EP0658183A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger einwertiger alkohole. - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger einwertiger alkohole.Info
- Publication number
- EP0658183A1 EP0658183A1 EP92922141A EP92922141A EP0658183A1 EP 0658183 A1 EP0658183 A1 EP 0658183A1 EP 92922141 A EP92922141 A EP 92922141A EP 92922141 A EP92922141 A EP 92922141A EP 0658183 A1 EP0658183 A1 EP 0658183A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- oil
- short
- stage
- monoalkylated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)-phenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(F)C=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yloxyethanol Chemical compound CC(C)OCCO HCGFUIQPSOCUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims 1
- SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Gulomethylit Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactic Acid Natural products CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-bromopyridin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(CC#N)N=C1 DPZHKLJPVMYFCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCO YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014541 cooking fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M monosodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of fatty acid esters and / or fatty acid ester mixtures of short-chain monohydric alcohols or monoalkylated diols by transesterification of fatty acid glycerides with the short-chain alcohols or monoalkylated diols in the presence of basic catalysts.
- the fatty acid esters produced according to the invention are suitable as pharmaceutical, dietary or cosmetic raw materials, as intermediate products for further fatty acid derivatives, such as fatty alcohols, fatty amines, surfactants etc., and as lubricants, plasticizers, hydraulic oils, fuels and fuels for operating diesel engines
- the main disadvantages of the known processes are that the fatty acid glycerides, if the transesterification is to take place at temperatures below 100 ° C. and without pressure, are ripened after they have been obtained, for example by pressing or extraction. must be freed, in particular from free fatty acids and phosphates. If, on the other hand, unpurified fatty acid glycerides are used, high pressures and high temperatures or other measures, such as pre-esterification of the free fatty acids, alcohol vapor countercurrent processes, etc., must be used. All of these measures require a great deal of technical and apparatus expenditure and thus high investment costs and make it more difficult or impossible to use these processes for obtaining renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources in small plants, for example in the context of agricultural operations or in developing countries.
- a further difficulty is the removal of portions of the basic catalyst remaining in the fatty acid ester phase. If this removal is carried out by washing with water or with dilute acids, the formation of emulsions, especially when using phosphate-rich oils, and due to high levels of Sewage causes problems. If ion exchangers are used, their regeneration and the resulting waste water cause problems.
- This aim is achieved according to the invention in that a) the transesterification in the presence of 0.5 to 5.0%, based on the mass of the fatty acid glyceride used, of a basic catalyst with an excess of the short-chain alcohol or monoalkylated diol of 1.1 up to 3.0 moles per mole of fatty acid bound to glycerol, optionally in the presence of 0.5% to 10% water, based on the mass of the fatty acid glyceride used, in several, preferably two, stages that b) the glycerol phase obtained after transesterification after the first stage by settling and separating, either in whole or in part, but at least to a tenth, after the transesterification of the second stage or a further stage, this is added with stirring and that c) after renewed settling and separating the Glycerol phase and after removal of excess short-chain alcohol or monoalkylated diol an optionally diluted organic or inorganic acid is added with stirring, after phase separation has taken place,
- Fatty acid esters produced in this way meet all purity requirements placed on diesel fuels without further treatment.
- Basic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compounds for example the oxides, hydroxides, alcoholates, borates, carbonates, aluminates or silicates of lithium, sodium potassium or calcium, are suitable as catalysts as concentrated aqueous or alcoholic solutions.
- the short-chain alcohols are monohydric aliphatic alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, for example methanol, ethanol, butanols, acid amyl alcohols, neopentyl alcohol and
- Fusel oils as well as aliphatic diols with 2 to 5 carbon atoms
- men which are mo ⁇ o-alkylated by alkyl radicals having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as, for example, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1,2-propanediol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol mono-i-propyl ether.
- alkyl radicals having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as, for example, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1,2-propanediol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol mono-i-propyl ether.
