CN116190867B - A fully open-type long-endurance Mars battery and its preparation method - Google Patents
A fully open-type long-endurance Mars battery and its preparation methodInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种全开放式长续航火星电池及其制备方法；该火星电池包括立式蛇形电芯、插入式阳极集电器、网状阴极集电器和防尘透气膜。制备方案如下：蛇形管状固态电解质制备与组装、气体扩散和气体反应双功能层制备与涂装、含Na/K的液态合金制备与加注、棒状阳极和网状阴极集流体集成、防尘透气膜封装。其中，所述气体扩散和气体反应双功能层均匀涂覆在蛇形电解质管外，因此与火星气体具有360°接触面，具有阴极全开放特征，从能量密度上优于传统单面气体反应电极的电池。本发明兼顾固体电解质基电池在火星低环境气压可开放以及液态合金可充分润湿界面的优势，辅以防尘透气膜的保护，将推动长续航、全天候火星电池的设计与开发。
This invention provides a fully open, long-endurance Mars battery and its fabrication method. The Mars battery comprises a vertical serpentine cell, an insertable anode current collector, a mesh cathode current collector, and a dustproof and breathable membrane. The fabrication scheme is as follows: preparation and assembly of the serpentine tubular solid electrolyte, preparation and coating of a gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer, preparation and filling of a Na/K-containing liquid alloy, integration of the rod-shaped anode and mesh cathode current collectors, and encapsulation with the dustproof and breathable membrane. The gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer is uniformly coated on the outside of the serpentine electrolyte tube, thus providing a 360° contact surface with the Martian atmosphere and exhibiting a fully open cathode characteristic, resulting in superior energy density compared to batteries with traditional single-sided gas reaction electrodes. This invention combines the advantages of solid electrolyte-based batteries—openness under the low atmospheric pressure of Mars—and the ability of the liquid alloy to fully wet the interface, coupled with the protection of the dustproof and breathable membrane, which will promote the design and development of long-endurance, all-weather Mars batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space batteries, and particularly relates to a full-open long-endurance spark battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Among all the planets of the solar system, the physical and chemical properties of Mars are most similar to those of the earth, and the Mars are the best sites for researching serious scientific problems such as life origins, earth evolution and the like. The spark detector has multiple tasks of surface cruising, drilling sampling and the like, and the battery is used as a power source and is one of core components of the spark detector. Solar cells are currently the most widely used power source for Mars detectors, but their lower energy conversion efficiency and limited day-to-day alternation of Mars have difficulty in ensuring sustained kinetic energy output. The chemical power supply has the advantages of extremely high energy conversion efficiency and no limitation of sunlight, and is one of the best choices of the Mars battery. In order to increase the operation time of the spark detector as much as possible before dormancy in winter, the spark battery is required to have a long endurance. The development of a metal-carbon dioxide cell of high theoretical specific capacity suitable for the Mars environment is considered as a solution, using up to 95.3% of the electrochemically active gas of CO 2 in the Mars atmosphere.
Considering that Mars are less than 1% of the earth's atmospheric pressure, traditional liquid carbon dioxide batteries cannot be used for Mars power supply due to the problems of gas production, volatilization and the like. The use of solid electrolytes instead of conventional liquid electrolytes is an effective method. However, space exploration tends to place severe restrictions on the volume and mass of the battery, and furthermore, unattended operation may also result in long-term blockage of the reactive side of the battery CO 2 by dust, resulting in battery death.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-open type long-endurance spark battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein a serpentine solid electrolyte and a 360-degree full-open type CO 2 reaction electrode wrapped outside the electrolyte are designed, the space volume of a spark detector is utilized to the maximum, the volume energy density of the battery is increased, and the influence of dust blockage is reduced as much as possible through a dustproof ventilation film, so that all-weather long-endurance operation of the spark detection battery is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A fully-open long-endurance spark battery comprises a vertical snake-shaped electric core, an inserted anode current collector, a net-shaped cathode current collector and a dustproof breathable film.
