EP0564909B1 - Procédé pour la production d'une image photographique - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production d'une image photographique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0564909B1
EP0564909B1 EP93104864A EP93104864A EP0564909B1 EP 0564909 B1 EP0564909 B1 EP 0564909B1 EP 93104864 A EP93104864 A EP 93104864A EP 93104864 A EP93104864 A EP 93104864A EP 0564909 B1 EP0564909 B1 EP 0564909B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver halide
compounds
layers
coupler
color
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP93104864A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0564909A1 (fr
Inventor
Kaspar Wingender
Arno Dr. Schmuck
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert AG
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/392Additives
    • G03C7/39208Organic compounds
    • G03C7/3924Heterocyclic
    • G03C7/39244Heterocyclic the nucleus containing only nitrogen as hetero atoms
    • G03C7/39252Heterocyclic the nucleus containing only nitrogen as hetero atoms two nitrogen atoms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3017Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials with intensification of the image by oxido-reduction
    • G03C7/302Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials with intensification of the image by oxido-reduction using peroxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of a color photographic Image by a so-called development enhancement process starting from a color photographic Silver halide material with special intermediate layers.
  • EOP catcher or scavenger e.g. EP-A-526 795 is the state of the art according to Article 54 (3) EPC
  • EPC Article 54 (3) EPC
  • dialkyl-substituted Hydroquinones e.g. 2,5-dioctylhydroquinone
  • their alkyl radicals diffusion into other layers of the material should prevent and their OH groups oxidized by the EOP will.
  • EOP catcher that can be used is limited, since otherwise considerably thicker intermediate layers would have to be poured as desired.
  • the object of the invention was therefore, for such a development reinforcement method to provide a material that with excellent sharpness color photographic Delivers images of great color purity.
  • Suitable compounds of this type are (a) those which diffusion-proofing groups and at least one have active methylene group in which a hydrogen atom by a residue that cannot be split off, e.g. a Alkyl group, is substituted, (b) those containing a have active methylene group in which a hydrogen atom due to a detachable, a diffusion resistant making group is substituted and the product created after the reaction with the EOP no longer contains a diffusion-proofing group and is waterable, or (c) those in a heterocycle have an active methylene group, according to Reaction with the EOP produces a colorless product.
  • Connections of type (a) are also called white couplers.
  • Each of these compounds can be a single substance as well as a mixture of 2 and more substances be used.
  • Scavengers are used. Scavenger are in Research Disclosure 17 643, Chapter VII, 17 842 and 18 716 and in EP 69 070, 98 072, 124 877 and 125 522 described.
  • the material can also be a substrate layer, further intermediate layers, one or more yellow filter layers and one or more protective or Cover layers included.
  • silver halides of the silver halide emulsion layers come AgBr, AgBrCl, AgBrI, AgBrClI and AgCl into consideration.
  • the silver halides preferably contain all photosensitive Layers at least 80 mole% chloride, in particular 95 to 100 mol% of chloride, 0 to 5 mol% Bromide and 0 to 1 mol% iodide.
  • the silver halide emulsions can work directly positive or preferably be negative working emulsions.
  • the silver halide can be predominantly compact Act crystals that e.g. regular cubic or are octahedral or may have transitional forms.
  • twins e.g. B. platelet-shaped crystals are present, their average Ratio of diameter to thickness preferred is at least 5: 1, the diameter being one Grain is defined as the diameter of a circle with a circle content corresponding to the projected Area of the grain.
  • the layers can also be tabular Have silver halide crystals in which the ratio of diameter to thickness greater than 5: 1 is, e.g. 12: 1 to 30: 1.
  • the silver halide grains can also be multi-layered Have grain structure, in the simplest case with an inner and an outer grain area (core / shell), the halide composition and / or other modifications, such as Endowments of the individual Grain areas are different.
  • the middle The grain size of the emulsions is preferably between 0.2 ⁇ m and 2.0 ⁇ m, the grain size distribution can be both be homo- and heterodisperse.
  • the emulsions can in addition to the silver halide, organic silver salts included, e.g. Silver benzotriazolate or silver behenate.
  • Two or more types of silver halide emulsions which are made separately, as a mixture be used.
  • the photographic emulsions can be different Methods (e.g. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), G.F. Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), V.L. Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) soluble silver salts and soluble halides will.
