DE4017626A1 - Blutgefaesskoagulations-/-blutstillungs-einrichtung - Google Patents
Blutgefaesskoagulations-/-blutstillungs-einrichtungInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/2812—Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
- A61B17/282—Jaws
- A61B2017/2825—Inserts of different material in jaws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00083—Electrical conductivity low, i.e. electrically insulating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
- A61B2018/00119—Coatings on the energy applicator with metal oxide nitride
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1425—Needle
- A61B2018/143—Needle multiple needles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1467—Probes or electrodes therefor using more than two electrodes on a single probe
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Blutgefäßkoagulati
ons-/-blutstillungseinrichtung, die zum Stoppen von Blutun
gen aus Blutgefäßen verwendet wird, insbesondere während
chirurgischen Gehirnnervenoperationen, orthopädischen chir
urgischen Operationen und allgemeinen chirurgischen Opera
tionen.
In einer konventionellen Blutgefäßkoagulations
/-blutstillungseinrichtung vom bipolaren Typ wird Hochfre
quenzstrom verwendet. Insbesondere wird eine Anzahl solcher
konventioneller Einrichtungen verwendet, in denen ein Fun
kenstreckenverfahren angewandt wird, um Hochfrequenz im Be
reich von 0,5 bis 3 MHz zu erzeugen. Die beiden Elektroden
(aktive und inaktive Elektrode) der Einrichtung vom bipola
ren Typ sind an beiden Enden eines Paars von Zangenarmen
einer Zange vorgesehen, die mittels der Hand zu halten ist.
Elektrischer Strom fließt nur durch dasjenige lebende Ge
webe, das zwischen den Enden der Zangenarme gehalten wird.
Da eine elektrische Schädigung bei einem Patienten nur an
einem beschränkten Teil, der koaguliert werden soll, ausge
übt wird, kann ein Auslaufen eines Blutgefäßes vollständig
gestoppt werden, ohne daß andere Gewebe geschädigt werden.
Genauer gesagt, wird die Blutstillungswirkung der Einricht
ung durch Koagulieren des Blutgefäßes erzielt, und zwar un
ter Anwenden von lokalisierter Erhitzung, die durch den
Hochfrequenzstrom bewirkt wird, welcher durch das lebende
Gewebe fließt.
Jedoch wird als Material für die konventionellen Zangen
meistens rostfreier Stahl verwendet. Titan, das leicht und
korrosionswiderstandsfähig ist, wird derzeit auch verwen
det. Da diese Zangen, die aus Metall hergestellt sind, eine
hohe thermische Leitfähigkeit haben, haben sie die Tendenz,
Wärme leicht zu leiten. Aufgrund dieser Tendenz wird die
Wärme eines lokal erhitzten Blutgefäßes auf die Metallzange
rückübertragen. Da ein Paar von Zangenarmen einer solchen
Zange verwendet wird, nimmt die Temperatur an den vorderen
Endteilen der Zangenarme allmählich zu. Das bewirkt eine
Verbrennung zwischen den Enden der Metallzangenarme und des
Blutgefäßes. Als Ergebnis hiervon kommt es dazu, daß ein
Teil des Blutgefäßes an den Enden der Zangenarme anklebt
und anhaftet. Die hierbei wirkende Kleb- bzw. Haftkraft ist
größer als die Koagulationskraft des Blutgefäßes. Wenn da
her die Enden der Zangenarme voneinander getrennt werden,
nachdem das Blutgefäß koaguliert worden ist, kommt es oft
dazu, daß der Koagulationsteil des Blutgefäßes abgetrennt
und entfernt wird. Das bewirkt, daß das Blutgefäß reißt und
führt zu einem Defekt beim Stoppen der Blutung, insbeson
dere führt es oft dazu, daß ein solches Stoppen der Blutung
nicht erreicht wird. Außerdem muß die angebrannte und ver
brannte Substanz, die an den Enden (Elektroden) der Zangen
arme anklebt und anhaftet, abgeschabt werden, und die Zan
genarmenden müssen für den nachfolgenden Gebrauch oft in
mühsamer Weise gereinigt werden. Außerdem verursacht diese
Abschab- und Schleifarbeit, mit der die angebrannte und
verbrannte Substanz von den Enden der Zangenarme entfernt
wird, unzweckmäßige Schwierigkeiten, nämlich insbesondere
Änderungen in den Formen der Enden der Zangenarme und eine
Verminderung in der Genauigkeit der Zangenarme, insbeson
dere hinsichtlich ihres Zusammenpassens und ihrer Handha
bung sowie ihrer Greifgenauigkeit.
