EP1897095A2 - Diaphragme destine a un dispositif de reproduction d'images - Google Patents
Diaphragme destine a un dispositif de reproduction d'imagesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1897095A2 EP1897095A2 EP06777369A EP06777369A EP1897095A2 EP 1897095 A2 EP1897095 A2 EP 1897095A2 EP 06777369 A EP06777369 A EP 06777369A EP 06777369 A EP06777369 A EP 06777369A EP 1897095 A2 EP1897095 A2 EP 1897095A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- aperture
- partially
- gap
- curved outer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K2207/00—Particular details of imaging devices or methods using ionizing electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays
Definitions
- the invention relates to a diaphragm, in particular for an imaging device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the radiation source can be, for example, the effective focal spot on the anode of an x-ray tube or surface-distributed radiating material.
- the latter can be radioactive waste distributed over a room in a collecting bin, whereby alleged discrepancies between declaration and actual content must be clarified.
- Further examples of radiation sources whose shape one wishes to image are deposits with uranium-containing ores or nuclear facilities, in which it is often not only of importance to determine the nature of the radiation, but also to determine the spatial structure of the radiation sources. In addition to the sources mentioned, which generate the high-energy radiation directly, there are also those which generate these by X-ray or gamma backscattering.
- the thickness of the material for the pinhole diaphragm must be large, that is to say in relation to the half-value thickness of the intensity of the radiation used for imaging. Therefore, the achievable image quality is essentially due to aperture diameter and Material thickness and density determined. Often, therefore, one obtains at best a shadow image of the actual pinhole, wherein the pinhole, which is to serve for imaging, becomes a collimator due to the wall thickness, which allows only a straight-line radiation beam to pass. Therefore, the aperture in the hole cameras is often trumpet-shaped with the narrow spot to the radiation source designed so as not to lose the imaging properties completely.
- DE 690 01 117 discloses a device for detecting radiation sources in real time.
- the device comprises a collimator which is delimited by a wall in the form of a double cone, the double cone being formed from two cones of the same opening angle, which are set opposite each other at the vertex.
- the vertex forms the pinhole of the resulting camera.
- DD 240 091 proposes a rotating diaphragm system consisting of several hollow cones arranged concentrically around the optical axis. Each hollow cone consists of half of the respective radiation strongly or weakly absorbing material, the hollow halves are inserted into each other so that always hollow cone halves of different materials adjoin one another.
- a slit aperture acts as the opening of a pinhole camera. Due to the relative movement of the slit diaphragm to the detector comes from different Points of the test object scattered radiation on the detector. The relative position of the slit diaphragm specifies the depth of the test object from which secondary radiation from a detector is detected.
- a solution for expanding the field of view in a pinhole camera is known from DE 196 03 212, in which the core of the camera has a cylindrical borehole crystal, which is terminated by a pinhole collimator, which is conically arched in the region of the borehole. In the center of the collimator is an aperture. Depending on the shape of the collimator, the field of view has an opening angle of up to approximately 120 °.
- the object of the invention is to specify an aperture for a pinhole camera which does not rely on a mechanically moving solution and which can be combined with virtually any material layer. thickness can be realized without losing its imaging properties.
- the object is achieved by means of a diaphragm, in particular for an imaging device, with the features mentioned in claim 1.
- the region which absorbs the radiation to a small extent may be filled with a suitable material which absorbs the relevant radiation less than the two bodies which comprise the diaphragm, the material being in the form of a separate material. may be present installment or a coating applied to at least one of the outer surfaces coating.
- a gap is also to be understood as meaning a region which absorbs the radiation with little absorption and is filled with material.
- the description of the surface contour is based on a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system whose origin lies on the first curved outer surface without restricting the generality (compare FIG. 2a).
- the mode of operation of the diaphragm can be explained by considering a beam with a directional vector (1, y s , z s ), ie a beam which propagates in the direction of the positive optical axis x.
- a beam with a directional vector (1, y s , z s ) ie a beam which propagates in the direction of the positive optical axis x.
- f (y ) tan a. If f (y) is a monotonically increasing or decreasing function, it is only possible to see through the resulting gap in a straight direction at one point. In other places, the radiation is absorbed more strongly.
- the gap has a substantially constant gap width h (y) in a direction parallel to the optical axis x.
- gap width h (y) is chosen so that said Is constant, beams of equal intensity are imaged with the same imaging quality.
- C and n are constants.
- the width of the gap is variable.
- the imaging properties of the diaphragm can be adapted to different situations, in particular to different intensities of the investigated radiation sources.
- a particularly symmetrical arrangement is obtained when the two absorbent bodies are cuboidal.