- the alcohols or monoalkylated diols mentioned can be used both purely and in any mixing ratio with one another.
- oils All naturally occurring vegetable or animal fats and oils, all partially and fully synthetic fatty acid glycerides and used fatty acid glycerides, such as e.g. used edible oils and fats, as well as used technical fats and oils based on glyceride, for example soya oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, beef tallow, used frying oil or fat, ge ⁇ needed hydraulic or lubricating oils, in question.
- the oils mentioned can be used in the raw state from hot or cold pressing or from an extraction with up to 20% free fatty acids and up to 3% phosphatides, but also in any purified form. They can be used alone or in any mixing ratio.
- suitable organic or inorganic acids are phosphoric, sulfuric, salt, nitric, boric, formic, acetic, lactic, gluconic, oxalic, succinic, maleic, tartaric, malic and citric acid as well as organic sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid semiester and concentrated solutions of acidic salts, such as potassium or sodium hydrogen sulfate, potassium or sodium dihydrogen phosphate or mono-potassium or mono-sodium dihydrogen citrate.
- acidic salts such as potassium or sodium hydrogen sulfate, potassium or sodium dihydrogen phosphate or mono-potassium or mono-sodium dihydrogen citrate.
- the acids can be used in concentrated or semi-concentrated form. 10 to 20% acid solutions can also be used.
- the transesterification by the process according to the invention takes place in such a way that the fatty acid glyceride is placed in a container such that in a first stage 4 tenths to 10 tenths of the total amount of short-chain alcohol or monoalkylated diol and 4 tenths used up to 9 tenths of the total amount of catalyst used, in concentrated aqueous or alcoholic solution, with stirring, and this mass 5 to Is stirred for 60 minutes.
- the heavier glycerol phase is discharged through an opening at the bottom of the container and the supernatant is in a second or in further stages with the remaining amount (s) of the short-chain alcohol or diol or without another Add the same and the remaining amount (s) of the basic catalyst with stirring and stir for 5 to 60 minutes. Then the previously drained glycerol phase is added in whole or in part, but at least one tenth, and this mass is stirred for 2 to 10 minutes. In the more than two-stage implementation processes, the glycerol phase from the previous stage is added to the next stage after its transesterification.
- the glycerol phase is drained again and the excess fatty acid ester is freed of excess alcohol or diol in a known manner by distillative or adsorptive methods and, if appropriate, after settling and separating off a further amount of a heavier phase, an optionally diluted organic or inorganic Acid is added and this mass is stirred for 10 to 60 minutes.
- the amount of acid required is very small. It depends on the amount of basic catalyst remaining in the fatty acid ester and is in the range from 0.02 to 0.1% by weight, based on the amount of the fatty acid ester.
- the acid is added in an amount of 1% to 10% and the mass is stirred.
- the acid phase is used again for the next batch, until the capacity is exhausted, that is to say the acid is approximately neutralized.
- the protruding fatty acid ester is removed and, if appropriate, is preferably filtered using a coalescence filter.
- the same short-chain alcohol or the same monoalkylated diol or a certain mixing ratio of these and the same catalyst are preferably used in all the conversion steps. It is also possible to use one of the alcohols mentioned or a diol in the first stage and another alcohol or another diol mentioned in the further stages. Furthermore, it is possible to use one of the catalysts mentioned in the first stage and another in the second stage.
- the transesterification according to the process according to the invention takes place at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between -25 ° C. and + 60 ° C., provided the viscosity or the pour point of the fatty acid glyceride permits this. It may be necessary to convert fatty acid glycerides, which are in solid form at ambient temperature, into the liquid state by heating
- the fatty acid esters can be prepared by the process according to the invention in open or closed containers of any size, which are advantageously equipped with a drain device on the bottom.
- stirring can be carried out by hand, using an electric or compressed air-operated, simple paddle stirrer or advantageously in closed containers with a permanently installed agitator.
