EP1274102B1 - Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère - Google Patents

Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1274102B1
EP1274102B1 EP01810645A EP01810645A EP1274102B1 EP 1274102 B1 EP1274102 B1 EP 1274102B1 EP 01810645 A EP01810645 A EP 01810645A EP 01810645 A EP01810645 A EP 01810645A EP 1274102 B1 EP1274102 B1 EP 1274102B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer compound
polymer
filler
compound according
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01810645A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1274102A1 (fr
Inventor
Felix Greuter
Yvo Dirix
Petra Kluge-Weiss
Reto Kessler
Walter Schmidt
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to DE50115800T priority Critical patent/DE50115800D1/de
Priority to EP01810645A priority patent/EP1274102B1/fr
Priority to AT01810645T priority patent/ATE499691T1/de
Priority to US10/180,078 priority patent/US7320762B2/en
Priority to AU50684/02A priority patent/AU5068402A/en
Priority to CA002390195A priority patent/CA2390195A1/fr
Priority to RU2002117582/04A priority patent/RU2282263C2/ru
Priority to JP2002192413A priority patent/JP2003049084A/ja
Priority to CN02140255.8A priority patent/CN1277888C/zh
Priority to PL354829A priority patent/PL206222B1/pl
Publication of EP1274102A1 publication Critical patent/EP1274102A1/fr
Priority to US11/892,148 priority patent/US7618550B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1274102B1 publication Critical patent/EP1274102B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112—ZnO type

