EP1085974A4 - Window for motor vehicle - Google Patents
Window for motor vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1085974A4 EP1085974A4 EP99923234A EP99923234A EP1085974A4 EP 1085974 A4 EP1085974 A4 EP 1085974A4 EP 99923234 A EP99923234 A EP 99923234A EP 99923234 A EP99923234 A EP 99923234A EP 1085974 A4 EP1085974 A4 EP 1085974A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- window
- reinforcement
- less
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006352 transparent thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/10—Silicon-containing compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to a window for a motor vehicle.
- this invention relates to a window for a motor vehicle.
- invention relates to an improved polycarbonate window for a motor vehicle.
- polycarbonate material which is much lighter than glass. While use of polycarbonate plastic material has been acceptable for certain applications, such as for commercial bus windows, its lack of durability has precluded polycarbonate
- Standard (FMVSS) 205 requires simply that vehicle windows to have at least
- window for a motor vehicle comprising transparent polycarbonate plastic material
- the reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window.
- At least 50% of the reinforcement particles have a thickness of less than 10 nanometers.
- the reinforcement particles are selected and configured such that the
- window has a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95% of the transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window in the absence
- the reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window. At least 50% of the reinforcement particles have a
- the reinforcement particles are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and are selected and
- the window has a transmittance of visible light which is at
- nanoparticles are smaller than the wavelength of visible light
- the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can be individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can
- the stiffness can be improved by a
- mar resistance can also be improved by a factor of between about 1.4-4.0 X.
- impact resistance can be improved or maintained while reducing the
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a window manufactured in accordance with
- invention comprises a composite material of a polycarbonate having disbursed therein reinforcement fillers in the form of very small mineral reinforcement
- the reinforcement filler particles also referred to as “nanoparticles" due to the magnitude of their dimensions, each comprise one or more generally flat
- the platelets have a thickness of between about 0.7 to about
- the preferred aspect ratio (which is the largest dimension divided by the
- thickness for each particle is about 50 to about 300.
- the platelet particles or nanoparticles are derivable from larger, layered
- Any layered mineral capable of being intercalated may be
- Layered silicate minerals are preferred.
- the layered silicate minerals that may be employed include natural and artificial minerals.
- Non-limiting examples of more preferred minerals include
- octosilicate magadiite, and kenyaite.
- Mixed Mg and Al hydroxides may also be used.
- montmorillonite is a group consisting of montmorillonite.
- the mineral particles may also be exfoliated by a shearing process in which the mineral particles are impregnated with water, then
- the composites of the present invention are prepared by combining the
- the components can be blended by general techniques known to those in the art. For example, the components can be blended and then melted in mixers or extruders.
- invention contemplates that at least 50 % of the particles should have a thickness
- the reinforcement particles are selected, sized, and configured such that the final
- composite window will have a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95%
- transmittance is less than 5% in comparison with an identical polycarbonate window prepared without such reinforcing particles.
- At least 70% of the particles have a
- the particles it is also preferable for at least 99% of the particles to have a thickness of less than about 30 nanometers.
- Particles having more that 30 layers act as stress concentrators and are preferably
- the preferred aspect ratio (which is the largest dimension divided by the thickness) for each particle is about 50 to about 300. At least 80%
- the particle reinforcements will not provide the desired reinforcement characteristics. More preferably, the aspect ratio for each particle is between 100-
- polycarbonate window should contain an amount of reinforcement particles, which constitutes less than 10% by volume of the total volume of the window. If greater than 10% by volume of reinforcement filler is used, the viscosity of the composition becomes too high and thus difficult to mold. More preferably, 3-7%
- the balance of the window comprises polycarbonate plastic and suitable additives used in conventional polycarbonate windows.
- reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window
- FIG. 1 A front window manufactured in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and designated by reference numeral 12.
- the window 12 is
- side windows 14 and 16 and a rear window 18 may also be made in accordance with the materials of the present invention.
- glazing materials such as acrylic resins used for architectural applications.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A window (12, 14, 16, 18) for a motor vehicle (10) comprising transparent polycarbonate plastic material and reinforcement particles dispersed within the polycarbonate plastic material. The reinforcement particles comprise less than 10 % of a total volume of the window. At least 50 % of the reinforcement particles have a thickness of less than 10 nanometers. The reinforcement particles are selected and configured such that the window has a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95 % of the transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window in the absence of the reinforcement particles.
Description
WINDOW FOR MOTOR VEHICLE Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a window for a motor vehicle. In particular, this
invention relates to an improved polycarbonate window for a motor vehicle.
