EP0157090B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157090B1
EP0157090B1 EP85100612A EP85100612A EP0157090B1 EP 0157090 B1 EP0157090 B1 EP 0157090B1 EP 85100612 A EP85100612 A EP 85100612A EP 85100612 A EP85100612 A EP 85100612A EP 0157090 B1 EP0157090 B1 EP 0157090B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
drying gas
solvent
phase
adsorption
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85100612A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0157090A3 (en
EP0157090A2 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Koblenzer
Peter Hösel
Franz Dipl.-Ing. Staudinger (Fh)
Klaus Franke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Duerr GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Duerr GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Duerr GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to AT85100612T priority Critical patent/ATE49720T1/de
Publication of EP0157090A2 publication Critical patent/EP0157090A2/fr
Publication of EP0157090A3 publication Critical patent/EP0157090A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0157090B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157090B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/04—Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the cleaning of workpieces by means of a liquid solvent in a treatment chamber, in which the workpieces are dried after cleaning in a closed drying room by a gas stream, with at least a part of the drying gas in a drying gas cycle of a part of the in vapor form entrained solvent is freed by cooling in a condensation stage and returned to the drying room, and an adsorbent for adsorbing solvent vapor produced during drying and a heating device are also used.
  • the solvents in question are those that can be used to remove greasy, oily or similar contaminants.
  • the treatment chamber also serves as a drying space and is therefore integrated into the drying gas circuit, which has a condensation stage designed as a heat exchanger, a blower and a heating device likewise designed as a heat exchanger for heating the contains circulated air as drying gas
  • a return line for condensed solvent leads from the condensation stage to the treatment chamber.
  • this solvent spray nozzles are installed, which are part of a solvent cycle, i. H. the solvent is drawn off at the bottom of the treatment chamber and pumped back to the spray nozzles. Dirty solvent is drawn off from the solvent circuit and regenerated via a distillation device.
  • the treatment chamber still contains too much solvent vapor after completion of the drying, at least if the condensation stage is operated at temperatures that can be achieved on an industrial scale at economically justifiable costs (the frequently used trichlorethylene) e.g.
  • the drying gas circuit is switched off in the known method after drying the workpieces and the treatment chamber is flushed with room air until the solvent concentration in the Treatment chamber is below the maximum permissible workplace concentration;
  • the ambient air sucked in from the environment and used to purge the treatment chamber is blown off through the roof, whereby it can be passed through a condensation stage or over activated carbon in order to remove most of the solvent vapor.
  • a disadvantage of the known system is not only the comparatively large structural outlay in the case of cleaning the exhaust air, but the room air sucked in from the environment for purging the treatment chamber leads to a loss of heating energy in winter, and the system can be emission-free only with great effort operate, since, as already mentioned, a condensation stage operated with reasonable effort means that the solvent vapors can only be inadequately removed from the room air used for purging the treatment chamber and an activated carbon adsorber has to be filled with fresh or regenerated activated carbon after a relatively short time. In the usual regeneration processes for activated carbon, water vapor is blown into it, which is then condensed in a condensation stage.
  • an adsorbent is used in the drying gas circuit, with which - in the direction of flow of the drying gas - further solvent vapor is to be removed from the drying gas behind the condensation stage before it is again used by the heating device is heated and returned to the drying room formed by a treatment chamber (drying phase).
  • this known system has a bypass line through which the condensation stage, bypassing the drying chamber, an adsorber containing the adsorbent and the heating device, and a switchable blower are combined to form an auxiliary circuit for the drying gas, in which, after reversing the conveying direction of the Blower the adsorbent is regenerated.
  • the drying gas is first heated using the heating device in order to heat the adsorbent through which the drying gas flows; As a result, this releases previously adsorbed solvent vapor, which partly in the subsequent condensation stage is condensed out (desorption phase). Since in this known method the adsorbent is not regenerated during the drying phase, it loses its adsorption capacity to a considerable extent in the course of the drying phase, so that this method either requires a high level of equipment (low-temperature condensation stage and / or large amount of adsorbent) or When the drying room is opened, the environment is contaminated with considerable amounts of solvent vapor, the drying room is not flushed with room air before the workpieces are removed.
  • the invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned, which can be carried out with a simply constructed system that can be operated without exhaust air and, consequently, makes it possible to dispense with flushing the treatment chamber or the drying room with room air.
  • this object can be achieved in that, in a drying and desorption phase, the drying gas in the drying gas circuit after cooling and condensing a part of the entrained solvent is passed over a heated adsorbent for the solvent vapor in order to remove and desorb the solvent vapor desorbed from the heated adsorbent Supply condensation stage, and that for further purification of the drying gas this is passed in an adsorption phase in the drying gas circuit in a cool state over an adsorbent.
