CN85201327U - 多功能固定档小珠算盘 - Google Patents

多功能固定档小珠算盘 Download PDF

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CN85201327U
CN85201327U CN 85201327 CN85201327U CN85201327U CN 85201327 U CN85201327 U CN 85201327U CN 85201327 CN85201327 CN 85201327 CN 85201327 U CN85201327 U CN 85201327U CN 85201327 U CN85201327 U CN 85201327U
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靳利民
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Abstract

旧式算盘仍然“以珠定数”、“以星点定位”,而本算盘,有“数值记位档”,在运算时,应用新算法,即“左右空盘乘法”和“新求-除法”算出结果,不必再用“定位法”和“估商法”,从而使运算速度加快一倍,节省运算时间和降低了误算率。

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多功能固定档小珠算盘
算盘属于数字计算机类(国际专利分类号G06C)
算盘在我国作为算法的运算工具已经数百年,日本全国普遍使用,美国视为一项新技术引进,世界还有其他国家使用。
日本在一九八一年吉村亲房一项实用新型发明——算珠归位器(御破算器),算珠归位用。算盘仍然用“星点”标位,“以珠定数”,在运算加减法时可以,在运算乘除法时,还需用“定位法”和“估商法”,使用者掌握困难,由于定位失误为工作带来损失。
本实用新型的基本构思是把旧式算盘的结构加以改进,并结合靳利民新算法而提出一种固定档小珠算盘,该算盘为长条形,四框为硬木或硬塑材料制作,左侧为已有技术的计时显示盘(6)和电子储存数据显示盘(7),统称为计时记数显示部分,右侧为算盘主体,有23个支柱,支柱用竹子或硬塑材料制作,每个支柱串有六个珠子,横梁上为单珠,下为五珠,右数第十个支柱的横梁上标有“个”字样标记,并在这个支柱上串有六颗异色珠,称“固定档”(1),左数第二个支柱的横梁下串有一颗异色珠,为“求一异色珠”(5),横梁上标有-1、-2、-3、-4、字样是做小数运算用,其中标有-2和-3中间%号(2)为百分比运算用,在标有-3横梁下串有一异色珠(3)为保留二位小数做“四舍五入”用,在算盘上框有一突出按扭(4),已有技术做清盘归位用。
本实用新型做乘法和除法运算,即采用靳利民设计的“左右空盘乘”和“求一除”实施如下:
“左右空盘乘”:起算,尾数与尾数相乘,积数向左布数,即由低位向高位顺序布数;右算由左算最高积数档或前一“空档”起算向右布数。
如:387×658=254646
                十
                万        万    千    百    十    个                                固定档
                                                      5    6
                                              6      4
                                      2      4                                                左算第一盘
                              1      5
当档起算                      4      0                                                右算第二盘
                                              3      5
                    1    8
                          4        8
                                    4        2                                    右算第三盘
Figure 85201327_IMG2
直接读出固定档算珠数,为254646。
“求一除”:先定好三个类型的除数,有1.0几,1.1几和0.9几,均接近“1”,只要把除数稍加调正,用靳利民设计的倍数表,根据除数的字头1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8等数,其原数倒数为0.2倍、0.5倍、2倍、2.5倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍等,在运算时,把任何除数都视为0。几的小数入盘或加倍入盘,用固定档标出。除数为0。几小数时,除数和商数接近,除数为0.13最大差距为0.87,除数为0.89最大差距为0.11,用固定档标出被除数,当其变为商数时,其档位不变直接读出商数。如:
374415÷54.5=6870
视除数为0.545,则被除数变为3744.15
Figure 85201327_IMG3
商数直接读出为6870
(%比算例:12000)/125000 ×100%=9.6%
从固定档上算珠数读出9.6%
小数第二位异色珠算例:
31458÷6747=4.66(小数第二位)
视6747为0.6747入盘
Figure 85201327_IMG5
加0.5倍求出固定除数与最接近商数的被除数
Figure 85201327_IMG6

Claims (4)

1、算盘属于数字计算机类,现有算盘为长方形或长条形,硬木或硬塑的四框及支柱,支柱有的是竹子的,盘上横框有一按纽,清盘用,记时和计数器是数字计算机类已有技术,本实用新型特征在于,左侧为电子显示器,右侧为算盘的主体,成为组合体,盘上横梁标有百亿、十亿、亿、千万、百万、十万、万、千、百、十、个、-1、-2、%、-3、-4等字样。
2、如权利要求1所述,横梁明显标有“百亿、十亿、…”等字样,进一步特征,在“个”字样横梁上下方均为异色珠,称“固定挡”(1)。
3、如权利要求1所述,横梁明显标有“…-1、-2、%、-3、-4”、字样,进一步特征,在“-3”字样横梁下第一颗为异色珠(3)。
4、如权利要求1所述,明显标有字样的横梁下方,在左数第二个支柱上有颗异色珠,称“求一异色珠”(5)。
CN 85201327 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 多功能固定档小珠算盘 Expired - Lifetime CN85201327U (zh)

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CN 85201327 CN85201327U (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 多功能固定档小珠算盘
JP1986048896U JPH0138684Y2 (zh) 1985-04-01 1986-04-01

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH0650025Y2 (ja) * 1988-02-15 1994-12-14 久子 加藤 暗算練習用そろばん

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS5018286U (zh) * 1973-06-14 1975-02-28
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