EP0163579A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren vom Boden - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren vom Boden Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0163579A1
EP0163579A1 EP85401053A EP85401053A EP0163579A1 EP 0163579 A1 EP0163579 A1 EP 0163579A1 EP 85401053 A EP85401053 A EP 85401053A EP 85401053 A EP85401053 A EP 85401053A EP 0163579 A1 EP0163579 A1 EP 0163579A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
probe
temperature
freezing
probes
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85401053A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0163579B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Karinthi
Maurice Gardent
Colette Regnier
Jean Tuccella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9304631&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0163579(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to AT85401053T priority Critical patent/ATE36880T1/de
Publication of EP0163579A1 publication Critical patent/EP0163579A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0163579B1 publication Critical patent/EP0163579B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the freezing technique of soils. It relates firstly to a method of freezing soil of the type in which a cooling liquid is cooled by heat exchange with a cryogenic fluid, then this liquid is circulated in a series of probes sunk into the ground.
  • Direct injection of liquid nitrogen has several drawbacks, in particular the difficulty of controlling the heat exchange coefficients with the soil: by yielding cold, the nitrogen vaporizes and the exchange coefficients between the probe and the nitrogen first pure liquid, then mixtures of liquid and gas in variable proportion, then cold gas alone, are very different. This results in a high degree of heterogeneity in the thickness of frozen soil around the probe and a loss of time and energy so that the less frozen zones meet to form the consolidated wall, while the most frozen zones are unnecessarily sub-cooled and oversized.
  • the cooling of a circulating liquid by a refrigeration unit makes it possible to inject the liquid at -40 ° C in the best case, more generally at -20 ° C or -30 ° C.
  • These freezing conditions lead to a prohibitive frozen wall formation time, of the order of several weeks for a wall 1 m thick. This duration is generally incompatible with the duration of construction sites in cities.
  • the object of the invention is to make it possible to considerably reduce the excess of cold and, consequently, to make the process much more economical, without thereby significantly increasing the duration of freezing.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for freezing soil of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the temperature of the coolant is varied, during the phase of freezing the soil, as a function of the progression of freezing.
  • the temperature of the liquid circulating in at least one of the probes is gradually increased, preferably in successive stages.
  • the temperature of the liquid circulating in each probe is adapted to the rate of freezing of the soil around this probe, this temperature being set to a value the higher the higher the freezing speed.
  • the invention also relates to a soil freezing installation intended for the implementation of such a method.
  • This installation of the type comprising a heat exchanger supplied on the one hand with cryogenic fluid, on the other hand with a coolant, a series of freezing probes, and means for circulating the liquid in each probe, is characterized by the fact that it comprises means for varying the set temperature of the heat exchanger, and / or the fact that it comprises at least two independent heat exchangers having different set temperatures.
  • the invention relates to the formation in a sandy and moist soil of a frozen wall in the shelter of which certain work must be carried out.
  • a series of freezing probes Sl, S2, etc. which are schematically illustrated in FIG. 3, are driven into the ground, and a coolant having an inlet temperature is circulated in each of them. determined.
  • the liquid chosen must have a sufficiently low freezing point, and methanol is an appropriate liquid, which will be referred to below.
  • this liquid circulates in a closed circuit between the probe and a heat exchanger El, E2, ..., called “cold plant", which comprises on the one hand passages for this liquid and on the other part of the passages for a cryogenic fluid, in particular liquid nitrogen.
  • the rate of admission of liquid nitrogen into these latter passages is controlled by a valve 1 controlled by a temperature sensor 2 which detects the temperature of the coolant leaving the exchanger.
  • Nitrogen passages can T ar example, as illustrated in Figure 3, be constituted by a bushing 3 calender by a coil 4 for circulating the coolant against the flow of nitrogen.
  • Cooling liquid leaving at a cold set temperature of an exchanger, is injected into the bottom of each probe connected to the latter by a central tube 5 thereof and rises between this tube and the cylindrical casing 6 of the probe to return to the exchanger. Between the inlet and the outlet of the probe, the liquid exchanges heat with the surrounding soil, through the casing 6.
  • the temperature of the coolant injected into the freezing probes is modulated over time, gradually increasing this temperature from a minimum temperature at the start of freezing to a final temperature for keeping the already frozen wall cold. In the example illustrated, this increase takes place in successive stages.
  • example I we will assume that we want to consolidate by freezing in 100 hours a wall 1 m thick in moist sandy soil, to a depth of 20 m and a length of 50 m . To do this, fifty probes S1, S2, ..., S50 are inserted into the ground, spaced 1 m apart. Methanol is circulated between the probes mounted in parallel and a single heat exchanger cooled with liquid nitrogen such as the exchanger El described above.
  • the temperature sensor 2 is equipped with an adjustment device which makes it possible to regulate at will the temperature of methanol between -80 ° C. (lower limit tolerable for this body) and -10 ° C.
