CN1550258A - 金属织物制成的交叉通道填料的使用 - Google Patents

金属织物制成的交叉通道填料的使用 Download PDF

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CN1550258A
CN1550258A CNA2004100432181A CN200410043218A CN1550258A CN 1550258 A CN1550258 A CN 1550258A CN A2004100432181 A CNA2004100432181 A CN A2004100432181A CN 200410043218 A CN200410043218 A CN 200410043218A CN 1550258 A CN1550258 A CN 1550258A
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F·凯雷尔
M·维尔利
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Abstract

对一种方法使用一种用金属织物制成的交叉通道填料，在该方法中，在一种液流和一种气流或蒸汽流中进行物质和/或热量的交换。该织物填料(1)由形成流动通道(13)的波状或打褶的金属织物(11，12)组成的垂直层(11’，12’)形成。该气流或蒸汽在流动通道中流动，而液流在金属织物上流动。相邻层的流动通道以一种开口的方式交叉。交叉通道之间的角度小于约100度。在该方法中，该织物填料由一相当小的液体负荷作用。该金属织物对液流形成一个大部分没有孔或其它开口的载体。该液体负荷的值是按照关系式L/a＜10 1/mh来选择的，式中L为该填料截面的每单位表面的液体的单位体积中的比表面负荷，而a为该金属织物所跨越的比表面。