- the gap appears at an angle of 45 ° when the depth b of the cuboid in the direction of the optical axis is 2 / C.
- the diaphragm fulfills the ideal hole camera principle only for beam bundles whose direction vectors lie in the xz plane
- the two absorbing bodies are arranged rotatable about the optical axis x, so that the gap can be rotated.
- multiple images of an object can be made, each containing a line for which there are ideal imaging properties.
- the building material for the diaphragm all materials are in question, which are able to absorb the radiation emitted by the radiation source effectively.
- these are heavy metals with a high atomic number, for example copper or tungsten.
- plastics with a high hydrogen content for example polyethylene, are suitable.
- the relative distance between the two bodies at least partially absorbing the radiation by a rotational movement of at least one coupled to at least one of the body threaded rod is variable.
- the relative distance can be varied by a rotational movement of a plurality of threaded rods, wherein on all threaded rods gears are mounted on which a link chain is arranged, through which the threaded rods are synchronously rotatable.
- Figure 1 is an imaging device with a diaphragm according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a shows an absorption element with a Cartesian coordinate system drawn in
- FIG. 2b shows a Cartesian coordinate system with a drawn direction vector in the xz plane
- Figure 4 is an exploded view of an inventive
- Figures show an aperture according to the invention from two viewing
- FIG. 6 shows an aperture according to the invention with a tilted gap
- FIG. 7 shows an absorption element from a multiplicity of viewing angles
- FIG. 8 shows an aperture according to the invention from a multiplicity of viewing angles
- FIG. 9 shows radiation passing through a slit for a multiplicity of viewing angles
- FIG. 10 shows an aperture according to the invention in a shielding wall
- Figure 14 (schematically) a second test arrangement
- Figures a figure / reconstruction of the test body 18 a, b, c and
- Figures a control mechanism for the adjustment of the 19a, b, c gap width of the diaphragm according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the hole camera principle on an imaging device 200.
- High-energy radiation 12 in particular X-ray or gamma radiation
- a radiation source 10 for example a test body.
- the radiation 12 strikes a diaphragm 100, by which it is limited and along an optical axis x to the hole Camera principle is directed to an imaging area 14.
- the imaging region 14 is typically a projection surface on which an image of the test body 10 is generated.
- a receiving unit 16 which is sensitive to the radiation 12, in particular a detector or a camera.
- the diaphragm 100 comprises two absorption elements 18, 26.
- a first absorption element 18 is shown in FIG. 2a. It has a first curved outer surface 20 whose surface contour is not shown in Figure 2a to illustrate the orientation of the underlying for their mathematical description Cartesian coordinate system. The position of the Cartesian coordinate system is chosen so that its origin lies on the first curved outer surface 20, without limiting the generality. The x-axis coincides with the optical axis.
- the absorption element 18 is a parallelepiped, with respect to the coordinate system symmetrical body of suitable absorbent material (width a, depth b). For hard radiation this is a heavy metal with the highest possible density, for example copper or tungsten.
- beam paths 22a, b are shown
- ll represents, which run parallel to the side edges 24a, b of the absorption element 18.
- the beam paths 22a, b correspond to direction vectors (1, 0, + aC / 2).
- direction vectors (1, 0, z) for which - aC / 2 ⁇ z ⁇ aC / 2, there is exactly one parallel edge on the curved outer surface 20.
- direction vector with non-vanishing y-component For example, the corresponding lines on the outer surface 20 are not linear.
- Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the diaphragm according to the invention with the absorption elements 18, 26 with complementary outer surfaces 20, 28.
- the absorption elements 18, 26 are arranged such that between them a narrow gap with the gap width h is formed.
- the resulting aperture can be integrated into a shielding wall of shielding elements 30.
- FIGS. 5a, b show the gap 32 between the absorption elements 18 and 26 for two viewing angles. Depending on the viewing direction, a view through the gap 32 in a straight direction is only possible at one point. In the respective direction thereby appears a parallelogram-shaped passage opening 34.
- the cleavage direction can optionally be aligned horizontally (FIG. 5) or vertically (FIG. 6). On the basis of a second image with such rotated aperture, distances to the object can be estimated on the basis of large-area contours and, if necessary, measured.
- FIG. 7 shows the absorption element 18 with a curved outer surface 20 for a multiplicity of viewing angles.
- Center of Figure 7 corresponds to a direction vector (1, 0, 0) parallel to the optical axis. From this, the y-component of the directional vector of the viewing angle changes linearly in the horizontal direction, the z-component in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 8 shows, for the same viewing angles as in FIG. 7, the absorption elements 18, 20, the gap 32 emerging therebetween and the passage opening 34 dependent on the viewing angle.