  • the problematic regeneration of the adsorbent with water vapor can therefore be dispensed with, the construction of the apparatus is extremely simple, and any adsorbent which is effective for the solvent used and which has a desorption, ie. H. Regeneration allowed at elevated temperatures.
  • the treatment chamber in which the workpieces are cleaned can also be used as a drying chamber in the method according to the invention.
  • Activated carbon is particularly recommended as the adsorbent, and a separate heating device for heating the adsorbent could be provided for heating the adsorbent for the purpose of desorption.
  • a major advantage of the method according to the invention is that it can be carried out free of waste air and waste water.
  • the adsorbent for the desorption phase is not heated directly by a heating device, but rather by the drying gas which is heated behind the condensation stage. This not only ensures that the adsorbent is heated uniformly, but also creates the conditions for reusing the condensation heat generated in the condensation stage by means of a heat pump for heating the drying gas.
  • the drying gas during the adsorption phase could flow through the drying circuit in the opposite direction to the flow direction during the drying and desorption phase, but it is more advantageous to choose the same flow direction for both phases so that the drying gas from the condensation stage to the adsorber via the heating device switched on or off flows.
  • this is carried out in cycles, each of which comprises a cleaning phase during which the workpieces are cleaned, a drying and desorption phase and an adsorption phase, and the workpieces are not closed to the room or the treatment chamber until after completion of the Adsorption phase removed.
  • the invention also created a system for carrying out the method according to the invention described above, with one system starting from at least one closed treatment chamber for cleaning the workpieces with liquid solvent, a closed drying room for drying the cleaned workpieces and a drying gas circuit containing the drying room has, in which a cooler for the drying gas and in the direction of circulation of the drying gas after the cooler and in front of the drying room an adsorbent for the solvent receiving adsorber and a heating device for the drying gas. are; it is proposed according to the invention to arrange the heating device between the cooler and the adsorber for heating the adsorbent by the drying gas and to provide the cooler with a return line for condensed solvent.
  • a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention has a heat pump via which the cooler and the heating device are coupled to one another.
  • the drying gas circuit has a plurality of regeneration circuits that can optionally be switched on in the latter with a drying gas circulation device , a cooler and a drying gas return line, which can be blocked by a valve, to complete the regeneration circuit.
  • the system according to FIG. 1 has a treatment chamber 10 with a door 12 for loading and unloading, this door should be designed so that the treatment chamber can be closed gas-tight with it.
  • the latter contains a holder, not shown, for workpieces to be cleaned, only one workpiece 14 being shown in FIG. 1.
  • This is sprayed by means of spray tubes 16, which are held stationary or movable in the treatment chamber 10, with liquid solvent, which flows via an intermediate floor 18 and a valve 20 to an underlying collecting space 21, in which there is a filter 22, under which a line 24 into the Collection room 21 opens.
  • the line 24 forms, together with a line 28 containing a pump 26 and a line 30 leading to the spray tubes 16, a solvent circuit, and by means of a distillation device 32 or the like, the solvent can be regenerated, e.g. B. freed from oils and fats.
  • This distillation device is connected to the solvent circuit via valves 34 and 36, a line 38 and a pump 40.
  • a drying gas circuit designated as a whole by 42, is also connected to the treatment chamber 10.
  • This comprises a line 44 with valves 46 and 48 opening into the treatment chamber 10 with both ends, in which a fan 50, a condenser 52, a heating device 54 and an adsorber 56 are arranged one behind the other.
  • a bypass line 62 provided with a valve 58 is provided, via which the drying gas circuit can be operated with the valves 46 and 48 closed, bypassing the treatment chamber 10.
  • a return line 66 provided with a valve 64 leads from the condenser 52 to the treatment chamber 10 in order to be able to return the solvent condensed in the condenser 52 into the solvent circuit.
  • the adsorber 56 should be filled with activated carbon.
  • the pump 26 is switched off and, after the solvent has flowed off, the valve 20 is closed, whereupon with the valves 46 and 48 open and the valve 58 closed, the fan 50, the refrigerant circuit and the condenser 52, not shown, is shown the heater 54 are turned on.
  • the air heated by the heater 54 is blown against the workpiece 14 and absorbs solvent vapor up to its saturation vapor pressure.
  • Most of the solvent vapor condenses in the condenser 52 whereupon the air is heated again by the heating device 54 and the relative solvent vapor content is thus reduced. This in turn heats the activated carbon contained in the absorber 56, which is desorbed by the air flowing through it and thus regenerated.
