improvement process of soda-type saline-alkali land.
本发明中的理论基础为①城市污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥富含有效生物能源和绿肥植物生长的必需元素C、H、O、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、B、Mo等，能提高土壤养分，促进植物生长；②绿肥作物施入土壤后，也可直接增加土壤养分，提高土壤保水保肥性能，增强土壤缓冲性，加速脱盐。③污泥中含有有机质、钙离子、腐植酸，聚丙烯酰胺等土壤化学改良物质，可有效降低土壤pH值和交换性钠含量，从而改善土壤的理化性质、促进土壤微团聚体形成，增强土壤持水能力，避免板结；④污泥中的有益微生物菌群可提高土壤微生物活性；⑤污泥改良盐碱土本身是一个相对节能的处理方式，使得污泥重回自然界物质循环，从而减少了对填埋空间的占用和对环境的二次污染。The theoretical basis in the present invention is that 1. the dewatered sludge produced by urban sewage treatment plants is rich in effective bioenergy and essential elements C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu for the growth of green manure plants , Zn, Mn, B, Mo, etc., can increase soil nutrients and promote plant growth; ② After green manure crops are applied to the soil, they can also directly increase soil nutrients, improve soil water and fertilizer retention performance, enhance soil buffering properties, and accelerate desalination. ③The sludge contains organic matter, calcium ions, humic acid, polyacrylamide and other soil chemical improvement substances, which can effectively reduce the soil pH value and exchangeable sodium content, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promoting the formation of soil micro-aggregates, and strengthening the soil water holding capacity and avoid compaction; ④ beneficial microbial flora in sludge can improve soil microbial activity; ⑤ improving saline-alkali soil by sludge itself is a relatively energy-saving treatment method, which allows sludge to return to natural material circulation, thus reducing the impact on Occupation of landfill space and secondary pollution to the environment.
本发明包括以下有益效果：The present invention comprises following beneficial effect:
一、采用本发明方法处理城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，能耗低、费用低、操作方便、对大气环境污染小，且时间短暂；1. Using the method of the present invention to treat the dewatered sludge of urban sewage treatment plants has low energy consumption, low cost, convenient operation, little pollution to the atmospheric environment, and the time is short;
二、利用污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥中含有有机质、钙离子、腐植酸，聚丙烯酰胺等土壤化学改良物质，可有效降低土壤pH值和交换性钠含量，从而改善土壤的理化性质、促进土壤微团聚体形成，增强土壤持水能力，避免板结；2. The dewatered sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant contains organic matter, calcium ions, humic acid, polyacrylamide and other soil chemical improvement substances, which can effectively reduce the soil pH value and exchangeable sodium content, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and promoting The formation of soil micro-aggregates enhances the water holding capacity of the soil and avoids compaction;
三、本方法既改良了苏打型盐碱土，又使得污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥重回自然界物质循环，有效地利用脱水污泥资源，减少了对填埋空间的占用和对环境的二次污染。3. This method not only improves the soda-type saline-alkali soil, but also makes the dewatered sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant return to the natural material cycle, effectively utilizes the dewatered sludge resource, and reduces the occupation of landfill space and the secondary impact on the environment pollute.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
具体实施方式一：本实施方式中的一种脱水污泥改良苏打型盐碱土的方法按以下步骤进行：Specific embodiment one: a kind of method of dewatering sludge improvement soda-type saline-alkali soil in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
一、选择一块苏打型盐碱土地，平整土地后，分别于该土地的横向和纵向开挖排水沟，横向间隔为5m，纵向间隔为4m，沟宽为8cm~12cm，沟深18cm~22cm，以地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层作为改良土层；1. Select a piece of soda-type saline-alkali land. After leveling the land, excavate drainage ditches in the horizontal and vertical directions of the land respectively, with a horizontal interval of 5m and a vertical interval of 4m. The soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface is used as the improved soil layer;
二、于春季，取城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，风干晾晒至脱水污泥含水量为52%~59%，按9.5kg/m2~11.5kg/m2的施用量，将脱水污泥施加于此苏打型盐碱土地上，采用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层中，然后种植耐盐型绿肥作物紫花苜宿；2. In spring, take the dewatered sludge from the urban sewage treatment plant, air-dry it until the water content of the dewatered sludge is 52%~59%, and apply the dewatered sludge at an application rate of 9.5kg/m 2 ~11.5kg/m 2 On this soda-type saline-alkali land, the dewatered sludge is turned into the soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method, and then the salt-tolerant green manure crop alfalfa is planted;
三、于当年生长季结束前30天进行收割，并将1/8~1/4的紫花苜宿作为绿肥就地翻压，然后再次向此块苏打型盐碱土地施加城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，施用量为4kg/m2~6kg/m2，并用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下15cm~20cm之间的土层中，过冬修养；3. Harvest 30 days before the end of the growing season of the current year, and use 1/8~1/4 of the alfalfa as green manure on the spot, and then apply dewatering sewage from the urban sewage treatment plant to this soda-type saline-alkali land again. Sludge, the application rate is 4kg/m 2 ~6kg/m 2 , and the dewatered sludge is turned into the soil layer between the surface and 15cm~20cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method, and it is repaired in winter;
四、接下来两年，重复步骤二和步骤三，完成对苏打型盐碱土地的改良过程。4. In the next two years, repeat steps 2 and 3 to complete the improvement process of soda-type saline-alkali land.