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a polymer compound according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and of a process for the preparation of a polymer compound according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • the polymer compound contains a polymer matrix in which as filler electrically conductive particles such as conductivity black and / or metal powder and / or electrically semiconductive particles, such as SiC or ZnO are embedded.
  • This polymer compound has a non-linear current-voltage characteristic which is influenced by the filler content and the dispersion of the filler.
  • the specific resistance and other electrical properties determined by the current-voltage characteristic can generally be influenced only by the filler content and the degree of dispersion, depending on the strength of an electric field applied to the polymer compound.
  • the polymer compound can be used with advantage as the base material in voltage-limiting resistors (varistors) or as a field-controlling material in energy systems and apparatus, in particular in cable terminations or in cable connection sleeves.
  • a polymer compound of the type mentioned in the introduction and a method of the type mentioned in the introduction are described in an article by R. Strümpler et al. "Smart Varistor Composites” Proc.of the 8 th CIMTEC Ceramic Congress. June 1994 as well as in EP 875 087 B1 and WO 99/56290 A1 described.
  • As filler doped and sintered particles of zinc oxide are provided in this polymer compound.
  • Typical dopants are metals as used in the preparation of metal oxide varistors and typically include Bi, Cr, Co, Mn and Sb.
  • Doped ZnO powder is sintered at 800 to 1300 ° C. By suitably sized sintering temperatures and times, desired electrical properties of the filler are achieved. After sintering, each particle has an electrical conductivity, which changes non-linearly in the course of an applied electric field. Each particle therefore acts as a small varistor. Due to the appropriately sized sintering conditions, the nonlinear behavior of the filler can be adjusted within certain limits. The non-linear electrical properties of the polymer compound can therefore be adjusted during the preparation of the compound not only by the filler content and the degree of dispersion, but also by the sintering conditions of the filler.
  • An in EP 0 576 836 A described current-limiting resistor consists of a polymeric matrix and two embedded in the matrix fillers, the first of which contains electrically conductive particles in the form of carbon, metal or a boride, silicide, oxide or carbide in doped or undoped form, while the second filler a doped semiconductive ceramic, such as based on ZnO, a metal granules, an electrically conductive plastic or fibers contains.
  • Polymer matrix and first filler form a first resistance material with a lower cold resistance than a second resistance material formed from the polymer matrix and the second filler.
  • the first and possibly also the second resistance material are characterized by PTC behavior and then both have a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic on
  • the invention has for its object to provide a polymer compound of the type mentioned, its non-linear electrical properties can be adjusted easily during the manufacturing process and to provide a method for producing such a polymer compound, with which polymer compounds with predetermined non-linear electrical properties can be produced in an economical manner
  • the polymer compound according to the invention is characterized in that the filler contains at least two filler components with differing non-linear current-voltage characteristics, and that the two filler components are each formed by a doped, sintered metal oxide with grain boundary-containing particles and differ from each other by deviating stoichiometry Dopants and / or by divergent, caused by different sintering grain boundary structures.
  • polymer compound having a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic other than these two characteristics can be achieved.
  • the polymer compound according to the invention is therefore distinguished by the fact that it can be produced with little effort despite precisely defined non-linear electrical properties.
  • Polymer compounds with virtually any arbitrary current-voltage characteristics can be produced from a small base set of filler components each with a defined non-linear current-voltage characteristic become.
  • the polymer compound can not only be given predetermined electrical properties, but also its thermal conductivity can be decisively influenced. This is particularly important when using polymer compounds as field control material, for example in cable fittings, because the cable fittings are heavily heated because of dielectric losses in the polymer compound and because of electrical losses in the metallic conductor.
  • the generally low thermal conductivity of the polymer is offset by suitably selected filler components, which in addition to the good electrical behavior also give the polymer compound sufficiently good thermal conductivity.
  • the two filler components are each formed by a doped, sintered metal oxide with grain boundary-containing particles and differ from each other by deviating stoichiometry of the dopants and / or by divergent, caused by different sintering conditions grain boundary structures with different grain sizes.
  • the metal oxide is generally zinc oxide, but may advantageously be tin dioxide or titanium dioxide.
  • the differing current-voltage characteristics can be achieved by different weight proportions of the dopants, i. by different formulations of the two filler components or by different conditions during sintering of the filler components.
  • the sintering conditions include above all the sintering temperature, the residence time, the gas composition of the sintering atmosphere and the heating and cooling rates.
  • the conductivity of powdered zinc oxide doped with a plurality of metals can be increased at a given electric field strength.
  • the polymer compound may contain electrically conductive or electrically semiconducting material, such as conductivity black or metal powder. Above all, this material makes better contacting of the individual particles of the non-linear achieved electrical behavior exhibiting filler components. The energy absorption of the polymer compound is significantly increased.
  • a surge arrester containing a polymer compound according to the invention is then distinguished by a high pulse strength. In order to achieve a sufficient effect, the proportion of additional component should be 0.01 to 15 percent by volume of the polymer compound.
  • the additional component contains particles with a large length-to-diameter ratio, in particular nanotubes. If the polymer matrix is oriented in a preferred direction by injection molding, for example, during the production of the polymer compound, these particles can be oriented in the preferred direction because of the large length-to-diameter ratio, and thus a polymer compound with anisotropic electrical properties can be achieved in a simple manner. Such a material can be advantageously used to solve field control tasks in cable connection sleeves or in cable terminations.
  • the polymer compound has a high dielectric constant.
  • the polymer compound according to the invention can then easily control an electric field.
  • Such a field control can relate, for example, to the homogenization of the distribution of electrical fields of energy-technical installations or apparatuses in normal operation.
  • the field-controlling function of the polymer according to the invention can be improved in that the filler has an additional component of a material with a high dielectric constant.
  • additional components are, for example, BaTiO 3 or TiO 2 .
  • the polymer matrix typically contains a single polymer or a mixture of polymers.
  • the dielectric behavior of the polymer compound can be further improved if the individual polymer or at least one of the polymers of the mixture contains polar groups and / or is an intrinsically electrically conductive polymer.
  • a typical polymer having polar groups is, for example, a polyamide.
  • the proportion of polar group-containing polymer and / or intrinsically electrically conductive polymer is advantageously 0.01 to 50 volume percent of the polymer matrix.
  • the polymer compound may additionally be provided an additive which contains at least one stabilizer, a flame retardant and / or a processing aid.
  • the proportion of this additive may be between 0.01 to 5 volume percent of the polymer compound.
  • a flame-retardant polymer compound can be produced particularly economically if it contains aluminum and / or magnesium hydroxide which acts as a flame retardant. Since, for reasons of flame retardance, the polymer matrix in many cases must not fall below a predefined LOI (limited oxygen index) value (the smaller the LOI value, the easier it is for the polymer compound to burn), the use of the inexpensive hydroxides makes it possible to use the LOI Value can be increased in a very cost-effective manner.
  • LOI limited oxygen index
  • adhesion promoter A good mechanical strength, the polymer compound, then, if in addition a bonding between polymer and filler enhancing adhesion promoter is provided.
  • the proportion of adhesion promoter should be between 0.01 to 5 percent by volume of the polymer compound.
  • the adhesion promoter which is preferably formed as a silane, firmly couples the polymer matrix to the filler. Cracking in the polymer compound due to lack of adhesion of the polymer matrix to the filler and thereby initiated material fracture is thus avoided with great certainty.
