EP0867550A1 - A method and apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0867550A1 EP0867550A1 EP97830146A EP97830146A EP0867550A1 EP 0867550 A1 EP0867550 A1 EP 0867550A1 EP 97830146 A EP97830146 A EP 97830146A EP 97830146 A EP97830146 A EP 97830146A EP 0867550 A1 EP0867550 A1 EP 0867550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rollers
- web
- conveyor belt
- compacting rollers
- compacting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
- D06C15/02—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics between co-operating press or calender rolls
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and to apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric. More precisely, the invention relates to systems for producing non-woven fabric in which a web of non-compacted fibres is subjected to a thermal compaction step by being passed through a calender having at least one pair of contrarotating, heated compacting rollers.
- the method of producing non-woven fabric by thermal compaction provides, in a first step, for the formation of a web of non-compacted fibres, for example, by means of carding machines.
- This web may be formed from short or medium fibres or from continuous thread.
- the web of non-compacted fibres has very poor or even non-existent dimensional stability and has to be supported during its supply to the compacting rollers. These rollers are heated to a temperature close or equal to the softening point of the fibres being processed.
- the compacting rollers are also pressed against one another along a generatrix of contact by a pressure which is variable according to the type of fibres being processed. Heat sealing takes place as a result of the passage through the compacting rollers, binding the fibres together and mechanically stabilizing the web.
- FIG. 1 of the appended drawings shows schematically the stage in which the compacting of the web of fibres takes place in conventional apparatus.
- a pair of contrarotating, heated compacting rollers is indicated 2, the axes of rotation of the rollers being contained in a vertical plane.
- a web 4 of non-compacted fibres is supplied to the compacting rollers 2 by means of a conveyor belt 6.
- the output portion of the conveyor belt is placed as close as possible to the point of contact of the compacting rollers 2.
- the main disadvantage of known apparatus of the type described above consists of the fact that the calendering step imposes quite strict limits on production speed.
- the limitations on the maximum calendering speed of the web are due essentially to the lack of mechanical stability of the portion of the web which extends from the point of detachment from the conveyor belt to the point of entry between the compacting rollers.
- the problems of dimensional stability of the web are aggravated by the heat which comes from the lower compacting roller and which falls on the unsupported portion of web.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for producing non-woven fabric which overcome the aforementioned problems.
- this object is achieved by a method and apparatus having the characteristics forming the subject of the claims.
- the present invention proposes a different arrangement of the conveyor belt and of the calender which carries out the thermal compaction of the web of fibres.
- the compacting rollers of the calender are arranged with their axes of rotation contained in a plane which is arranged at an angle to the vertical and the output portion of the conveyor belt is situated above the compacting rollers.
- the web of non-compacted fibres is thus supplied to the compacting rollers by a downward movement from above in an oblique or vertical direction.
- the web of non-compacted fibres is thus subjected by gravity to a force in the direction of advance rather than to a force perpendicular to the web.
- the compacting rollers are preferably arranged in a manner such that their axes of rotation are contained within a substantially horizontal plane.
- a pair of conveyor rollers is disposed between the output portion of the conveyor belt and the compacting rollers.
- Figure 2 shows schematically the portion of apparatus for producing non-woven fabric in which the compaction of a web of non-woven fibres, indicated 10, takes place.
- the web 10 is prepared by known machinery, for example, carding machines, which deposit the web of non-compacted fibres 10 on a conveyor belt 12.
- a calender Beneath the conveyor belt 12 there is a calender, generally indicated 14, comprising a pair of contrarotating compacting rollers 16.
- the outer surfaces of the rollers 16 are heated to a temperature close to the softening point of the fibres.
- the axes of rotation 18 of the compacting rollers 16 are contained in a plane which is arranged at an angle to the vertical.
- the plane containing the axes of rotation 18 is parallel to the floor surface 20 and is thus arranged at 90° to the vertical.
- the plane containing the axes 18 could be arranged differently, provided that it is arranged at an angle to a vertical plane.
- the rollers 16 are urged against one another with a contact pressure which is variable according to the type of fibres being processed.
- the output portion 22 of the conveyor belt 12 is arranged above the compacting rollers 16.
- the web 10 of non-compacted fibres comes off the conveyor belt 12 at the point indicated 24 and is supplied between the rollers 16 vertically downwardly from above.
- a compacted web of non-woven fabric, indicated 26, emerges downstream of the rollers 16.
- the portion 10a of the web of non-compacted fibres which extends from the conveyor belt 12 to the compacting rollers 16 is subjected to a gravitational force which acts in the direction of advance of the web. This prevents the problems due to the lack of dimensional stability of the web in the space in which it is not supported by the conveyor belt 12.