The vertical snake-shaped electric core comprises a tubular snake-shaped solid electrolyte, sodium/potassium-based liquid alloy injected into a tubular solid electrolyte tube and a fully-open gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-function layer wrapped outside the tubular solid electrolyte tube, wherein the solid electrolyte is solid electrolyte capable of conducting sodium ions or potassium ions and comprises Na-beta-Al 2O3, NASICON type oxide solid electrolyte (Na3Zr2Si2PO12、Na3Sc2P3O12、Na3.2Hf2(SiO4)2.2(PO4)0.8 and the like) and K 2Fe4O7, the sodium/potassium-based liquid alloy is room temperature liquid alloy containing sodium sources or potassium sources, such as Li-Na, na-K, na-K-Ga, na-Ga alloy and the like, and the dual-function layer is various combinations of solid electrolyte, conductive agents (carbon nano tubes, KS-6, VGCF, EC600 and the like) and catalysts (RuO 2、Fe-N-C、NaIrO3、K2RuO4 and the like).
The inserted anode current collector is formed by taking a conductive metal rod and the like inserted into a liquid alloy as an anode current collector and externally connecting the anode current collector to the total current collection position of the anode of the battery cell, wherein the conductive metal rod is one or more of titanium alloy, stainless steel, copper and silver with the diameter of about 1-3 mm.
The mesh cathode current collector is formed by wrapping mesh conductive metal outside the snake-shaped battery cell as a cathode current collector and is externally connected to the cathode total current collection part of the battery cell, and plays a role in protecting the falling of the double functional layers, wherein the mesh cathode current collector is one or more of nickel mesh, stainless steel mesh, aluminum mesh and gold mesh.
The dustproof breathable film is a porous film with low dust adhesion and is wrapped outside the net-shaped cathode current collector, wherein the porous film is one or more textile films of fluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon and polytetrafluoroethylene, and the aperture is 0.5-10 mu m.
The preparation method of the fully-open long-endurance spark battery comprises the following steps of:
Fully ball-milling and mixing sodium/potassium ion conductor solid electrolyte powder and a low-melting-point sodium/potassium-containing binder in a mass ratio of 100:0.5-2, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer straight tube interlayer, cold isostatic pressing for 60-120 s at a pressure of 250-300 MPa to prepare a straight tube part of the serpentine electrolyte, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer U-shaped tube interlayer, cold isostatic pressing for 60-120 s at a pressure of 200-250 MPa to prepare a U-shaped tube part of the serpentine electrolyte, annealing the obtained two-shaped electrolytes in air for 6-10 h at 700-1300 ℃, and polishing a burning mouth for later use, wherein the low-melting-point sodium/potassium-containing binder is one or more of sodium tert-butoxide, sodium chloroacetate, sodium isopropoxide, disodium adipate, potassium acetate, potassium fluoroborate, penicillin potassium and potassium iodate;
Ball milling solid electrolyte powder, isopropanol, toluene and ammonium polypropylene for 12 hours according to the mass ratio of 30-40:15-20:15-20:0.5-4, adding a certain amount of binder and plasticizer, ball milling for 12 hours to obtain solid electrolyte slurry, aligning and connecting the polished straight pipe obtained in the step one and the burned opening of the U-shaped pipe in a serpentine manner, uniformly smearing the solid electrolyte slurry at the interface, rapidly sintering the interface by using a hydrogen flame gun, repeating for a plurality of times, annealing the obtained serpentine electrolyte in the air for 10-16 hours at the temperature of 700-1300 ℃, and polishing the interface for later use, wherein the binder is one or more of polyvinyl butyral, guar gum, polyimide, cyclodextrin and styrene-butadiene rubber, the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte slurry is 2-5%, the plasticizer is one or more of butyl phthalate, dioctyl sebacate and triphenyl phosphate, and the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte slurry is 3-5%;
Step three, uniformly mixing solid electrolyte powder, a conductive agent and a catalyst according to the mass ratio of 4-6:2-4:0.5-2 for ball milling for 2-6 hours, uniformly stirring the mixed powder and NMP solution containing PVDF (PVDF is 5% by mass fraction) into cathode slurry according to the mass ratio of 1:4-6, uniformly smearing the cathode slurry on the outer side of the snake-shaped electrolyte obtained in the step two, then transferring the coated electrolyte into an argon-filled high-temperature furnace, heating for 15 minutes at 500-900 ℃, naturally cooling, depositing a layer of photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of a cathode by adopting chemical vapor deposition to further improve the daytime working capacity of the battery, obtaining a fully-opened gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer wrapped outside a tubular solid electrolyte tube, tightly winding a net-shaped current collector outside the dual-functional layer to serve as a cathode current collector, leading out a plurality of sections of cathode wires by using a sectionalized interface, standing the snake-shaped electrolyte and drilling holes on the top and two sides of a U-shaped tube for standby, wherein the photo-thermal material is one or more of PdSe 2, co, au thin films, black graphene and titanium dioxide;
