Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
  • F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
  • F01N1/22—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts the parts being resilient walls
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
  • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
  • F01N1/06—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect
  • F01N1/065—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using interference effect by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
  • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
  • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
  • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
  • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
  • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
  • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
  • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
  • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
  • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
  • G10K11/17881—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
  • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
  • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
  • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
  • G10K11/17879—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal
  • G10K11/17883—General system configurations using both a reference signal and an error signal the reference signal being derived from a machine operating condition, e.g. engine RPM or vehicle speed
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
  • G10K2210/10—Applications
  • G10K2210/128—Vehicles
  • G10K2210/1282—Automobiles
  • G10K2210/12822—Exhaust pipes or mufflers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
  • G10K2210/30—Means
  • G10K2210/321—Physical
  • G10K2210/3227—Resonators
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
  • G10K2210/30—Means
  • G10K2210/321—Physical
  • G10K2210/3227—Resonators
  • G10K2210/32272—Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

• the present invention is related to an improved arrangement for reducing intake and/or exhaust noises from combustion engines and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new sound attenuation arrangement for such apparatus which uses anti-noise or counter-noise acoustic wave generators to attenuate the sound generated in such apparatus.
• Various aspects of the present invention can be utilized in attenuating sound in combustion engine intake and exhaust systems, in compressors, and in pumps and the like.
• the preferred embodiment of the invention described refer primarily to combustion engines, however, it is to be understood that the invention is adaptable to attenuate sound in other arrangements exhibiting similar noise generating configurations such as in the intake and exhaust of certain compressor and pumps and the like.
• passive systems for suppressing noise at the intake and/or exhaust of gas movement systems have been proposed previously.
• passive systems use sound insulating material and/or baffles to suppress sound waves before they reach the surrounding atmosphere.
• passive systems such as conventional automotive exhaust gas mufflers, inherently restrict the exhaust gas flow, thereby resulting in energy losses with reductions in the efficiency of operation of the vehicle combustion engines.
• reduction or removal of the exhaust gas restriction back pressure substantially improves the performance of the engine.
• permitting such "straight pipe" operation of automotive vehicles results in sound patterns in public places that are not only unpleasant, they are unhealthy.
• Patent 4,473,906 to Wannaka disclose additional methods for active noise cancellation in building system air ducts or exhaust pipes in which the cancelling noise generator (speaker) is required to be exposed directly to the exhaust gas stream.
• the cancelling noise generator noise generator
• Those systems requiring placement of the speakers in the exhaust gas stream generating the undesirable sound to be cancelled place the speakers in such a harsh chemical and heat environment that they cannot operate over an extended period of time, at least not without inordinate costs for insulating the speaker and/or designing them to withstand the loud environment. Further, such placement restricts the flow of exhaust gases to some extent, thereby resulting in the above-mentioned disadvantages regarding the back pressure on the combustion engine.
• An object of the present invention is to provide an improved active noise cancellation system that is compatible with the operating conditions of motor vehicle combustion engine exhaust systems and the like. Another object of the invention is to provide a system that will suppress noise generated from rapidly changing noise sources such as experienced in motor vehicle exhaust systems during normal driving operations and the like. Another object of the invention is to provide a compact, economical to manufacture sound cancellation system that can be incorporated into mass production vehicles with a consequent substantial reduction in the overall costs of operating such vehicles as compared with vehicles having conventional passive muffler systems. -_
• an anti-noise chamber is interposed between the anti-noise acoustic wave generators and the fluid guide system for the fluid medium propagating the undesirable noise, thereby protecting the anti-noise acoustic wave generators from any harsh environment of the undesirable noise propagating medium;
• the anti-noise acoustic wave generators open into an acoustically tuned anti-noise chamber which in turn opens to the fluid medium propagating the undesirable noise thereby enhancing the effective efficiency of the anti-noise acoustic wave generator;
• an active noise attenuation system is so constructed as to avoid the placement of the anti-noise acoustic wave generators into the environment of fluid flow propagation the undesirable noise, such as the harsh environment of the exhaust gases of a vehicle exhaust system.
• the attenuation system includes an anti-noise chamber which surrounds over a portion of its length, a centrally disposed engine exhaust pipe, with the anti-noise chamber and exhaust pipe opening to atmosphere in substantially the same plane, and at least within a length corresponding to less than one third of the shortest wave length of the undesirable noise to be attenuated.