Um die oben genannten Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden, haben
die Erfinder der Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungsein
richtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Vielfalt an
Untersuchungen und Experimenten durchgeführt. Hierbei kamen
die Erfinder schließlich dahin, daß sie eine erfolgreiche
wesentliche Verbesserung der Einrichtung erzielten, indem
sie eine elektrisch isolierende gesinterte Substanz, wie
insbesondere Zirkondioxidkeramik, mit einer niedrigen
Wärmeleitfähigkeit als das wirksamste Mittel zum Verhindern
des Anbrennens und Verbrennens und des Anklebens und Anhaf
tens von lebenden Geweben an den Enden der Zangenarme
erfindungsgemäß vorsahen und verwendeten, sowie außerdem,
indem sie erfindungsgemäß aus leitfähigem Harzklebstoff
ausgebildete, die von der isolierenden gesinterten Substanz
freiliegende Elektroden herstellten, um zu verhindern, daß
ein unerwünschter Temperaturanstieg bei der Benutzung der
Einrichtung stattfindet und Wärme von einem Blutgefäß zu
den Enden der Zangenarme in merklichem Umfang übertragen
wird, so daß auf diese Weise ein vollständiges Stoppen der
Blutung erzielt wird, und zwar insbesondere ohne die Gefahr
eines Aufreißens des Blutgefäßes aufgrund eines Anklebens
und Anhaftens von angebranntem und verbranntem Gewebe beim
Wegziehen der Einrichtung. Diese von den Erfindern so ge
fundene und entwickelte Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstil
lungseinrichtung ist in bevorzugten Ausführungsformen in
den Patentansprüchen angegeben.
Die Erfindung sei nachstehend anhand einiger in den Figuren
der Zeichnung dargestellter, bevorzugter Ausführungsformen
näher beschrieben und erläutert; es zeigen:
Fig. 1 eine Gesamtstruktur einer Ausführungsform der
Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 2 eine gegenüber Fig. 1 vergrößerte perspektivi
sche Teilansicht eines Abschnitts A der Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 eine gegenüber der Fig. 2 vergrößerte Vertikal
schnitt-Seitenansicht des Endes eines Zangenarms,
der das in Fig. 2 gezeigte Blutgefäßkontaktteil
aufweist;
Fig. 4 eine gegenüber Fig. 3 vergrößerte perspektivi
sche Teilansicht des Endes des Zangenarms einer
weiterentwickelten Ausführungsform der vorliegen
den Erfindung; und
Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht längs der Linie V-V der Fig.
4.
In der nun folgenden detaillierten Beschreibung der Erfin
dung anhand von Ausführungsformen derselben, die unter Be
zugnahme auf die Figuren der Zeichnung erfolgt, sei zu
nächst auf Fig. 1 bezug genommen, die einen Gesamtaufbau
einer Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung vom
bipolaren Typ gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung
zeigt. Mit 1 ist ein Paar von Zangenarmen bezeichnet, die
dazu verwendet werden, ein Blutgefäß zu halten und zu ko
agulieren, um eine Blutung/Auslaufen von Blut zu stoppen.
Die Griffabschnitte der Zangenarme 1 sind mit einer isolie
renden Beschichtung S bedeckt. Die Enden A der Zangenarme
1, die in Fig. 2 vergrößert dargestellt sind, bestehen aus
einem Paar von Blutgefäßhalteabschnitten 10, die besonders
bevorzugt aus rostfreiem Stahl oder Titan hergestellt sind.