Background of the Invention
Motor vehicle windows, by and large, have heretofore been made from
glass. It would be desirable to manufacture motor vehicle windows from a
polycarbonate material, which is much lighter than glass. While use of polycarbonate plastic material has been acceptable for certain applications, such as for commercial bus windows, its lack of durability has precluded polycarbonate
material from widespread use in passenger cars. In particular, conventional polycarbonate plastic material is subject to scuffing and marring during
manufacture and at point of use. In addition, the desired stiffness could only be
achieved with undesirably thick polycarbonate windows. Any attempt to reinforce
the polycarbonate material has resulted in commercially unacceptable hazing or reduction in the transparency of the window. While Federal Motor Vehicle Safety
Standard (FMVSS) 205 requires simply that vehicle windows to have at least
70% transmittance of visible light, the type of hazing that would result from
conventional reinforcements would be aesthetically unappealing.
Summary of the Invention
The disadvantages of the prior art may be overcome by providing a
window for a motor vehicle comprising transparent polycarbonate plastic material
and reinforcement particles dispersed within the polycarbonate material. The reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window.
At least 50% of the reinforcement particles have a thickness of less than 10
nanometers. The reinforcement particles are selected and configured such that the
window has a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95% of the transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window in the absence
of the reinforcement particles. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a window comprising a transparent thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting
of polycarbonate and acrylic, and reinforcement particles dispersed within the
thermoplastic material. The reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window. At least 50% of the reinforcement particles have a
thickness of less than 10 nanometers. The reinforcement particles are selected and
configured such that the window has a transmittance of visible light which is at
least 95% of the transmittance of visible that would exist through the window in
the absence of the reinforcement particles.
Because the nanoparticles are smaller than the wavelength of visible light,
they are individually invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the nanoparticles can
be impregnated into the polycarbonate or acrylic at loadings of preferably less than 10% by volume of the total volume of the window, and with particle sizes of
preferably less than 10 nanometers in average thickness, without any appreciable decrease in transparency. In addition, the stiffness and scratch resistance of the
window is greatly improved. Specifically, the stiffness can be improved by a
factor of 1.5-4.0 X in comparison with unreinforced parts. In addition, scuff or
mar resistance can also be improved by a factor of between about 1.4-4.0 X. In
addition, impact resistance can be improved or maintained while reducing the
window's thickness.
Brief Description of the Drawing
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a window manufactured in accordance with
the present invention, shown installed in a motor vehicle.
Detailed Description of the Present Invention The automobile window manufactured in accordance with the present
invention comprises a composite material of a polycarbonate having disbursed therein reinforcement fillers in the form of very small mineral reinforcement
particles. The reinforcement filler particles, also referred to as "nanoparticles" due to the magnitude of their dimensions, each comprise one or more generally flat
platelets. Generally, the platelets have a thickness of between about 0.7 to about
1.2 nanometers. The average platelet thickness is approximately 1 nanometer thick. The preferred aspect ratio (which is the largest dimension divided by the
thickness) for each particle is about 50 to about 300.
The platelet particles or nanoparticles are derivable from larger, layered
mineral particles. Any layered mineral capable of being intercalated may be
employed in the present invention. Layered silicate minerals are preferred. The layered silicate minerals that may be employed include natural and artificial minerals. Non-limiting examples of more preferred minerals include
montmorillonite, vermiculite, hectorite, saponite, hydrotalcites, kanemite, sodium
octosilicate, magadiite, and kenyaite. Mixed Mg and Al hydroxides may also be used. Among the most preferred minerals is montmorillonite.
To exfoliate the larger mineral particles into their constituent layers,
different methods may be employed. For example, swellable layered minerals,
such as montmorillonite and saponite are known to intercalate water to expand the
inter layer distance of the layered mineral, thereby facilitating exfoliation and
dispersion of the layers uniformly in water. Dispersion of layers in water is aided by mixing with high shear. The mineral particles may also be exfoliated by a shearing process in which the mineral particles are impregnated with water, then
frozen, and then dried. The freeze dried particles are then mixed into molten
polymeric material and subjected to a high sheer mixing operation so as to peel individual platelets from multi-platelet particles and thereby reduce the particle
sizes to the desired range.
The composites of the present invention are prepared by combining the
platelet minerals with the desired polycarbonate plastic in the desired ratios as
discussed below. The components can be blended by general techniques known to those in the art. For example, the components can be blended and then melted in mixers or extruders.