- the output portion 22 of the conveyor belt 12 is displaced horizontally from the vertical plane passing through the contact line between the compacting rollers 16.
- the portion 10a of the web 10 therefore extends obliquely rather than vertically.
- the relative positions of the conveyor 12 and of the calender 14 are preferably adjustable both vertically and horizontally, as indicated schematically by the arrows A and B of Figure 2a, in order to adapt the path of the portion of web 10a to the speed and the characteristics of the web.
- FIGS 3, 3a,and 3b show further variants of the apparatus according to the present invention; elements identical to those described above are indicated by the same reference numerals.
- a pair of motor-driven conveyor rollers 28 is disposed between the conveyor belt 12 and the compacting rollers 16 and collects the web of non-compacted fibres which is supplied downwardly from above by the conveyor belt 12.
- the conveyor rollers 28 have the purpose of supplying the web of non-compacted fibres 10 to the compacting rollers 16.
- the axes of rotation of the conveyor rollers 28 are preferably contained in a plane parallel to the plane containing the axes of rotation 18 of the compacting rollers 16.
- the conveyor rollers 28 may be cold and, in this case, also act as a heat shield above the heated compacting rollers 16, preventing excessive softening of the portion 10a of the web 10.
- the conveyor rollers 28 may be heated in order to carry out preliminary compaction of the web.
- the vertical plane tangential to the conveyor cylinders 28 substantially coincides with the vertical plane tangential to the compacting rollers 16.
- the vertical plane tangential to the compacting rollers 28 may be spaced horizontally from the vertical plane tangential to the compacting rollers 16.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
In a method and apparatus for producing
mechanically compacted non-woven fabric, a web of
non-compacted fibres (10) is supplied by means of
a conveyor belt (12) to a calender (14) having a
pair of heated compacting rollers (16). The web
(10) is supplied to the compacting rollers (16)
downwardly from above.
Description
The present invention relates to a method and to
apparatus for producing mechanically compacted
non-woven fabric. More precisely, the invention
relates to systems for producing non-woven fabric
in which a web of non-compacted fibres is
subjected to a thermal compaction step by being
passed through a calender having at least one pair
of contrarotating, heated compacting rollers.
The method of producing non-woven fabric by
thermal compaction provides, in a first step, for
the formation of a web of non-compacted fibres,
for example, by means of carding machines. This
web may be formed from short or medium fibres or
from continuous thread. The web of
non-compacted fibres has very poor or even
non-existent dimensional stability and has to be
supported during its supply to the compacting
rollers. These rollers are heated to a
temperature close or equal to the softening
point of the fibres being processed.
The compacting rollers are also pressed against
one another along a generatrix of contact by a
pressure which is variable according to the type
of fibres being processed. Heat sealing takes
place as a result of the passage through the
compacting rollers, binding the fibres together
and mechanically stabilizing the web.
Figure 1 of the appended drawings shows
schematically the stage in which the compacting of
the web of fibres takes place in conventional
apparatus. In this drawing, a pair of
contrarotating, heated compacting rollers is
indicated 2, the axes of rotation of the rollers
being contained in a vertical plane. A web 4 of
non-compacted fibres is supplied to the compacting
rollers 2 by means of a conveyor belt 6. The
output portion of the conveyor belt is placed as
close as possible to the point of contact of the
compacting rollers 2. Despite attempts to have
the minimum distance between the detachment point
8 and the insertion point 10, owing to the size
of the rollers 2, there is nevertheless a clear
space in which the portion 4a of the web is
neither supported nor accompanied during its
supply travel.
The main disadvantage of known apparatus of the
type described above consists of the fact that the
calendering step imposes quite strict limits on
production speed. The limitations on the maximum
calendering speed of the web are due essentially
to the lack of mechanical stability of the portion
of the web which extends from the point of
detachment from the conveyor belt to the point of
entry between the compacting rollers. The
problems of dimensional stability of the web are
aggravated by the heat which comes from the lower
compacting roller and which falls on the
unsupported portion of web.
Since the web of non-compacted fibres cannot
support itself, the portion of the web downstream
of the conveyor belt is supported by being
stretched, which is achieved by an increased speed
of rotation of the compacting rollers relative to
the speed of advance of the conveyor belt. This
speed difference increases proportionally with
increases in production speed. The speed
differences are considerable and give rise to
appreciable tensions in the web.
In view of these factors, to prevent alteration of
the morphological structure of the upper or lower
surface of the web, the production speed must be
limited.
Another problem of known apparatus is that any
damage to the web upstream of or in the clear
space causes the web to collapse. The broken web
could form a binding on one of the compacting
rollers which would result in considerable
economic damage.
The object of the present invention is to provide
a method and apparatus for producing non-woven
fabric which overcome the aforementioned problems.