本发明中的理论基础为①城市污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥富含有效生物能源和绿肥植物生长的必需元素C、H、O、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、B、Mo等，能提高土壤养分，促进植物生长；②绿肥作物施入土壤后，也可直接增加土壤养分，提高土壤保水保肥性能，增强土壤缓冲性，加速脱盐。③污泥中含有有机质、钙离子、腐植酸，聚丙烯酰胺等土壤化学改良物质，可有效降低土壤pH值和交换性钠含量，从而改善土壤的理化性质、促进土壤微团聚体形成，增强土壤持水能力，避免板结；④污泥中的有益微生物菌群可提高土壤微生物活性；⑤污泥改良盐碱土本身是一个相对节能的处理方式，使得污泥重回自然界物质循环，从而减少了对填埋空间的占用和对环境的二次污染。The theoretical basis in the present invention is that 1. the dewatered sludge produced by urban sewage treatment plants is rich in effective bioenergy and essential elements C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu for the growth of green manure plants , Zn, Mn, B, Mo, etc., can increase soil nutrients and promote plant growth; ② After green manure crops are applied to the soil, they can also directly increase soil nutrients, improve soil water and fertilizer retention performance, enhance soil buffering properties, and accelerate desalination. ③The sludge contains organic matter, calcium ions, humic acid, polyacrylamide and other soil chemical improvement substances, which can effectively reduce the soil pH value and exchangeable sodium content, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, promoting the formation of soil micro-aggregates, and strengthening the soil water holding capacity and avoid compaction; ④ beneficial microbial flora in sludge can improve soil microbial activity; ⑤ improving saline-alkali soil by sludge itself is a relatively energy-saving treatment method, which allows sludge to return to natural material circulation, thus reducing the impact on Occupation of landfill space and secondary pollution to the environment.
本发明包括以下有益效果：The present invention comprises following beneficial effect:
一、采用本发明方法处理城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，能耗低、费用低、操作方便、对大气环境污染小，且时间短暂；1. Using the method of the present invention to treat the dewatered sludge of urban sewage treatment plants has low energy consumption, low cost, convenient operation, little pollution to the atmospheric environment, and the time is short;
二、利用污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥中含有有机质、钙离子、腐植酸，聚丙烯酰胺等土壤化学改良物质，可有效降低土壤pH值和交换性钠含量，从而改善土壤的理化性质、促进土壤微团聚体形成，增强土壤持水能力，避免板结；2. The dewatered sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant contains organic matter, calcium ions, humic acid, polyacrylamide and other soil chemical improvement substances, which can effectively reduce the soil pH value and exchangeable sodium content, thereby improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and promoting The formation of soil micro-aggregates enhances the water holding capacity of the soil and avoids compaction;
三、本方法既改良了苏打型盐碱土，又使得污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥重回自然界物质循环，有效地利用脱水污泥资源，减少了对填埋空间的占用和对环境的二次污染。3. This method not only improves the soda-type saline-alkali soil, but also makes the dewatered sludge produced by the sewage treatment plant return to the natural material cycle, effectively utilizes the dewatered sludge resource, and reduces the occupation of landfill space and the secondary impact on the environment pollute.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中沟宽为9cm~11cm，沟深19cm~21cm，以地表至地表以下17cm~19cm之间的土层作为改良土层。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step 1, the ditch width is 9cm-11cm, the ditch depth is 19cm-21cm, and the soil layer between the surface and the surface 17cm-19cm is used as the improved soil layer. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中沟宽为10cm，沟深20cm，以地表至地表以下18cm之间的土层作为改良土层。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in step 1, the ditch width is 10 cm, the ditch depth is 20 cm, and the soil layer between the surface and 18 cm below the surface is used as the improved soil layer. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是步骤二中取城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，风干晾晒至脱水污泥含水量为54%~58%。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。Embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from Embodiments 1 to 3 in that in step 2, the dewatered sludge from the urban sewage treatment plant is taken and air-dried until the water content of the dewatered sludge is 54% to 58%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 3.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是步骤二中取城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，风干晾晒至脱水污泥含水量为56%。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。Embodiment 5: This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 3 in that in step 2, the dewatered sludge from the urban sewage treatment plant is taken and air-dried until the water content of the dewatered sludge is 56%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 3.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是步骤二中按10kg/m2~11kg/m2的施用量，将脱水污泥施加于此苏打型盐碱土地上，采用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下17cm~19cm之间的土层中。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 to 4 is that in step 2, the application amount of 10kg/m 2 ~11kg/m 2 is applied to the soda-type saline-alkali soil, Turn the dewatered sludge into the soil layer between the surface and 17cm~19cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the specific embodiments 1 to 4.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是步骤二中按10.5kg/m2的施用量，将脱水污泥施加于此苏打型盐碱土地上，采用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下18cm之间的土层中。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。Specific embodiment seven: the difference between this embodiment and one of the specific embodiments one to four is that in step 2, the application rate of 10.5kg/ m2 is used to apply the dewatered sludge to the soda-type saline-alkali land, and mechanical mixing is used Methods Turn the dewatered sludge into the soil layer between the surface and 18cm below the surface. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the specific embodiments 1 to 4.