Die innenseitige Oberfläche des Blutgefäßhalteabschnitts
10, welche das jeweilige Blutgefäß B aktuell kontaktiert,
besteht aus einem Blutgefäßkontaktteil 10 a, das aus einer
elektrisch isolierenden gesinterten Substanz hergestellt
ist. Auf dem Blutgefäßkontaktteil 10 a sind freiliegende
Elektroden 10 b vorgesehen, die aus leitfähigem Harzkleb
stoff zusammengesetzt oder ausgebildet sind. Mit 2 ist eine
Leistungsquelleneinheit bezeichnet, die dazu dient, Hoch
frequenzstrom zu erzeugen. Die Leistung der Leistungsquel
leneinheit 2 wird den Zangenarmen 1 über ein flexibles Ka
bel 4 zugeführt und mittels eines Fußschalters 3 ein- und
ausgeschaltet. Als leitfähiger Harzklebstoff wurde in einer
besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen
Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung das unter
der Handelsbezeichnung "DOTITE" vertriebene leitfähige Harz
verwendet, welches von der Fujikura Chemical Co., Ltd. her
gestellt wird. Diese leitfähige Harzklebstoff enthält Sil
berpulver hoher Reinheit als leitfähigen Füllstoff und in
hohem Maße wärmewiderstandsfähiges Epoxyharz. Der Klebstoff
ist ein nichtlösender Klebstoff bzw. ein Nicht-Lösungsmit
tel-Klebstoff vom Ein-Lösungs-Typ mit 100% Feststoffge
halt. Die Eigenschaften des Klebstoffs sind in der nachfol
genden Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.
| Gehalt | |
| Silberpulver, Epoxyharz, Härtungsmittel | |
| Aussehen | silberweiße Paste |
| Viskosität | 300 bis 500 Poise (Viscotester VT-02) |
| spezifisches Gewicht | 2,7 (Wichte-Prüfbecherverfahren) |
| spezif. Widerstand | 5,0 × 10-4 Ω-cm oder weniger |
| Adhäsionsfestigkeit | 75 kg/cm² (Zug-/Scherfestigkeit nach JIS K6850, Cu-Cu) |
Das Blutgefäßkontaktteil 10 a ist aus einer elektrisch iso
lierenden gesinterten Substanz (Keramik) hergestellt, wie
beispielsweise Zirkondioxid. Die gesinterte Substanz ist in
hohem Maße korrosionswiderstandsfähig oder korrosionsfest
und sehr hart. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit einer gesinterten
Zirkondioxidsubstanz beträgt zum Beispiel 0,009
cal·cm/cm2·sec.°C bei 20°C. Dieser Wert ist bei weitem
kleiner als der entsprechende Wert von 0,039
cal·cm/cm2·sec.°C von rostfreiem Stahl und der entspre
chende Wert von 0,04 cal·cm/cm2·sec.°C von Titan. Die Wär
meleitfähigkeit der gesinterten Zirkondioxidsubstanz ist
infolgedessen wesentlich kleiner als diejenige von solchen
Metallmaterialien. Daher wird die Wärme, die durch den Fluß
des Hochfrequenzstroms von den freiliegenden Elektroden 10 b
zu einem Blutgefäß erzeugt wird, bei weitem weniger durch
die Blutgefäßkontaktteile 10 a, die aus der gesinterten Sub
stanz hergestellt sind, abgestrahlt und/oder zurückgelei
tet. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß ein Teil eines kauteri
sierten Blutgefäßes an den Blutgefäßkontaktteilen 10 a an
haftet und anklebt.
In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfin
dung sind die freiliegenden Elektroden 10 b wie eine Viel
zahl von Punkten auf den Blutgefäßkontaktteilen 10 a ver
teilt und aus leitfähigem bzw. elektrisch leitfähigem Harz
klebstoff hergestellt. Im einzelnen ist eine Mehrzahl von
kleinen Durchgangslöchern 10 e auf und in den isolierenden
Blutgefäßkontaktteilen 10 a, die aus einer gesinterten Sub
stanz, wie beispielsweise Zirkondioxid, hergestellt sind,
vorgesehen. In die Durchgangslöcher 10 e wird der oben er
wähnte leitfähige Harzklebstoff gefüllt, so daß in diesen
Durchgangslöchern die Elektroden 10 b erzeugt werden und
gleichzeitig das Kontaktteil 10 a, das eine flache Chip-
bzw. Substratform bzw. die Form eines flachen Stückchens
hat, in einer Ausnehmung 10 d, die an bzw. in dem vorderen
Endteil des Blutgefäßhalteabschnitts 10 ausgebildet ist,
über eine leitfähige Harzklebschicht 10 c befestigt wird.