  • Methods e.g. P. Glafkides, Chimie et Physique Photographique, Paul Montel, Paris (1967), G.F. Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry, The Focal Press, London (1966), V.L. Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion, The Focal Press, London (1966) soluble silver salts and soluble halides will.
  • the silver halide is preferably precipitated in Presence of the binder, e.g. the gelatin and can carried out in the acidic, neutral or alkaline pH range are, preferably silver halide complexing agents can also be used.
  • the latter belong e.g. Ammonia, thioether, imidazole, ammonium thiocyanate or excess halide.
  • the merge the water-soluble silver salts and the halides optionally takes place one after the other after the singlejet or simultaneously using the double-jet process or by any combination of both methods.
  • the pAg range can be changed during the Precipitation can vary within wide limits, preferably uses the so-called pAg-controlled method, in which a certain pAg is kept constant or on Run through the defined pAg profile during the precipitation becomes.
  • a certain pAg is kept constant or on Run through the defined pAg profile during the precipitation becomes.
  • inverse precipitation Silver ion excess possible can be the silver halide crystals also by physical Ripening (Ostwaldreifung), in the presence of excess halide and / or silver halide complexing agent to grow.
  • the growth of the emulsion grains can even predominantly through Ostwald ripening take place, preferably a fine-grained, so-called Lippmann emulsion, with a less soluble Emulsion mixed and redissolved on the latter.
  • the silver halide grains can be precipitated in the presence of "growth modifiers" are substances that are influence the growth so that special grain shapes and grain surfaces (e.g. 111 surfaces at AgCl) arise.
  • growth modifiers are substances that are influence the growth so that special grain shapes and grain surfaces (e.g. 111 surfaces at AgCl) arise.
  • the precipitation can also be carried out in the presence of sensitizing dyes respectively.
  • Complexing agent and / or dyes can be any Deactivate the point in time, e.g. by changing the pH or by an oxidative treatment.
  • Gelatin is preferably used as the binder. However, this can be done in whole or in part by others synthetic, semi-synthetic or also naturally occurring Polymers to be replaced. Synthetic gelatin substitutes Examples are polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinyl pyrolidone, Polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid and their derivatives, in particular their copolymers. Naturally occurring gelatin substitutes are, for example other proteins like albumin or casein, Cellulose, sugar, starch or alginates. Semi-synthetic Gelatin substitutes are usually modified Natural products.
  • Cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose and phthalyl cellulose as well as gelatin derivatives, which by implementation with alkylating or acylating agents or by Grafting polymerizable monomers obtained are examples of this.
  • the binders should have a sufficient amount of functional groups so that by implementation sufficiently resistant with suitable hardening agents Layers can be created.
  • Such functional Groups are especially amino groups, but also Carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups and active methylene groups.
  • the gelatin which is preferably used can be acidic or alkaline digestion.
  • the production such gelatin is described, for example, in The Science and Technology of Gelatine, published by A.G. Ward and A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, page 295 ff.
  • the gelatin used in each case should have the lowest possible photographic content contain active impurities (inert gelatine). High viscosity, low swelling gelatins are particularly advantageous.
  • the gelatin can partially or be completely oxidized.
  • the soluble salts are removed at an earlier point in time removed from the emulsion, e.g. by pasta and washing, by flaking and washing, by ultrafiltration or through ion exchangers.
  • the photographic emulsions can be compounds to Prevention of fog or for stabilization the photographic function during production, the Storage or photographic processing included.
  • Azaindenes are particularly suitable, preferably tetra- and penta-azaindenes, in particular those which are substituted by hydroxyl or amino groups.
  • Such connections are e.g. B. von Birr, Z. Wiss. Phot. 47 (1952), pp. 2-58.
  • Salts of metals such as mercury or cadmium, aromatic sulfonic or sulfinic acids such as benzenesulfinic acid, or nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as nitrobenzimidazole, nitroindazole, (subst.) Benzotriazoles or benzothiazolium salts can also be used as antifoggants.
  • Heterocycles containing mercapto groups e.g. B.
  • mercaptobenzthiazoles mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, mercaptopyrimidines, these mercaptoazoles also containing a water-solubilizing group, for example a carboxyl group or sulfo group.