- the phases are separated by the action of gravity. Excess alcohol or monoalkylated diol is removed in a known manner, for example by means of falling film evaporators, blowing through air, nitrogen or water vapor.
- the necessary manipulations can be carried out by hand or automated as desired. If suitable metering devices, a special reaction vessel and a corresponding monitoring system are present, the method according to the invention can also be carried out continuously.
- the process is characterized by the following main advantages: very fast and exact separation of the phases, even at high ones
- the yield of rapeseed methyl ester is 95 g.
- Unesterified fatty acid glycerides 0.9% free glycerin: 0.02% total glycerin: 0.15% sulfate ash: 0.01% coking residue according to Conradson: 0.04%
- Example 2
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT2200/91 | 1991-11-06 | ||
| AT0220091A AT397510B (de) | 1991-11-06 | 1991-11-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger alkohole |
| PCT/AT1992/000136 WO1993009212A1 (de) | 1991-11-06 | 1992-11-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger einwertiger alkohole |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0658183A1 true EP0658183A1 (de) | 1995-06-21 |
| EP0658183B1 EP0658183B1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=3529860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92922141A Expired - Lifetime EP0658183B1 (de) | 1991-11-06 | 1992-11-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern kurzkettiger einwertiger alkohole |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5434279A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0658183B1 (de) |
| AT (2) | AT397510B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2880992A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2122713A1 (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ111694A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59208211D1 (de) |
| HU (1) | HU212123B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1993009212A1 (de) |
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| US8692008B2 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2014-04-08 | Basf Se | Use of methanesulfonic acid for preparing fatty acid esters |
| WO2020074435A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | Basf Se | Method of producing biodiesel |
| WO2021204610A1 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-14 | Basf Se | Energy efficient biodiesel production from natural or industrial waste oil |
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| DE4318673C2 (de) * | 1993-06-04 | 1999-07-29 | Pfanni Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Keimhemmungsmittel für Kartoffeln |
| US5424467A (en) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-06-13 | Idaho Research Foundation | Method for purifying alcohol esters |
| AT399336B (de) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-04-25 | Martin Mag Dr Mittelbach | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern |
| AT405938B (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1999-12-27 | Lackner Johannes | Kontinuierliches umesterungsverfahren, durchflussreaktor sowie trennrohr |
| AU5413196A (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-11-18 | Sucher & Holzer Bauplanungs- Und Handelsgesellschaft M.B.H. | Worm press |
| AT406870B (de) * | 1995-06-16 | 2000-10-25 | Sucher & Holzer Bauplan Handel | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäurealkylestern |
| US6084122A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-07-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Sulfur removal process from an acrylate waste stream |
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| AT406871B (de) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-10-25 | Mittelbach Martin | Verfahren zum verwerten eines esters, der aus mindestens einer fettsäure und einem mono-, di- oder trisaccharid gebildet ist |
| US6127560A (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2000-10-03 | West Central Cooperative | Method for preparing a lower alkyl ester product from vegetable oil |
| EP1147226B1 (de) * | 1999-01-27 | 2013-01-23 | Folim G. Halaka | Materialien und verfahren zur reinigung von polyelektrolyten |
| DE19925871A1 (de) * | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-21 | At Agrar Technik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Fettsäureestern einwertiger Alkylalkohole und deren Verwendung |
| WO2000075096A1 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-14 | Cognis Corporation | Process for the reduction of glycerin in transesterification operations |
| AT410443B (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2003-04-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern niederer alkohole |
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| GB2464886B (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2011-08-10 | Jh Biotech Inc | Preparation of fatty acids in solid form |
