EP0967363A2 - Honeycomb seal especially for a gas turbine - Google Patents

Honeycomb seal especially for a gas turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0967363A2
EP0967363A2 EP99110083A EP99110083A EP0967363A2 EP 0967363 A2 EP0967363 A2 EP 0967363A2 EP 99110083 A EP99110083 A EP 99110083A EP 99110083 A EP99110083 A EP 99110083A EP 0967363 A2 EP0967363 A2 EP 0967363A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
honeycomb structure
section
honeycomb
turbine
seal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99110083A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0967363A3 (en
EP0967363B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Schreiber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
BMW Rolls Royce GmbH
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Publication of EP0967363A3 publication Critical patent/EP0967363A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/127—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/913—Seal for fluid pressure below atmospheric, e.g. vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49297—Seal or packing making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a honeycomb structure seal between a rotating element and a stator element of a turbine, in particular for a gas turbine, with a brushing section facing the tips of the turbine blades and with a base plate facing the other element of the turbine.
  • the abrading section faces the tips of the turbine stator blades.
  • honeycomb structure seals for the rotor blades, for example of gas turbines, which are arranged on the inner wall of the turbine housing, are also used, among other things, as honeycomb structure seals
  • the honeycomb structure is supported by a base plate, while the web walls forming the honeycomb structure, with their free end sections, face the tips of the rotor blades.
  • the honeycomb cells delimited by the web walls can be at least partially filled with a suitable insulation material , as described in the above-mentioned document.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a remedial measure for the problems described.
  • the solution to this problem is characterized by a multi-layer structure of the honeycomb structure seal in such a way that an air-evacuated honeycomb structure section, which is thus partially insulated by vacuum, connects to the base plate and is covered by an intermediate plate on its side facing away from the honeycomb structure section the brushing section is arranged.
  • Advantageous training and further education are included in the subclaims. It should be pointed out again that the so-called honeycomb structure section is to be understood as an arrangement of several cavities of essentially any shape next to one another.
  • Reference number 1 denotes a base plate, on the surface thereof a honeycomb structure which is customary in honeycomb seals is. This honeycomb structure adjacent to the base plate 1 is referred to below as Honeycomb structure section 2 of the honeycomb structure seal according to the invention designated.
  • An intermediate plate 3 adjoins the honeycomb structure section 2 on the side opposite the base plate 1, ie the honeycomb structure section 2 is covered by the intermediate plate 3.
  • the attached figure is an exploded view, ie in reality the honeycomb structure section 2 is embedded directly between the base plate 1 on the one hand and the intermediate plate 3 on the other hand.
  • a so-called rubbing section 4 is arranged on the intermediate plate 3. This brushing section 4 again lies directly on the intermediate plate 3.
  • honeycomb structure seal shown and described so far draws is thus characterized by a multi-layer structure consisting of the base plate 1, the honeycomb structure section 2, the intermediate plate 3 and the brushing section 4.
  • the base plate 1 In the installed state of this honeycomb structure seal in one Turbine, in particular an aircraft gas turbine, is the base plate 1 with its free (here lower) surface on the inner wall of the not shown Turbine housing, while the (upper in the figure) free surface of the brushing section 4 (also not shown) Blade tips facing the turbine rotor blades.
  • the abradable section 4 is designed with regard to the required sealing effect, ie, the sealing of the gap between the blade tips, not shown, and the honeycomb structure seal.