  • the freezing is started by circulating the methanol with a set temperature at the outlet of the exchanger (and therefore upon injection into the probes) of -80 ° C. This set temperature is maintained for 50 hours. The temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is then established at -70 ° C. and the frozen radius around the probes is 38 cm (ie a diameter of 76 cm).
  • the methanol setpoint temperature is set at -65 ° C. This temperature is maintained for 20 hours.
  • the temperature of the. soil in the vicinity of the probes is established at -57 ° C.
  • the progression of the freezing front of the wall is practically not slowed down, because it is governed by the temperature gradient in the vicinity of the freezing isotherm (0 ° C) and not by the temperature of the probe.
  • a frozen diameter of 84 cm is thus obtained after 70 hours of freezing.
  • the set temperature of methanol is fixed at -50 ° C. This set temperature is maintained for 15 hours.
  • the temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is established at -44 ° C. After 85 hours, the frozen diameter around the probes is 88 cm.
  • the set temperature of methanol is then fixed at -40 ° C. It is kept for 10 hours.
  • the temperature of the soil in the vicinity of the probes is established at -35 ° C. After 95 hours of freezing, the frozen soil diameter around the probes is 90 cm.
  • the set temperature of methanol is then established at -35 ° C. This set temperature will be kept for the entire period of keeping the wall frozen. The temperature of the soil around the probes will equilibrate to -30 ° C. Freezing with a diameter of 100 cm will be obtained after approximately 100 hours.
  • each freezing probe reacts with its neighbors, which, for a spacing of 1 m between probes, leads to a frozen wall of variable thickness: 1 m in front of the probes, about 80 cm midway between the probes.
  • the different methanol set temperatures can no longer be obtained by means of a single exchanger with adjustable set temperature, but by means of several heat exchangers having different set temperatures but fixed, these exchangers can be selectively connected to the probes by a set of suitable valves.
  • the exchangers available do not allow individual cooling capacity to be supplied (proportional to the product of the methanol flow rate by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the exchanger) necessary.
  • several exchangers in parallel set to the same temperature can be used for each set temperature.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the advantage of the method described above. It represents the variation of the soil temperature T as a function of the radius R, counted from the outer wall of a supposedly isolated probe, this at the end of the freezing, that is to say when the frozen radius Rc becomes close to the half-distance separating the probes (approximately 0.5 m in the example above).
  • the lower curve A1 corresponds to the case where the probe would have been permanently supplied with methanol at -80 ° C., according to the prior art.
  • the hatched area between the two curves Al and A2 is a representation of the economy of frigories achieved.
  • the temperature of methanol is no longer regulated over time but in space, by adapting this temperature, for each probe, to the freezing speed of the soil around this probe, in order to avoid excessively sub-cooling the parts of the soil which freeze the fastest.
  • a soil is generally relatively homogeneous in the radius of 50 to 60 cm which surrounds a probe, it is not the same from one probe to another.
  • heat exchangers El, E2, etc. are used, five in number in the example illustrated, having independently adjustable set temperatures and which can each be connected to all the probes.
  • the rate of cooling of the soil at the start of freezing is measured, and methanol is sent to each probe at a temperature which is all the cooler as the soil concerned by this probe cools faster.
  • the determination of the freezing speed which will make it possible to fix a set temperature for each probe and each heat exchanger can be done for example as follows.
  • Example II below illustrates the implementation of the invention from methods (a) and (d) above.
  • the basic data are the same as before: it involves freezing in 1 hour a wall 1 m thick in moist sandy soil, to a depth of 20 m and a length of 50 m.
  • Five independent heat exchangers E1 to E5 supplied with liquid nitrogen are used according to the diagram in FIG. 3.
  • any probe can be supplied from any what exchanger.
  • Each probe is provided with temperature sensors 8 and 9 measuring the temperature of methanol at its inlet and its outlet, respectively.
  • thermocouples 7 were placed to measure the temperature at 2 m, 10 m and 18 m deep.
  • the temperature of the external surface of the probes is not very variable at this time, between -70 ° C and -72 ° C for all the probes.
  • the cold methanol injection is then restored by setting the set temperatures as follows.
  • the probes S46 to S50 have been treated as slow-freezing probes to take account of the slow freezing observed in their deepest part
  • each probe is supplied with a cooling power that is lower the more the soil surrounding this probe freezes faster.
  • a line of twenty-five temperature sensors C1, C2, ..., C25 is available 40 cm from the line of freezing probes.
  • two freezing probes as shown in Figure 4, each sensor being equidistant from two probes.
  • the temperature sensor C1 is close to the freezing probes S1 and S2
  • the temperature sensor C2 is close to the freezing probes S3 and S4, etc.
  • Example IV below thus combines the lessons of examples I and III above and describes in table form the freezing procedure during the 100 hours allowed to obtain a wall 1 m thick.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP85401053A 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren vom Boden Expired EP0163579B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401053T ATE36880T1 (de) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gefrieren vom boden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408646 1984-06-01
FR8408646A FR2565273B1 (fr) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 Procede et installation de congelation de sol