- the trapezoidal passage opening shifts 34 laterally and while maintaining their shape and size (middle column in Figure 8).
- the passage opening 34 decreases. The ideal hole camera principle is thus fulfilled for those points of the radiation source 10 which lie in the x-z plane.
- FIG. 9 shows a simulation of the radiation 12 absorbed by the diaphragm 10 and the resulting imaging point 36, which is generated by a point in the radiation source 10 in the imaging region 14 (same viewing angle as in FIG. 8).
- the shape of the imaging points 36 are similar in the middle column of FIG. 9, whereas with increasing deviation from the ideal hole camera principle, the imaging points 36 become blurred and weaker.
- FIG. 10 shows an aperture 100 according to the invention, which is integrated in a shielding wall 30.
- a holder of the aperture 100 in the shielding wall 30 must not allow additional beam passage on the outer sides of the two absorption elements 18, 26 allow and must on the other hand provide a firm grip to keep the once set gap width h constant.
- FIG. 11 shows an aperture 100 according to the invention, which is integrated in a tower of lead bricks 38, which is bounded laterally by two lateral lead plates 40.
- An X-ray flash tube 42 can be reciprocated laterally at a fixed height on a stand 44 (FIG. 12).
- On the side facing away from the X-ray flash tube 42 of the aperture 100 is a not shown here sensitive selenium flat detector is arranged. Results of test series are reproduced in FIG. 13, both with raised aperture 100 (FIGS. 13a and c, corresponding to an orientation according to FIG. 6) and in a laterally oriented orientation (FIG. 13b, corresponding to an orientation according to FIG. 5).
- FIG. 13d all test results are superimposed in summary.
- FIG. 13a and c were taken at different distances from the X-ray flash tube 42 (1.4 m and 0.9 m), and the distortion angle through the curved gap 32 thus has a small difference.
- the image of the point-shaped source 42 with horizontal aperture arrangement lie on a horizontal plane.
- the intensity of the laterally located points is relatively strong compared to the central point.
- the number of emitted flashes would have to be increased many times over in the lateral recordings. This is not the case when the diaphragm is placed vertically (FIGS. 13a and c).
- FIG. 14 schematically shows a second test arrangement.
- a continuously radiating, powerful x-ray tube 46 generates radiation, which is hidden by an all-round shield, here a lead wall with window 48.
- the radiation passing through the window of the lead wall 48 falls on an aluminum plate as a scatter filter 50.
- the actual test object 10, here a lead brick with characteristic contours, is between the scatter filter 50 and the diaphragm 100 according to the invention, which is integrated in a shielding wall 30 made of lead, arranged.
- a detector 16 on the projection surface 14 is a storage disk in a cassette.
- FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show different views of the second test arrangement with and without stray filter 50.
- the main axis of the diaphragm 100 is set horizontally.
- the image of the test object 10 on the storage disk 16 is reproduced in FIG. 18a.
- the image is distorted by the imaging mechanism with the help of the curved gap 32.
- the degree of distortion can be determined by means of straight-line structures. If such straight-line structures are lacking, they can be determined by two images with apertures 100 rotated by 90 ° and a correlation of the respective image. Such a correlation image is shown in FIG. 18b. The closer the test object 10 is positioned to the aperture 100, the stronger the distortion.
- An equalized image is shown in FIG.
- Figures 19a, b and c show a control mechanism for adjusting the gap width of the invention
- FIG. 19a side view
- FIG. 19b cross section from above
- FIG. 19c cross section from below
- the aperture 100 with the inside curved gap 32, which consists of the two absorption elements 18, 26 is held by four laterally mounted, each with a threaded hole perforated brackets 52 in position.
- the lower absorption element 18 is firmly anchored, while the upper absorption element 26 is movably mounted.
- the four brackets 52 (only the front pairs are shown in FIG. 19 a) are connected by four threaded rods 54.
- a gear 56 is arranged on each of the threaded rods 54.
- the four gears 56 are connected via a link chain 58, whereby all four threaded rods 54 can only be rotated synchronously. By this arrangement, tilting of the two absorption elements 18, 26 are avoided.
- the adjustment movements are controlled by a first, larger gear 60, which is firmly anchored on one of the four threaded rods 54 and by a second, smaller gear 62 is movable, which is accessible from outside the entire apparatus.
- the second gear 62 is held by a bracket 64 which is fixedly connected to the lower absorption element 18.
- additional shielding screens 66 are arranged in the edge regions of the overall apparatus.
- inner screw supports 68 are arranged transversely to the main radiation direction. Connecting surfaces 70 between the individual parts are inclined, ie not parallel to the main beam direction.
