EP0134951A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour dispenser et répandre sur grandes surfaces des liquides électriquement conducteurs - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour dispenser et répandre sur grandes surfaces des liquides électriquement conducteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0134951A1
EP0134951A1 EP84107625A EP84107625A EP0134951A1 EP 0134951 A1 EP0134951 A1 EP 0134951A1 EP 84107625 A EP84107625 A EP 84107625A EP 84107625 A EP84107625 A EP 84107625A EP 0134951 A1 EP0134951 A1 EP 0134951A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
nozzle
capillary
capillaries
drops
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84107625A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0134951B1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Dipl.-Phys. Simm
Jürgen Dr. Langeheine
Heinz-Josef Dr. Niessen
Hans-Jürgen Dr. Rosslenbroich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Priority to AT84107625T priority Critical patent/ATE25597T1/de
Publication of EP0134951A1 publication Critical patent/EP0134951A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0134951B1 publication Critical patent/EP0134951B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for dispensing and distributing electrically conductive liquids with a specific resistance ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ .m, in particular aqueous plant protection agent solutions.
  • the method has the disadvantage that only organic liquids whose specific electrical resistance is in a certain range (approx. 10 4 ⁇ .m to 10 7 ⁇ .m) can be atomized and separated electrostatically.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a method for the large-area distribution of aqueous liquids and the necessary device, wherein the above conditions are met.
  • the liquid is discharged from a nozzle or capillary at such a low flow rate that it forms a coherent liquid thread immediately behind the nozzle or capillary, which then disintegrates into individual drops and that by applying an electrical one Voltage on the liquid thread, at least 500 V to earth, the drop size is stabilized and a spray or rain cone is generated, the opening angle of which depends on the level of the voltage.
  • the flow rate is preferably adjusted, taking into account the dimensions of the nozzle or the capillary, via the operating pressure so that the length of the continuous liquid thread behind the outlet opening is 2 to 100 mm, preferably 5-20 mm. This is practically achieved for a capillary a few millimeters long at a liquid pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar, preferably 1 to 3 bar.
  • the device for carrying out the spraying process is characterized by a multiplicity of fluidically connected nozzle elements which consist of capillaries, each of the capillaries being surrounded by a concentric protective jacket which is at the same electrical potential as the capillaries, and by a high-voltage generator, whose high-voltage side output is conductively connected to the liquid flowing through the capillaries.
  • the protective jacket is closed on one side by a base plate and forms a pot, the bottom of which is pierced by the capillary.
  • the liquid to be distributed is supplied from a storage container connected to the capillary.
  • the spray point, i.e. the end of the capillary is inside the pot.
  • the upstream pressure required to maintain the flow is generated by a pump that keeps the reservoir at positive pressure.
  • a carrier is provided on which the nozzle elements are arranged and the carrier on a rod-shaped Mount is attached, which contains a battery-operated high-voltage generator, an air pump for generating the pressure on the capillaries and a storage container for the liquid to be distributed.
  • a water jet emerging from a simple perforated nozzle or capillary at low speed disintegrates in a defined manner into drops of a certain size.
  • the smooth jet part or liquid thread still connected at the exit point shows, after a short initial distance, periodically recurring constrictions, which deepen as the distance from the outlet opening increases, until individual drops are finally separated, the diameter of which is directly related to the diameter of the connected one Beam part stands.
  • This process is shown in Fig. 1.
  • a liquid jet 2 eg water
  • the lower range limit for the speed of the outflowing liquid is reached when no more continuous liquid thread forms at the outlet opening, but instead the liquid drips off.
  • the upper limit for the exit velocity of the liquid is given when the laminar flow changes into a turbulent one and the disintegration into drops of the same size is replaced by an atomization process, with a wide spread of the drop sizes occurring.
  • the decay of a liquid thread into drops described here is referred to as "natural jet decay".
  • a wide-open cone (rain cone) is made up of electrically charged droplets, which can be deposited specifically on grounded objects. This process is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the flow conditions are the same as in the jet decay according to FIG. 1, but with an electrical voltage of 10 kV with respect to earth, which is applied to the continuous liquid thread 2.
