EP2063996A1 - Systeme et procede de tri et de valorisation de dechets enfouis - Google Patents
Systeme et procede de tri et de valorisation de dechets enfouisInfo
- Publication number
- EP2063996A1 EP2063996A1 EP07848275A EP07848275A EP2063996A1 EP 2063996 A1 EP2063996 A1 EP 2063996A1 EP 07848275 A EP07848275 A EP 07848275A EP 07848275 A EP07848275 A EP 07848275A EP 2063996 A1 EP2063996 A1 EP 2063996A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- fraction
- screen
- outlet
- ballistic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 369
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010782 bulky waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
- B07B1/14—Roller screens
- B07B1/15—Roller screens using corrugated, grooved or ribbed rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of waste and in particular waste buried in old landfills. Burying waste in old landfills is a major problem in sorting and recycling waste. In fact, the waste is mixed with earth and all kinds of organic matter. In addition, the landfills are often in the open air and the waste most often has a relatively high humidity. Landfills must now meet standards that require protection between landfill waste and natural soil. Old landfills must be emptied and eventually rehabilitated. The problems of landfilling are accompanied by a performance problem.
- a waste sorting and recovery system characterized in that it comprises: a first screen device, called a primary screen, to which the waste extracted from a landfill is conveyed, comprising means for extraction of a waste fraction of a diameter less than a value of between 1 and 5 centimeters, known as fine fraction, discharged to a first output of the primary screen, means for extracting a waste fraction of a diameter greater than a value of between 6 and 10 centimeters, said large fraction, evacuated by a third output of the primary screen to a rolling waste extraction device, the remaining fraction of waste, called the average fraction, being evacuated by a second output of the primary screen to a second screen device, said secondary screen; the rolling waste extraction device comprising an outlet for the disposal of rolling waste and an outlet conveying the remainder of the wide fraction
- the means for extracting the fine fraction of the waste consist of at least one vibrating grid whose mesh has a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters and under which a conveyor recovers the fine fraction to evacuate it by the first output of the primary screen.
- the means for extracting the wide fraction of the waste consist of a plurality of successive vibrating plates comprising a plurality of bars, said fingers, separated from each other by a distance of between 6 and 10 centimeters, the vibrating plates successive steps being arranged at successive levels of less and less high to convey the large fraction to the third output of the primary screen.
- the rolling waste extraction device consists of a first belt conveyor comprising an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end being located at a level lower than the end of the conveyor. outlet, so that the belt conveyor is inclined, the gravity being exerted on the rolling waste allowing their evacuation on a second belt conveyor located under the inlet end of the first conveyor belt, this second conveyor to strip evacuating the rolling waste.
- the crushing means of the mill consists of two rotors driven by a motor, thanks to a hydraulic drive system allowing independent rotation of the two rotors in both directions of rotation, particularly useful in case of jamming or blocking of the mill by a material too strong.
- the crusher comprises flaps located on the lateral edges of the rotors, these flaps being foldable so as to allow unclogging of the mill, when the independent rotation of the rotors in the two directions of rotation does not allow stripping.
- the waste separation means according to their ballistic properties of the secondary screen consist of at least one ballistic table having an inlet end and a waste outlet end, these two ends being animated, thanks to the less a crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement towards the outlet end, shaking the waste and propelling the lightest waste, said plastics, to the second output of the secondary screen, the end of entry of the ballistic table being lower than the exit end, so that the ballistic table is inclined at an angle between 10 and 40 degrees and the heaviest waste, said refusal, down the slope described by the ballistic table, despite the movement of the latter, to be collected and evacuated by the third exit of the secondary screen.
- the waste separation means according to their ballistic properties of the secondary screen consist of a first ballistic table having an inlet end at the same level or substantially lower than the exit end, so that that the first ballistic table is inclined at an angle between 0 and 10 degrees, the output end of the first ballistic table being above an inlet end of a second ballistic table whose end output is substantially higher than its input end, so that the second ballistic table is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 30 degrees and the heaviest waste, said refuse, down the slope described by the second ballistic table, despite the movement of the latter, to be collected and evacuated by the third output of the secondary screen.