According to the present invention, this object is
achieved by a method and apparatus having the
characteristics forming the subject of the claims.
The present invention proposes a different
arrangement of the conveyor belt and of the
calender which carries out the thermal compaction
of the web of fibres. According to the
invention, the compacting rollers of the calender
are arranged with their axes of rotation
contained in a plane which is arranged at an angle
to the vertical and the output portion of the
conveyor belt is situated above the compacting
rollers. The web of non-compacted fibres is thus
supplied to the compacting rollers by a downward
movement from above in an oblique or vertical
direction.
The web of non-compacted fibres is thus subjected
by gravity to a force in the direction of advance
rather than to a force perpendicular to the web.
This overcomes the problems connected with the
lack of support of the portion of web between the
output portion of the conveyor belt and the
compacting rollers and enables the production
speed to be increased in comparison with
conventional systems whilst the qualitative
characteristics of the final product are
maintained.
The compacting rollers are preferably arranged in
a manner such that their axes of rotation are
contained within a substantially horizontal plane.
According to a variant of the present invention, a
pair of conveyor rollers is disposed between the
output portion of the conveyor belt and the
compacting rollers.
Further characteristics and advantages of the
present invention will become clear in the course
of the following detailed description, given
purely by way of non-limiting example, with
reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 (already described above) is a diagram showing the compaction stage in known apparatus,
- Figure 2 is a diagram showing the compaction stage in apparatus according to the present invention,
- Figure 2a is a diagram showing a variant of the apparatus of Figure 2,
- Figure 3 shows a version of the apparatus according to the invention having conveyor rollers, and
- Figures 3a and 3b show two variants of the apparatus of Figure 3.
Figure 2 shows schematically the portion of
apparatus for producing non-woven fabric in which
the compaction of a web of non-woven fibres,
indicated 10, takes place. The web 10 is prepared
by known machinery, for example, carding machines,
which deposit the web of non-compacted fibres 10
on a conveyor belt 12.
Beneath the conveyor belt 12 there is a calender,
generally indicated 14, comprising a pair of
contrarotating compacting rollers 16. The outer
surfaces of the rollers 16 are heated to a
temperature close to the softening point of the
fibres. The axes of rotation 18 of the
compacting rollers 16 are contained in a plane
which is arranged at an angle to the vertical.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the plane
containing the axes of rotation 18 is parallel to
the floor surface 20 and is thus arranged at 90°
to the vertical. However, for the purposes of the
present invention, the plane containing the axes
18 could be arranged differently, provided that it
is arranged at an angle to a vertical plane. The
rollers 16 are urged against one another with a
contact pressure which is variable according to
the type of fibres being processed.
The output portion 22 of the conveyor belt 12 is
arranged above the compacting rollers 16. The web
10 of non-compacted fibres comes off the conveyor
belt 12 at the point indicated 24 and is supplied
between the rollers 16 vertically downwardly from
above. A compacted web of non-woven fabric,
indicated 26, emerges downstream of the rollers
16.
By virtue of this arrangement, the portion 10a of
the web of non-compacted fibres which extends from
the conveyor belt 12 to the compacting rollers 16
is subjected to a gravitational force which acts
in the direction of advance of the web. This
prevents the problems due to the lack of
dimensional stability of the web in the space
in which it is not supported by the conveyor belt
12.
In the variant shown in Figure 2a, the output
portion 22 of the conveyor belt 12 is displaced
horizontally from the vertical plane passing
through the contact line between the compacting
rollers 16. The portion 10a of the web 10
therefore extends obliquely rather than
vertically.
Tests carried out by the Applicants have shown
that the arrangements shown in Figures 2 and 2a
enable faster production speeds to be achieved
than conventional systems, without subjecting the
web of non-compacted fibres to excessive
stretching. The increase in production speed is
not therefore detrimental to the qualitative
characteristics of the final product.
The relative positions of the conveyor 12 and of
the calender 14 are preferably adjustable both
vertically and horizontally, as indicated
schematically by the arrows A and B of Figure 2a,
in order to adapt the path of the portion of web
10a to the speed and the characteristics of the
web.
Figures 3, 3a,and 3b show further variants of the
apparatus according to the present invention;
elements identical to those described above are
indicated by the same reference numerals.
In the version of Figures 3, 3a and 3b, a pair of
motor-driven conveyor rollers 28 is disposed
between the conveyor belt 12 and the compacting
rollers 16 and collects the web of non-compacted
fibres which is supplied downwardly from above by
the conveyor belt 12. The conveyor rollers 28
have the purpose of supplying the web of
non-compacted fibres 10 to the compacting rollers
16. The axes of rotation of the conveyor rollers
28 are preferably contained in a plane parallel to
the plane containing the axes of rotation 18 of
the compacting rollers 16.
