EP1260782A1 - Condenseur de vapeur - Google Patents

Condenseur de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1260782A1
EP1260782A1 EP01112343A EP01112343A EP1260782A1 EP 1260782 A1 EP1260782 A1 EP 1260782A1 EP 01112343 A EP01112343 A EP 01112343A EP 01112343 A EP01112343 A EP 01112343A EP 1260782 A1 EP1260782 A1 EP 1260782A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
chamber
condenser
capacitor
distribution chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01112343A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Francisco Leonardo Dr. Blangetti
Miroslava Kopelent
Vaclav Svoboda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to EP01112343A priority Critical patent/EP1260782A1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2002/001417 priority patent/WO2002095313A1/fr
Publication of EP1260782A1 publication Critical patent/EP1260782A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/02—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding steam or vapour to condensers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam condenser for power plants, such as Steam or combined cycle power plants, with a steam turbine and in particular one Device for introducing non-relaxed steam into the Steam condenser.
  • Capacitors for the condensation of turbine steam are generally cuboid or cylindrical and are arranged either in a so-called ground-level installation coaxially behind the turbine or laterally to the turbine or in a so-called underfloor arrangement under the turbine.
  • Turbine steam flows into the steam condenser via an inlet, often also called the condenser neck, during operation of the plant, where it is connected to condenser pipes through which a coolant flows. dejected.
  • the condensate is collected in a hotwell in the lower area of the condenser and fed into the water-steam cycle.
  • steam is fed into the steam condenser directly and not in a relaxed manner via a bypass which bypasses the steam turbine and a steam introduction device.
  • One such device for introducing non-depressurized steam is for example disclosed in EP 0 953 731.
  • the steam is over a Bypass line directed to the steam introduction device.
  • This consists of three Stages in which the steam expands, diffuses or is heated.
  • the three Steps consist of a bypass valve, a first pinhole with a Relaxation and desuperheating chamber with injection and finally one second pinhole through which the steam enters the condenser inlet space flows and there fully expanded to condenser pressure.
  • a steam introduction device which is also arranged in the region of the condenser inlet.
  • the Condenser inlet are placed several rows of tubes and rods that the energy dissipation of the steam and reduction of the steam speed serve. The complete relaxation of the steam takes place inside the condenser instead of.
  • JP591121185 there is a steam introduction device in the condenser inlet disclosed, which has two tubes with openings through which the steam diffuses and flows into the interior of the condenser.
  • the openings are aligned that the steam streams collide after exiting the openings and slow each other down. This makes baffle plates to reduce the Avoided flow rate.
  • the vibrations emitted by these sound emissions endanger the integrity of the condenser on the one hand.
  • the noise emissions can also cause erosions on the condenser internals.
  • the placement of the steam introduction device in the steam inlet can result in side and / or back blowing of the low-pressure steam turbine, which can lead to damage to the turbine.
  • the object of the invention is a steam condenser with a device for the introduction of not to create relaxed steam, through which the noise emissions are reduced are that the problems associated with sound emissions such as erosion, Vibrations and blowback to the turbine are minimized. Ultimately, too noise pollution can be reduced.
  • This task is accomplished by a capacitor for a power plant with a Steam turbine released by a steam inlet with the steam turbine is connected and has a steam jacket which has a steam space surrounds.
  • a large number of condenser tubes are arranged in the steam space are flowed through by a coolant and on which turbine steam condenses.
  • the condenser has a device for introducing steam, in particular not steam released in a turbine, into the steam space of the condenser with a steam supply line leading to this device, the device has several stages for reducing the pressure of the steam and which in Flow connection to the steam room is.
  • the device in particular has a chamber outside the Steam jacket of the condenser, which is at least over a large part extends a wall of the steam jacket.
  • the device can either be attached to the rear wall of the condenser, on the upper side of the condenser or, if necessary, also on the lower side of the condenser.
  • an underfloor arrangement placement on one or both sides or on the underside of a rectangular capacitor is possible.
  • the device is in any case arranged parallel to the condenser tubes.
  • the chamber In the case of a placement on the underside of a cuboidal condenser, the chamber extends over a large part of the wall of the steam jacket, since the hotwell takes up some space, whereas when it is placed on the top or rear wall of the cuboidal condenser, the chamber extends over a large part or over the entire surface of the wall of the steam jacket extends. When used on a condenser with a cylindrical shaped steam jacket, the chamber extends over part of the cylindrical side of the condenser.