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是步骤三中将1/7~1/5的紫花苜宿作为绿肥就地翻压。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至六之一相同。Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 6 is that in step 3, 1/7 to 1/5 of the alfalfa tree is used as green manure and turned over on the spot. Other steps and parameters are the same as one of the specific embodiments 1 to 6.
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同的是步骤三中脱水污泥的施用量为4.5kg/m2~5.5kg/m2，并用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下17cm~19cm之间的土层中。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至八之一相同。Embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 8 is that the application amount of dewatered sludge in step 3 is 4.5kg/m 2 ~5.5kg/m 2 , and the dewatered sludge is mixed by mechanical mixing method Turn it over to the soil layer between the surface and 17cm~19cm below the surface. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 8.
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至八之一不同的是步骤三中脱水污泥的施用量为5kg/m2，并用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下18cm之间的土层中。其它步骤及参数与具体实施方式一至八之一相同。Embodiment 10: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 8 is that the application amount of dewatered sludge in step 3 is 5kg/m 2 , and the dewatered sludge is turned to the surface to 18cm below the surface by mechanical mixing method in the soil layers between. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in Embodiments 1 to 8.
为了验证本发明的有益效果，进行了以下实验：In order to verify the beneficial effect of the present invention, carried out following experiment:
实验一：一种脱水污泥改良苏打型盐碱土的方法按以下步骤进行：Experiment 1: A method for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge is carried out in the following steps:
改良土壤为黑龙江哈尔滨市松北区对青山镇长发村重度苏打型盐碱土壤，在0cm~20cm深的土壤中，测得土壤的容重为1.625g/cm3，含水率为13.75%，pH值为9.33，当土壤质量/水的体积=1/5时，电导率EC为1.43ms/cm，阳离子交换量为13.08cmol/kg，[CO3 2-]+[HCO3 -]/[Cl-]+[SO4 2-]=0.58，有机质含量为3%，总氮含量为0.07%，碱解氮含量为80.69mg/kg，总磷含量为493.33mg/kg，速效磷含量为15.89mg/kg，总钾含量为20473.958mg/kg，速效钾含量为332.89mg/kg。The improved soil is a severe soda-type saline-alkali soil in Changfa Village, Duiqingshan Town, Songbei District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. In the soil at a depth of 0cm~20cm, the measured soil bulk density is 1.625g/cm 3 , the moisture content is 13.75%, and the pH value is 9.33, when the soil mass/water volume=1/5, the electrical conductivity EC is 1.43ms/cm, the cation exchange capacity is 13.08cmol/kg, [CO 3 2- ]+[HCO 3 - ]/[Cl - ]+[SO 4 2- ]=0.58, the content of organic matter is 3%, the content of total nitrogen is 0.07%, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 80.69mg/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 493.33mg/kg, and the content of available phosphorus is 15.89mg/kg kg, the total potassium content is 20473.958mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 332.89mg/kg.