  • the capillary 1 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example metal, and has a ratio of length to diameter of approximately 50: 1.
  • the liquid pressure at the capillary is set to values from 0.1 to 10 bar, preferably in the range from 1 to 3 set in bar. Under these conditions it follows the capillary is a coherent liquid thread with a length of 2 to 100 mm, preferably 5 to 20 mm.
  • simple hole nozzles can also be used for the jet generation, the hole diameter of which is in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio between length and width of the perforated nozzle is, for example, 3: 1.
  • An important role is played by the fact that it is a conductive liquid whose specific resistance is ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ .m. There is no limit to the resistance.
  • the liquid can be of any conductivity.
  • the electrically charged drops according to FIG. 2 show clearly diverging flight paths.
  • the light satellite drops 5 leave the immediately after the formation Main trajectory and then move towards the next grounded body in the area.
  • the normal drops formed from the bulk of the outflowing liquid later disengage and increase their mutual distance. This leads to the formation of the above-mentioned rain cone 10 with the opening angle cG.
  • the drops remain in their original size even over flight paths of 1 m length and more.
  • the effect of the electric field is based on two effects, namely the prevention of recombination into larger drops and the formation of a cone due to the electrostatic repulsion.
  • the opening angle of the rain cone can be set to small or large depending on the height of the ejection speed at the capillary (liquid pressure), the jet thickness and the electrical voltage. This provides the opportunity for targeted droplet separation.
  • a plant stand can either be sprayed flat, the charged droplets preferably reaching the upper parts of the plant, or it is sprayed on steeply; then the droplets are only separated in the lower parts of the stand.
  • the depth of penetration of the droplets can thus be adapted to the particular requirements of the plant stands.
  • Fig. 3a, b it is shown how by changing the liquid pressure in the nozzle and the verbun which jet exit speed can control the depth of penetration of the drops into dense plant populations.
  • the beam is at a voltage of -15 kV, which is maintained by the high voltage device 10.
  • Below the nozzle are two plants 11 and 12 of a larger plant population. The height of the plants is 0.5 m. The distance from the plant tip to the nozzle is 0.3 m.
  • the rain cone 13 opens above the plants 11 and 12.
  • the nozzle or the capillary 18 is arranged above the plant stock 19 so that they emerge de Liquid thread initially runs horizontally.
  • the high voltage generator is omitted here.
  • the rain cone generated is braked by the air resistance and then settles at a lower speed in the upper parts of the plants of the stand 19, so that only a small penetration depth is achieved.
  • the beam direction is rotated through 90 ° relative to the first position; ie the capillary 21 is arranged vertically here.
  • the high voltage source is not shown.
  • the rain cone falls out of the capillary 21 into the plant stand 22 at a higher speed than in the arrangement according to FIG. 4a, since gravity acts in the same direction.
  • a space charge cloud 23 is formed by a plurality of nozzles 25 oriented in parallel high charge density in front of the target object 24.
  • Fig. 5b shows another possibility to build a high Jardinladun g s Why means of a plurality of nozzles 26.
  • the nozzles are oriented so here that the extension of the liquid filaments, ie, the initial directions of the beams at the location of the space charge 27 cross each other, whereby a strong Precipitation field on target object 28 arises.
  • the nozzles are set up at a greater distance from each other and the jet directions are concentrated in one point of the room.
  • Fig. 6 shows a complete liquid distribution device, which is so compact and handy that it can be operated as a portable device by one person. It consists of a head 29, the liquid filter 30, the liquid valve 31, the reservoir 32 for the liquid to be distributed, a high-voltage generator 33, a battery housing 34 and an air pump 35. All parts are received by a rod-shaped holder 36 made of insulating material. The grounding of the electrical system is provided by a grounding cable 37, the free end of which lies on the ground or is in electrical connection with the object to be treated.
  • the air pump 35 pumps air into the container 32, which is partially filled with the liquid. Part of the volume remains free, for example, 30% for the compressed air (air cushion). The pressure in this volume is increased to 2 to 3 bar.