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0163579A1 true EP0163579A1 (de) 1985-12-04
EP0163579B1 EP0163579B1 (de) 1988-08-31

Family

ID=9304631

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85401053A Expired EP0163579B1 (de) 1984-06-01 1985-05-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren vom Boden

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4607488A (de)
EP (1) EP0163579B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6117626A (de)
AT (1) ATE36880T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1269853A (de)
DE (1) DE3564714D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8608085A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2565273B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU587527B2 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-08-17 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement with freezing using down-hole refrigeration units
AU587528B2 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-08-17 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement through freezing using surface mounted refrigeration units
EP0480926A4 (en) * 1988-12-08 1992-05-13 Rkk, Ltd. Closed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material in the earth
FR2965038A1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-23 Total Sa Procede et dispositif de stockage d'un fluide cryogenique adaptes aux sols comprenant du pergelisol
FR2992730A1 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Total Sa Procede et dispositif pour la supervision de parametres de stockage

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US4860544A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-08-29 Concept R.K.K. Limited Closed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US5050386A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-09-24 Rkk, Limited Method and apparatus for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth
US6585047B2 (en) 2000-02-15 2003-07-01 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. System for heat exchange with earth loops
US6267172B1 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-07-31 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. Heat exchange systems
US6896054B2 (en) * 2000-02-15 2005-05-24 Mcclung, Iii Guy L. Microorganism enhancement with earth loop heat exchange systems
US7631691B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2009-12-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
JP2005264717A (ja) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-29 Kajima Corp 地盤の凍結方法
JP2007169967A (ja) * 2005-12-20 2007-07-05 Kajima Corp 地盤の凍結方法および凍結装置
CZ301560B6 (cs) * 2006-01-30 2010-04-14 Bagmanyan@Aykanush Zarízení ke zpevnování zeminy zmrazením
WO2007126676A2 (en) 2006-04-21 2007-11-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company In situ co-development of oil shale with mineral recovery
WO2008048448A2 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Heating an organic-rich rock formation in situ to produce products with improved properties
CA2663823C (en) 2006-10-13 2014-09-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced shale oil production by in situ heating using hydraulically fractured producing wells
BRPI0719213A2 (pt) * 2006-10-13 2014-06-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Método para abaixar a temperatura de uma formação subsuperfiacial
US8151884B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2012-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Combined development of oil shale by in situ heating with a deeper hydrocarbon resource
CA2663824C (en) * 2006-10-13 2014-08-26 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Optimized well spacing for in situ shale oil development
AU2008227164B2 (en) 2007-03-22 2014-07-17 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Resistive heater for in situ formation heating
AU2008227167B2 (en) * 2007-03-22 2013-08-01 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Granular electrical connections for in situ formation heating
AU2008253753B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2013-10-17 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Downhole burners for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
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US8146664B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2012-04-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Utilization of low BTU gas generated during in situ heating of organic-rich rock
CN101680293B (zh) * 2007-05-25 2014-06-18 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 结合原位加热、动力装置和天然气处理装置产生烃流体的方法
US8082995B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2011-12-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
EP2098683A1 (de) 2008-03-04 2009-09-09 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Optimierung der Geometrie eines unbehandelten Ölschiefers zur Steuerung von dessen Absenkung
WO2009142803A1 (en) 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Field management for substantially constant composition gas generation
BRPI1008388A2 (pt) 2009-02-23 2017-06-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co método e sistema para recuperar hidrocarbonetos de uma formação de subsuperfície em uma área de desenvolvimento, e, método para tratar água em uma instalação de tratamento de água
US8540020B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-09-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Converting organic matter from a subterranean formation into producible hydrocarbons by controlling production operations based on availability of one or more production resources
SE535370C2 (sv) 2009-08-03 2012-07-10 Skanska Sverige Ab Anordning och metod för lagring av termisk energi
US8863839B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-10-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced convection for in situ pyrolysis of organic-rich rock formations
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US8770284B2 (en) 2012-05-04 2014-07-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of detecting an intersection between a wellbore and a subterranean structure that includes a marker material
SE536723C2 (sv) 2012-11-01 2014-06-24 Skanska Sverige Ab Termiskt energilager innefattande ett expansionsutrymme
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WO2015060919A1 (en) 2013-10-22 2015-04-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for regulating an in situ pyrolysis process
US9394772B2 (en) 2013-11-07 2016-07-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for in situ resistive heating of organic matter in a subterranean formation
US9644466B2 (en) 2014-11-21 2017-05-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of recovering hydrocarbons within a subsurface formation using electric current
JP6756512B2 (ja) * 2016-03-31 2020-09-16 清水建設株式会社 凍結工法の凍結膨張圧算出方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1327179A (fr) * 1962-04-04 1963-05-17 Procédé de congélation de terrains boulants et aquifères et installation pour lamise en oeuvre de ce procédé
FR2113980A1 (de) * 1970-11-16 1972-06-30 Union Carbide Canada Ltd
DE2614221A1 (de) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-20 Holzmann Philipp Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bodenvereisung fuer unterirdische bauwerke, baugruben oder dergleichen
FR2452550A1 (fr) * 1979-03-28 1980-10-24 Linde Ag Procede et dispositif de refrigeration du sol