Überdies liegt der leitfähige Harzklebstoff von den Durch
gangslöchern 10 e auf der vorderen Oberflächenseite frei, so
daß auf diese Weise die freiliegenden Elektroden 10 b wie
eine Vielzahl von Punkten auf dieser Oberfläche verteilt
sind, wie besonders gut aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich ist. Das
richtige Flächenverhältnis der Elektroden 10 b, die über die
Oberfläche des Blutgefäßkontaktteils 10 a verteilt sind,
liegt im Bereich zwischen 5% und 60%. Wenn das Verhältnis
60% übersteigt, wird die mechanische Festigkeit des aus
Keramik hergestellten Blutgefäßkontaktteils 10 a klein; wenn
das Verhältnis geringer als 5% ist, wird keine angemessene
Kauterisierungs- und Blutstillungswirkung erhalten, wie
durch Experimente der Erfinder bestätigt worden ist.
Da die freiliegenden Elektroden 10 b dieser Ausführungsform,
wie oben beschrieben, wie eine Vielzahl von Punkten oder
Flecken verteilt sind, ist der elektrische Strom von dem
Blutgefäßkontaktteil 10 a zu dem Blutgefäß B fast gleich
förmig, so daß eine übermäßige lokalisierte Erhitzung ver
hindert wir. Die Blutgefäßkontaktteile 10 a können auch un
ter Verwendung der freiliegenden Elektroden 10 b, die aus
dem leitfähigen Harzklebstoff hergestellt sind, an den
Blutgefäßhalteabschnitten 10 befestigt werden. Dadurch wird
die Produktionsleistungsfähigkeit in hohem Maße erhöht.
Die Oberflächen der Blutgefäßkontaktteile 10 a werden beson
ders bevorzugt wie eine Spiegeloberfläche mit einer Ober
flächenrauhigkeit von 1 Ra = 1 µm Durchschnittshöhe der
Rauhigkeiten zwischen konkav und konvex bzw. 1 µm mittlere
Rauhigkeit, oder besser geschliffen und/oder poliert, so
daß Substanzen, die angebrannt oder verbrannt sind und an
den Oberflächen der Teile 10 a anhaften oder ankleben,
leicht entfernt werden können.
Die Vickers-Härte der Zirkondioxidkeramik beträgt 1250 kg/mm2
oder mehr, so daß sich eine bei weitem größere Härte
ergibt als es diejenige von Metallmaterialien, wie bei
spielsweise rostfreiem Stahl und Titan, ist. Daher kann,
selbst wenn Gewebe eines Blutgefäßes teilweise angebrannt
oder verbrannt wird und fest an den Blutgefäßkontaktteilen
10 a, die aus der gesinterten Substanz hergestellt sind,
fest anhaftet oder anklebt, ein solches Gewebe leicht mit
einem Messer o.dgl. abgeschabt werden, ohne daß die Ober
flächen der Kontaktteile beschädigt werden. Es sei jedoch
darauf hingewiesen, daß ein solches Anbrennen oder Verbren
nen sowie Anhaften oder Ankleben von Gewebe eines Blutge
fäßes bei weitem sehr viel weniger und sehr viel seltener
vorkommt als bei den oben genannten Blutkontaktteilen aus
Metall.
Es sei nun unter Bezugnahme auf die Fig. 4 und 5 eine
gegenüber der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsform weiterent
wickelte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung be
schrieben und erläutert. Diese weiterentwickelte Ausfüh
rungsform umfaßt weiter eine freiliegende Elektrode 10 f,
die an dem vorderen Ende des Blutgefäßkontaktteils 10 a an
geordnet ist. Zusätzlich zur Koagulation und Blutstillung
ist mit der freiliegenden Elektrode 10 f ein Durchschneiden
von Blutgefäßen möglich. Dieses Merkmal wird geboten, um
die nachfolgend angegebenen Bedürfnisse zu erfüllen. Wäh
rend einer Operation müssen viele Blutgefäße in ihren Zen
tren blutgestillt und durchgeschnitten werden, damit der
Operateur zu einem tieferen Abschnitt fortschreiten kann.
Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist es notwendig, Werkzeuge zu wech
seln, nämlich von der Zange zu einer Schere überzugehen, um
den blutgestillten Abschnitt von jedem Blutgefäß durchzu
schneiden, wenn eine Einrichtung ohne Schneidfunktion ver
wendet wird, was zur Folge hat, daß der Operateur häufig
die Werkzeuge wechseln muß, nämlich von der Zange zu einer
Schere und von der Schere zu einer Zange übergehen muß.
Dieses Wechseln ist extrem mühsam und verlängert die Opera
tionszeit nicht unbeträchtlich.