The conveyor rollers 28 may be cold and, in this
case, also act as a heat shield above the heated
compacting rollers 16, preventing excessive
softening of the portion 10a of the web 10.
Alternatively, the conveyor rollers 28 may be
heated in order to carry out preliminary
compaction of the web.
In the versions shown in Figures 3 and 3a, the
vertical plane tangential to the conveyor
cylinders 28 substantially coincides with the
vertical plane tangential to the compacting
rollers 16. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3b,
the vertical plane tangential to the compacting
rollers 28 may be spaced horizontally from the
vertical plane tangential to the compacting
rollers 16.
Claims (13)
- A method of producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric in which a web (10) of non-compacted fibres is supplied by means of a conveyor belt (12) to a calender (14) having at least one pair of heated compacting rollers (16), characterized in that the web (10) is supplied to the compacting rollers (16) downwardly from above.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the space between an output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) and the compacting rollers (16), the web (10) follows an at least partially vertical path.
- A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the space between an output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) and the compacting rollers (16), the web (10) follows an at least partially oblique path.
- A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, before it is supplied to the compacting rollers (16), the web of non-compacted fibres (10) is passed between a pair of conveyor rollers (28) disposed above the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric, comprising a conveyor belt (12) for supplying a web of non-compacted fibres (10) to a calender (14) having at least one pair of contrarotating, heated compacting rollers (16), characterized in that the axes of rotation (18) of the compacting rollers (16) are contained in a plane which is arranged at an angle to the vertical, and in that an output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) is arranged farther from the ground than the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the plane containing the axes of rotation (18) of the compacting rollers (16) is substantially horizontal.
- Apparatus according to Claim 5 or Claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a pair of conveyor rollers (28) arranged between the output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) and the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the vertical plane tangential to the conveyor rollers (28) substantially coincides with the vertical plane tangential to the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the vertical plane tangential to the conveyor rollers (28) is spaced horizontally from the vertical plane tangential to the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) is disposed vertically above the region of contact between the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) is displaced horizontally from a vertical plane extending through the line of contact between the compacting rollers (16).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) is disposed vertically above the region of contact between the conveyor rollers (28).
- Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the output portion (22) of the conveyor belt (12) is spaced horizontally from a vertical plane extending through the line of contact between the conveyor rollers (28).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97830146A EP0867550A1 (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | A method and apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97830146A EP0867550A1 (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | A method and apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0867550A1 true EP0867550A1 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
Family
ID=8230602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97830146A Withdrawn EP0867550A1 (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | A method and apparatus for producing mechanically compacted non-woven fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0867550A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006048437A3 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-09-21 | Concert Gmbh | Roll arrangement for producing fleece |
| CN100545335C (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-09-30 | 康瑟特有限公司 | Roll arrangements for the production of webs |
| DE102010000602A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-08 | Andritz Küsters Gmbh | Thermobonding calender |
| EP3246446A4 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2018-08-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing device and sheet manufacturing method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4091161A (en) * | 1975-03-11 | 1978-05-23 | Cefilac | Non-woven webs and method for the dry production thereof |
| US4096016A (en) * | 1969-01-25 | 1978-06-20 | Gerhard Pohl | Process for making and using high frequency weldable material |
| GB2241968A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-09-18 | Hunt And Moscrop Limited | Calender arrangement |
| US5298097A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-03-29 | Neuberger S.P.A. | Apparatus and method for thermally bonding a textile web |
-
1997
- 1997-03-26 EP EP97830146A patent/EP0867550A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4096016A (en) * | 1969-01-25 | 1978-06-20 | Gerhard Pohl | Process for making and using high frequency weldable material |
| US4091161A (en) * | 1975-03-11 | 1978-05-23 | Cefilac | Non-woven webs and method for the dry production thereof |
| GB2241968A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-09-18 | Hunt And Moscrop Limited | Calender arrangement |
| US5298097A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-03-29 | Neuberger S.P.A. | Apparatus and method for thermally bonding a textile web |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006048437A3 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-09-21 | Concert Gmbh | Roll arrangement for producing fleece |
| JP2008518864A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-06-05 | コンサート ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Roller assembly for manufacturing fleece |
| CN100545335C (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2009-09-30 | 康瑟特有限公司 | Roll arrangements for the production of webs |
| US7690093B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2010-04-06 | Concert Gmbh | Roller arrangement for producing fleece |
| DE102010000602A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-08 | Andritz Küsters Gmbh | Thermobonding calender |
| DE102010000602B4 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2016-07-07 | Andritz Küsters Gmbh | Thermobonding calender |
| EP3246446A4 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2018-08-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing device and sheet manufacturing method |
| US10704198B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 | 2020-07-07 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and sheet manufacturing method |
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