Additional specific preferred methods, for the purposes of the present
invention, for forming a polymer composite having dispersed therein exfoliated
layered particles are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,717,000, 5,747,560,
5,698,624, and WO 93/11190. Additional background is included in the following
references: U.S. Patent Nos. 4,739,007 and 5,652,284.
The exfoliation of layered mineral particles into constituent layers need not
be complete in order to achieve the objects of the present invention. The present
invention contemplates that at least 50 % of the particles should have a thickness
of less than 10 nanometers to achieve desired reinforcement and only a slight
decrease in visible light transmittance through the polycarbonate host. As the
percentage of particles having a thickness of less than 10 nanometers increases, so
does the visible light transmittance. In addition, a decrease in the average particle thickness will also increase visible light transmittance. In any event, the
reinforcement particles are selected, sized, and configured such that the final
composite window will have a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95%
of the transmittance of visible that would exist through the window in the absence of the reinforcement particles. Otherwise stated, the decrease in visible light
transmittance is less than 5% in comparison with an identical polycarbonate window prepared without such reinforcing particles.
In an even more preferred window, at least 70% of the particles have a
thickness of less than 5 nanometers to achieve even better reinforcement and an
even smaller decrease in visible light transmittance. It is also preferable for at least 99% of the particles to have a thickness of less than about 30 nanometers.
Particles having more that 30 layers act as stress concentrators and are preferably
avoided to the extent possible. It is most preferable to have as many particles as
possible to be as small as possible, ideally including only single platelets.
As noted above, the preferred aspect ratio (which is the largest dimension divided by the thickness) for each particle is about 50 to about 300. At least 80%
of the particles should be within this range. If too many particles have an aspect
ratio above 300, the material becomes too viscous for forming parts in an effective
and efficient manner. If too many particles have an aspect ratio of smaller than 50, the particle reinforcements will not provide the desired reinforcement characteristics. More preferably, the aspect ratio for each particle is between 100-
200. Most preferably at least 90% of the particles have an aspect ratio within the
100-200 range.
Generally, in accordance with the present invention, the composite
polycarbonate window should contain an amount of reinforcement particles, which constitutes less than 10% by volume of the total volume of the window. If
greater than 10% by volume of reinforcement filler is used, the viscosity of the composition becomes too high and thus difficult to mold. More preferably, 3-7%
by volume is used, as this would provide most of the desired benefits, and would achieve even better light transmittance (e.g., better than 98% of the transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window in the absence of
reinforcement particles). In any case, the balance of the window comprises polycarbonate plastic and suitable additives used in conventional polycarbonate windows.
Another advantage obtained in accordance with the present invention
relates to the fact that use of the reinforcement particles in an amount in which the
reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window,
and wherein at least 50% of the reinforcement particles have a thickness of less than 10 nanometers, will result in a decrease in the coefficient of linear thermal
expansion by a factor of 1.5-4. OX in comparison with conventional polycarbonate
windows. As a result, the window becomes more dimensionally stable under
different temperature conditions. This, in turn, provides the window with better
sealing characteristics, as the windows position relative to, for example, a rubber
based sealing member becomes more predictable.
The use of the nanoparticle reinforcing material also greatly improves the
surface toughness of the polycarbonate material so as to improved the durability
and scuff/mar resistance.
A front window manufactured in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and designated by reference numeral 12. The window 12 is
shown installed in a motor vehicle, designated by reference numeral 10. It should
be appreciated that side windows 14 and 16 and a rear window 18 may also be made in accordance with the materials of the present invention.
It should be noted that similar benefits may be achieved in other plastic
glazing materials, such as acrylic resins used for architectural applications.
Architectural glazings would enjoy the same benefits of reduced thickness required, reduced weight to be supported, and improved durability.
It should be appreciated that the foregoing description is illustrative in nature and that the present invention includes modifications, changes, and
equivalents thereof, without departure from the scope of the invention.
Claims
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A window for a motor vehicle comprising transparent
polycarbonate plastic material and reinforcement particles
dispersed within the polycarbonate plastic material, said reinforcement particles comprise less than about 10% of a total
volume of the window, at least 50% of the reinforcement particles having a thickness of less than about 10 nanometers, said reinforcement particles being selected and configured such that the
window has a transmittance of visible light which is at least 95% of
the transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window in the absence of the reinforcement particles.
2. A window according to claim 1, wherein at least 70% of the
particles have a thickness of less than about 5 nanometers.
3. A window according to claim 2, wherein at least 99% of the
particles have a thickness of less than about 30 nanometers.
4. A window according to claim 3, wherein at least 80% of the
particles have an aspect ratio of between about 50 to about 300.