  • This abrading section 4, on which the blade tips can or should actually rub to achieve an optimal sealing effect can thus be a brush seal, a plasma spray layer, a metal felt or one known to the person skilled in the art Metco "layer, or else other suitable sealing structures.
  • this rub-on section 4 itself is again in the form of a (conventional) honeycomb seal, ie it consists, as usual, of a multiplicity of, for example, or preferably honeycomb-like web walls 5, each of which form so-called honeycomb cells 6.
  • the sealing function of the honeycomb structure seal according to the invention is taken from section 2 of the honeycomb structure.
  • the latter is air evacuated, i.e. in the partial areas of the individual honeycomb cells 6 of the honeycomb structure section 2 there is thermal insulation due to vacuum. This means that the vacuum that is at least essentially present in the honeycomb cells 6 is preserved, it is of course necessary that the honeycomb cells 6 (in the figure display up and down) completed are what through the base plate 1 on the one hand and through the intermediate plate 3 on the other hand is guaranteed.
  • honeycomb structure section 2 and the base plate 1 and the intermediate plate 3 formed section the honeycomb structure seal by high temperature soldering under vacuum conditions.
  • the intermediate plate 3 is soldered.
  • the brushing section 4 is connected to the intermediate plate 3 become.
  • honeycomb structure seal proposed here thus consists of two, by an intermediate plate 3 separated honeycomb structures, namely the honeycomb structure section 2 and the brushing section 4.
  • honeycomb structures can be commercially available and preferably consist of thin, metallic high-temperature alloys.
  • the (here lower) honeycomb structure section 3 takes over the function of thermal insulation; consequently, he can constructively Varying the structure size and height of the required insulation characteristics be adjusted. Because the desired thermal Isolation effect by the prevailing in the honeycomb cells 6 (at least essentially) vacuum is achieved, these honeycomb cells 6 should be preferred have the largest possible base or cross-sectional area.
  • the upper sealing honeycomb structure i.e. of the Brushing section 4 in its / its execution to the requirements of Sealing effect with respect to the turbine working gas flowing past it customized.
  • the achievable sealing effect is better, the smaller the basic or Cross-sectional areas of the honeycomb cells 6 of this honeycomb structure are. Accordingly, it can be seen that the honeycomb cells 6 of the Honeycomb formed trained streak section 4 a significantly smaller Have partial area as the honeycomb cells 6 of the honeycomb structure section 2nd
  • Honeycomb structure section 2 alternatively as an insulating substructure for one other than the brushing section 4 shown, i.e.
  • other sealing systems can also be used, such as for example a brush seal, METCO layers, plasma spray layers, Metal felts or the like, each based on the vacuum insulation structure described can be applied.
  • a brush seal METCO layers
  • plasma spray layers Metal felts or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The seal has a multilayered structure, so that to the baseplate connects an air-evacuated and in part surfaces vacuum-insulating honeycomb structure section, which is covered by an intermediate plate, on the side of which turned away from the honeycomb structure the lightly touching section is arranged.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wabenstruktur-Dichtung zwischen einem rotierenden Element und einem Stator-Element einer Turbine, insbesondere für eine Gasturbine, mit einem den Spitzen der Turbinen-Schaufeln zugewandten Anstreif-Abschnitt sowie mit einer dem anderen Element der Turbine zugewandten Grundplatte. Insbesondere kann es sich bei den besagten Turbinen-Schaufeln um die Rotorschaufeln handeln, so daß die Grundplatte der Gehäusewand (=Stator-Element) der Turbine zugewandt ist, alternativ kann jedoch die Grundplatte auch der rotierenden Turbinen-Welle zugewandt sein, so daß der besagte Anstreif-Abschnitt den Spitzen der Turbinen-Statorschaufeln zugewandt ist. Zum technischen Umfeld wird beispielshalber auf die DE 32 35 745 A1 verwiesen. Ferner sei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, daß der Begriff der