一、选择一块50m×40m苏打型盐碱土地，平整土地后，分别于该土地的横向和纵向开挖排水沟，横向间隔为5m，纵向间隔为4m，沟宽为10cm，沟深20cm，以地表至地表以下20cm之间的土层作为改良土层；1. Select a piece of 50m×40m soda-type saline-alkali land. After leveling the land, excavate drainage ditches in the horizontal and vertical directions of the land respectively. The soil layer between the surface and 20cm below the surface is used as the improved soil layer;
二、于春季，取城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，风干晾晒至脱水污泥含水量为56%，按10kg/m2的施用量，将脱水污泥施加于此苏打型盐碱土地上，采用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下20cm之间的土层中，然后种植耐盐型绿肥作物紫花苜宿；2. In spring, take the dewatered sludge from the urban sewage treatment plant, air-dry it until the water content of the dewatered sludge is 56%, and apply the dewatered sludge to the soda-type saline-alkali land according to the application rate of 10kg/ m2 . The mechanical mixing method turns the dewatered sludge into the soil layer between the surface and 20cm below the surface, and then plants the salt-tolerant green manure crop alfalfa;
三、于当年生长季结束前30天进行收割，并将1/5的紫花苜宿作为绿肥就地翻压，然后再次向此块苏打型盐碱土地施加城市污水处理厂脱水污泥，施用量为5kg/m2，并用机械翻混方法将脱水污泥翻至地表至地表以下20cm之间的土层中，过冬修养；3. Harvest 30 days before the end of the growing season of the current year, and use 1/5 of the alfalfa as green manure on the spot, and then apply the dewatered sludge of the urban sewage treatment plant to this soda-type saline-alkali land again. 5kg/m 2 , and mechanically turn the dewatered sludge into the soil layer between the surface and 20cm below the surface for winter maintenance;
四、接下来两年，重复步骤二和步骤三，完成对苏打型盐碱土地的改良过程。4. In the next two years, repeat steps 2 and 3 to complete the improvement process of soda-type saline-alkali land.
经过改良1年后的土壤各项指标为：土壤容重为1.30g/cm3，pH值为8.57，EC为1.31ms/cm，交换性钠(ESP)含量为2213.23mg/kg，阳离子交换量为15.21cmol/kg，有机质含量为3.3%，总氮含量为0.13%，碱解氮含量为144.34mg/kg，总磷含量为513.79mg/kg，速效磷含量为49.12mg/kg，总钾含量为21721.22mg/kg，速效钾含量为374.75mg/kg。The soil indicators after one year of improvement are: soil bulk density is 1.30g/cm 3 , pH value is 8.57, EC is 1.31ms/cm, exchangeable sodium (ESP) content is 2213.23mg/kg, cation exchange capacity is 15.21cmol/kg, the organic matter content is 3.3%, the total nitrogen content is 0.13%, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 144.34mg/kg, the total phosphorus content is 513.79mg/kg, the available phosphorus content is 49.12mg/kg, and the total potassium content is 21721.22mg/kg, available potassium content is 374.75mg/kg.
经过改良2年后的土壤各项指标为：改良后土壤容重为1.23g/cm3，pH值为8.41，EC为1.31ms/cm，交换性钠(ESP)含量为2009.67mg/kg，阳离子交换量为15.77cmol/kg，有机质含量为3.5%，总氮含量为0.15%，碱解氮含量为273.22mg/kg，总磷含量为566.35mg/kg，速效磷含量为55.39mg/kg，总钾含量为21988.73mg/kg，速效钾含量为389.26mg/kg。After 2 years of improvement, the various indicators of the soil are: the bulk density of the improved soil is 1.23g/cm3, the pH value is 8.41, the EC is 1.31ms/cm, the exchangeable sodium (ESP) content is 2009.67mg/kg, and the cation exchange capacity is 15.77cmol/kg, the content of organic matter is 3.5%, the content of total nitrogen is 0.15%, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 273.22mg/kg, the content of total phosphorus is 566.35mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 55.39mg/kg, and the content of total potassium It is 21988.73mg/kg, and the content of available potassium is 389.26mg/kg.
经过改良3年后的土壤各项指标为：土壤容重为1.19g/cm3，pH值为8.02，EC为1.275ms/cm，交换性钠(ESP)含量为1933.32mg/kg，阳离子交换量为16.44cmol/kg，有机质含量为3.9%左右，总氮含量为0.17%，碱解氮含量为358.51mg/kg，总磷含量为598.26mg/kg，速效磷含量为69.77mg/kg，总钾含量为22311.34mg/kg，速效钾含量为408.83mg/kg。The soil indicators after 3 years of improvement are: soil bulk density is 1.19g/cm 3 , pH value is 8.02, EC is 1.275ms/cm, exchangeable sodium (ESP) content is 1933.32mg/kg, cation exchange capacity is 16.44cmol/kg, organic matter content is about 3.9%, total nitrogen content is 0.17%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 358.51mg/kg, total phosphorus content is 598.26mg/kg, available phosphorus content is 69.77mg/kg, total potassium content It is 22311.34mg/kg, and the content of available potassium is 408.83mg/kg.
可以看出，通过用脱水污泥对苏打型盐碱土进行三年的改造后，土壤容重和土壤pH值明显下降，交换性钠(ESP)含量也有所下降，阳离子交换量有所提高，有机质含量、总磷含量和总钾含量都明显提高，改造后的土壤可种植高粱等耐碱性作物。It can be seen that after three years of transformation of soda-type saline-alkali soil with dewatered sludge, the soil bulk density and soil pH value decreased significantly, the exchangeable sodium (ESP) content also decreased, the cation exchange capacity increased, and the organic matter content , total phosphorus content and total potassium content are significantly increased, and the modified soil can be used to grow sorghum and other alkali-resistant crops.
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