CN109999032A - 雷帕霉素在制备降眼内压的局部滴眼给药药物中的应用 - Google Patents
雷帕霉素在制备降眼内压的局部滴眼给药药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了将雷帕霉素用于降眼压的新应用,属于眼科疾病治疗药物技术领域。将雷帕霉素(RAPA)与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)制成滴眼液悬液。本发明实施例的结果显示:雷帕霉素滴眼液可以通过局部滴眼给药的方式到达眼内,而且可能通过调节人眼小梁网细胞收缩和变圆与调节小梁网细胞骨架,从而控制房水引流,进而达到降低眼内压的作用,并通过监测眼压发现该雷帕霉素滴眼液具有降眼压的作用。本发明为青光眼预防与治疗提供了一个新的医药选择途径,雷帕霉素既能明显降眼压又具有神经保护作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于眼科疾病治疗药物技术领域,具体涉及一种雷帕霉素在制备降眼内压局部滴眼给药药物中的应用。
背景技术
青光眼(glaucoma)是一组以视乳头萎缩及凹陷、视野缺损及视力下降为共同特征的疾病,病理性眼压升高是其发病的主要危险因素。从病理生理和治疗角度来看,眼压也是主要的可改变的危险因素,因为眼压比基线眼压降低30-50%,将会减缓青光眼进展。滴眼剂、口服药物、激光疗法和手术都被用来降低青光眼患者的眼内压。在这些疗法中,局部治疗是首选,因为它们具有较高的疗效和较低的不良反应发生率。
在人眼中,眼内压的维持是通过房水(AH)产生和流出之间的平衡来调节。大约80%的房水通过小梁网(TM)流出,因此在维持正常眼压中起关键作用。最近有研究已经表明,肌动球蛋白抑制剂有效地调节了TM细胞的收缩性,增加了房水的流出,从而降低了眼内压。
雷帕霉素(Rapamycin)是一种由吸水链霉菌产生的大环内酯类化合物,具有抗增殖、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、免疫抑制特性以及神经保护作用。有研究表明,mTORC2可以通过Rho GTPases向肌动蛋白细胞骨架发出信号,从而调节细胞骨架动力学和各种肌动蛋白骨架动力学,肌动蛋白收缩,细胞黏附,细胞形态等。还有研究表明,雷帕霉素通过腹腔注射可以对实验性青光眼模型的视网膜神经节细胞有保护作用。但雷帕霉素也是一种免疫抑制剂,如果通过全身给药,可能会严重损害免疫功能。目前,尚未有研究表明,雷帕霉素局部滴眼的方式给药后可以起到降眼压的作用。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种以雷帕霉素作为制备能够降低眼内压药物的应用,具有应用于青光眼相关疾病治疗的潜能。
本发明通过实验发现,随雷帕霉素的药物浓度的增加以及作用时间的延长,小梁网细胞的细胞体逐渐收缩和变圆,以及肌动蛋白微丝束丢失,因而,雷帕霉素可能通过调节小梁网细胞骨架以及细胞形态,进而调节房水流通途径,起到降低眼内压作用。
因此,本发明提供了雷帕霉素在降眼压药物中的应用。
本发明的第二个目的是提供雷帕霉素可调节小梁网细胞骨架,进而达到调控房水引流,降低眼内压的药物应用。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现上述目的:
雷帕霉素在制备降低眼内压的局部滴眼给药药物中的应用,是将有效量的雷帕霉素与溶剂混合制成溶液,之后,将该溶液悬浮于缓冲液中后制成雷帕霉素滴眼悬液,作为所述降低眼内压的局部滴眼给药药物中的有效成分。
其中,雷帕霉素滴眼悬液含雷帕霉素2mg/ml。
上述雷帕霉素滴眼悬液的制备方法包括如下具体步骤:
将25mg的雷帕霉素与1ml的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)在37℃水浴下混合制成25mg/ml的雷帕霉素储备液,之后,取80ul雷帕霉素储备液加入到720ul的DMSO中溶解,然后再用无菌PBS平衡盐溶液定容到1ml,获得2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液悬液,将雷帕霉素滴眼液存储在4℃冰箱内,并且在一周内使用。
本发明提到的雷帕霉素滴眼液在临用前摇匀使用即可,每天1次,每次1滴。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的雷帕霉素滴眼液可以通过局部滴眼给药的方式到达眼内,达到降低眼内压的作用;通过监测眼压实验发现,本发明所述的雷帕霉素滴眼液具有降眼压的作用,为预防和治疗青光眼提供了一个新的医药选择途径。
附图说明