Step four, two metal rod current collectors with diameters of 0.5-2 mm are inserted into the battery core from two side drilling holes, two sides are sealed by silicon rubber, sodium blocks, potassium blocks and gallium blocks are placed in a stainless steel container according to a mass ratio of 20-30:40-60:10-20 in an argon-filled glove box, the stainless steel container is placed at room temperature overnight to obtain room-temperature liquid Na-K-Ga alloy, the obtained Na-K-Ga alloy is injected into a snake-shaped electrolyte tube from a top drilling hole, and then all openings are sealed by the silicon rubber;
and fifthly, uniformly wrapping the single-layer porous dustproof breathable film outside the net-shaped cathode current collector, thermally sealing the breathable film fracture, and finally collecting the multi-section cathode lead and the anode lead into a battery management system to obtain the full-open long-endurance spark battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, through the snake-shaped battery structure and the design of the 360-degree fully-open CO 2 reaction electrode, the maximization of the energy conversion active area is realized on the basis of maximally saving the space volume occupied by the power unit of the Mars detector, and the high capacity and long endurance capacity of the Mars battery are ensured;
(2) The sodium/potassium-based liquid alloy (such as Na-K-Ga) used in the invention can be fully contacted with the electrolyte due to the fluidity and Ga component which is wetted with the electrolyte, so that excellent interface contact of the battery is ensured, in addition, the sodium/potassium-based liquid alloy has a low melting point (lower than-20 ℃), the dynamic wetting can be kept in the low-temperature environment of the Mars part, even if the temperature is further reduced to cause solidification of the liquid alloy, the liquid alloy phase change heat generation can heat the battery, and in addition, on the basis of good contact of the liquid alloy in the early stage, even if the solidification, the liquid alloy can be kept in good contact with the electrode;
(3) The solid electrolyte adopted by the invention avoids the permeation and leakage of the traditional liquid electrolyte in a low-pressure spark environment, and in addition, the plasma cathode formed by the photo-thermal conversion material of chemical vapor deposition can effectively absorb sunlight and convert the sunlight into heat in the daytime, so that the effective charge storage and transmission in the electrolyte/electrode material are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a Mars cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a straight tube of the tubular serpentine electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a U-tube of the tubular serpentine electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connected tubular serpentine electrolyte of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the application of a bi-functional layer to the outer surface of a serpentine electrolyte according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the addition of a mesh cathode current collector in accordance with the present invention based on FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention further poured with a liquid alloy and added with an anode current collector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and it is apparent that the described examples are only some, but not all, of the examples of the invention, and all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
The fully open long-life spark battery of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation method is performed according to the following steps:
(1) Fully ball-milling and mixing Na 3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte powder and sodium isopropoxide with the mass ratio of 100:1, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer straight tube interlayer, preparing a straight tube part of the serpentine electrolyte by cold isostatic pressing for 90s at the pressure of 280MPa, as shown in figure 2a, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer U-shaped tube interlayer, preparing a U-shaped tube part of the serpentine electrolyte by cold isostatic pressing for 90s at the pressure of 220MPa, as shown in figure 2b, annealing the obtained two-shape electrolytes in air for 8h at 1200 ℃, and then polishing a burned part for later use;