• the anti-noise speakers open into the anti-noise chamber, which is totally isolated from the exhaust pipe and thereby the speakers are not subjected to the harsh chemical and heat environment of the exhaust gases.
• the anti-noise chamber is constructed as an acoustically tuned annular chamber concentric with the exhaust pipe.
• the anti-noise speakers are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the exhaust pipe and anti-noise chamber.
• the anti-noise chamber is constructed as a first, relatively large diameter section which is closed off at one end by an annular supporting plate that is connected to the exhaust pipe, the speakers being mounted adjacent that end plate.
• the anti-noise chamber then extends in the downstream direction of the exhaust pipe and opens at the same plane as the atmospheric outlet of the exhaust pipe, thereby providing an effective coincidental sound source for both the anti-noise sound waves and the undesirable sound waves from the exhaust pipe, with consequent "global" noise cancellation.
• the anti-noise acoustic wave generators are controlled by a digital controller which has inputs from a synchronization sensor monitoring the engine rotational speed and a residual sensor microphone which picks up the sound at the outlet of the exhaust pipe. These sync sensor and microphone signals are processed by the controller and drive power amplifiers for the anti-noise speakers .
• an upstream sensor microphone picks up the sound in the exhaust pipe upstream of the location of the anti-noise chamber and feeds its signal to the digital controller, the other signal to the controller being from a residual sensor microphone at the outlet end of the exhaust pipe.
• the digital controller processes this sensed information and accordingly controls and drives the anti-noise acoustic wave generators to cancel the sound.
• preferred embodiments descrbied involve vehicle combustion engine exhaust systems
• preferred embodiments of the invention are also contemplated for engine intake systems, for compressors and pumps with undesirable sound. waves propagated in a pipe exhausting to atmosphere, and the like.
• Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a passenger vehicle depicting the location of the engine exhaust system and a digital muffler system constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a schematic bottom view of the vehicle of Figure 1 depicting the vehicle exhaust system and active digital muffler system constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 3 is a side schematic view of a motor boat equipped with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the engine, exhaust system and active digital muffler system for use with the boat of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of an exhaust muffler arrangement constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 6 is a longitudinal section view of the muffler arrangement of Figure 5;
• Figure 7 is an end view taken from the right side of Figure 6;
• Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 6, showing an alternative of the exhaust muffler arrangement of the present invention, having an intermediate exhaust gas low pressure cooling chamber;
• Figure 9 is an end view from the right side of Figure 8.
• Figure 10 is a schematic depiction of a complete active digital muffler system constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 11 is a schematic depiction of a complete active digital muffler system constructed according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 12 is a graph comparing test results on a vehicle with a diesel engine, showing the sound spectrum at the exhaust with and without noise attenuation using the system of the present invention.
• FIGS 1 and 2 schematically depict respective side views and bottom views of a passenger motor vehicle having an active digital muffler system constructed according to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
• the system depicted in Figures 1 and 2 corresponds to the Figure 10 embodiment of the overall system (described in more detail below) .
• the passenger vehicle 1 includes a multi-cylinder/piston internal combustion engine 2, the exhaust of which is transported by exhaust pipe system 3 to the exhaust outlet 4 at the rear of the vehicle.
• the rear portion of the exhaust pipe system 3 is depicted as a single exhaust pipe in the following description, although similar duplicate arrangements can be provided for dual exhaust pipe systems, is provided at its rear end with a surrounding anti-noise chamber arrangement 5, which includes anti-noise speakers driven by a power amplifier 6 and digital controller 7.
• the digital controller 7 has input signals from a residual sensing microphone 8 adjacent the exhaust outlet 4 and a synchronization sensor 9, such as a tachometer at the drive shaft of the engine 2.
• FIGs 3 and 4 schematically depict a preferred embodiment of an active digital muffler system according to the invention installed on a motor boat 1A, which, in a similar manner as the passenger motor vehicle of Figures 1 and 2, includes a reciprocating piston multi-cylinder internal combustion engine 2A, an exhaust pipe system 3A with an outlet 4A.
• An anti-noise chamber arrangement 5A is provided adjacent the downstream end of the exhaust pipe system 3 and includes speakers driven by a power amplifier 6A and controlled by a digital controller 7A.