Wenn die Schneidfunktion dadurch inkorporiert wird, daß die
Elektrode, welche zum Koagulieren, Blutstillen und Durch
schneiden von Blutgefäßen in der Lage ist, verwendet wird,
dann kann der Operateur mit dem Blutstillen und Durch
schneiden fortfahren, während er die Zange weiter in der
Hand hält. Das schaltet die Notwendigkeit eines Werkzeug
wechselns aus, um angebrannte oder verbrannte Gewebe zu
entfernen, um die Zange zu reinigen, und um Blutgefäße
durchzuschneiden. Als Ergebnis hiervon wird die Ope
rationszeit beträchtlich verkürzt.
Um die oben erwähnten Ziele und Vorteile zu erreichen, wird
die freiliegende Elektrode 10 f, die an dem vordersten Ende
der Zange bzw. der Zangenarme angeordnet ist, in der Form
einer langgestreckten, vorzugsweise rechteckigen, Platte
ausgebildet, und zwar so, daß sie eine Fläche hat, die wei
ter bzw. breiter als diejenige der anderen freiliegenden
Elektroden 10 b ist. Der Leistungszuführungsdraht 10 h, der
mit der Elektrode 10 f verbunden ist, ist ein anderer als
der Leistungszuführungsdraht 10 g, der mit den freiliegenden
Elektroden 10 b verbunden ist. Der Leistungszuführungsdraht
10 h ist in einer isolierenden Beschichtung S 1 eingebettet.
Das Umschalten zwischen den Leistungszuführungsdrähten 10g
und 10h wird zum Beispiel durch den Fußschalter 3 gesteuert
bzw. bewirkt. Für Koagulations- und Blutstillungsarbeit
wird ein Hochfrequenzstrom mit einer mild bzw. sanft an
steigenden Wellenform sowohl an die freiliegenden Elektrode
10 b als auch an die freiliegenden Elektrode 10 f angelegt.
Zum Durchschneiden eines Blutgefäßes werden die frei
liegenden Elektroden 10 b abgeschaltet, und ein Impulsstrom
mit einer steil ansteigenden Wellenform wird nur an die
freiliegende Elektrode 10 f angelegt. Es ist wünschenswert,
daß sowohl die freiliegende Elektrode 10 f als die freilie
genden Elektroden 10 b unter Verwendung von leitfähigem
Harzklebstoff ausgebildet wird bzw. werden, der vorzugs
weise die Eigenschaften hat, die bereits in Tabelle 1
aufgelistet sind.
Im Gegensatz zu den konventionellen Einrichtungen schaltet
diese weiterentwickelte Ausführungsform der Erfindung die
Notwendigkeit eines Werkzeugwechsels von einer Zange zu ei
ner Schere aus, indem ein Blutgefäß unter Verwendung der
freiliegende Elektrode 10 f nach Koagulation und Blutstil
lung durchgeschnitten wird. Koagulation, Blutstillung und
Durchschneiden können mittels eines einzigen Paars von Zan
genarmen ausgeführt werden, wodurch eine höhere Bequemlich
keit, Effektivität und Schnelligkeit sichergestellt werden.
Zusätzlich zu der oben beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausfüh
rungsform und der vorstehend beschriebenen weiterentwickel
ten Ausführungsform umfaßt die vorliegende Erfindung die
folgenden wahlweisen Ausführungsformen, die auch, soweit
das möglich und sinnvoll ist, miteinander und mit der be
vorzugten Ausführungsform sowie mit der weiterentwickelten
Ausführungsform kombiniert werden können:
- a) Anstelle von Metall kann auch Kunststoff oder Keramik als das Material der Zange oder der Zangenarme verwen det werden, vorausgesetzt, daß innerhalb der Zangen arme leitfähige Drähte oder Muster oder aufgedruckte oder in sonstiger Weise aufgebrachte Leiter eingebet tet sind, um elektrische Leitfähigkeit vorzusehen bzw. die Elektroden mit der Leistungsversorgungsquelle zu verbinden.
- b) Das Blutgefäßkontaktteil ist über den Blutgefäßkon taktabschnitt hinaus verlängert und über die gesamte Oberfläche der Zange bzw. der Zangenarme ausgebildet, um die Formung zu erleichtern.
- c) Anstelle des Anlegens von Impulsstrom mit einer steil ansteigenden Wellenform an die freiliegende Elektrode für das Durchschneiden wird Hochfrequenzstrom mit ho her Stromenergie zum Durchschneiden angelegt.