| US8022236B2 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2011-09-20 | Aiken John E | Fatty acid alkyl ester production from oleaginous seeds |
| EP2574397B1 (de) * | 2008-01-24 | 2016-04-13 | PolyOne Corporation | Epoxy-1,3-Propandioldisoyat |
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| US8324413B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-12-04 | Texaco Inc. | Low melting point triglycerides for use in fuels |
| US8361172B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-01-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Low melting point triglycerides for use in fuels |
| CN101914014B (zh) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-09-25 | 北京康泰隆科技发展有限公司 | 用于合成及纯化化妆品用合成油脂的方法、及通过其获得的化妆品用合成油脂 |
| FR3002230B1 (fr) | 2013-02-15 | 2016-02-05 | Arkema France | Utilisation de mercapto-esters methyliques en tant qu'agents de transfert de chaine |
| FR3002936B1 (fr) | 2013-03-06 | 2015-03-06 | Arkema France | Utilisation d'acide sulfonique pour la recuperation de glycerol issu de la reaction de trans-esterification de triglycerides |
| US9957464B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2018-05-01 | Renewable Energy Group, Inc. | Methods and devices for producing biodiesel and products obtained therefrom |
| US9328054B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2016-05-03 | Travis Danner | Method of alcoholisis of fatty acids and fatty acid gyicerides |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR8300429A (pt) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-09-04 | Brasil Pesquisa Agropec | Processo da transesterificacao de oleos vegetais |
| DE3319590A1 (de) * | 1983-05-30 | 1984-12-06 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern kurzkettiger aliphatischer alkohole aus freie fettsaeuren enthaltenden fetten und/oder oelen |
| EP0131991B1 (de) * | 1983-07-12 | 1986-12-03 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Kontinuierliches Alkoholyseverfahren |
| DE3325066A1 (de) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Kontinuierliches alkoholyseverfahren |
| DE3707563A1 (de) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-22 | Klaus Dr Ing Scharmer | Verfahren zur alkoholyse von fettsaeureglyceriden und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens |
| SE9001245L (sv) * | 1990-04-05 | 1991-10-06 | Carl Johan Lindquist | Foerestringsprocess |
| AT394374B (de) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-25 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern niederer alkohole |
| AT394571B (de) * | 1991-01-10 | 1992-05-11 | Wimmer Theodor | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsaeureestern kurzkettiger alkohole |
-
1991
- 1991-11-06 AT AT0220091A patent/AT397510B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-11-03 CZ CZ941116A patent/CZ111694A3/cs unknown
- 1992-11-03 US US08/232,285 patent/US5434279A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-03 EP EP92922141A patent/EP0658183B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-03 WO PCT/AT1992/000136 patent/WO1993009212A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1992-11-03 CA CA002122713A patent/CA2122713A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-03 AU AU28809/92A patent/AU2880992A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-03 HU HU9401330A patent/HU212123B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-03 AT AT92922141T patent/ATE150074T1/de active
- 1992-11-03 DE DE59208211T patent/DE59208211D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9309212A1 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8692008B2 (en) | 2008-11-17 | 2014-04-08 | Basf Se | Use of methanesulfonic acid for preparing fatty acid esters |
| WO2012054946A1 (de) | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Theodor Wimmer | Verfahren zur herstellung von fettsäureestern niederer alkohole |
| WO2020074435A1 (en) | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | Basf Se | Method of producing biodiesel |
| WO2021204610A1 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-14 | Basf Se | Energy efficient biodiesel production from natural or industrial waste oil |
| US12031107B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2024-07-09 | Basf Se | Energy efficient biodiesel production from natural or industrial waste oil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59208211D1 (de) | 1997-04-17 |
| ATA220091A (de) | 1992-11-15 |
| EP0658183B1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
| ATE150074T1 (de) | 1997-03-15 |
| US5434279A (en) | 1995-07-18 |
| CZ111694A3 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| AT397510B (de) | 1994-04-25 |
| CA2122713A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| HU9401330D0 (en) | 1994-08-29 |
| AU2880992A (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| WO1993009212A1 (de) | 1993-05-13 |
| HUT66403A (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| HU212123B (en) | 1996-02-28 |
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