  • the solvent vapors released by the desorption in the absorber 56 are partially condensed in the condenser 52.
  • the entire system contains a solvent content, which is determined by the temperature in the condenser 52.
  • the drying air circulated by the fan 50 is freed by the regenerated adsorber 56 hendst from the solvent vapors still contained in it, the heating device 54 is switched off, but the condenser 52 is still kept in operation in order to cool the adsorber 56 and the line system; The regenerated activated carbon contained in the adsorber 56 then adsorbs the remaining solvent vapors.
  • the fan 50 is switched off and the workpiece can be removed from the treatment chamber.
  • the workpiece can also be dried in a separate drying room, which is connected to the treatment chamber 10 via a lock and is switched into the drying gas circuit 42.
  • the valves 46 and 48 are closed and the valve 58 is opened so that the fan 50 can circulate air through the heating device 54 is heated and thus the activated carbon of the adsorber 56 is regenerated, while the solvent vapors condense in the condenser 52. After the cleaning process has ended, the regeneration of the adsorber 56 can then be continued during the drying phase.
  • FIG. 2 The same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 have been used in FIG. 2 insofar as the two systems are identical, so that it is only necessary in the following to explain the deviations of the system according to FIG. 2 from the first embodiment.
  • the system has a drying gas circuit 42 connected to a treatment chamber 10 with two branches 42a and 42b connected in parallel, which are connected to the treatment chamber 10 via a line 44 and valves 46, 48.
  • Each of the branches 42a, 42b comprises at its ends valves 70, 72 or 70 ', 72', between which in series in the flow direction of the drying gas a fan 50 or 50 ', a condenser 52 or 52', a heating device 54 or 54 'and an adsorber 56 or 56'.
  • lines 76 and 76 ' are provided, each of which contains a valve 78 and 78', respectively.
  • another treatment chamber 10 ' can also be switched into the drying gas circuit 42 via a line 44' and valves 46 ', 48' as long as the treatment chamber 10 is emptied and valves are loaded with new workpieces when the valves 46, 48 are closed.
  • the branch 42a first use the branch 42a for the drying and desorption phase of several cleaning cycles, for whose adsorption phases the branch 42b is switched over and during which the adsorber 56 is regenerated by the regeneration circuit 74a. After a few cleaning cycles, drying is then carried out via the branch 42b and desorbed, adsorbed via the branch 42a, and at the same time the adsorber 56 'is regenerated via the regeneration circuit 74b.
  • a treatment chamber 100 is again in a drying gas circuit 102, which, starting from the treatment chamber, contains a fan 104, a condenser 106, a heating device 108, an additional electrical heating device 110 and an adsorber 112 in succession.
  • Liquid solvent accumulating in the condenser 106 can be returned via a return line 66 into a space below the treatment chamber 100 corresponding to the collecting space 21 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • a refrigerant circuit 114 is also provided, which contains the condenser 106 as the evaporator and the heating device 108 as the condenser.
  • a compressor 116 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 and behind it, in series for the refrigerant, an aftercooler 118, a collecting tank 120 and a throttle 122, which is located in front of the condenser 106 serving as an evaporator.
  • the aftercooler 118 is supplied with cooling water or cooling air via a coolant line 126; In the coolant line there is a valve 128, which is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner by means of a temperature sensor 130.
  • a temperature sensor 132 is provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 behind the condenser 106 serving as an evaporator in order to be able to control the throttle 122 as a function of the temperature.
  • a bypass line 142 provided with a valve 140.
  • a valve 144 is also provided in the refrigerant circuit 114 upstream of the condenser 108.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Procédé pour nettoyer des pièces au moyen d'un solvant liquide dans une chambre de traitement, dans lequel les pièces sont, après le nettoyage, séchées par une courant gazeux dans un compartiment de séchage fermé, au moins une partie du gaz de séchage étant, dans un circuit de gaz de séchage, libérée d'une partie du solvant entraîné sous forme de vapeur par refroidissement dans une étape de condensation et étant recyclée dans le compartiment de séchage, un agent d'adsorption étant en outre utilisé pour l'adsorption de vapeur de solvant formée au cours du séchage ainsi qu'un dispositif de chauffage, caractérisé en ce que, dans une phase de séchage et de désorption, le gaz de séchage est, dans le circuit de gaz de séchage, après le refroidissement et la condensation d'une partie du solvant entraîné, passé par un agent d'adsorption de la vapeur de solvant, chauffé, pour évacuer de la vapeur de solvant désorbée de l'agent d'adsorption chauffé et l'amener à l'étape de condensation et en ce que, pour purifier davantage le gaz de séchage, celui-ci est, dans une phase d'adsorption, passé dans le circuit de gaz de séchage par de l'agent d'adsorption froid.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'adsorption est chauffé pour la phase de désorption par le fait que le gaz de séchage est chauffé en aval de l'étape de condensation.