• the digital controller 7A is in turn supplied with input signals from a residual sensor microphone 8A, the exhaust outlet of the boat motor and a synchronization sensor 9A of the output drive shaft of the boat motor engine 2.
• Certain embodiments for use with boats will include water supplied exhaust system cooling arrangements, such as water flow directly into the exhaust pipe and water flow in an annular jacket surrounding the exhaust such cooling arrangement being well known in the motor boat industry.
• FIGs 5-7 schematically depict a first preferred embodiment of an anti-noise chamber arrangement 5 and exhaust pipe.
• Chamber 5 of Figures 6-7 is constructed as an intregal sheet metal structure and includes a centrally disposed cylindrical exhaust pipe 10 which is connected to the exhaust pipe system 3, 3A (compare Figures 1 to 4) .
• the left hand end of the exhaust pipe section 10 is preferably configured so as to be insertable into an existing exhaust pipe of an engine exhaust system 3,3A, with an appropriate sealing clamping connection being provided.
• An anti-noise chamber 11 is provided in annular surrounding relationship to the exhaust pipe 10.
• the anti-noise chamber 11 is defined by first cylindrical section 12 of a large diameter and an adjoining smaller diameter section 13.
• the left hand end of the large diameter section 12 is closed off by an annular end plate 13 which is supported at the outer surface of the exhaust pipe 10 by welding connection 14.
• the opposite end of the anti-noise chamber 11 is supported by radially extending support plates 15 attached by welding 16 at the exhaust pipe 2 and by welding 17 at the anti-noise chamber 13.
• a pair of cylindrical speaker support sections 17 are connected by a welding connection 18 to the cylindrical section 12 at a position adjacent the end cap 13.
• the cylindrical speaker support sections 17 have a slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the section 12 of the anti-noise chamber and are there joined by welding seams 18.
• These anti-noise speaker support cylinder sections 17 are disposed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust pipe 10 and anti-noise chamber 11.
• Anti-noise speakers 19 are mounted in each of the respective support section 17 and are disposed to generate sound waves emenating into the anti-noise chamber 11.
• the anti-noise chamber 11 is concentric and to separate from the exhaust pipe 10, with the anti-noise sound waves generated by the speaker 19 and propagated along the length of the member 11 opening into the atmosphere at the same exit plane 4 as the exhaust gases from the exhaust pipe 10.
• the manufacture of the anti-noise muffler chamber arrangement is quite simple and it can be constructed as a unit that can be added on to an existing exhaust system 3 merely by connecting the left hand end of the pipe section 10 to the exhaust pipe of a vehicle.
• the exhaust pipe 2 and the cylindrical sections 12, 13 making up the anti-noise chamber 11 and the speaker supports 17 are all constructed of metal that can be easily welded together, thus further simplifying the manufacturing operation.
• Embodiments are also contemplated with a heat insulating connection at the exhaust pipe 10 such as an annular heat insulating material ring surrounding the pipe 10 which limits the transfer of heat to the components.
• a heat insulating connection at the exhaust pipe 10 such as an annular heat insulating material ring surrounding the pipe 10 which limits the transfer of heat to the components.
• the speakers 19 are disposed symmetrically with respect to the noise generating exhaust pipe 10, an especially efficient utilization of space and cancellation of noise is provided since ther is symmetrical disposition of the anti-noise waves around the annular space at the outlet end 4 of the muffler pipe arrangement. Since the noise cancelling sound waves emanate in substantially the same plane or the exhaust gases, the anti-sound wave propagation is symmetrical with the sound wave propagation from the exhaust pipe outlet, thereby simplifying the construction and operation.
• the speakers 19 are also isolated by chamber 11 from the exhaust gases and thereby do not have to withstand the highly corrosive hot gases in the exhaust stream.
• the dimensions are as follows referring to Figure 6: diameter 10 of the exhaust pipe 10 is 2.250 inches inside diameter, the length 13 between end plate 13 and the left end of the pipe 10 is 2 inches, the radial width 12R of the chamber section 12 outside of the pipe 10 is 1.75 inches, the radial width 13R between the outside of the pipe 10 and the outer wall of cylindrical section 12 is .75 inches, the radial length of the speaker support sections 17, 17R is 2.5 inches, the diameter of the cylindrical sections 17, 17D is 5 inches, the distance between the edge of the sections 17 and the end chamber section 12, 12L is 4.75 inches, and the length 13L of the section 13 is 5 inches.