Figure 00010001
Wabenstruktur" allgemein zu verstehen ist, d.h. es muß sich hierbei nicht unbedingt um die dem Fachmann geläufige Bienenwabenstruktur handeln. Vielmehr ist hierunter eine beliebige Anordnung von einander benachbarten Hohlräumen beliebiger Geometrie zu verstehen. The invention relates to a honeycomb structure seal between a rotating element and a stator element of a turbine, in particular for a gas turbine, with a brushing section facing the tips of the turbine blades and with a base plate facing the other element of the turbine. In particular, said turbine blades can be the rotor blades, so that the base plate faces the housing wall (= stator element) of the turbine, but alternatively the base plate can also face the rotating turbine shaft, so that the said one The abrading section faces the tips of the turbine stator blades. With regard to the technical environment, reference is made, for example, to DE 32 35 745 A1. It should also be expressly pointed out that the concept of
Figure 00010001
Honeycomb structure "is to be understood in general terms, ie it does not necessarily have to be the honeycomb structure familiar to the person skilled in the art. Rather, this means any arrangement of adjacent cavities of any geometry.

Anstreifdichtungen für die Rotorschaufeln bspw. von Gasturbinen, die an der Innenwand des Turbinengehäuses angeordnet sind, werden unter anderem als Wabenstruktur-Dichtungen, auch Honeycomb-Dichtung" genannt, ausgebildet. Die Wabenstruktur wird dabei von einer Grundplatte getragen, während die die Wabenstruktur bildenden Stegwände mit ihren freien Endabschnitten den Spitzen der Rotorschaufeln zugewandt sind. Die von den Stegwänden begrenzten Wabenzellen können dabei zumindest teilweise mit einem geeigneten Isolationsmaterial befüllt sein, so wie dies in der o.g. Schrift beschrieben ist.Contact seals for the rotor blades, for example of gas turbines, which are arranged on the inner wall of the turbine housing, are also used, among other things, as honeycomb structure seals The honeycomb structure is supported by a base plate, while the web walls forming the honeycomb structure, with their free end sections, face the tips of the rotor blades. The honeycomb cells delimited by the web walls can be at least partially filled with a suitable insulation material , as described in the above-mentioned document.

Anstreifdichtungen von Gasturbinen müssen zwei Hauptaufgaben erfüllen, nämlich das Arbeitsgas möglichst wirkungsvoll von einer Umströmung der Rotorschaufelspitzen abzuhalten und darüberhinaus das Turbinengehäuse zumindest abschnittsweise gegenüber dem heißen Arbeitsgas zu isolieren. Diese Wärmeisolationswirkung soll dabei derart sein, daß die thermische Gehäusedehnung simultan zur thermischen und der überlagerten, fliehkraftinduzierten Dehnung der Rotor-Scheibe und der Rotorschaufeln verläuft, um das Spaltmaß zwischen den Schaufelspitzen und dem Turbinengehäuse auch während instationärer Betriebszustände (bspw. während der Aufheizphase) der Turbine zu minimieren. Eine Spaltmaßminimierung über dem gesamten Arbeitszyklus einer Gasturbine, insbesondere Flug-Gasturbine ist notwendig, da jede Vergrößerung des Spaltmaßes eine Schub- und Wirkungsgradverminderung bedeutet.Contact seals of gas turbines have two main tasks, namely the working gas as effectively as possible by a flow around the To keep rotor blade tips and also the turbine housing to isolate at least in sections from the hot working gas. This heat insulation effect should be such that the thermal Housing expansion simultaneous to the thermal and the superimposed, centrifugal force-induced expansion of the rotor disc and the rotor blades runs to the gap between the blade tips and the Turbine housing even during transient operating states (e.g. during the heating phase) of the turbine. A Gap minimization over the entire working cycle of a gas turbine, Flight gas turbine in particular is necessary because any enlargement of the Gap means a reduction in thrust and efficiency.