(2) Ball-milling Na 3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte powder, isopropanol, toluene and ammonium polypropylene for 12 hours according to the mass ratio of 35:18:18:2, adding 4% of polyvinyl butyral and 5% of butyl benzyl phthalate for ball-milling for 12 hours to obtain solid electrolyte slurry, aligning and connecting the polished straight pipe obtained in the step (1) and the burned mouth of the U-shaped pipe in a serpentine manner, uniformly coating the solid electrolyte slurry at the joint, rapidly sintering the joint by using a hydrogen flame gun, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, annealing the obtained serpentine electrolyte in air for 12 hours at 1200 ℃, and polishing the joint for later use, as shown in figure 3;
(3) Uniformly mixing Na 3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte powder, VGCF and NaIrO 3 by ball milling for 4 hours according to the mass ratio of 5:3:1, uniformly stirring the mixed powder and NMP solution containing PVDF (NMP solution containing 5% of PVDF) according to the mass ratio of 1:4 to form cathode slurry, uniformly smearing the cathode slurry on the outer side of the snake-shaped electrolyte obtained in the step (2), transferring the coated electrolyte into an argon-filled high-temperature furnace, heating at 700 ℃ for 15 minutes, naturally cooling, depositing a layer of PdSe 2 photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of a cathode by adopting chemical vapor deposition to further improve the daytime working capacity of the battery, obtaining a fully-opened gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer wrapped outside a tubular solid electrolyte tube, as shown in fig. 4, tightly winding a stainless steel mesh current collector outside the dual-functional layer to serve as a cathode current collector, and leading out a plurality of sections of snake-shaped cathode wires by using a sectional interface, standing up the electrolyte and drilling holes on the top and two sides of the U-shaped tube for standby;
(4) Two titanium rod current collectors with the diameter of 1mm are inserted into the battery core from two side holes, the two sides are sealed by silicone rubber, sodium blocks, potassium blocks and gallium blocks are placed in a stainless steel container according to the mass ratio of 10:7:2 in an argon-filled glove box, the stainless steel container is placed at room temperature overnight to obtain room-temperature liquid Na-K-Ga alloy, the obtained Na-K-Ga alloy is injected into a snake-shaped electrolyte tube from the holes, and then all openings are sealed by the silicone rubber, as shown in fig. 6;
(5) And uniformly wrapping a single-layer porous polytetrafluoroethylene dustproof breathable film outside a stainless steel mesh-shaped cathode current collector, thermally sealing the breathable film fracture, and finally collecting a plurality of sections of cathode wires and anode wires into a battery management system to obtain the full-open long-endurance spark battery, as shown in figure 1.
Example 2:
Comparative example 1 of this example differs in that K ion solid conductor K 2Fe4O7 is used instead of sodium ion solid conductor Na 3Zr2Si2PO12, so the energy conversion in this embodiment is based on a K-CO 2 cell, whereas the energy conversion of example 1 is based on a Na-CO 2 cell:
(1) Fully ball-milling and mixing K 2Fe4O7 solid electrolyte powder and penicillin potassium in a mass ratio of 100:0.8, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer straight tube interlayer, preparing a straight tube part of the snake-shaped electrolyte by cold isostatic pressing under 260MPa for 60s, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer U-shaped tube interlayer, preparing a U-shaped tube part of the snake-shaped electrolyte by cold isostatic pressing under 200MPa for 60s, annealing the obtained two-shape electrolyte in air for 8h at 700 ℃, and polishing a burning place for later use;
(2) Ball-milling K 2Fe4O7 solid electrolyte powder, isopropanol, toluene and ammonium polypropylene for 12 hours according to the mass ratio of 50:15:15:2, adding 3.5 mass percent polyvinyl butyral and 4 mass percent butyl benzyl phthalate for ball-milling for 12 hours to obtain solid electrolyte slurry, aligning and connecting the polished straight pipe obtained in the step (1) and the burned mouth of the U-shaped pipe in a serpentine manner, uniformly coating the solid electrolyte slurry at the joint, rapidly sintering the joint by using a hydrogen flame gun, repeating the steps for several times, annealing the obtained serpentine electrolyte in air for 6 hours at 700 ℃, and polishing the joint for later use;