  • the valve 38 prevents the liquid from flowing back.
  • the distributor head 29 is placed under high voltage of, for example, 50 kV by switching on the high-voltage generator 33 via the switch 39, which closes the primary circuit. When the valve 31 is opened, the liquid flows out through the distributor head 29 and is applied over a large area in the manner indicated above.
  • the distributor head 29 is shown in FIG. 7. In principle, it consists of a plurality of fluidically connected nozzle elements which are connected to the liquid container 32 via the line 44.
  • Short capillary tubes are very suitable for generating thin liquid jets, but they are very sensitive to contamination and damage when they come into direct contact with other objects, e.g. Plants, are. For this reason, the capillary is protected by a concentric jacket. Although the formation of an electric field is suppressed by the shielding effect of the jacket with the same potential of the protective jacket, there is no impairment of the spraying process.
  • the contiguous first section of the liquid thread which projects beyond the edge of the protective jacket, is because of the conductivity of the liquid a replacement for a tip electrode, on which the field is built up outside the cylinder, which is required for charging the drops.
  • the capillary 47 is inserted into the base plate of a pot 48 and thus forms a nozzle element 40 which is pressed into corresponding bores in the distributor head 29.
  • the immersion depth is limited by the protruding edge 42 (collar of the pot 48).
  • the free end of the capillaries 47 dips into the liquid channel 43, which in turn is connected to the feed pipe 44.
  • each nozzle element 40 is wrapped in a ring 45 made of elastic material, the circumference of which is larger than the circumference of the carrier 41 for the nozzle elements.
  • the ring 46 is drilled on its upper side (FIG. 7) and screwed to the carrier 41 on the opposite side (46). Through the bore in the elastic ring, the nozzle element 40 is now inserted into the carrier 41 in such a way that the collar 42 of the protective jacket 48 projects beyond the bore and thus forms a stop (see FIG. 8).
  • the diameter of the elastic ring 45 is 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the length of the carrier 41 and the packing density of the nozzle elements 40 can be adapted to the needs. The latter is only limited by the mutual contact of the components.
  • the level of the optimal operating voltage depends on the dimensions of the equipment. It must therefore be determined experimentally. For a single nozzle element with a 100 ⁇ m capillary width and a distant counter electrode (at least 0.5 m), the optimal operating voltage is approx. 10 kV. The upper limit for the operating voltage is approx. 50 kV.
  • a great advantage of the device described, compared to known devices for generating electrically charged spray mist, is that no counter electrode with earth potential is required in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage nozzle unit. This fact enables the use of very long insulating distances between the live parts of the arrangement. Malfunctions caused by damp air or pollution of the isolators can thus largely be ruled out. It is also important that only very small currents flow (order of magnitude pA), so that the battery used for power supply has a long service life and the high voltage generator can have a high internal resistance. In this way, danger to people from high voltage is avoided.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
EP84107625A 1983-07-12 1984-07-02 Procédé et dispositif pour dispenser et répandre sur grandes surfaces des liquides électriquement conducteurs Expired EP0134951B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84107625T ATE25597T1 (de) 1983-07-12 1984-07-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum grossflaechigen ausbringen und verteilen elektrisch leitfaehiger fluessigkeiten.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833325070 DE3325070A1 (de) 1983-07-12 1983-07-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verspruehen elektrisch leitfaehiger fluessigkeiten
DE3325070 1983-07-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0134951A1 true EP0134951A1 (fr) 1985-03-27
EP0134951B1 EP0134951B1 (fr) 1987-03-04

Family

ID=6203756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84107625A Expired EP0134951B1 (fr) 1983-07-12 1984-07-02 Procédé et dispositif pour dispenser et répandre sur grandes surfaces des liquides électriquement conducteurs

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0134951B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6041419A (fr)
KR (1) KR850001031A (fr)
AT (1) ATE25597T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2950584A (fr)