Diese soeben beschriebenen Anforderungen werden mit den bestehenden Lösungen von Wabenstruktur-Dichtungen zumindest teilweise nur unzureichend erfüllt. Entweder sind gut dichtende, feinstrukturierte Honeycomb-Strukturen nicht hinreichend gut mit isolierendem Material zu füllen, oder es weisen die gröberen, gut füllbaren Honeycomb-Strukturen keine befriedigenden Dichteigenschaften auf. Die thermische Isolation des Turbinengehäuses ist als Folge hiervon nicht ausreichend groß, darüberhinaus weisen Metall-Keramik Verbindungen (wenn die Honeycomb- oder Waben-Struktur wie üblich metallisch und das in die Waben eingebrachte isolierende Material keramisch ist) insbesondere bei thermozyklischer Belastung eine eingeschränkte Lebensdauer auf. Weiterhin können die keramischen Füllstoffe Beschädigungen an den dem Fachmann bekannten Einlaufstegen hervorrufen.These requirements just described are in line with the existing ones Solutions of honeycomb structure seals are at least partially inadequate Fulfills. Either there are well-sealing, finely structured honeycomb structures not filling it well enough with insulating material, or it the coarser, easily fillable honeycomb structures are not satisfactory Sealing properties. The thermal insulation of the turbine housing is not sufficiently large as a result of this, furthermore metal ceramics exhibit Connections (if the honeycomb or honeycomb structure as usual metallic and the insulating material in the honeycomb ceramic is) restricted, especially with thermocyclic loading Lifespan. Furthermore, the ceramic fillers Cause damage to the inlets known to those skilled in the art.

Eine Abhilfemaßnahme für diese geschilderte Problematik aufzuzeigen, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gekennzeichnet durch einen mehrlagigen Aufbau der Wabenstruktur-Dichtung derart, daß sich an die Grundplatte ein luftevakuierter und somit in Teilflächen durch Vakuum isolierender Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt anschließt, der durch eine Zwischenplatte abgedeckt ist, auf deren dem Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt abgewandten Seite der Anstreif-Abschnitt angeordnet ist. Vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen sind Inhalt der Unteransprüche. Dabei sei nochmals darauf hingewiesen, daß der sog. Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt als eine Anordnung von mehreren Hohlräumen von im wesentlichen beliebiger Form nebeneinander zu verstehen ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a remedial measure for the problems described.
The solution to this problem is characterized by a multi-layer structure of the honeycomb structure seal in such a way that an air-evacuated honeycomb structure section, which is thus partially insulated by vacuum, connects to the base plate and is covered by an intermediate plate on its side facing away from the honeycomb structure section the brushing section is arranged. Advantageous training and further education are included in the subclaims. It should be pointed out again that the so-called honeycomb structure section is to be understood as an arrangement of several cavities of essentially any shape next to one another.

Näher erläutert wird die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles, wobei in der beigefügten einzigen Figur eine erfindungsgemäße Wabenstruktur-Dichtung in perspektivischer Explosionsdarstellung gezeigt ist.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment, wherein in the attached single figure an inventive Honeycomb structure seal shown in perspective exploded view is.

Mit der Bezugsziffer 1 ist eine Grundplatte bezeichnet, auf deren Oberfläche eine bei Honeycomb-Dichtungen an sich übliche Wabenstruktur angeordnet ist. Diese der Grundplatte 1 benachbarte Wabenstruktur wird im weiteren als Wabenstruktur-Abschnift 2 der erfindungsgemäßen Wabenstruktur-Dichtung bezeichnet. Reference number 1 denotes a base plate, on the surface thereof a honeycomb structure which is customary in honeycomb seals is. This honeycomb structure adjacent to the base plate 1 is referred to below as Honeycomb structure section 2 of the honeycomb structure seal according to the invention designated.

Auf der der Grundplatte 1 gegenüberliegenden Seite schließt sich an den Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 eine Zwischenplatte 3 an, d.h. der Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 ist von der Zwischenplatte 3 abgedeckt. In diesem Zusammenhang sei nochmals darauf hingewiesen, daß es sich bei der beigefügten Figur um eine Explosionsdarstellung handelt, d.h. in der Realität ist der Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 direkt zwischen der Grundplatte 1 einerseits und der Zwischenplatte 3 andererseits eingebettet.
Auf der Zwischenplatte 3 ihrerseits, und zwar auf deren dem Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 abgewandten Seite ist ein sogenannter Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 angeordnet. Auch dieser Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 liegt wieder direkt auf der Zwischenplatte 3 auf.An intermediate plate 3 adjoins the honeycomb structure section 2 on the side opposite the base plate 1, ie the honeycomb structure section 2 is covered by the intermediate plate 3. In this connection it should be pointed out again that the attached figure is an exploded view, ie in reality the honeycomb structure section 2 is embedded directly between the base plate 1 on the one hand and the intermediate plate 3 on the other hand.
On the intermediate plate 3, in turn, on its side facing away from the honeycomb structure section 2, a so-called rubbing section 4 is arranged. This brushing section 4 again lies directly on the intermediate plate 3.