Die oben angegebene Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungs
einrichtung vom bipolaren Typ mit der Zange bzw. dem Zan
genarmen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bietet die
nachstehenden Wirkungen:
- 1) Eine Blutstillung wird während der Operation sicherge stellt. Das verkürzt die Operationszeit beträchtlich.
- 2) Der Betrag an Blutung bzw. an Auslaufen von Blut kann vermindert werden. Dadurch kommt es für einen Patien ten zu weniger schweren Operationsschädigungen.
- 3) Der Arbeitsaufwand zum Abschaben einer an den Enden der Zangenarme anhaftenden oder klebenden Substanz kann vollständig oder doch in einem sehr hohen Maße eingespart werden. Selbst wenn es dazu kommt, daß eine solche Substanz an den Enden der Zangenarme anhaftet oder anklebt, was sehr viel weniger als bei konventio nellen Einrichtungen vorkommt, kann diese Substanz leicht abgeschabt werden. Da die Enden der Zangenarme sehr hart sind, bleibt ihre Form trotz eventuellen Ab schabens unverändert. Dadurch wird eine hohe Genauig keit der Zangenarme, insbesondere der Form und Betäti gungsgenauigkeit der Zangenarme, während einer verlän gerten, sehr ausgedehnten Zeitdauer sichergestellt.
- 4) Durch Verwendung von elektrisch leitfähigem Harz klebstoff, insbesondere des oben angegebenen elek trisch leitfähigen Harzklebstoffs, als Elektroden, können die Elektroden leicht in komplizierten Formen ausgebildet werden, wodurch die Produktionsleistungs fähigkeit in hohem Maße verbessert wird.
- 5) Die Wärmebeanspruchung, die aufgrund des Unterschieds in dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten zwischen Metall und Keramik erzeugt wird, insbesondere während einer Autoklavensterilisierung, kann durch den elektrisch und thermisch leitfähigen Harzklebstoff, der Metall pulver enthält, an der Klebstoffschicht absorbiert bzw. aufgenommen werden. Es wird auf diese Weise ver hindert, daß die Keramik des Blutgefäßkontaktteils bricht, so daß diese Keramik eine sehr lange Ge brauchslebensdauer hat. Es ist infolgedessen eine Au toklavensterilisierung möglich, wodurch die Notwendig keit ausgeschaltet wird, eine Gassterilisierung anzu wenden. Dadurch wird die Sterilisierungszeit in hohem Maße vermindert.
- 6) Im Fall der weiterentwickelten Ausführungsform kann ein einziges Paar von Zangenarmen dazu verwendet wer den, Blutgefäße zu koagulieren, blutzustillen und durchzuschneiden. Das schaltet die Notwendigkeit der Verwendung einer Schere und die Notwendigkeit eines Werkzeugwechsels aus, wodurch eine leichte, relativ ruhige und verkürzte Operation sichergestellt wird. Dieser Vorteil ist von hohem Wert, insbesondere im Falle einer Operation, die sich - aus sonstigen, ins besondere operationsinhärenten Gründen - über eine lange Zeit erstreckt, weil durch die Erfindung eine Menge an mühsamer Arbeit eingespart und die Operati onszeit verkürzt werden kann.
Mit der Erfindung wird eine Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blut
stillungseinrichtung zur Verfügung gestellt, bei deren Ge
brauch ein Hochfrequenzstrom zwischen einem Paar von Zan
genarmen fließen gelassen wird, wobei ein Blutgefäß zwi
schen den Enden der Zangenarme gehalten wird, um das Blut
gefäß zu kauterisieren, zu koagulieren und blutzustillen.
Diese Einrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß der Blut
gefäßhalteabschnitt der Zangenarme ein Blutgefäßkontaktteil
umfaßt, das aus einer elektrisch isolierenden gesinterten
Substanz mit einer niedrigen Wärmeleitfähigkeit hergestellt
ist. Das Blutgefäßkontaktteil ist auf seiner Oberfläche mit
exponierten bzw. freiliegenden Elektroden in einem Flächen
verhältnis bzw. -anteil von zwischen 5% und 60%, bezogen
auf die gesamte Oberfläche des Blutgefäßkontaktteils, ver
sehen. Mit dieser Einrichtung wird der Blutgefäßkontakt
abschnitt der Zangenarme nicht übermäßig erhitzt, wodurch
verhindert wird, daß ein Blutgefäß anbrennt oder verbrennt.
