EP1567625A1 - Melanges de bougies comprenant des esters d'alkyle naturels - Google Patents

Melanges de bougies comprenant des esters d'alkyle naturels

Info

Publication number
EP1567625A1
EP1567625A1 EP03789750A EP03789750A EP1567625A1 EP 1567625 A1 EP1567625 A1 EP 1567625A1 EP 03789750 A EP03789750 A EP 03789750A EP 03789750 A EP03789750 A EP 03789750A EP 1567625 A1 EP1567625 A1 EP 1567625A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel component
fatty acid
candle
component comprises
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03789750A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1567625A4 (fr
Inventor
John Schroeder
Irene Shapiro
Jeffrey Nelson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stepan Co
Original Assignee
Stepan Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stepan Co filed Critical Stepan Co
Publication of EP1567625A1 publication Critical patent/EP1567625A1/fr
Publication of EP1567625A4 publication Critical patent/EP1567625A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/002—Ingredients

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to candles and more specifically to mixtures of components that provide candles having enhanced performance . Description of the Related Art
  • Candle mixtures derived from natural fats, oils and waxes have been known for centuries.
  • candle formulations based on glycerides, e.g. stearin or fatty acids, e.g. stear ⁇ c acid, ' were very popular ' before the advent of petroleum.
  • fossile fuel-derived materials have become more popular, and hydrocarbons from petroleum sources are now the primary starting materials for combustion mixtures used to manufacture candles, liquid candles or lamps. This shift away from natural to petroleum-based materials is almost complete.
  • petroleum derivatives had a superior performance, e.g. as regards quality of burn (minimal sooting, odor, whiteness of light, etc.) and tended to be lower in cost.
  • the invention provides candles made using traditional fuel materials such as petroleum-derived paraffins and/or carboxylic fatty acids, e.g. stearic acid, with lower alkyl esters of fatty acids of general formula R 1 -C (0) -O-R 2 wherein R 1 is C ⁇ 2 -C 28 alkyl and R 2 is C 1 -C3 alkyl.
  • burn performance these candle mixtures perform generally equal or better than that of paraffin based burning application and are also obtained from naturally occurring and renewable sources. Similar improvements in performance were found when these- e-s-ters were added- t ⁇ a-t-ty acid candle mixtures. In addition, these mixtures are more malleable, less prone to cracking and easier to sculpt than mixtures based on fatty acids alone.
  • the invention relates to candle mixtures comprising naturally occurring fatty acid esters, and in particular fatty acid methyl esters as the primary fuel source or as a partial source replacing petroleum-derived fuels such as paraffins or white oils.
  • fatty acid esters provide superior burning performance compared to other natural materials such as natural triglycerides and can be also used in candle mixtures comprising fatty acids.
  • the invention provides a solid candle comprising a fuel component that can be petroleum derived paraffin, naturally occurring fatty acids and triglycerides thereof, and from about 25-90 percent in weight of C!-C 3 alkyl esters of C ⁇ 2 -C 2 8 fatty acids and mixtures thereof as combustion enhancers disposed within the fuel component.
  • a solid candle wherein the fuel component is 100% esters is also provided.
  • Lower alkyl esters, and in particular methyl esters are highly oxygenated species .
  • a methyl ester of a saturated C ⁇ 6 carbon chain fatty acid has two oxygen for seventeen carbon atoms or 11.8% by weight in oxygen. This high level of oxygenation yields a fuel source with excellent burn. It was also discovered that this high level of oxygenation results in low sooting combined with a good quality of light.
  • mixtures of these esters and long chain carboxylic acids had an excellent burn performance and improved physical properties over candle mixtures based on long chain carboxylic acids alone.
  • combinations of said acids and esters with paraffin wax also yielded -superior candle mixtures with enhanced combustion.
  • the term "burn rate" defines the velocity of combustion of a lit candle.
  • the burn rate of a candle such as: the type and size of the wick; the type of material used as a fuel source; minor components (fragrances, dyes, etc.); the shape and size of the candle itself; and whether a candle is in a container or free standing. Additional factors like the ambient temperature, the absence or presence of drafts, the velocity of airflow and the humidity of the atmosphere can also affect the burn rate .
  • the fatty acid esters methyl esters that are saturated and C ⁇ 6 or greater in length are preferred. Said esters are solid at room temperature and handle similarly to paraffin, readily incorporating into solid candle mixtures. C 12 to C 1 5 and unsaturated esters may also be used, but this will generally result in a softening of the candle. In general, solid esters are preferred for the manufacture of solid candles. In this process, the candle material has to be melted in order to incorporate esters in the mixture.
  • a -solid, candle- comprising, a- fuel component, .from about 25% to about 90% in weight of a C ⁇ -C 3 ester of a C ⁇ 2 -C 28 fatty acid, and a wick.
  • Paraffin is a preferred fuel component
  • the ester is preferably a methyl ester of a saturated C ⁇ 6 -C ⁇ 8 fatty acid.
  • Candle mixtures of this type had low sooting and an excellent quality of light, and, as seen in Example 1, higher methyl ester levels resulted in higher burn rates.
  • the fuel component comprises C ⁇ 2 -C 2 8 fatty acids and/or triglycerides thereof, preferably stearic acid, and the ester is preferably a methyl ester of a saturated C ⁇ 6 -C ⁇ 8 fatty acid.
  • the ester is preferably a methyl ester of a saturated C ⁇ 6 -C ⁇ 8 fatty acid.
  • Another embodiment of the ' invention provides an improved solid candle wherein the improvement comprises a C 1 -C 3 alkyl ester of a C ⁇ 2 -C 28 fatty acid or a mixture thereof within the fuel component.
  • the ester preferably a methyl ester of a C12-Q28 f at ty acid, and most preferably a Cis-Ci ⁇ fatty acid, can be from about 25 to 100% of the total weight of the candle.
  • the fuel component may also -comprise paraffin, or C ⁇ 2 -C 28 fatty acids, or a mixture thereof.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides an improved method of generating light and heat from a solid candle having a wick in contact with a fuel component, wherein the improvement comprises from about 25% to about 90% percent by weight of the candle of a C 1 -C3 alkyl ester of a C 12 -C 28 fatty acid or mixture thereof provided within the fuel component.
  • the alkyl ester is more preferably a methyl ester of a C ⁇ 2 -C 22 fatty acid, and most preferably of a Cie-Ci s fatty acid.
  • the fuel component may also comprise paraffin, or C ⁇ 2 -C 2 8 fatty acids, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the fatty acid is stearic acid.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides an improved method for manufacturing solid candles having a wick in contact with a fuel component.
  • the method includes allowing a liquid fluid component in contact with a wick to solidify in a mold, and the improvement comprises adding to the fuel component prior to allowing it to solidify from about 25-90 percent by weight of the candle of a C 1 -C 3 alkyl ester of a C ⁇ 2 -C 28 fatty acid or . a mixture thereof.
  • the ester is a methyl ester of a C12-C22 fatty acid, and most preferably of a C ⁇ 6 -C ⁇ 8 fatty acid.
  • the fuel component preferably comprises paraffin and/or C ⁇ 2 -C 2 8 fatty acids, most preferably stearic acid.
  • Fatty Acid 100 70 60 50 40 (C18 hydrogenated fatty acid) C16/C18 0 30 40 ' 50 . 60 100
  • the method of the present invention is useful in reducing the amount of petroleum hydrocarbon fuel used in burning applications such as candles and liquid candles or lamps. Since the esters described in this method are bio-renewable, the use of the method of the present invention may reduce future dependence on precious and dwindling petroleum resources .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des mélanges combustibles utilisés dans des applications de combustion, telles que des bougies et des bougies liquides ou des lampes, comprenant des esters d'alkyle légers d'acides gras et, de préférence, des esters de méthyle, en tant qu'activateurs de combustion. Ces esters constituent une alternative renouvelable naturelle aux combustibles dérivés du pétrole. L'invention est basée sur la découverte que les esters d'alkyle mélangés aux combustibles des bougies à base de paraffine ou d'acide carboxylique produisent des mélanges combustibles avec une efficacité de combustion améliorée.
EP03789750A 2002-11-15 2003-11-13 Melanges de bougies comprenant des esters d'alkyle naturels Withdrawn EP1567625A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42676202P 2002-11-15 2002-11-15
US426762P 2002-11-15
PCT/US2003/036241 WO2004046286A1 (fr) 2002-11-15 2003-11-13 Melanges de bougies comprenant des esters d'alkyle naturels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1567625A1 true EP1567625A1 (fr) 2005-08-31
EP1567625A4 EP1567625A4 (fr) 2006-02-08