Die gezeigte und insoweit beschriebene Wabenstruktur-Dichtung zeichnet sich somit durch einen mehrlagigen Aufbau aus, bestehend aus der Grundplatte 1, dem Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2, der Zwischenplatte 3 und dem Anstreif-Abschnitt 4. Im Einbauzustand dieser Wabenstruktur-Dichtung in einer Turbine, insbesondere einer Flug-Gasturbine, liegt dabei die Grundplatte 1 mit ihrer freien (hier unteren) Oberfläche an der Innenwand des nicht gezeigten Turbinen-Gehäuses an, während die (in der Figurendarstellung obere) freie Oberfläche des Anstreif-Abschnittes 4 den (ebenfalls nicht gezeigten) Schaufelspitzen der Turbinen-Rotorschaufeln zugewandt ist.The honeycomb structure seal shown and described so far draws is thus characterized by a multi-layer structure consisting of the base plate 1, the honeycomb structure section 2, the intermediate plate 3 and the brushing section 4. In the installed state of this honeycomb structure seal in one Turbine, in particular an aircraft gas turbine, is the base plate 1 with its free (here lower) surface on the inner wall of the not shown Turbine housing, while the (upper in the figure) free surface of the brushing section 4 (also not shown) Blade tips facing the turbine rotor blades.

Demzufolge ist der Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 im Hinblick auf die erforderliche Dichtwirkung, d.h. auf die Abdichtung des Spaltes zwischen den nicht gezeigten Schaufelspitzen und der Wabenstruktur-Dichtung hin ausgebildet. Bei diesem Anstreif-Abschnitt 4, an welchem die Schaufelspitzen zur Erzielung einer optimalen Dichtwirkung tatsächlich anstreifen können bzw. sollen, kann es sich somit um eine Bürstendichtung , um eine Plasmaspritzschicht, um ein Metallfilz oder um eine dem Fachmann bekannte Metco"-Schicht, oder auch um andere geeignete Dichtstrukturen handeln. Beim hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist dieser Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 selbst wieder in Form einer (an sich üblichen) Wabendichtung ausgebildet, d.h. er besteht wie üblich aus einer Vielzahl von hier bspw. bzw. bevorzugt bienenwaben-förmig angeordneten Stegwänden 5, die jeweils sogenannte Wabenzellen 6 bilden. In die Wabenzellen 6 dieses als Wabendichtung ausgebildeten Anstreif-Abschnittes 4 ist dabei kein thermisches Dichtmaterial eingebracht, da die Funktion dieses Anstreif-Abschnittes 4 wie bereits erwähnt lediglich darin liegt, den Spalt zwischen den Schaufelspitzen des Turbinen-Rotors und der gesamten Wabenstruktur-Dichtung gegen eine Durchströmung mit Arbeitsgas so gut als möglich abzudichten.Accordingly, the abradable section 4 is designed with regard to the required sealing effect, ie, the sealing of the gap between the blade tips, not shown, and the honeycomb structure seal. This abrading section 4, on which the blade tips can or should actually rub to achieve an optimal sealing effect, can thus be a brush seal, a plasma spray layer, a metal felt or one known to the person skilled in the art Metco "layer, or else other suitable sealing structures. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, this rub-on section 4 itself is again in the form of a (conventional) honeycomb seal, ie it consists, as usual, of a multiplicity of, for example, or preferably honeycomb-like web walls 5, each of which form so-called honeycomb cells 6. No thermal sealing material is introduced into the honeycomb cells 6 of this rub-on section 4, which is designed as a honeycomb seal, since, as already mentioned, the function of this rub-on section 4 is merely that Seal the gap between the blade tips of the turbine rotor and the entire honeycomb structure seal against the flow of working gas as well as possible.