Das schaltet jedes Blutstillungsversagen aufgrund des Ent
fernens bzw. Wegreißens eines koagulierten, an der Zange
anhaftenden Blutgefäßteils aus und stellt eine überragende
Koagulation und Blutstillung sicher. Außerdem hat eine vor
zugsweise vorgesehene exponierte bzw. freiliegende Elek
trode, die am vordersten Ende von vorzugsweise jedem der
beiden Zangenarme vorgesehen ist, Schneid-, Koagulations
und Blutstillfunktionen, so daß eine einzige Einheit der
Einrichtung für die Koagulation, die Blutstillung und das
Schneiden, insbesondere Durchschneiden, verwendet werden
kann.
Vorzugsweise sind zwei gleiche bzw. gleichartige Elektroden
an den Zangenarmen vorgesehen.
Claims (8)
1. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung vom
bipolaren Typ, umfassend ein Paar von leitfähigen Zangenar
men (1), die mit einer elektrischen Hochfrequenz-Leistungs
quelleneinheit (2) verbunden sind, so daß ein Hochfrequenz
strom zwischen den Enden der Zangenarme (1) fließen gelas
sen werden kann, wobei ein Blutgefäß (B) zwischen Blutge
fäßhalteabschnitten (10) gehalten wird, die an den vorderen
Endteilen der Zangenarme (1) vorgesehen sind, um das Blut
gefäß (B) zu kauterisieren, zu koagulieren und blutzustil
len, wobei diese Einrichtung dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß der Blutgefäßhalteabschnitt (10)
ein Blutgefäßkontaktteil (10 a) umfaßt, das aus einer elek
trisch isolierenden, gesinterten Substanz mit einer niedri
gen Wärmeleitfähigkeit hergestellt ist, und daß das Blutge
fäßkontaktteil (10 a) auf seiner Oberfläche mit exponierten
bzw. freiliegenden Elektroden (10 b) in einem Flächenver
hältnis bzw. -anteil von zwischen 5% und 60% zu der ge
samten Oberfläche bzw. bezogen auf die gesamte Oberfläche
des Blutgefäßkontaktteils (10 a) versehen ist.
2. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die exponierten bzw. freiliegenden Elektroden (10 b) aus
leitfähigem bzw. elektrisch leitfähigem Harzklebstoff her
gestellt sind.
3. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich
net, daß das Blutgefäßkontaktteil (10 a) eine flache
Chip-, Substrat- oder Stückchenform hat und in einer Aus
nehmung (10 d) der Zangenarme (1) über eine leitfähige bzw.
elektrisch leitfähige Harzklebstoffschicht (10 c) angebracht
und befestigt ist.
4. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß das Blutgefäßkontaktteil (10 a) eine
Mehrzahl von Durchgangslöchern (10 e) in der Richtung der
Dicke des Blutgefäßkontaktteils (10 a) hat, und daß leitfä
higer bzw. elektrisch leitfähiger Harzklebstoff in die
Durchgangslöcher (10 e) gefüllt ist, so daß die exponierten
bzw. freiliegenden Elektroden (10 b) wie eine Mehrzahl von
Punkten, Flecken o.dgl. auf der Oberfläche des Blutgefäß
kontaktteils (10 a) verteilt sind.
5. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß eine exponierte bzw. freiliegende
Elektrode (10 f), die an dem vordersten Ende der Zange bzw.
Zangenarme (1) angeordnet ist, weiter eine Schneidfunktion
wie auch eine Koagulations- und Blutstillungsfunktion um
faßt.
6. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß das Blutgefäßkontaktteil (10 a) er
streckungsmäßig über die gesamte Oberfläche der Zange bzw.
Zangenarme (1) vorgesehen ist.
7. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß die elektrisch isolierende, gesin
terte Substanz Keramik ist, die aus irgendeinem der folgen
den Substanzen oder mehreren der folgenden Substanzen her
gestellt ist: Zirkondioxid, Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumnitrid
und/oder Siliciumcarbid.