- the waste separation means according to their ballistic properties of the secondary screen comprise a third ballistic table having a lower input end than its exit end, so that the third ballistic table is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 40 degrees, the entrance end of this third ballistic table being below the exit end of the second ballistic table, the entry ends of the second and third ballistic tables each being associated with a device for collecting the heaviest waste, said refusal, collected and evacuated by the third output of the secondary screen.
- each ballistic table comprises a plurality of shakers each mounted on a round bearing of the crankshaft and driven in a phase shift movement relative to each other.
- the second output of the secondary screen, discharging the lightest waste comprises a turbine blowing waste at the outlet to separate the plastic fraction of light plastics and heavy plastics, the light plastics are removed and collected higher and / or further than heavy plastics.
- the means for extracting the secondary fine fraction of the secondary screen consist of at least one grid, whose meshs have a spacing of between 1 and 5 centimeters, mounted on at least one ballistic table whose ends are animated. by means of at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotating movement shaking the waste so as to separate the secondary fine fraction from the remainder of the waste, the secondary fine fraction passing through the mesh of the grid to be collected and removed from the secondary screen by a conveyor belt.
- the device for extracting ferrous or metallic waste consists of a belt conveyor under which the refusals coming from the third outlet of the secondary screen are conveyed, the conveyor being provided with an electromagnet and / or a eddy-current device for ejecting ferrous or metallic waste, the remainder of the waste forming a so-called ultimate fraction discharged through an exit conveyor of the ferrous or metal waste extraction device.
- the system comprises a device for sorting the ultimate towards which is conveyed the ultimate fraction by the output conveyor of the ferrous or metal waste extraction device, this ultimate sorting device comprising material detection means and means for evacuating the detected materials.
- the system comprises a star screen to which the secondary fine fraction is conveyed, by the second output of the secondary screen, this star screen comprising a plurality of rollers provided with stars and animated with the same movement of rotation towards the exit of the star screen, this rotation of the star rollers to filter the secondary fine fraction to collect under the rollers that a waste fraction of a diameter smaller than the spacing between the stars, said tertiary fine fraction, discharged by a first exit of the star screen, the remainder of the waste, said secondary plastics being evacuated by a second output of the star screen.
- at least one device among the primary screen, the rolling waste extraction device, the grinder or the secondary screen has a roof for protecting the waste from rain.
- At least one device among the primary screen, the device for extracting the rolling waste, the grinder or the secondary screen comprises a device for drying the waste.
- the waste drying device consists of a heating air turbine.
- the detection means of the ultimate sorting device consist of an infrared detection system making it possible to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction and to separate at least the wood waste, the stone waste and the waste. plastic waste.
- the detection means of the ultimate sorting device consist of a voice frequency detection system making it possible to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction and to separate at least the wood waste, the stone waste. and plastic waste.
- the evacuation means of the ultimate sorting device consist of at least one air jet expelling the detected materials to a dedicated container.
- the evacuation means of the ultimate sorting device consist of at least one hatch opening to expel the detected materials to a dedicated container.
- the system comprises a temporary storage location of the waste, comprising a heating device for drying the waste before transporting it to the primary screen.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method of sorting and recovery of waste to put the old landfills in compliance with the standards in force.
- a process for sorting and recovering waste characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps: extraction of waste from a landfill; separating, by a first screen device, said primary screen, a waste fraction of a diameter less than a value of between 1 and 5 centimeters, referred to as the fine fraction, of a waste fraction with a diameter larger than a value of between 6 and 10 centimeters, called the large fraction, and a residual fraction of waste, called the average fraction, then the discharge of the fine fraction to a first output of the primary screen, of the large fraction by a third output of the screen primary to a device for extracting the rolling waste and the middle fraction by a second output of the primary screen to a second screen device, said secondary screen; separation, among the waste of the large fraction, of the rolling waste by a device for extracting the rolling waste and then evacuation, on the one hand, of the rolling waste towards an exit of the device for extracting the rolling waste and, on the other hand from the remainder of the large fraction by an exit conveying this rest to
- the step of separating the large fraction by the primary screen comprises a step of passing the waste over a plurality of successive vibrating plates comprising a plurality of bars, said fingers, spaced apart from each other. a distance of between 6 and 10 centimeters, the successive vibrating plates being arranged at successive levels of less and less high to convey the wide fraction to the third output of the primary screen.