5. A window according to claim 4, wherein at least 90% of the
particles have an aspect ratio of between about 100 to about 200.
6. A window according to claim 3, wherein said particles are of a
material selected from a group consisting of montmorillonite, vermiculite, hectorite, saponite, hydrotalcites, kanemite, sodium
octosilicate, magadiite, and kenyaite.
7. A window comprising a transparent thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate and acrylic, and
reinforcement particles dispersed within the thermoplastic material,
the reinforcement particles comprise less than 10% of a total volume of the window, at least 50% of the reinforcement particles
have a thickness of less than 10 nanometers, the reinforcement particles selected and configured such that the window has a
transmittance of visible light which is at least 95% of the
transmittance of visible light that would exist through the window
in the absence of the reinforcement particles.
8. A window according to claim 7, wherein at least 70% of the
particles have a thickness of less than about 5 nanometers.
9. A window according to claim 8, wherein at least 99% of the
particles have a thickness of less than about 30 nanometers.
10. A window according to claim 9, wherein at least 80% of the
particles have an aspect ratio of between about 50 to about 300.
11. A window according to claim 10, wherein at least 90% of the particles have an aspect ratio of between about 100 to about 200.
12. A window according to claim 9, wherein said particles are of a
material selected from a group consisting of montmorillonite, vermiculite, hectorite, saponite, hydrotalcites, kanemite, sodium
octosilicate, magadiite, and kenyaite.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8659898P | 1998-05-22 | 1998-05-22 | |
| US86598P | 1998-05-22 | ||
| PCT/US1999/011110 WO1999061237A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-05-20 | Window for motor vehicle |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1085974A1 EP1085974A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| EP1085974A4 true EP1085974A4 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
| EP1085974B1 EP1085974B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
Family
ID=22199630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99923234A Expired - Lifetime EP1085974B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 1999-05-20 | Window for motor vehicle |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1085974B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4005799A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2332870C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69922000T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999061237A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2365600A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-12 | Magna International Of America, Inc. | Method of making rotationally moulded parts having nano-particle reinforcement |
| WO2000037242A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-29 | Magna International Of America, Inc. | Structural foam composite having nano-particle reinforcement and method of making the same |
| AU2191100A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-07-12 | Magna International Of America, Inc. | Low pressure compression molded parts having nano-particle reinforced protrusions and method of making the same |
| US6977115B1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2005-12-20 | Magna International Of America, Inc. | Low pressure compression molded parts having nano-particle reinforced protrusions and method of making the same |
| US6668457B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2003-12-30 | L&L Products, Inc. | Heat-activated structural foam reinforced hydroform |
| US6482486B1 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2002-11-19 | L&L Products | Heat activated reinforcing sleeve |
| KR100446313B1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2004-08-30 | 장홍근 | Thermoplastic resin-laminated structure, preparing method and use thereof |
| US7169467B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2007-01-30 | Magna International Of America, Inc. | Structural foam composite having nano-particle reinforcement and method of making the same |
| US6729425B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2004-05-04 | L&L Products, Inc. | Adjustable reinforced structural assembly and method of use therefor |
| US7700670B2 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-04-20 | Beach Brian A | Low-density molding compound |
| FR2891546B1 (en) | 2005-10-04 | 2010-09-03 | Solvay | USE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE PARTICLES IN TRANSPARENT POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS, TRANSPARENT POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US8691915B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2014-04-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Copolymers and polymer blends having improved refractive indices |
| CN107418173A (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-12-01 | 赛史品威奥（唐山）结构复合材料有限公司 | The low-density moulded material for the microsphere being modified including surface |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69504118T2 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1998-12-24 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc., Tokio/Tokyo | Thermoplastic resin composition for profile extrusion |
| US5733659A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1998-03-31 | Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation | Transparent rigid resin molded product and process for producing the same |
| JPH09115334A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-02 | Mitsubishi Materiais Corp | Transparent conductive film and film forming composition |
-
1999
- 1999-05-20 DE DE69922000T patent/DE69922000T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-20 EP EP99923234A patent/EP1085974B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-20 CA CA002332870A patent/CA2332870C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-20 WO PCT/US1999/011110 patent/WO1999061237A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-20 AU AU40057/99A patent/AU4005799A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| No further relevant documents disclosed * |
| See also references of WO9961237A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1085974B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
| CA2332870A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
| AU4005799A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
| EP1085974A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| DE69922000D1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| CA2332870C (en) | 2008-12-02 |
| DE69922000T2 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
| WO1999061237A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
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