  • the adhesion promoter substantially improves the electrical properties of the polymer compound according to the invention.
  • the filler is mixed from a base set of at least two filler components with differing non-linear current-voltage characteristics.
  • the mixing ratio of the components becomes so selected that the polymer compound has the predetermined characteristic.
  • the polymer compound can now be produced in a simple and economical manner without extensive preliminary investigations.
  • the mixing ratio is selected from a predetermined characteristic field of polymer compounds, of which two each contain at most one of the at least two filler components and at least one further containing at least two mixed with a predetermined ratio filler components.
  • Varistor powders R1, R2, S1 and S2 have been prepared by known processes described for example in the introductory cited prior art.
  • the powders contained as the major constituent (greater than 90 mole percent) sintered zinc oxide doped with additives, predominantly Sb, Bi, Co, Mn and Cr, (less than 10 mole percent in total).
  • the varistor powder R1 had a smaller bismuth content than the varistor powder R2.
  • the powders R1 and R2 were produced under the same sintering conditions, namely by sintering at about 1100 ° C in a ceramic tube of a rotary kiln.
  • the powders S1 and S2 had the same composition but were prepared under different sintering conditions.
  • the powder S1 was produced by a continuous sintering process in a rotary kiln at a maximum sintering temperature of about 1070 ° C, the powder S2 in a batch furnace at maximum sintering temperature of about 1200 ° C and a residence time of the batch in the oven of about 18 hours.
  • Sieving, with optional milling, limited the particle sizes of the powders to values typically between 32 and 125 microns.
  • Oil was used as the matrix material, since test specimens could thus be produced in a particularly simple manner. Instead of oil, however, it is also possible to use a duromer, an elastomer, a thermoplastic, a copolymer, a thermoplastic elastomer or a gel or a mixture of at least two of these substances.
  • a variable DC voltage source was applied to the two electrodes. By varying the level of the DC voltage, the electric field E [V / mm] acting in the associated specimen was adjusted and that in the specimen flowing current measured. The current density J [A / cm 2 ] was used to determine the current density FIGS. 1 and 2 Obtained DC current-voltage characteristics.
  • the fillers S73 and S37 formed by mixing the filler components S1 and S2 produced by different sintering conditions lead to test specimens whose DC current-voltage characteristics belong to a family of characteristics which of the two characteristic curves S1 and S2 filled specimens is limited.
  • By changing the mixing ratio of the two filler components specimens were achieved with characteristics that lie between the two limiting characteristics with these fillers in a simple manner.
  • the mixing ratio can be determined from a family of characteristics determined in a corresponding manner for polymer compounds.
  • the filler is prepared and the desired polymer compound is prepared by mixing the filler with polymer, for example silicone.
  • polymer compounds with fillers which are achieved by mixing the filler components R1 or R2 and S1 or S2 or by mixing three or four of these filler components.
  • the filler components need not necessarily be formed from ZnO powder. You can also use another powdered material with non-linear current-voltage characteristics, such as doped silicon carbide, tin dioxide or titanium dioxide.
  • the electrical conductivity of the polymer compound can be increased by several orders of magnitude in the range of small electrical field strengths, and thus a polymer with a flat DC-voltage-voltage characteristic can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Other Resins Obtained By Reactions Not Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Composé polymère pour une résistance dépendante de la tension ou pour une utilisation en tant que matériau contrôlant le champ dans des installations et des appareils énergétiques, constitué d'une matrice polymère et d'une charge incorporée dans la matrice à base d'un oxyde métallique fritté dopé ayant une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire, caractérisé en ce que la charge contient au moins deux composants de charge ayant des caractéristiques courant-tension non linéaires différentes l'une de l'autre, et en ce que les deux composants de charge sont chacun formés par un oxyde métallique fritté dopé qui comprend des particules contenant des joints de grain et diffèrent l'un de l'autre par une stoechiométrie différente des dopants et/ou par des structures de joints de grain différentes l'une de l'autre, causées par des conditions de frittage différentes.
  2. Composé polymère selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le composé polymère contient également un matériau conducteur électrique ou semi-conducteur électrique.
  3. Composé polymère selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau conducteur électrique ou semi-conducteur électrique contient des particules ayant un grand rapport longueur sur diamètre, telles que notamment des nanotubes.
  4. Composé polymère selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la charge comprend un composant supplémentaire en un matériau ayant une constante diélectrique élevée.
  5. Composé polymère selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le composé polymère contient également un additif qui contient au moins un stabilisateur, un agent ignifuge et/ou un adjuvant d'usinage.
  6. Composé polymère selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la proportion d'additif est de 0,01 à 5 pourcent en volume du composé polymère.
  7. Composé polymère selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le composé polymère contient également de l'hydroxyde d'aluminium et/ou de magnésium agissant en tant qu'agent ignifuge.
  8. Composé polymère selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le composé polymère contient également un promoteur d'adhésion qui augmente l'adhésion entre le polymère et la charge.
  9. Composé polymère selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de promoteur d'adhésion est de 0,01 à 5 pourcent en volume du composé polymère.
  10. Composé polymère selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la matrice polymère contient un polymère individuel ou un mélange de polymères.
  11. Composé polymère selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le polymère individuel ou au moins un des polymères du mélange contient des groupes polaires et/ou est un polymère intrinsèquement conducteur électrique.
  12. Composé polymère selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de polymère contenant des groupes polaires et/ou de polymère intrinsèquement conducteur électrique est de 0,01 à 50 pourcent en volume de la matrice polymère.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère ayant une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire prédéterminée par mélange d'un polymère et d'une charge ayant une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire, caractérisé en ce que la charge est mélangée à partir d'un ensemble de base d'au moins deux composants de charge ayant des caractéristiques courant-tension non linéaires différentes l'une de l'autre, le rapport de mélange des composants étant choisis de manière à ce que le composé polymère présente la caractéristique prédéterminée.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de mélange est choisi dans un groupe de caractéristiques prédéterminées d'au moins trois composés polymères, dont deux contiennent chacun au plus un des deux composants de charge ou plus et un troisième les deux composants de charge ou plus mélangés en un rapport prédéterminé.
EP01810645A 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère Expired - Lifetime EP1274102B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50115800T DE50115800D1 (de) 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Polymercompound mit nichtlinearer Strom-Spannungs-Kennlinie und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymercompounds
EP01810645A EP1274102B1 (fr) 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère
AT01810645T ATE499691T1 (de) 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Polymercompound mit nichtlinearer strom-spannungs-kennlinie und verfahren zur herstellung eines polymercompounds
US10/180,078 US7320762B2 (en) 2001-07-02 2002-06-27 Polymer compound with nonlinear current-voltage characteristic and process for producing a polymer compound
AU50684/02A AU5068402A (en) 2001-07-02 2002-06-27 Polymer compound with nonlinear current-voltage characteristic and process for producing a polymer compound
CA002390195A CA2390195A1 (fr) 2001-07-02 2002-06-28 Polymere a caracteristique courant-tension non-lineaire et methode de production d'un polymere de ce type
RU2002117582/04A RU2282263C2 (ru) 2001-07-02 2002-07-01 Полимерный компаунд с нелинейными вольтамперными характеристиками и способ его получения
JP2002192413A JP2003049084A (ja) 2001-07-02 2002-07-01 非直線性電流ー電圧ー特性曲線を有するポリマー配合物及びポリマー配合物の製造方法
CN02140255.8A CN1277888C (zh) 2001-07-02 2002-07-02 具有非线性电流－电压特性的聚合物和该聚合物的生产方法
PL354829A PL206222B1 (pl) 2001-07-02 2002-07-02 Mieszanka polimerowa o nieliniowej charakterystyce prądowo-napięciowej i sposób wytwarzania mieszanki polimerowej o zadanej nieliniowej charakterystyce prądowo-napięciowej
US11/892,148 US7618550B2 (en) 2001-07-02 2007-08-20 Polymer compound with nonlinear current-voltage characteristic and process for producing a polymer compound