• FIG. 8 and 9 is the same as the embodiment of Figures 5 through 7 described above, except for the addition of an intermediate low pressure cooling exhaust gas chamber 20 between the anti-noise chamber 11A and the exhaust pipe.
• like reference numerals with a suffix A will be included to designate corresponding structure from the embodiment of Figures 5 through 8. These structures are described only to the extent that they function differently from the corresponding structure embodiment of Figures 5 and 8.
• the annular intermediate chamber 20 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 10A by eight radially extending 1/8 inch diameter holes 21 in the pipe 10A.
• the holes 21 are disposed at the upstream end of the anti-noise chamber 11 and allow a small amount of cooling air to be sucked in by the exhaust gas flow through the opening at end plane 4A so cooling air flows in chamber 20 counter to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases and then into the exhaust pipe.
• the radially extending reinforcing plates 15 extend also through the end portion of this chamber 20 and support the respective concentric pipes forming same.
• the cooling air flow communicated to the exhaust pipe through openings 21 also aid in reducing the turbulence of the exhaust gases that exit from the exhaust pipe 10A and thereby further reduce over all noise levels.
• FIG. 10 schematically depicts a first embodiment of a control system for the active digital muffler system of the present invention.
• a synchronization sensor such as an engine tachometer 9 provides synchronization signal inputs to a digital controller 7 which is also supplied by a residual sensor microphone 8 which picks up the actual sound wave pattern downstream of the outlet 4 of the exhaust pipe 10 and the anti-noise chamber 11 the controller 7 controls power amplifier 6 which in turn drives the speakers 19 to generate the noise-cancelling waves in the chamber 11, which then travel to the outlet plane 4 of the exhaust pipe 10 and effect cancellation of the sound waves emenating from the pipe outlet.
• the audio power amplifier 6 is integrated with the digital electronic controller 7.
• the digital controller can utilize a frequency domain alogorithm as described in U.S.
• Patent 4,490,841 by Chaplin can utilize a time domain alogorithm as described in co-inventor Eldon Ziegler, Jr.'s pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 238,188 filed on August 30, 1988.
• a practical speaker and microphone usaljbe with a configuration as in Figures 5-7 or 8 and 9 has the following characteristics. ⁇ A ⁇
• FIG. 11 A second control system for the active digital muffler system is schematically depicted in Figure 11. Since the Figure 11 system only differs from the Figure 10 system in the utilization of an upstream sensor microphone 22, in lieu of the tachometer synchronizing sensor 9, the remaining structure is depicted by similar reference numerals as in Figure 10. Similarly to the Figure 10 embodiment, either of a frequency domain alogorithm controller or a time domain alogorithm controller can be utilized. The difference between the Figure 10 and 11 embodiment being that the input from microphone 22 is utilized instead of the input from a tachometer sensor 9 as in Figure 10. It is further noted that a controller corresponding to the NCT 20C0 controller marketed by Noise Cancellation Technologies Inc., can be used to serve as controller 7. /?
• Figure 12 is a graphical comparison showing a dramatic reduction in noise levels utilizing the active digital muffler system on a diesel engine, as compared with operating the same diesel engine without cancellation.
• the upper graph shows the noise levels without cancellation and the lower graph shows the noise levels with cancellation.
• the following is a Table of the experimental results shown on the Figure 12 graph.
• the passive muffler can be deleted from the vehicle exhaust pipe system. Deletion of the passive muffler (so-called "straight pipe” operations) results in remarkable increases in engine efficiency and power, as is known to those skilled in the art of automotive internal combustion engines .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
• Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

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Citations (2)

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• 1989
  • 1989-02-17 EP EP89902911A patent/EP0373188B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-02-17 WO PCT/US1989/000665 patent/WO1989007701A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-02-17 DE DE68911112T patent/DE68911112T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-17 KR KR1019890701918A patent/KR0137271B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-17 JP JP1502703A patent/JP2709743B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-02-17 BR BR898905996A patent/BR8905996A/en unknown
  • 1989-02-20 CA CA000591506A patent/CA1329140C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-10-18 RU SU894742315A patent/RU2009334C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (5)

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