  • the flow velocity of the steam is greatly reduced and the pressure difference to the condenser pressure is correspondingly greatly reduced in comparison to the prior art. Since this relaxation takes place, in particular, outside the steam space of the condenser, lower sound emissions occur when the steam flows into the steam space than when steam is introduced into the neck area of the condenser. Damages such as erosions and vibrations, which are otherwise associated with high sound emissions, are reduced or avoided entirely. As a result, measures on the condenser fittings and pipes to withstand vibrations and erosions can also be reduced or omitted.
  • the invention is based in particular on the idea of reducing the noise emissions by physically changing the steam jet itself, so that less noise emissions are generated at all and not by containing the noise emissions that have already occurred. This is achieved in particular by reducing the steam velocities, since the noise emissions that arise when steam flows in depend on the seventh power of the steam velocity.
  • the invention further provides the advantage that the relaxation in this Chamber a reduction in noise emissions is achieved, which is far greater than it could be achieved by sound insulation. Furthermore, it turns out the construction of such a large chamber less expensive than sound insulation. Thanks to the arrangement of the steam introduction device on one side of the Condenser and the expansion of the steam outside the steam room the space problem in the area of the condenser inlet is solved. Thereby enables shorter condenser inlets and smaller nacelles.
  • the mentioned chamber for expanding the steam has a wall together with the side wall of the condenser on which the device is arranged.
  • this wall has a plurality of diaphragms which are arranged distributed over the common wall. The apertures arranged in this way bring about further energy dissipation of the steam and a uniform inflow over the entire surface of the condenser wall, as a result of which a further reduction in damage caused by sound emissions is achieved.
  • the screens consist of several individual rows of holes or narrow, elongated screens.
  • Such a shape of the flow connections brings about a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the openings, which at the same time achieves a great reduction in the supersonic jet length of the steam flow in the steam chamber. Since most of the erosion and vibration damage occurs in the supersonic zone, shortening the supersonic zone reduces such damage.
  • the multiple stages are assigned Relaxation and dissipation of the steam to be introduced a valve in the Steam supply line and at least one steam distribution chamber, the at least one steam distribution chamber openings for flow connection further steam distribution chambers and to the large chamber.
  • valve and the steam distribution chambers serve for the step-by-step pressure reduction and expansion of the steam in a similar manner and to a similar extent as the pressure reduction in EP 0 953 731.
  • the steam distribution chambers are arranged and designed entirely differently.
  • the steam introduction device has a first and a second steam distribution chamber which are in flow communication with one another and with the large chamber through openings. Both steam distribution chambers serve to relax the steam in two stages and reduce the steam speeds, which further contributes to the reduction of noise emissions.
  • the first steam distribution chamber is elongated and preferably tubular.
  • the steam supply line leads into the middle area of the first steam distribution chamber. This training serves one Bifurcation and first distribution of the steam flow over the surface of the wall of the steam jacket.
  • the first steam distribution chamber has both at its ends a pinhole for dissipation of the steam flow and Flow connection to the second steam distribution chamber.
  • the second steam distribution chamber is arranged that it completely encloses the first steam distribution chamber.
  • the second steam distribution chamber is elongated and preferably tubular, wherein it extends approximately over the entire Length of the capacitor wall extends.
  • the second steam distribution chamber is arranged within the large chamber, which extends over a large part of the wall of the steam jacket, and is completely enclosed by the latter.
  • the second steam distribution chamber instructs on opposite sides of the steam distribution chamber. These are for example on the upper and lower half of the tubular chamber arranged and serve a uniformly distributed inflow of steam in the big chamber.
  • the screens are, for example, through slots or Row of holes realized.
  • one of the steam distribution chambers has preferably the second steam distribution chamber, a device for injection of water to heat the steam.
  • the steam flows from the steam supply line into the Middle part of the first tubular steam distribution chamber, there is divided into two Directions in the distribution chamber and finally gets through the Pinholes at the ends of the distribution chamber in the second Steam distribution chamber, which completely surrounds the first distribution chamber.
  • the Steam is then heated and further expanded and passes through the Row of holes in the upper and lower half of the second tube Steam distribution chamber in the large chamber. There is the Steam speed reduced again, after which the steam due to the multitude reaches the steam chamber from panels in the wall of the steam jacket.
  • the capacitor is for Steam turbine arranged at ground level and the condenser pipes in the steam room are grouped into several horizontal tube bundles, whereby Drain plates for the condensate accumulating between the tube bundles are arranged.