BR (1) BR8403451A (fr)
CA (1) CA1224982A (fr)
DD (1) DD225350A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3325070A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK340384A (fr)
ES (1) ES8504494A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU190315B (fr)
IE (1) IE55390B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL72346A0 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ208830A (fr)
PT (1) PT78829B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA845344B (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0258016A1 (fr) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procédé et dispositif de revêtement électrostatique
EP0523961A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système d'application de cosmétiques
EP0523964A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système d'application de cosmétiques
EP0523960A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système pour traiter la peau
EP0523962A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système de délivrance de cosmétiques
EP0523963A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système de traitement des cheveux et du cuir chevelu
WO1994011119A1 (fr) * 1992-11-18 1994-05-26 Unilever Plc Systeme d'application de cosmetiques

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3522979A1 (de) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-02 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur erzeugung elektrisch geladenen spruehnebels aus leitfaehigen fluessigkeiten
DE3707547A1 (de) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-22 Bayer Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verspritzen von pflanzenschutzmittelloesungen oder -dispersionen
US5246166A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-09-21 Her Majesty The Queen In The Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Forestry Spraying apparatus
KR100523559B1 (ko) * 2002-10-11 2005-10-25 주식회사 바이오리진 인삼잎에서 식품원료용으로 조사포닌을 제조하는 방법
JP6657505B2 (ja) * 2015-11-09 2020-03-04 アネスト岩田株式会社 静電噴霧装置及び静電噴霧方法
DE102020115923B4 (de) 2019-12-23 2022-10-13 crop.zone GmbH Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von übergangswiderstandreduzierenden Medien und Applizieren von Strom auf Pflanzen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH624589A5 (fr) * 1976-07-15 1981-08-14 Ici Ltd
GB2100147A (en) * 1981-06-17 1982-12-22 Nat Res Dev Electrostatic spraying
DE3207002A1 (de) * 1981-02-27 1983-01-05 National Research Development Corp., London Spritzvorrichtung
EP0029302B1 (fr) * 1979-11-19 1984-12-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Procédé et appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH624589A5 (fr) * 1976-07-15 1981-08-14 Ici Ltd
EP0029302B1 (fr) * 1979-11-19 1984-12-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Procédé et appareil de pulvérisation électrostatique
DE3207002A1 (de) * 1981-02-27 1983-01-05 National Research Development Corp., London Spritzvorrichtung
GB2100147A (en) * 1981-06-17 1982-12-22 Nat Res Dev Electrostatic spraying

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0258016A1 (fr) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procédé et dispositif de revêtement électrostatique
EP0523961A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système d'application de cosmétiques
EP0523964A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système d'application de cosmétiques
EP0523960A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système pour traiter la peau
EP0523962A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système de délivrance de cosmétiques
EP0523963A1 (fr) * 1991-07-15 1993-01-20 Unilever Plc Système de traitement des cheveux et du cuir chevelu
US5268166A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-12-07 Elizabeth Arden Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Cosmetic application system
US5494674A (en) * 1991-07-15 1996-02-27 Elizabeth Arden Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Skin treatment system
WO1994011119A1 (fr) * 1992-11-18 1994-05-26 Unilever Plc Systeme d'application de cosmetiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0134951B1 (fr) 1987-03-04
JPS6041419A (ja) 1985-03-05
DK340384A (da) 1985-01-13
NZ208830A (en) 1988-02-29
HUT35556A (en) 1985-07-29
KR850001031A (ko) 1985-03-14
IL72346A0 (en) 1984-11-30
PT78829A (en) 1984-08-01
ES534231A0 (es) 1985-04-16
ZA845344B (en) 1985-03-27
CA1224982A (fr) 1987-08-04
DD225350A5 (de) 1985-07-31
BR8403451A (pt) 1985-06-25
IE841785L (en) 1985-01-12
AU2950584A (en) 1985-06-13
DE3462440D1 (en) 1987-04-09
ES8504494A1 (es) 1985-04-16
IE55390B1 (en) 1990-08-29
HU190315B (en) 1986-08-28
PT78829B (en) 1986-07-15
ATE25597T1 (de) 1987-03-15
DK340384D0 (da) 1984-07-11
DE3325070A1 (de) 1985-01-24

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