  • a water-solubilizing group for example a carboxyl group or sulfo group.
  • the stabilizers can the silver halide emulsions before, during or after their ripening.
  • the connections can also be made to others photographic layers that are a layer of halogen silver are assigned.
  • the silver halide emulsions usually become chemical matured, for example by the action of gold compounds or compounds of divalent sulfur.
  • the photographic emulsion layers or other hydrophilic Colloid layers of the one produced according to the invention Photosensitive material can be surface active Contain funds for various purposes, such as coating aids, to prevent electrical charging Improvement of the sliding properties, for emulsifying the Dispersion, to prevent adhesion and to improve the photographic characteristics (e.g. acceleration of development, high contrast, sensitization etc.).
  • Sensitizers can be dispensed with if for intrinsic sensitivity in a certain spectral range of the silver halide is sufficient, for example the blue sensitivity.
  • the differently sensitized emulsion layers become non-diffusing monomeric or polymeric color couplers assigned which is in the same shift or in a layer adjacent to it can.
  • Color coupler for generating the blue-green partial color image are usually couplers of the phenol or ⁇ -naphthol type.
  • Color coupler for generating the purple partial color image are usually couplers of the 5-pyrazolone type Indazolons or the pyrazoloazole.
  • Color coupler for generating the yellow partial color image are usually couplers with an open chain ketomethylene grouping, in particular couplers of the type ⁇ -acylacetamids; suitable examples are ⁇ -benzoylacetanilide couplers and ⁇ -pivaloylacetanilide couplers.
  • the color couplers can be 4-equivalent couplers, but also act as 2-equiv. couplers.
  • Latter are derived from the 4-equivalent couplers in that they contain a substituent in the coupling point, which is split off at the clutch.
  • the couplers usually contain a ballast residue, diffusion within the material, i.e. either within a shift or from shift to shift, impossible to make.
  • ballast residues can also be used with high molecular weight couplers will.
  • High molecular weight color couplers are for example in DE-C-1 297 417, DE-A-24 07 569, DE-A-31 48 125, DE-A-32 17 200, DE-A-33 20 079, DE-A-33 24 932, DE-A-33 31 743, DE-A-33 40 376, EP-A-27 284, US-A-4 080 211 described.
  • the high molecular color couplers are used in usually by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomeric color couplers. You can but also obtained by polyaddition or polycondensation will.
  • Hydrophobic compounds can also be made using high-boiling solvents, so-called oil formers, be introduced into the casting solution.
  • Appropriate methods are for example in US-A-2 322 027, US-A-2 801 170, US-A-2 801 171 and EP-A-0 043 037.
  • the compounds can also be in the form of loaded latices be introduced into the casting solution. Is referred for example on DE-A-25 41 230, DE-A-25 41 274, DE-A-28 35 856, EP-A-0 014 921, EP-A-0 069 671, EP-A-0 130,115, U.S. 4,291,113.
  • anionic water-soluble Compounds e.g. from dyes
  • cationic polymers so-called pickling polymers respectively.
  • Suitable oil formers are e.g. Alkyl phthalate, Phosphonic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, citric acid esters, Benzoic acid esters, amides, fatty acid esters, trimesic acid esters, Alcohols, phenols, aniline derivatives and Hydrocarbons.
  • oil formers examples include dibutyl phthalate, Dicyclohexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, decyl phthalate, Triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, Tricyclohexyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, Tridecyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, Trichloropropyl phosphate, di-2-ethylhexylphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, dodecyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Diethyldodecanamide, N-tetradecylpyrrolidone, Isostearyl alcohol, 2,4-di-tert-amylphenol, Dioctyl acylate,
  • the photographic material can also contain UV light-absorbing compounds, whiteners, spacers, filter dyes, formalin scavengers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, D min dyes, additives to improve dye, coupler and white stabilization and to reduce the color fog, plasticizers (latices), Contain biocides and others.
  • Ultraviolet absorbing couplers such as Cyan couplers of the ⁇ -naphthol type
  • ultraviolet absorbing Polymers are used. These ultraviolet absorbents can be done by pickling in a special Layer fixed.
  • filter dyes suitable for visible light Oxonol dyes include hemioxonol dyes, styryl dyes, Merocyanine dyes, cyanine dyes and azo dyes.