  • the device for introducing steam is on the rear wall arranged of the steam jacket, the rows of holes or slots for Steam introduction from the large chamber into the steam room on the rear wall are arranged.
  • the rows of holes are according to the position of the Drain plates arranged between the tube bundles, so that the inflowing Steam enters an area under a drain plate.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a level with a steam turbine arranged cuboid capacitor with a device for introduction of unexpanded steam on the back wall of the condenser is arranged
  • Figure 2 is a view of a capacitor in an underfloor arrangement in relation to a Steam turbine with a device for introducing steam on a Side wall of the condenser is arranged in the region of the condenser tubes
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a device for introducing steam, which on the Rear wall of a capacitor is arranged at ground level, with a bypass valve, a first and second steam distribution chamber and the large chamber that extends over the rear wall,
  • FIG. 4 is a further view of the steam introduction device in cross section and from above with all stages of the steam introduction device
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the first and second steam distribution chambers with their pinholes
  • Figure 6 is a view of the rear wall of the capacitor of Figure 3 with several Rows of individual openings for flow connection from the large one Chamber to the vapor space of the condenser.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical cuboid capacitor 1 for a power plant, which is arranged laterally and at ground level with respect to a steam turbine 2.
  • the turbine steam flows from the steam turbine 2 through a condenser inlet 3 or condenser neck 3 into the steam space 4, which is surrounded by a cuboid-shaped steam jacket 5.
  • a large number of condenser tubes 6 are arranged in the steam chamber 4, and a coolant, mostly water, flows through the condenser tubes 6 from water chambers (not shown here).
  • the turbine steam condenses on the condenser tubes 6, with the condensate flowing down into the lower region of the steam space 4 and being collected in a hotwell 7.
  • the condenser tubes 6 are shown in a general arrangement in this figure.
  • the tubes can be arranged in a tube bundle 8 of any shape or in several tube bundles, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In practice, they are often grouped together in bundles of different shapes based on flow and ventilation considerations.
  • the figure shows a preferred placement of a steam introduction device 12 according to the invention on the rear wall 13 of the condenser 1.
  • a steam supply line 14 is used to conduct non-expanded steam directly into the condenser 1. It is designed, for example, as a bypass line which conducts steam from the boiler of the power plant while bypassing the steam turbine 2 into the condenser when the power plant is started up.
  • the steam introduction device 12 has several stages for reducing the pressure of the steam, in particular for throttling, relaxation, dissipation and / or desuperheating.
  • the first stage consists of a valve 15, specifically a bypass valve in the bypass line 14 for the purpose of a first throttling of the steam flow.
  • a second stage, a steam distribution chamber or a steam distribution pipe 16, and a third stage, a further steam distribution chamber or a further steam distribution pipe 18, serve for the dissipation, desuperheating and expansion of the steam.
  • the second and third stages 16 and 18 are located within a large chamber 22, which extends over a large part or the entire surface of the rear wall 13.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cuboid capacitor 31 for a power plant in FIG Underfloor arrangement with respect to a steam turbine 32 and an inventive Steam introduction device 32.
  • the steam flows from the turbine through a power plant Condenser inlet 33 in the one enclosed by a steam jacket 34 Vapor space 35 of the condenser 31, where it connects to condenser tubes 36 is put down.
  • the condenser tubes 35 are here, for example, in Bundles 37 summarized.
  • the resulting condensate drips into the lower one Area of the steam room 35 and is collected there in a hotwell 38.
  • the Steam introduction device 12 is on a side wall 39 of the steam jacket 34 attached.
  • the device in turn has a large chamber 22 'which extends over almost the entire surface of the side wall 39.
  • the Chamber 22 ' is formed by the side wall 39 and flat outer walls 23 again formed cuboid.
  • the device 12 similar to that in FIG. 1 explains a bypass line 14 with bypass valve 15, and a second stage consisting of a steam distribution chamber 16 ', and a third stage from a steam distribution chamber 18 'which within the large chamber 22', the fourth stage of the device.
  • the vapor is in the chamber 22 a sufficiently large volume relaxed outside the steam room and the pressure difference to the condenser pressure compared to the state of the Technology greatly reduced.
  • the side wall 39 of the capacitor 31 and in particular on the rear wall 13 of the condenser 1 reduces side or back blowing of the low pressure turbine or eliminated.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a condenser 1 arranged at ground level similar to that in FIG. 1.
  • the condensate accumulating in each tube bundle 8 is collected by drain plates 9, from which it flows into the hotwell 7.
  • the condensate drain plates 9 are slightly inclined towards the rear of the condenser for the purpose of condensate drainage. They are also preferably inclined slightly towards the cooling water inlet side of the condenser in order to enable cooling water drainage during periods of inactivity.