3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de séchage est refroidi dans l'étape de condensation, également pendant la phase d'adsorption.
4. Procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de séchage traverse, pendant la phase d'adsorption, le circuit de gaz de séchage dans le même sens que dans la phase de séchage et de désorption.
5. Procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les pièces ne sont prélevées du compartiment de séchage qu'après la phase d'adsorption.
6. Procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de nettoyage est effectué en cycles dont chacun comprend une phase de nettoyage pendant laquelle les pièces sont nettoyées, une phase de séchage et de désorption ainsi qu'une phase d'adsorption.
7. Procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour la désorption de l'agent d'adsorption, du gaz de séchage est, pendant la phase de nettoyage, guidé par contournement de la chambre de traitement dans le circuit de gaz de séchage, par l'agent d'adsorption chauffé, et en ce que sa teneur en solvant est diminuée par un refroidissement ultérieur.
8. Procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par un recyclage de la chaleur de l'étape de condensation vers la zone du circuit de gaz de séchage dans laquelle le gaz de séchage ou respectivement l'agent d'adsorption est chauffé.
9. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant au moins une chambre de traitement fermée (10 ; 100) pour le nettoyage des pièces avec un solvant liquide, un compartiment de séchage fermé pour le séchage des pièces nettoyées et un circuit de gaz de séchage (42 ; 102) qui comporte le compartiment de séchage et dans lequel sont agencés un réfrigérant (52 ; 106) pour le gaz de séchage et, dans le sens de circulation du gaz de séchage, en aval du réfrigérant et en amont du compartiment de séchage, un dispositif d'adsorption (56 ; 112), dans lequel est logé un agent d'adsorption pour le solvant, ainsi qu'un dispositif de chauffage (54; 108, 110) pour le gaz de séchage, caractérisé en ce que, pour le chauffage de l'agent d'adsorption par le gaz de séchage, le dispositif de chauffage (54 ; 108, 110) est agencé entre le réfrigérant (52 ; 106) et le dispositif d'adsorption (56 ; 112) et en ce que le réfrigérant (52 ; 106) est pourvu d'un conduit de recyclage (66) pour le solvant condensé.
10. Installation suivant la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le circuit de gaz de séchage (42) comporte un conduit de dérivation (62) qui peut être mis en circuit et qui contourne le compartiment de séchage (10).
11. Installation suivant l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisée en ce que le réfrigérant (106) et le dispositif de chauffage (108) sont mutuellement couplés par une pompe à chaleur (116, 108, 106).
12. Installation suivant une ou plusieurs des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le circuit de gaz de séchage (42) présente plusieurs circuits de régénération (74a, 74b) qui peuvent sélectivement être mis en circuit dans ce dernier et qui comportent un appareil de circulation de gaz de séchage (50 et respectivement 50'), un réfrigérant (52 et respectivement 52'), un dispositif de chauffage (54 et respectivement 54'), un dispositif d'adsorption (56 et respectivement 56') ainsi qu'un conduit de recyclage de gaz de séchage (76 et respectivement 76'), obturable pour une soupape (78 et respectivement 78'), pour compléter le circuit de régénération.
EP85100612A 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil Expired - Lifetime EP0157090B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85100612T ATE49720T1 (de) 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Verfahren sowie anlage zur reinigung von werkstuecken mittels eines fluessigen loesemittels.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3412007 1984-03-31
DE3412007A DE3412007C2 (de) 1984-03-31 1984-03-31 Verfahren zur Reinigung von Werkstücken mittels eines flüssigen Lösemittels

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0157090A2 EP0157090A2 (fr) 1985-10-09
EP0157090A3 EP0157090A3 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0157090B1 true EP0157090B1 (fr) 1990-01-24

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EP85100612A Expired - Lifetime EP0157090B1 (fr) 1984-03-31 1985-01-22 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de pièces, au moyen d'un solvant volatil

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Country Link
US (1) US4844743A (fr)
EP (1) EP0157090B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE49720T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3412007C2 (fr)

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Also Published As

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EP0157090A3 (en) 1986-10-01
DE3575524D1 (de) 1990-03-01
US4844743A (en) 1989-07-04
EP0157090A2 (fr) 1985-10-09
DE3412007A1 (de) 1985-10-10
DE3412007C2 (de) 1987-02-26
ATE49720T1 (de) 1990-02-15

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