Family Cites Families (4)

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US3183675A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-05-18 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method of freezing an earth formation
US3287915A (en) * 1963-08-19 1966-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Earthen storage for volatile liquids and method of constructing same
US3674086A (en) * 1970-08-07 1972-07-04 Alden W Foster Method of transporting oil or gas in frozen tundra
US3701262A (en) * 1970-10-12 1972-10-31 Systems Capital Corp Means for the underground storage of liquified gas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1327179A (fr) * 1962-04-04 1963-05-17 Procédé de congélation de terrains boulants et aquifères et installation pour lamise en oeuvre de ce procédé
FR2113980A1 (de) * 1970-11-16 1972-06-30 Union Carbide Canada Ltd
DE2614221A1 (de) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-20 Holzmann Philipp Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bodenvereisung fuer unterirdische bauwerke, baugruben oder dergleichen
FR2452550A1 (fr) * 1979-03-28 1980-10-24 Linde Ag Procede et dispositif de refrigeration du sol

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU587527B2 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-08-17 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement with freezing using down-hole refrigeration units
AU587528B2 (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-08-17 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for piled foundation improvement through freezing using surface mounted refrigeration units
EP0480926A4 (en) * 1988-12-08 1992-05-13 Rkk, Ltd. Closed cryogenic barrier for containment of hazardous material in the earth
GR1000841B (el) * 1988-12-08 1993-02-17 Rkk Ltd Κλειστο κρυογονο φραγμα για την συγκρατηση της μετακινησης επικινδυνων υλικων μεσα στη γη.
FR2965038A1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-23 Total Sa Procede et dispositif de stockage d'un fluide cryogenique adaptes aux sols comprenant du pergelisol
WO2012038632A1 (fr) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Total Sa Procédé et dispositif de stockage d'un fluide cryogénique adaptés aux sols comprenant du pergélisol
FR2992730A1 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Total Sa Procede et dispositif pour la supervision de parametres de stockage
WO2014001679A3 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-07-03 Total Sa Procede et dispositif pour la supervision de parametres de stockage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0163579B1 (de) 1988-08-31
FR2565273A1 (fr) 1985-12-06
ES8608085A1 (es) 1986-06-01
JPS6117626A (ja) 1986-01-25
US4607488A (en) 1986-08-26
DE3564714D1 (en) 1988-10-06
ATE36880T1 (de) 1988-09-15
CA1269853A (fr) 1990-06-05
ES543673A0 (es) 1986-06-01
FR2565273B1 (fr) 1986-10-17

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