Description

金属织物制成的交叉通道填料的使用
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用金属织物制成的交叉通道填料的使用。
背景技术
利用交叉通道结构的填料已知有几十年了，例如见专利CH-A-398503，该专利的申请书于1962年提交。通常交叉通道填料由多个配置在彼此顶部上的填料件组成，每个填料件由多个平行层制成。按照所述专利说明书组成的层在每种“波状薄片”的情况下互相接触，它们与流动通道一起形成交叉通道结构，这些流动通道相对于垂直的塔轴线倾斜并彼此敞开。利用这样一种塔填料可以进行物质和/或热量的交换，这种交换发生在填料表面上的下降的液体膜和通过通道流动的气流之间的相位界面上。
在所述的CH-A-398 503中，例示一种其“波状薄片”被穿孔的交叉填料。在DE-A-26 01 890中，描述另一种交叉通道填料，其中以特定方式配置这些孔。在该出版物中，谈到从当时现有技术中已知的穿孔目的：“存在这些小孔的理由是改善填料件截面上的气体交换和减小沿塔轴线的压降”。这些薄片例如可以用金属箔、针织品或织物来制造。每个由一薄片形成并因而附属于该同一层的流动通道通过这些孔连接，使得相对于浓度和压力的差异能够产生补偿过程。
在后续的年代中，理所当然地认为为了减小压降除了其它手段外还必须存在这些孔。在交叉通道填料的使用中为了努力达到更好的结果，人们到了询问自己下列问题的时刻：实际上已否采取了带有穿孔的有利的措施？因为至少存在由于穿孔而丢失物质的缺点；这些孔表示减少了不能用于交换物质和/或热量的表面。
发明概述
本发明的目的是与已知的使用相比可使交叉通道填料的使用获得更好的结果。该目的是通过下列手段来达到的：
对一种方法使用一种用金属织物制成的交叉通道填料，在该方法中，在一种液流和一种气流或蒸汽流之间进行物质和/或热量的交换。所用的织物填料由形成流动通道的波状或打褶的金属织物组成的垂直层形成。该气流或蒸汽流在流动通道中流动，而液流在金属织物上流动。相邻层的流动通道敞口地交叉。在交叉通道之间的角度小于约100度。在该方法中，该织物填料由一相当小的液体负荷作用。该金属织物对液流构成一个大部分没有孔或其它开口的载体。该液体负荷的值是按照关系式L/a＜10l/mh来选择的，式中L为该填料截面的每单位表面的液体的单位体积中的比表面负荷，而a为该金属织物所跨越的比表面。
如果在按照本发明所述的织物填料的使用中测定到压降，如果对用穿孔的金属织物制成的已知填料进行了相应的测量，那么就会发现一种意想不到的结果。在这种比较测量中，一个对物质交换过程起决定性作用的参数被调整为相等，即在相等体积上的填料的润湿表面。与较老的认为沿塔轴线的压降可以通过穿孔来减小的说明相反，令人惊奇地发现，采用无孔的织物填料具有显著较小的压降。只要该织物填料在过程中由一相当小的液体负荷作用而气流也因此慢到一个相应的程度，那么这种状况就存在。因为金属织物形成液流的“自润湿”载体，所以一个小的液体负荷实际上也是可以实现的。
用具有不同尺寸的孔比例的织物填料进行比较测量。在评价其中也考虑液力直径的变化的试验时，人们得出这样的认识，就是采用带穿孔的织物填料，这些孔对压降的增大起作用。该结果与学校的讲授相反。因此，在所述的条件下，人们应当多半或完全在织物填料中不用穿孔。
附图说明
下面参照附图说明本发明。附图中：
图1表示一个具有填料件的塔的上部；
图2表示一种具有交叉通道结构的填料的破碎剖视图；
图3是互相比较两种织物填料的分离效率的曲线图；
图4是对同一填料表示压降的曲线图。
按照图1，一个具有轴线20的塔2包含一个填料1和一个液体分配器(输入管210，分配器通道211)。多个填料件10、10’、10”配置在彼此的顶部上。当该塔使用时，一种液体和一种气体或蒸汽沿反向流动。
在塔2的一个特定的实施例中，可以相应地分辨出一个下端区102、一个中央区100和一个上端区101。由于一种合适的形状，在填料件10的两端的端部区101和102中的流动阻力相对于中央区要小。此种有利的实施例是从专利说明书EP 0 858 366中已知的。
从图2看出，每个填料件10由多个平行层11’、12’组成。带三角形截面14的平行通道是在层11’、12’中通过以锯齿形方式分别折叠的金属织物11和12而形成的(金属织物11、12也可做成波状)。这些通道相对于垂线20’-塔轴线20的平行线是倾斜的，倾斜角为。在相邻层11’、12’之间的接触平面15处，在该平面15中开口的层12’的通道13与相邻层11’的对应通道交叉。交叉角等于2，小于约100°。截面14为等腰三角形，具有高度h(＝层12’的宽度)、侧边s和底边b，后者也称为台阶。侧边s和底边b之间的角σ在许多情况下等于45°。在理想情况下给出带有σ＝45°的该填料的比表面a，使得折叠的边缘没有用表达式 表示的倒圆。在该过程中计算金属织物的两个侧面。
比表面a的定义与是否存在穿孔无关。相反，润湿表面a’取决于该金属织物是否穿孔。在上述比较试验中，比较了其中润湿表面a’为等面积的填料。
对于具有大的穿孔部分的第一织物填料P1选择了下列尺寸：层高度＝6.5mm；底边b＝10.2mm；比表面a＝507m2/m3；润湿表面a’＝450m2/m3；倾斜角＝30°；穿孔度：11％孔比例，即织物的开孔比例(孔径：4mm)。
对于具有较小穿孔部分的第二织物填料P2选择了下列尺寸：层高度＝7mm；底边b＝10.2mm；比表面a＝475m2/m3；倾斜角＝30°；穿孔度：5％孔比例(孔径：4mm)。
在直径250mm和水头压力50mbar的塔中测量了两种填料P1和P2。对一种分离氯苯和乙苯的混合物进行了测量。
在图3和图4中示出两种填料P1和P2的测量结果(对数标)。在图3的图线中，分离效率与F因子有关， F = v G ρ G (式中vG＝气体G的流动速率而ρG＝气体G的密度)。分离效率表示为每米理论分离级数n(NTSM)。对两种填料P1和P2未发现显著性差别。但是，图4的图线中存在差别。这表示在每种情况下填料P1和P2中测量到压力损失。
比较的填料P1和P2具有相等的润湿表面a’，但其比表面a不同，因而具有不同的液力直径dh。液力直径较大时(P2的dh＝7.9mm)，压降稍许小于液力直径较小时(P1的dh＝7.4mm)。奇怪的是，填料P2中的压降减小到比由于液力直径而预期的减小要更大的程度。
就压力损失而言，在所调研的填料的典型条件下，它近似地反比于液力直径。这可以参照已证明的压力损失模型(见J.a.Rocha，J.L.Bravo，J.R.Fair，“含有结构性填料的蒸馏塔：其性能的综合模型I.液力模型”，Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.，1993，Vol.32，pp.641～651)来表示。因此结果是填料P2应当产生比填料P1小6.3％的压力损失。但是，测量到大得多的损失(参见图4，即减小约20％)。
如果带有相等的润湿表面而减少孔数，那么预期会：a)压力损失减少约6～7％，因为液力直径增大(可用与实验相对应的相互关系来证明)；b)压力损失增大一个不能放入图中的量，因为存在较少的孔而填料渗透性小；c)这两个量至少能彼此抵消。
事实上，得到下列经验：
压力损失减少约6～7％，因为液力直径增大；
压力损失进一步减少约14％，这只能归因于孔数的变化。
因此，织物填料中的孔对压力损失的增加产生作用。这一事实与学校的讲授完全相反。
在本发明所述的金属织物的交叉通道填料的使用中，金属织物形成一个液流的载体，该载体多半没有孔或其它开口。该方法需要按照下列关系式对液体负荷选择那些值：
          q′＝L/a＜0.01m3/mh＝10l/mh，式中所用参数具有下列含义：
L是塔截面的每单位表面的液体的单位体积中的比表面负荷；
a是金属织物跨越的比表面；而
q’是每单位时间每平方码织物的液体体积(平方码是在塔截面上测到的织物边缘的计算长度的两倍)。
量q’＝10ml/mh对应于用于织物填料的L＝4.5m3/m2h(每平方米塔截面和小时)，对于它a＝a’＝450m2/m3(无穿孔)。该最大负荷对一个总回流和对于下列情况是典型的：
在50mbar水头压力和一个F小于
Figure A20041004321800081
的F因子时的试验混合物顺-/反-十氢化萘；
在10mbar水头压力和 F < 5 Pa 时的试验混合物顺-/反-十氢化萘；
在50mbar水头压力和 F < 2.6 Pa 时的试验混合物氯苯/乙苯；
在100mbar水头压力和 F < 1.8 Pa 时的试验混合物氯苯/乙苯。
因此该负荷对于在100mbar的真空中使用交叉通道填料是典型的。
当多个填料件(10，10’，10”)配置在彼此的顶部上时和当下述条件应用时，按照本发明的交叉填料的使用是特别适用的：一个下端区(102)，一个中央区(100)和一个上端区(101)可以在填料件中分别区分。在两个端区(101，102)中，至少填料件两端中的一个的流动阻力由于一种合适的形状而相对于中央区减小。在该填料中，相对于压降形成一种附加的改进。端区(101，102)的形状是特别设计的，使得在每种情况下流动通道的局部方向逐渐地变化，因而流动通道具有S形的行程。