图1为2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液对SD大鼠眼压的影响示意图。
图2为2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液在SD大鼠眼内药物分布情况的液相图谱。
图3为雷帕霉素处理后小梁网细胞的形态和细胞骨架的共聚焦示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例,对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1 配制雷帕霉素滴眼液
将雷帕霉素与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合制成25mg/ml的雷帕霉素储备液,之后取80ul雷帕霉素储备液加入到720ul的DMSO中溶解,然后再用无菌PBS平衡盐溶液定容到1ml,获得2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液悬液,将雷帕霉素滴眼液存储在4℃冰箱内,并且在一周内使用。
对比例1
将800ul的DMSO与200ul的PBS溶液混匀,将其保存再4℃冰箱内,并且在一周内使用。
实施例2 药效实验
实验动物:
本研究严格遵守ARVO眼科和视力研究动物使用声明,并由江西省实验动物检测站机构动物护理和使用委员会批准和监督(许可证号:SCXK(GAN)2018-0003)。雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠(2-3个月,200-250g)获自江西中医药大学。将动物饲养在标准条件下,并在温度和湿度受控的室内保持12小时光照/黑暗循环,自由获取食物和水。
实验分组及药物干预
将正常成年雄性的10只SD大鼠随机分为溶剂对照组和实验组每组各5只,溶剂对照组使用对比例1制备得到的溶液进行滴眼治疗,每次1滴,1次/天;实验组用实施例1制备得到的2mg/ml的雷帕霉素滴眼液进行点眼治疗,每次1滴,1次/天。
眼压的测量
通过吸入异氟烷(2%-5%;深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司,中国)麻醉大鼠,用精密蒸发器在95%氧气中递送,在动物失去脚趾反射和眨眼反射后2至3分钟内开始IOP测量。每天固定下午时间用TonoLab回弹式眼压计测量IOP,其在消除最高值和最低值后自动产生5次测量的平均值,并且在微珠注射前3天获得基线IOP。结果如图1所示。
由图1可知,实验组大鼠的眼压在点药后第1天开始出现下降,对照组平均值为10.58±0.60mm Hg,实验组点2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液,平均眼压值是10.01±0.53mm Hg,眼压下降了5.38%(**P=0.004,P:溶剂对照组平均眼内压和2mg/ml雷帕霉素治疗组平均眼内压的比较),表明雷帕霉素滴眼液确实具有降低眼压作用。
实施例3 药时浓度探究实验
测量房水中雷帕霉素的含量
仪器 Agilent 1260液相色谱仪;超声清洗器;微型混合仪;电子天平
试剂 雷帕霉素对照品(北京百灵威科技有限公司,纯度98%),甲醇(色谱纯),乙腈(色谱纯),实验用水为重蒸馏水
检测方法
色谱条件 Waters Symmetry300C4(150*4.6mm)5μm;
流动相 A:水
B:乙腈0min(5%)2min(5%)7min(95%)12min(95%);流速为1.0mL/min;柱温为40℃;检测波长280nm;进样量30ul。
空白房水样品的制备
精密吸取100ul空白房水,加入25ml甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,制得空白房水储备液。
标准溶液的制备
雷帕霉素标准品溶液制备:精密秤取雷帕霉素标准品5mg,加入上述稀释后的空白房水10ml,将其制备成0.5mg/ml的标准品储备液。
房水样品的制备
将正常成年雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分成8组,每组3只(6只眼),大鼠给予10%的水合氯醛(4ml/kg)腹腔麻醉后点2mg/ml的雷帕霉素滴眼液(实施例1制备所得)给药后分别于1H,4H穿刺前房抽取房水,置于1mL离心管中,于-20℃冷冻保存,待测。
房水样品的处理
取给药1H,4H的房水样品分别加入500ul甲醇,涡旋震荡5min,0.22μm有机膜过滤,各取上清液30ul进样,记录色谱图。结果如图2所示。其中,图A为空白房水样品的色谱图;图B为雷帕霉素标准品储备液的色谱图;图C、D分别为大鼠给雷帕霉素滴眼液1H,4H后的样品色谱图。