(3) Uniformly mixing K 2Fe4O7 solid electrolyte powder, VGCF and K 2RuO4 by ball milling for 4 hours according to the mass ratio of 8:3:1, uniformly stirring the mixed powder and NMP solution containing PVDF (NMP solution with the mass fraction of 5% PVDF) into cathode slurry according to the mass ratio of 1:4, uniformly smearing the cathode slurry on the outer side of the snake-shaped electrolyte obtained in the step (2), transferring the coated electrolyte into an argon-filled high-temperature furnace, heating for 15 minutes at 500 ℃, naturally cooling, depositing a layer of PdSe 2 photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of a cathode by adopting chemical vapor deposition to further improve the daytime working capacity of the battery, obtaining a fully-opened gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer wrapped outside a tubular solid electrolyte tube, tightly winding a stainless steel mesh current collector outside the dual-functional layer to serve as a cathode current collector, leading out a plurality of sections of cathode wires by using a segmentation interface, standing the snake-shaped electrolyte and drilling on the top and two sides of the U-shaped tube for standby;
(4) Two titanium rod current collectors with the diameter of 1mm are inserted into the battery core from two side holes, the two sides are sealed by silicone rubber, sodium blocks, potassium blocks and gallium blocks are placed in a stainless steel container according to the mass ratio of 5:8:2 in an argon-filled glove box, the stainless steel container is placed at room temperature overnight to obtain room-temperature liquid Na-K-Ga alloy, the obtained Na-K-Ga alloy is injected into a snake-shaped electrolyte tube from the holes, and then all openings are sealed by silicone rubber;
(5) And uniformly wrapping a single-layer porous polytetrafluoroethylene dustproof breathable film outside a stainless steel mesh-shaped cathode current collector, thermally sealing the breathable film fracture, and finally collecting a plurality of sections of cathode wires and anode wires into a battery management system to obtain the full-open long-endurance spark battery.
The invention designs a Mars battery based on tubular snake-shaped solid electrolyte based on the characteristics of deformation resistance and sealable protection sensitive components of the solid electrolyte, the fluidity of liquid alloy enhances the interface wetting of a negative electrode and the electrolyte, and in addition, the tubular electrolyte allows a positive electrode double-functional layer to wrap the solid electrolyte in 360 degrees in all directions, so that the active reaction area of the battery is greatly increased, and the energy density and the endurance time of the battery are further improved. The use of the porous dustproof breathable film and the vertical integration mode prevent the death of the battery caused by the blockage of the porous reaction electrode by Mars dust storm dust on the premise of ensuring that the difunctional reaction layer has enough CO 2 content.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a full-open type long-endurance spark battery comprises a vertical snake-shaped electric core, an inserted anode current collector, a net-shaped cathode current collector and a dustproof breathable film;
The vertical snake-shaped electric core comprises a tubular snake-shaped solid electrolyte, sodium-based/potassium-based liquid alloy injected into the tubular solid electrolyte tube and a fully-opened gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer wrapped outside the tubular solid electrolyte tube;
the inserted anode current collector is formed by taking a conductive metal rod inserted into the liquid alloy as an anode current collector and externally connecting the anode current collector to the total current collection position of the anode of the battery cell;
The reticular cathode current collector is formed by taking reticular conductive metal wrapped outside the snake-shaped battery cell as a cathode current collector and externally connecting the reticular conductive metal to the cathode total current collection part of the battery cell;
The dustproof breathable film is a porous film with low dust adhesion and is wrapped outside the net-shaped cathode current collector;
the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Fully ball-milling and mixing sodium/potassium ion conductor solid electrolyte powder and a low-melting-point sodium/potassium-containing binder in a mass ratio of 100:0.5-2, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer straight tube interlayer, cold isostatic pressing for 60-120 s at a pressure of 250-300 MPa to prepare a straight tube part of the snake-shaped electrolyte, placing the mixed powder in a double-layer U-shaped tube interlayer, cold isostatic pressing for 60-120 s at a pressure of 200-250 MPa to prepare a U-shaped tube part of the snake-shaped electrolyte, annealing the obtained two-shaped electrolytes in air for 6-10 h at 700-1300 ℃, and polishing a burning place for later use;