Claims (8)

1.对一种方法使用一种用金属织物制成的交叉通道填料，在该方法中，在一种液流和一种气流或蒸汽流之间进行物质和/或热量的交换，而该织物填料(1)由形成流动通道(13)的波状或打褶的金属织物(11，12)组成的垂直层(11’，12’)形成，该气流或蒸汽流在流动通道中流动，而液流在金属织物上流动，相邻层的流动通道以一种敞开的方式交叉，而在交叉通道之间的角度小于约100度，其特征在于，在该方法中，该织物填料由一相当小的液体负荷作用；该金属织物对液流构成一个大部分没有孔或其它开口的载体；液体负荷的值是按照下述关系式选择的：
                       L/a＜10l/mh
式中：L为该填料截面的每单位表面的液体的单位体积中的比表面负荷；而a为该金属织物所跨越的比表面。
2.按照权利要求1所述的交叉通道填料的使用，其特征在于，该液流和气流或蒸汽流沿相反方向流动。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的交叉通道的使用，其特征在于，
                       L/a＜11/mh。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的交叉通道的使用，其特征在于，
                       L/a＜0.21/mh。
5.按照权利要求1～4中任何一项所述的交叉通道填料的使用，其特征在于，该填料的比表面等于300～800m2/m3。
6.按照权利要求1～4中任何一项所述的交叉通道填料的使用，其特征在于，该填料的比表面等于300～500m2/m3。
7.按照权利要求1～6中任何一项所述的交叉通道填料的使用，其特征在于，多个填料件(10，10’，10”)被配置在彼此的顶部上；而且在每个填料件中能够分辨下端区(102)、中央区(100)和上端区(101)，在填料件的两端区(101，102)中至少一个端区的流动阻力由于一种合适的形状而相对于中央区是减小的。
8.按照权利要求7所述的交叉通道填料的使用，其特征在于，两端区(101，102)的形状被设计成使得在所有情况下流动通道的局部方向逐渐地变化。
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