标准曲线的制备
将上述雷帕霉素标准品储备液分别配制成浓度为0ug/ml,0.1ug/ml,0.5ug/ml,2.5ug/ml,5ug/ml的含药物的样品,之后,分别取上述含药物的样品上清液30ul加入进样瓶,进样,记录色谱图,以峰面积(y)对药物浓度(x)作线性回归,求标准曲线方程。求得雷帕霉素房水标准曲线方程:y=88.77x(r=0.9995);房水中雷帕霉素在0~5ug/ml范围,峰面积与药物浓度呈线性关系。
由图2可知,雷帕霉素标准品溶液的保留时间约为8.629min,房水样品色谱图雷帕霉素的保留时间分别约为8.542和8.535min,雷帕霉素与内源性物质分离良好,无杂质峰干扰。在给予雷帕霉素滴眼液后1H,4H后,抽取的大鼠房水中能够检测到雷帕霉素的存在。将样品的峰面积带入到标准曲线中,即可得到药物的浓度。将数据代入到上述得到的标准曲线中,得出给药1H后的药物浓度为0.09ug/ml,给药4H后的房水中药物浓度为0.14ug/ml。
实施例4 药效机制探究实验
人眼小梁网细胞培养
将小梁网细胞(复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院友情捐赠)体外培养于TrabecularMeshwork Cell Medium培养基(2%胎牛血清,1%双抗,1%小梁网细胞生长补充物),置于37℃,5%二氧化碳培养箱中培养。
雷帕霉素工作液的配置方法
将雷帕霉素与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)在混合制成25mg/ml的雷帕霉素储备液,然后使用培养基将雷帕霉素分别稀释为1uM,10uM,100uM的工作液。将雷帕霉素工作液避光存储在4℃冰箱内,并且在一月内使用。
小梁网细胞的形态和细胞骨架观察
将小梁网细胞随机分组,分别加入0uM,1uM,10uM,100uM的雷帕霉素细胞工作液在37℃,5%二氧化碳培养箱中培养分别处理2小时,4小时,12小时。然后用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤细胞,再用含4%多聚甲醛的PBS溶液固定细胞5min,之后用PBS充分洗涤。用含0.1%Tritonox-100处理5min,并再次用PBS洗涤。用含50ug/ml荧光鬼笔环肽缀合物的PBS溶液标记小梁网细胞的丝状肌动蛋白(F-肌动蛋白)并孵育40min,再用PBS洗涤数次以除去未结合的鬼笔环肽缀合物。并且使用4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)荧光染料标记细胞核,再用PBS充分洗涤。最后在共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞形态,并且采集图片。结果如图3所示。
由图3可知,通过共聚焦观察细胞,发现用雷帕霉素细胞工作液处理人眼小梁网细胞后细胞收缩和变圆,而且我们发现F-肌动蛋白的分布随时间和浓度的变化而改变。
综上所述,雷帕霉素滴眼液可以通过局部点眼给药的方式到达眼内,而且可能通过调节人眼小梁网细胞收缩和变圆和调节小梁网细胞骨架,达到控制房水引流,进而达到降低眼内压的作用,并通过监测眼压发现该雷帕霉素滴眼液具有降眼压的作用。
Claims (3)
1.雷帕霉素在制备降眼压的局部滴眼给药药物中的应用,其特征在于,将有效量的雷帕霉素与溶剂混合制成溶液,之后将该溶液悬浮于缓冲液中后制成雷帕霉素滴眼悬液,作为所述降低眼内压的局部滴眼给药药物中的有效成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的雷帕霉素在制备降眼压的局部滴眼给药药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述雷帕霉素滴眼悬液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将25mg的雷帕霉素与1ml的二甲基亚砜在37℃水浴下混合制成25mg/ml的雷帕霉素储备液,之后取80ul雷帕霉素储备液加入到720ul的DMSO中溶解,然后再用无菌PBS平衡盐溶液定容到1ml,获得2mg/ml雷帕霉素滴眼液悬液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的雷帕霉素在制备降眼压的局部滴眼药物中的应用,其特征在于,雷帕霉素作为制备调节细胞形态并使人眼小梁网细胞收缩和变圆和调节小梁网细胞骨架以达到控制房水引流、降低眼内压的药物中的有效成分。
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