  • the condensate falls from the drain plates 9 as a falling film to the Hotwell 7.
  • the steam introduction device 12 has the mentioned Bypass line 14 with a throttling, the bypass valve 15.
  • the Bypass line 14 then directs the steam to the second stage of the device, a first manifold 16 or a first steam manifold 16, the is arranged within the expansion chamber 22.
  • the first manifold 16 has openings through which the steam enters the third stage of the device second manifold 17 arrives, which surrounds the first manifold 16.
  • the second manifold 17 in turn has openings through which the steam enters the large chamber 22.
  • the chamber 22 is from the outside walls 23 and the side wall 39 or the rear wall 13 of the steam jacket.
  • the outer wall of the chamber 22 can both through flat outer walls 23 cuboid, as in Figure 2, as well as a cylinder part assembled outer walls 24, as in Figure 3, or in a general rounded shape.
  • a cylindrical shape is due to Preferred considerations for the necessary wall thickness.
  • the chamber 22 can also through outer walls 23 and, instead of the rear or side wall of the Steam jacket, through a partition with panels.
  • Such Partition can be removed, for example by screw connections in the Area of support plates in the steam room. This realization allows inspection of the steam room and the condenser tubes.
  • Figure 4 shows in cross section the structure and operation of the device 12 with the first to fourth stages.
  • the steam flows in the direction of the arrow into the first steam distributor pipe 16 and there in two directions to the ends of the distributor pipe 16.
  • At both ends of the pipe 16 there is a perforated diaphragm with a plurality of openings 17 through which the steam enters the third stage of the device, the second steam distribution pipe 18 or the second steam distribution chamber 18.
  • the first distributor pipe 16 and the perforated orifices 17 reduce the pressure in practical cases by a factor of four to six.
  • the second stage of the steam introduction device can also be designed in other shapes, such as an elongated, cuboid or rounded chamber, instead of a distributor pipe.
  • the flow connection to the third stage can also be designed in various ways, for example by means of a plurality of orifices, slots or perforated orifices which are distributed over the entire chamber or, for example, over its length.
  • the distributor pipe 18 preferably consists of a long pipe which completely surrounds the first distributor pipe 16 and extends over the entire length of the rear wall 13. Openings 19 are arranged on the lower and upper half of the distributor pipe 18, through which openings the steam enters the chamber 22.
  • the openings 19 are arranged on each tube half, for example in three rows of holes, the individual rows of holes being arranged offset to one another. Using a hole diameter of, for example, 10 mm and a web width of 6 mm, 1250 holes per row of holes can be accommodated on an available tube length of approximately 9 m.
  • FIG. 5 shows the pinhole with the openings 17 of the first manifold 16 and the openings 19 at the upper and lower Pipe halves of the second distributor pipe 18.
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of the open steam introduction device 12 from the rear with a view of the entire rear wall 13 of the steam jacket.
  • the design of the flow connection to the steam chamber 4 is shown.
  • Several individual rows of holes 20 are distributed over the entire rear wall 13 in order to bring about a uniform inflow of steam.
  • the arrows indicate the outflow of the steam into the different chambers.
  • the large number of orifices in the rear wall in the form of individual rows of holes or elongated slots result in a reduced hydraulic diameter of the steam jet and thus shorten the supersonic length.
  • a pinhole area of, for example, a total of 1.5 m 2 is available for the pressure reduction from the large relaxation chamber 22 (for example 0.8 bar) and the steam room (for example 0.1 bar). This corresponds to a multiple of the available aperture area with conventional steam introduction devices.
  • This preferred embodiment of the invention achieves a reduction in sound emissions of up to 11-13 dBA compared to conventional capacitors.
  • the dashed, vertical lines 21 show the position of support plates for the Pipe bundle, the horizontal lines 21 'the position of the drain plates between the horizontally lying tube bundles.
  • the individual rows of holes 20 are between the support plates and under the drain plates. The latter measure is especially intended for steam inflow under the drain plates in an area that is free of condensate drops so that the incoming steam as little droplets of condensate falling as possible and carried to the Condenser tubes and fittings do not trigger drop drop erosion.
  • the first and second manifolds 16 and 18 are in the upper half the rear wall 13. This placement aims at a good distribution of the steam in both directions up and down so the steam is evenly over the rectangular panels are distributed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP01112343A 2001-05-21 2001-05-21 Condenseur de vapeur Withdrawn EP1260782A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01112343A EP1260782A1 (fr) 2001-05-21 2001-05-21 Condenseur de vapeur
PCT/IB2002/001417 WO2002095313A1 (fr) 2001-05-21 2002-04-25 Condenseur de vapeur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01112343A EP1260782A1 (fr) 2001-05-21 2001-05-21 Condenseur de vapeur