Die - wie eingangs erläutert - daneben noch benötigte zweite thermische Dichtfunktion der erfindungsgemäßen Wabenstrukturdichtung wird hingegen vom Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 übernommen. Letzterer ist hierzu luftevakuiert, d.h. in den Teilflächen der einzelnen Wabenzellen 6 des Wabenstruktur-Abschnittes 2 liegt eine durch Vakuum bedingte thermische Isolation vor. Damit das in den Wabenzellen 6 zumindest im wesentlichen vorliegende Vakuum erhalten bleibt, ist es selbstverständlich erforderlich, daß die Wabenzellen 6 (in der Figurendarstellung nach oben und nach unten hin) abgeschlossen sind, was durch die Grundplatte 1 einerseits und durch die Zwischenplatte 3 andererseits gewährleistet ist.The second thermal - as explained at the beginning - is also required However, the sealing function of the honeycomb structure seal according to the invention is taken from section 2 of the honeycomb structure. The latter is air evacuated, i.e. in the partial areas of the individual honeycomb cells 6 of the honeycomb structure section 2 there is thermal insulation due to vacuum. This means that the vacuum that is at least essentially present in the honeycomb cells 6 is preserved, it is of course necessary that the honeycomb cells 6 (in the figure display up and down) completed are what through the base plate 1 on the one hand and through the intermediate plate 3 on the other hand is guaranteed.

Hergestellt werden kann dabei zumindest der durch den Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 sowie die Grundplatte 1 und die Zwischenplatte 3 gebildete Abschnitt der Wabenstruktur-Dichtung durch Hochtemperaturlöten unter Vakuumbedingungen. Dies bedeutet, daß auf den bereits mit der Grundplatte 1 geeignet verbundenen Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 im Vakuum (soweit technisch erreichbar; ein absolutes Vakuum ist selbstverständlich nicht möglich) die Zwischenplatte 3 aufgelötet wird. Im gleichen Fertigungsprozess kann dabei gleichzeitig auch der Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 mit der Zwischenplatte 3 verbunden werden.At least that can be produced by the honeycomb structure section 2 and the base plate 1 and the intermediate plate 3 formed section the honeycomb structure seal by high temperature soldering under vacuum conditions. This means that on the base plate 1 suitably connected honeycomb structure section 2 in vacuum (if technical reachable; an absolute vacuum is of course not possible) the intermediate plate 3 is soldered. Can in the same manufacturing process at the same time the brushing section 4 is connected to the intermediate plate 3 become.

Die hier vorgeschlagene Wabenstruktur-Dichtung besteht somit aus zwei, durch eine Zwischenplatte 3 voneinander getrennten Honeycomb-Strukturen, nämlich dem Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 und dem Anstreif-Abschnitt 4. Diese beiden Honeycomb-Strukturen können handelsüblich sein und bestehen bevorzugt aus dünnen, metallischen Hochtemperaturlegierungen. Der (hier untere) Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 3 übernimmt dabei die Funktion der Wärmedämmung; demzufoge kann er konstruktiv durch Variation der Struktur-Größe und -Höhe der erforderlichen Isoliercharakteristik angepasst werden. Da die gewünschte thermische Isolationswirkung durch das in den Wabenzellen 6 herrschende (zumindest im wesentlichen) Vakuum erzielt wird, sollten diese Wabenzellen 6 bevorzugt eine möglichst große Grund- bzw. Querschnittsfläche aufweisen.The honeycomb structure seal proposed here thus consists of two, by an intermediate plate 3 separated honeycomb structures, namely the honeycomb structure section 2 and the brushing section 4. These two honeycomb structures can be commercially available and preferably consist of thin, metallic high-temperature alloys. The (here lower) honeycomb structure section 3 takes over the function of thermal insulation; consequently, he can constructively Varying the structure size and height of the required insulation characteristics be adjusted. Because the desired thermal Isolation effect by the prevailing in the honeycomb cells 6 (at least essentially) vacuum is achieved, these honeycomb cells 6 should be preferred have the largest possible base or cross-sectional area.