Ball milling 12-h of solid electrolyte powder, isopropanol, toluene and ammonium polyacrylate according to a mass ratio of 30-40:15-20:15-20:0.5-4, adding a certain amount of binder and plasticizer, ball milling 12-h to obtain solid electrolyte slurry, aligning and connecting polished straight pipes obtained in the step one and the burned openings of the U-shaped pipes in a serpentine manner, uniformly coating the solid electrolyte slurry at the interface, rapidly sintering the interface by using a hydrogen flame gun, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, annealing the obtained serpentine electrolyte in air for 10-16 hours at 700-1300 ℃, and polishing the interface for later use;
Step three, uniformly mixing solid electrolyte powder, a conductive agent and a catalyst according to the mass ratio of 4-6:2-4:0.5-2 for ball milling for 2-6 hours, uniformly stirring the mixed powder and NMP solution containing PVDF according to the mass ratio of 1:4-6 to form cathode slurry, uniformly smearing the cathode slurry on the outer side of the snake-shaped electrolyte obtained in the step two, then transferring the coated electrolyte into an argon-filled high-temperature furnace, heating for 15 min at 500-900 ℃, naturally cooling, depositing a layer of photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of a cathode by adopting chemical vapor deposition to obtain a fully-opened gas diffusion and gas reaction dual-functional layer wrapped outside a tubular solid electrolyte tube, tightly winding a net-shaped current collector outside the dual-functional layer to serve as a cathode current collector, leading out a plurality of sections of cathode wires by using a sectionalized interface, erecting the snake-shaped electrolyte and drilling for standby at the top and two sides of the U-shaped tube;
Step four, two metal rod current collectors with diameters of 0.5-2 mm are inserted into the battery core from two side drilling holes, two sides are sealed by silicon rubber, sodium blocks, potassium blocks and gallium blocks are placed in a stainless steel container according to a mass ratio of 20-30:40-60:10-20 in an argon-filled glove box, the stainless steel container is placed at room temperature overnight to obtain room-temperature liquid Na-K-Ga alloy, the obtained Na-K-Ga alloy is injected into a snake-shaped electrolyte tube from the drilling holes, and then all openings are sealed by the silicon rubber;
and fifthly, uniformly wrapping the single-layer porous dustproof breathable film outside the net-shaped cathode current collector, thermally sealing the breathable film fracture, and finally collecting the multi-section cathode lead and the anode lead into a battery management system to obtain the full-open long-endurance spark battery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the low-melting-point sodium/potassium-containing binder is one or more of sodium tert-butoxide, sodium chloroacetate, sodium isopropoxide, disodium adipate, potassium acetate, potassium fluoroborate, penicillin potassium and potassium iodate.
3. The method for preparing the full-open type long-endurance spark battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the binder is one or more of polyvinyl butyral, guar gum, polyimide, cyclodextrin and styrene-butadiene rubber, and accounts for 2-5% of the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte slurry;
The plasticizer is one or more of butyl benzyl phthalate, dioctyl sebacate and triphenyl phosphate, and accounts for 3-5% of the mass of the solid electrolyte slurry.
4. The method for preparing the full-open type long-endurance spark battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the photo-thermal conversion material is one or more of PdSe2, co, au thin film, black titanium dioxide and graphene aerogel.
5. The method for preparing a fully open type long-life spark battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte capable of conducting sodium ions or potassium ions and comprises Na-beta-Al 2O3, NASICON type oxide solid electrolyte and K2Fe4O7;
the liquid alloy is a room temperature liquid alloy containing a sodium source or a potassium source;
the bi-functional layer includes a solid electrolyte, a conductive agent, and a catalyst.
6. The method for preparing the full-open long-endurance spark battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductive metal rod is one or more of titanium alloy, stainless steel, copper and silver with the diameter of 1-3 mm;
the reticular cathode current collector is one or more of nickel net, stainless steel net, aluminum net and gold net.
7. The method for preparing a fully open type long-life spark battery according to claim 1, wherein the porous membrane is one or more textile membranes selected from fluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon and polytetrafluoroethylene, and the pore diameter is 0.5-10 μm.
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