8. Blutgefäßkoagulations-/-blutstillungseinrichtung
nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 dadurch gekenn
zeichnet, daß der leitfähige bzw. elektrisch
leitfähige Harzklebstoff ein auf Epoxyharz basierender,
nichtlösender bzw. lösungsmittelfreier Harzklebstoff vom
Ein-Lösungs-Typ mit 100% Feststoffgehalt, enthaltend Sil
berpulver hoher Reinheit, ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1140192A JP2840674B2 (ja) | 1989-05-31 | 1989-05-31 | 血管凝固止血装置 |
| JP2140376A JP3010265B2 (ja) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | 血管凝固止血装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4017626A1 true DE4017626A1 (de) | 1990-12-06 |
| DE4017626C2 DE4017626C2 (de) | 1993-07-01 |
Family
ID=26472788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017626A Granted DE4017626A1 (de) | 1989-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | Blutgefaesskoagulations-/-blutstillungs-einrichtung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5151102A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE4017626A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2647683B1 (de) |
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| EP4547134A1 (de) * | 2022-06-30 | 2025-05-07 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Backenelement eines instrumentenendeffektors und zugehörige vorrichtungen, systeme und verfahren |
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| DE8631723U1 (de) * | 1986-11-27 | 1987-01-15 | Aesculap-Werke Ag Vormals Jetter & Scheerer, 7200 Tuttlingen | Pinzette, insbesondere chirurgische Koagulationspinzette |
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| US3460539A (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1969-08-12 | James E Anhalt Sr | Cautery tip |
| US3685518A (en) * | 1970-07-29 | 1972-08-22 | Aesculap Werke Ag | Surgical instrument for high-frequency surgery |
| US4248231A (en) * | 1978-11-16 | 1981-02-03 | Corning Glass Works | Surgical cutting instrument |
| US4314559A (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1982-02-09 | Corning Glass Works | Nonstick conductive coating |
| US4333467A (en) * | 1979-12-12 | 1982-06-08 | Corning Glass Works | Nonstick conductive coating |
| WO1981003271A1 (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1981-11-26 | American Hospital Supply Corp | A multipolar electrosurgical device |
| FR2573301B3 (fr) * | 1984-11-16 | 1987-04-30 | Lamidey Gilles | Pince chirurgicale et son appareillage de commande et de controle |
| DE3447156A1 (de) * | 1984-12-22 | 1986-07-03 | Hermann 7803 Gundelfingen Sutter | Bipolares greifinstrument insbesondere fuer die allgemeinchirurgie |
| DE3501411A1 (de) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-17 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum koagulieren mittels eines elektochirurgischen instruments und verwendung einer substanz zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| US4765331A (en) * | 1987-02-10 | 1988-08-23 | Circon Corporation | Electrosurgical device with treatment arc of less than 360 degrees |
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1990
- 1990-05-31 FR FR9006806A patent/FR2647683B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 US US07/530,994 patent/US5151102A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-31 DE DE4017626A patent/DE4017626A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8631723U1 (de) * | 1986-11-27 | 1987-01-15 | Aesculap-Werke Ag Vormals Jetter & Scheerer, 7200 Tuttlingen | Pinzette, insbesondere chirurgische Koagulationspinzette |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29502764U1 (de) * | 1995-02-20 | 1995-03-30 | Stuckenbrock Medizintechnik Gmbh, 78532 Tuttlingen | Instrument für die Elektro-Chirurgie |
| US5879362A (en) * | 1996-12-14 | 1999-03-09 | Slg Kunststoff-Fabrik Und Formenbau Gmbh | Surgical instrument of a ceramic material and process for forming same |
| EP0956826A3 (de) * | 1998-05-11 | 2001-04-11 | Gebr. Berchtold GmbH & Co. | Hochfrequenzchirurgie-Instrument mit einem Fluidzuführungskanal |
| DE10028413A1 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-09-20 | Herbert Maslanka | Elektrochirurgisches Instrument mit reduzierter Elektrodenfläche |
| DE10028413B4 (de) * | 2000-03-14 | 2015-06-25 | Herbert Maslanka | Elektrochirurgisches Instrument mit reduzierter Elektrodenfläche |
| DE102005031237A1 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-04 | Gfe Nanomedical International Ag | Klingenblatt für minimalinvasiv-chirurgische Scheren |
| WO2007141337A3 (de) * | 2006-06-08 | 2008-02-14 | Celon Ag Medical Instruments | Vorrichtung zum schneiden und koagulieren von gewebe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5151102A (en) | 1992-09-29 |
| FR2647683B1 (fr) | 1993-02-12 |
| FR2647683A1 (fr) | 1990-12-07 |
| DE4017626C2 (de) | 1993-07-01 |
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| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
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