Family

ID=32326418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03789750A Withdrawn EP1567625A4 (fr) 2002-11-15 2003-11-13 Melanges de bougies comprenant des esters d'alkyle naturels

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1567625A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003294268A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004046286A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7713314B2 (en) * 2007-04-21 2010-05-11 Allen Jones Biodiesel candle
WO2017146936A1 (fr) 2016-02-26 2017-08-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Compositions de revêtement pour panneaux de copeaux orientés et procédés d'utilisation associés
DE102016105348A1 (de) 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 Walter Rau Neusser Öl und Fett AG Oleochemische Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben sowie deren Verwendung
CN111117776A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 苏州丰倍生物科技有限公司 一种环保型香薰蜡烛及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3615289A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-10-26 Avon Prod Inc Candle composition
DE2357567A1 (de) * 1973-04-09 1974-10-24 Minnetonka Lab Inc Transparente masse und ihre verwendung als kerzenmaterial
DE4419212A1 (de) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-07 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Schaltvorrichtung für ein automatisches Getriebe
AR028056A1 (es) * 2000-05-03 2003-04-23 Johnson & Son Inc S C Velas de incienso
US6592637B2 (en) * 2001-03-16 2003-07-15 Mcgee Thomas Decorative candle and process for making same
US6503285B1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2003-01-07 Cargill, Inc. Triacylglycerol based candle wax
US7160337B2 (en) * 2001-12-17 2007-01-09 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Transparent, vegetable-based, substantially hydrocarbon-free candle article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1567625A4 (fr) 2006-02-08
WO2004046286A1 (fr) 2004-06-03
AU2003294268A1 (en) 2004-06-15

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