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810645A EP1274102B1 (fr) 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère

Publications (2)

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EP1274102A1 EP1274102A1 (fr) 2003-01-08
EP1274102B1 true EP1274102B1 (fr) 2011-02-23

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EP01810645A Expired - Lifetime EP1274102B1 (fr) 2001-07-02 2001-07-02 Composé polymère avec une caractéristique courant-tension non linéaire et procédé de fabrication d'un composé polymère

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US (2) US7320762B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1274102B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003049084A (fr)
CN (1) CN1277888C (fr)
AT (1) ATE499691T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5068402A (fr)
CA (1) CA2390195A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50115800D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL206222B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2282263C2 (fr)

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PL354829A1 (en) 2003-01-13
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US20080023678A1 (en) 2008-01-31
JP2003049084A (ja) 2003-02-21
CN1277888C (zh) 2006-10-04
US7618550B2 (en) 2009-11-17
PL206222B1 (pl) 2010-07-30
AU5068402A (en) 2003-01-09
US7320762B2 (en) 2008-01-22
US20030010960A1 (en) 2003-01-16
RU2282263C2 (ru) 2006-08-20
CA2390195A1 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP1274102A1 (fr) 2003-01-08
RU2002117582A (ru) 2004-01-20
CN1394914A (zh) 2003-02-05

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