- the adjustment mechanism is designed so that it fits into the shape of a lead strip, as it is used for the construction of a shielding wall (see Figure 11).
- Receiver / detector / camera 18 (first) absorbent body / absorption element
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Cameras (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200510029674 DE102005029674B4 (de) | 2005-06-20 | 2005-06-20 | Blende für eine bildgebende Einrichtung |
| PCT/EP2006/063330 WO2006136545A2 (fr) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Diaphragme destine a un dispositif de reproduction d'images |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1897095A2 true EP1897095A2 (fr) | 2008-03-12 |
Family
ID=37507864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06777369A Withdrawn EP1897095A2 (fr) | 2005-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | Diaphragme destine a un dispositif de reproduction d'images |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1897095A2 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102005029674B4 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006136545A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007057261B3 (de) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-08-06 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schlitzblenden |
| DE102008025109B4 (de) | 2008-05-22 | 2010-06-17 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Blende für eine bildgebende Einrichtung |
| DE102009021750B4 (de) | 2009-05-12 | 2013-01-17 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Schwenkbar bewegliche Schlitzblendenvorrichtung |
| ATE545935T1 (de) | 2009-12-08 | 2012-03-15 | Bam Bundesanstalt Matforschung | Asymmetrische schlitzblende sowie vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
| EP2482288B1 (fr) | 2011-02-01 | 2013-09-04 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Dispositif d'imagerie modulaire pour rayonnement hautement énergétique doté d'un diaphragme à fente en forme de surfaces réglées |
| WO2014008275A1 (fr) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-01-09 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Collimateur à angle variable |
| DE102014103833B3 (de) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-07-09 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) | Schlitzblende für Anwendungen in der Radiographie |
| DE102015008272A1 (de) | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-22 | Kurt Osterloh | Schlitzblendensystem für bildgebende Verfahren mit harter Strahlung |
| GB2559500B (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2022-02-23 | American Science & Eng Inc | Backscatter characterization using interlinearly adaptive electromagnetic x-ray scanning |
| US11193898B1 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-07 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling image contrast in an X-ray system |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0276337A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-24 | 1988-08-03 | Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell GmbH | Arrangement de diaphragmes pour le balayage optoélectronique des documents |
| EP0280375A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen | Microdiaphragme continûment variable |
| JPH09159935A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-20 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 可変ピンホール機構 |
| EP1403674A2 (fr) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-03-31 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Trou d'epingle reglable |
| WO2004104648A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-02 | Carl-Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Stenope reglable, en particulier pour un microscope a balayage laser |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3275831A (en) | 1963-05-16 | 1966-09-27 | Industrial Nucleonics Corp | Radiation beam shutter collimator |
| US4129784A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1978-12-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gamma camera |
| DD240091A1 (de) * | 1985-08-07 | 1986-10-15 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Lochkamera fuer enrgiereiche quantenstrahlung |
| FR2652909B1 (fr) * | 1989-10-11 | 1992-03-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de localisation en temps reel de sources de rayonnement. |
| FR2653896B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-02 | 1992-01-03 | Informatek Sopha Medical Ste N | Gamma camera equipee d'un cone stenope pour une acquisition de type photographique. |
| DE4000507A1 (de) * | 1990-01-10 | 1991-07-11 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Anordnung zur untersuchung eines pruefobjekts mit gamma- oder roentgenstrahlung |
| DE19603212C1 (de) | 1996-01-30 | 1997-05-07 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Gamma-Kamera |
| US6175615B1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2001-01-16 | General Electric Company | Radiation imager collimator |
| AT410148B (de) * | 2000-03-29 | 2003-02-25 | Laggner Peter Dr | Rotationssymmetrisches kollimationssystem für die röntgenstreuung |
-
2005
- 2005-06-20 DE DE200510029674 patent/DE102005029674B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-20 EP EP06777369A patent/EP1897095A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-20 WO PCT/EP2006/063330 patent/WO2006136545A2/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0276337A1 (fr) * | 1987-01-24 | 1988-08-03 | Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell GmbH | Arrangement de diaphragmes pour le balayage optoélectronique des documents |
| EP0280375A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen | Microdiaphragme continûment variable |
| JPH09159935A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-20 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 可変ピンホール機構 |
| EP1403674A2 (fr) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-03-31 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Trou d'epingle reglable |
| WO2004104648A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-02 | Carl-Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Stenope reglable, en particulier pour un microscope a balayage laser |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2006136545A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102005029674B4 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
| DE102005029674A1 (de) | 2006-12-28 |
| WO2006136545A2 (fr) | 2006-12-28 |
| WO2006136545A3 (fr) | 2007-04-12 |
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