Publications (1)

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EP1260782A1 true EP1260782A1 (fr) 2002-11-27

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EP01112343A Withdrawn EP1260782A1 (fr) 2001-05-21 2001-05-21 Condenseur de vapeur

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EP (1) EP1260782A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002095313A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102829648A (zh) * 2012-09-21 2012-12-19 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种电站直接空冷岛遮阳与太阳能光伏发电装置
JP2014190590A (ja) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 復水器、及びこれを備える蒸気タービンプラント

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3070157A (en) * 1959-10-05 1962-12-25 C H Wheeler Mfg Co Means for dissipating the energy of steam in large quantities
JPS5749004A (en) * 1980-09-10 1982-03-20 Hitachi Ltd In-flowing device for bypassing steam to condenser of turbine
JPS599491A (ja) * 1982-07-07 1984-01-18 Toshiba Corp 復水器
EP0108298A1 (fr) * 1982-11-02 1984-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Condenseur de turbine avec au minimum un conduit de dérivation de vapeur entrant dans le dôme
JPS59161685A (ja) 1983-03-04 1984-09-12 Toshiba Corp 復水器
JPH07167571A (ja) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-04 Toshiba Corp 発電プラントの復水器
EP0953731A1 (fr) 1998-04-30 1999-11-03 Asea Brown Boveri AG Dispositif d'introduction de vapeur dans des centrales d'énergie
EP0957325A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-17 Asea Brown Boveri AG Condenseur de vapeur

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3070157A (en) * 1959-10-05 1962-12-25 C H Wheeler Mfg Co Means for dissipating the energy of steam in large quantities
JPS5749004A (en) * 1980-09-10 1982-03-20 Hitachi Ltd In-flowing device for bypassing steam to condenser of turbine
JPS599491A (ja) * 1982-07-07 1984-01-18 Toshiba Corp 復水器
EP0108298A1 (fr) * 1982-11-02 1984-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Condenseur de turbine avec au minimum un conduit de dérivation de vapeur entrant dans le dôme
JPS59161685A (ja) 1983-03-04 1984-09-12 Toshiba Corp 復水器
JPH07167571A (ja) * 1993-12-16 1995-07-04 Toshiba Corp 発電プラントの復水器
EP0953731A1 (fr) 1998-04-30 1999-11-03 Asea Brown Boveri AG Dispositif d'introduction de vapeur dans des centrales d'énergie
EP0957325A1 (fr) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-17 Asea Brown Boveri AG Condenseur de vapeur

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 124 (M - 141) 9 July 1982 (1982-07-09) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 094 (M - 293) 28 April 1984 (1984-04-28) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 10 30 November 1995 (1995-11-30) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102829648A (zh) * 2012-09-21 2012-12-19 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种电站直接空冷岛遮阳与太阳能光伏发电装置
JP2014190590A (ja) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 復水器、及びこれを備える蒸気タービンプラント

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