Demgegenüber ist die hier obere dichtende Honeycomb-Struktur, d.h. der Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 in ihrer/seiner Ausführung an die Erfordernisse der Dichtwirkung bezüglich des daran vorbeistreichenden Turbinen-Arbeitsgases angepasst. Bei einer Ausbildung als Waben- oder Honeycomb-Struktur ist die erzielbare Dichtwirkung wie bekannt umso besser, je kleiner die Grund- bzw. Querschnittsflächen der Wabenzellen 6 dieser Wabenstruktur sind. Demzufolge ist wie ersichtlich vorgesehen, daß die Wabenzellen 6 des als Wabendichtung ausgebildeten Anstreif-Abschnittes 4 eine signifikant kleinere Teilfläche aufweisen als die Wabenzellen 6 des Wabenstruktur-Abschnittes 2.In contrast, the upper sealing honeycomb structure, i.e. of the Brushing section 4 in its / its execution to the requirements of Sealing effect with respect to the turbine working gas flowing past it customized. When training as a honeycomb or honeycomb structure As is known, the achievable sealing effect is better, the smaller the basic or Cross-sectional areas of the honeycomb cells 6 of this honeycomb structure are. Accordingly, it can be seen that the honeycomb cells 6 of the Honeycomb formed trained streak section 4 a significantly smaller Have partial area as the honeycomb cells 6 of the honeycomb structure section 2nd

Insgesamt ist an einer erfindungsgemäßen Wabenstruktur-Dichtung durch Variation des (hier unteren) luftevakuierten Wabenstruktur-Abschnittes 2 hinsichtlich Strukturgröße, Strukturhöhe und Stegstärke in weiten Grenzen eine gewünschte Wärmedämmung (und auch Wärmeleitung) erzielbar. Durch die kleineren und daher eine passierende Arbeitsgas-Strömung besser behindernde und hierdurch besser abdichtende (hier obere) Wabenstruktur als Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 wird die Umströmung der diesem Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 zugewandten (nicht gezeigten) Schaufelspitzen vermindert. Da die Wärmedämmung vom hier unten liegenden Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 übernommen wird, ist eine Füllung der (hier oberen) Wabenzellen 6 des Anstreif-Abschnittes 4 nicht erforderlich, ggf. jedoch möglich. Abschließend sei nochmals darauf hingewiesen, daß der vakuumisolierteOverall, is on a honeycomb structure seal according to the invention Variation of the (here lower) air-evacuated honeycomb structure section 2 in terms of structure size, structure height and web thickness within wide limits a desired thermal insulation (and also heat conduction) can be achieved. Due to the smaller and therefore a passing working gas flow better hindering and thereby better sealing (here upper) The honeycomb structure as the abradable section 4 is the flow around it Scraper section 4 facing blade tips (not shown) reduced. Because the thermal insulation from the honeycomb section below 2 is taken over, is a filling of (here upper) Honeycomb cells 6 of the abrading section 4 are not required, however, if necessary possible. Finally, it should be pointed out again that the vacuum-insulated

Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt 2 alternativ auch als isolierender Unterbau für einen anderen als den gezeigten Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 nutzbar ist, d.h. für diesen Anstreif-Abschnitt 4 sind auch andere Dichtungssysteme einsetzbar, wie bspw. eine Bürstendichtung, METCO-Schichten, Plasmaspritzschichten, Metallfilze oder ähnliches, die jeweils auf die beschriebene Vakuumisolierstruktur appliziert werden können. Selbstverständlich können dabei eine Vielzahl weiterer Details insbesondere konstruktiver Art durchaus abweichend vom gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel gestaltet sein, ohne den Inhalt der Patentansprüche zu verlassen.Honeycomb structure section 2 alternatively as an insulating substructure for one other than the brushing section 4 shown, i.e. For this Abrading section 4, other sealing systems can also be used, such as for example a brush seal, METCO layers, plasma spray layers, Metal felts or the like, each based on the vacuum insulation structure described can be applied. Of course, one can Many other details, particularly of a constructive nature, are quite different be designed from the embodiment shown, without the content leave the claims.

Bezugszeichenliste: Reference symbol list :

11
GrundplatteBase plate
22nd
Wabenstruktur-AbschnittHoneycomb section
33rd
ZwischenplatteIntermediate plate
44th
Anstreif-AbschnittRubbing section
55
Stegwand einer WabenstrukturWeb wall of a honeycomb structure
66
Wabenzelle einer WabenstrukturHoneycomb cell of a honeycomb structure

Claims (4)

Wabenstruktur-Dichtung zwischen einem rotierenden Element und einem Stator-Element einer Turbine, insbesondere für eine Gasturbine, mit einem den Spitzen der Turbinen-Schaufeln zugewandten Anstreif-Abschnitt (4) sowie mit einer dem anderen Element der Turbine zugewandten Grundplatte (1),
gekennzeichnet durch einen mehrlagigen Aufbau derart, daß sich an die Grundplatte (1) ein luftevakuierter und somit in Teilflächen durch Vakuum isolierender Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt (2) anschließt, der durch eine Zwischenplatte (3) abgedeckt ist, auf deren der Wabenstruktur (2) abgewandten Seite der Anstreif-Abschnitt (4) angeordnet ist.Honeycomb structure seal between a rotating element and a stator element of a turbine, in particular for a gas turbine, with a brushing section (4) facing the tips of the turbine blades and with a base plate (1) facing the other element of the turbine,
characterized by a multi-layer structure in such a way that an air-evacuated honeycomb structure section (2) adjoins the base plate (1) and is partially covered by vacuum, which is covered by an intermediate plate (3) on the honeycomb structure (2) facing away from it Side of the brushing section (4) is arranged. Wabenstruktur-Dichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenplatte (3) mit dem Wabenstruktur-Abschnitt (2) verlötet ist, wobei dieser Herstellungsprozess unter Vakuumbedingungen erfolgt. Honeycomb structure seal according to claim 1,
characterized in that the intermediate plate (3) is soldered to the honeycomb structure section (2), this manufacturing process taking place under vacuum conditions. Wabenstruktur-Dichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anstreifabschnitt (4) ebenfalls als Wabendichtung ausgebildet ist.Honeycomb structure seal according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the abrading section (4) is also designed as a honeycomb seal. Wabenstruktur-Dichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wabenzellen (6) des als Wabendichtung ausgebildeten Anstreif-Abschnittes (4) eine signifikant kleinere Teilfläche aufweisen als die Wabenzellen (6) des Wabenstruktur-Abschnittes (2).Honeycomb structure seal according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the honeycomb cells (6) of the scraping section (4) designed as a honeycomb seal have a significantly smaller partial area than the honeycomb cells (6) of the honeycomb structure section (2).
EP99110083A 1998-06-24 1999-05-22 Honeycomb seal especially for a gas turbine Expired - Lifetime EP0967363B1 (en)

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DE19828065 1998-06-24
DE19828065A DE19828065A1 (en) 1998-06-24 1998-06-24 Honeycomb structure seal especially for a gas turbine

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DE59905282D1 (en) 2003-06-05
DE19828065A1 (en) 1999-12-30
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US6251494B1 (en) 2001-06-26
EP0967363B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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