  • oxonol dyes, Hemioxonol dyes and merocyanine dyes used particularly advantageously.
  • Suitable whiteners are e.g. in Research Disclosure 17,643 (Dec. 1978), Chapter V, in US-A-2,632,701, 3 269 840 and in GB-A-852 075 and 1 319 763 described.
  • Certain layers of binder especially that of Carrier most distant layer, but also occasionally Intermediate layers, especially if they during the manufacturing process the furthest from the wearer represent removed layer, can be photographically inert Contain particles of inorganic or organic nature, e.g. as a matting agent or as a spacer (DE-A-33 31 542, DE-A-34 24 893, Research Disclosure 17 643, (Dec. 1978), Chapter XVI).
  • the average particle diameter of the spacers is in particular in the range from 0.2 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the spacers are insoluble in water and insoluble in alkali or be alkali-soluble, the alkali-soluble generally in an alkaline development bath the photographic material are removed.
  • suitable polymers are polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers from acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate as well Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate.
  • Additives to improve the dye, coupler and White stability and to reduce the color fog can belong to the following chemical substance classes: Hydroquinones, 6-hydroxychromanes, 5-hydroxycoumarans, Spirochromanes, spiroindanes, p-alkoxyphenols, steric hindered phenols, gallic acid derivatives, methylenedioxybenzenes, Aminophenols, sterically hindered amines, derivatives with esterified or etherified phenolic hydroxyl groups, Metal complexes.
  • the layers of the photographic material can with the usual hardening agents are hardened.
  • Suitable Hardening agents are e.g. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and similar aldehyde compounds, diacetyl, cyclopentadione and similar ketone compounds, bis (2-chloroethyl urea), 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichlorl, 3,5-triazine and others Compounds containing reactive halogen (US-A-3 288,775, US-A-2,732,303, GB-A-974,723 and GB-A-1 167 207) Divinyl sulfone compounds, 5-acetyl-1,3-di-acryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine and other connections, which contain a reactive olefin bond (US-A-3 635,718, U.S.-A-3,232,763 and GB-A-994,869); N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and other N
  • the hardening can be effected in a known manner by that the hardening agent of the casting solution for the hardening layer is added, or in that the Layer to be hardened is covered with a layer which contains a diffusible hardening agent.
  • hardening agents that react very quickly with gelatin is it e.g. carbamoylpyridinium salts, those with free carboxyl groups of gelatin able to react, so that the latter with free amino groups gelatin to form peptide bonds and crosslinking of the gelatin react.
  • White couplers which can be used according to the invention are, for example known from DE-OS 19 09 067 and 27 05 974.
  • R 1 is preferably an R 4 -NH group
  • R 3 is an R 5 -SO 2 group
  • R 4 is an acyl group with ballast function
  • R 5 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl.
  • Development and amplification can take place in one or two baths, the concentrations of color developer preferably being 0.01 to 0.1 mol / l and H 2 O 2 being 0.5 to 25 g / l.
  • Developing, strengthening, bleach-fixing or fixing the usual ones can stabilize or stabilize Connect steps of watering and drying. Even fixing (Dissolving the unexposed silver halide) can omitted if the silver halide through a stabilizing bath in a light-insensitive silver complex salt is transferred. In this case, stabilization can connect drying immediately.
  • Suitable color developer compounds are aromatic compounds of the p-phenyldiamine type containing at least one primary amino group, for example N, N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamines such as N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-methanesulfone-amidoethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylenediamine, 1- (N-ethyl-N- (3-hydroxypropyl) -3-methyl-p- phenylene diamine and 1- (N-ethyl-N-methoxyethyl) -3-methyl-p-phenylene diamine Further useful color developers are,
  • a color photographic recording material was produced by applying the following layers in the order given to a support made of paper coated on both sides with polyethylene. The quantities given relate to 1 m 2 . The corresponding amounts of AgNO 3 are given for the silver halide application.
  • the layers were dried, exposed imagewise in a sensitometer through a step wedge with 120 Lx.s behind green or red filter and developed as follows: Color development 35 ° C 25 s Reinforce 23 ° C 10 s Fix 23 ° C 15 s Water 23 ° C 60 s Composition of the color developer solution water 800 ml Polyglycol P400 22 ml Diethyl hydroxylamine (85% by weight, aqueous) 6 ml CD3 7.2 g Potassium sulfite 0.33 g 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 0.14 g Potassium hydrogen carbonate 5.0 g Potassium carbonate 22.0 g Potassium hydroxide approx.
  • the Purple and teal extracts behind blue, green and Red filter measured and the percentage secondary densities at densities 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 determined by veil. From the table it can be seen that the secondary density with increasing scavenger or white coupler orders less will. The table also shows that white couplers is much more effective than the scavenger. When using white coupler compared to the scavenger the order can therefore be reduced considerably, without deteriorating the color purity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé de production d'images photographiques couleurs par traitement d'un matériau photographique couleur à l'halogénure d'argent comportant les étapes de
    (a) insolation,
    (b) développement avec un développateur chromogène,
    (c) traitement avec H2O2 ou un composé qui libère H2O2,
    (d) blanchiment et fixage ou blanchiment-fixage ou fixage, sans blanchir ou stabiliser,
    (e) éventuellement lavage et
    (f) séchage,
    où les étapes (b) et (c) peuvent être regroupées en une étape et où le matériau photographique couleur à l'halogénure d'argent contient sur un support au moins une couche d'émulsion d'halogénure d'argent sensible au bleu, contenant au moins un coupleur jaune, au moins une couche d'émulsion d'halogénure d'argent sensible au vert contenant au moins un coupleur pourpre et au moins une couche d'émulsion d'halogénure d'argent sensible au rouge contenant au moins un coupleur bleu-vert ainsi que des couches intermédiaires non sensibles à la lumière entre les couches d'émulsion d'halogénure d'argent sensibles à la lumière de sensibilisation spectrale différente, caractérisé en ce que les couches intermédiaires situées entre les couches d'émulsion d'halogénure d'argent de sensibilisation spectrale différente contiennent en une quantité de 0,02 à 1,0 mmol/m2 des composés qui sont incorporés dans la couche en résistant à la diffusion et qui réagissent avec le POD en se liant au POD pour former des produits qui ne communiquent aucune coloration durable au matériau.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme composés qui sont incorporés dans la couche en résistant à la diffusion et qui réagissent avec le produit d'oxydation du développateur en se liant au produit d'oxydation du développateur pour former des produits qui ne communiquent aucune coloration durable au matériau des coupleurs blancs de formule
    Figure 00470001
    R1 et R3 sont des substituants de coupleur courants parmi lesquels l'un au moins présente une fonction de ballast, et
    R2 est un groupe alkyle linéaire ou ramifié de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les halogénures d'argent de toutes les couches sensibles à la lumière contiennent au moins 80 mol% de AgCl.
EP93104864A 1992-04-06 1993-03-24 Procédé pour la production d'une image photographique Expired - Lifetime EP0564909B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4211460 1992-04-06
DE4211460A DE4211460A1 (de) 1992-04-06 1992-04-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines fotografischen Bildes

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EP0564909A1 EP0564909A1 (fr) 1993-10-13
EP0564909B1 true EP0564909B1 (fr) 1998-09-02

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19502083A1 (de) * 1995-01-24 1996-07-25 Agfa Gevaert Ag Farbfotografisches Silberhalogenidmaterial

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3523395A1 (de) * 1985-06-29 1987-01-08 Agfa Gevaert Ag Fotografisches aufzeichnungsmaterial mit verbesserter stabilitaet und verfahren zur herstellung fotografischer bilder
DE3830024A1 (de) * 1988-09-03 1990-03-08 Agfa Gevaert Ag Verfahren zur verarbeitung eines farbfotografischen materials
DE4009181A1 (de) * 1990-03-22 1991-09-26 Agfa Gevaert Ag Farbfotografisches silberhalogenidmaterial und seine entwicklung
DE4020058A1 (de) * 1990-06-23 1992-01-02 Agfa Gevaert Ag Farbfotografisches aufzeichnungsmaterial
DE4125756A1 (de) * 1991-08-03 1993-02-04 Agfa Gevaert Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines fotografischen bildes

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JPH0619095A (ja) 1994-01-28
DE4211460A1 (de) 1993-10-07
DE59308939D1 (de) 1998-10-08
EP0564909A1 (fr) 1993-10-13

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