- the step of separating the fine fraction by the primary screen comprises a step of passing the waste over at least one vibrating grid whose meshes have a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters and under which a Conveyor recovers the fine fraction to evacuate it by the first exit of the primary screen.
- the step of separating the rolling waste comprises a waste passage step on a first conveyor belt having an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end being located at a higher level. lower than the outlet end, so that the first conveyor belt is inclined, the gravity being exerted on the rolling waste allowing their evacuation on a second conveyor belt located under the inlet end of the first conveyor with band and evacuating the rolling waste.
- the grinding step consists of a passage of waste between two rotors driven by an engine, thanks to hydraulic drive system for independent rotation of both rotors in both directions of rotation.
- the grinding step comprises a possible crushing step of the crusher through a rotation in the opposite direction of at least one of the two rotors and / or a flap of flaps located on the lateral edges of the rotors.
- the step of ballistic separation of the crushed fraction and the average fraction by the secondary screen comprises a waste passage step on at least one ballistic table having an inlet end and a waste outlet end these two ends being driven, thanks to at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement towards the outlet end, shaking the waste and propelling the lightest waste, said plastics, to the second secondary screen exit, the ballistic table entrance end being lower than the exit end, so that the ballistic table is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 40 degrees and the waste heavier, called refusal, descend the slope described by the ballistic table, despite the movement of the latter, to be collected and evacuated by the third exit of the sieve secondary.
- the step of ballistic separation of the crushed fraction and the average fraction by the secondary screen comprises a waste passage step on a first ballistic table having an inlet end at the same level or substantially lower than the exit end, so that the first ballistic table is inclined at an angle between 0 and 10 degrees, followed by a step of passing a remaining fraction of the waste on a second ballistic table of which the inlet end is below the exit end of the first ballistic table, the exit end of the second ballistic table being substantially higher than its entry end, so that the second table ballistic is inclined at an angle between 10 and 30 degrees and that the heaviest waste, said refusal, down the slope described by the second ballistic table, despite the movement of the latter, to be collected and evacuated by the third exit of the secondary screen.
- the step of ballistic separation of the crushed fraction and the average fraction by the secondary screen comprises an additional step of passing the remaining fraction of waste onto a third ballistic table having a lower input end than its output end, so that the third ballistic table is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 40 degrees, the input end of the third ballistic table being below the output end of the second ballistic table, the entrance ends of the second and third ballistic tables each being associated with a device for collecting the heaviest waste, said refusal, collected and discharged by the third output of the secondary screen.
- the step of evacuation of the lightest waste by the second output of the secondary screen comprises a waste propulsion step by a turbine separating the plastic fraction of light plastics and heavy plastics, the light plastics being carried away and collected higher and / or further than heavy plastics.
- the step of separating the secondary fine fraction by the secondary sieve comprises at least one step of passage of the waste on at least one grid, whose meshes have a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters, mounted on least a ballistic table whose ends are animated, thanks to at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement shaking the waste so as to separate the secondary fine fraction from the rest of the waste, the secondary fine fraction passing through the meshes of the grid to be collected and removed from the secondary screen by a conveyor belt.
- the step of separation of ferrous or metallic waste by the ferrous or metal waste extraction device comprises a waste passage step, called a refusal, under a belt conveyor provided with an electromagnet and / or of an eddy current device for ejecting ferrous or metallic waste, the rest of the waste forming a fraction, said ultimate, evacuated by an output conveyor of the ferrous or metal waste extraction device.
- the method comprises an additional step of sorting the ultimate by an ultimate sorting device comprising means for detecting materials and means for evacuating the detected materials.
- the method comprises an additional step of separating the secondary fine fraction by a star screen comprising a plurality of rollers provided with stars and driven in the same rotational movement toward the exit of the star screen.
- a star screen comprising a plurality of rollers provided with stars and driven in the same rotational movement toward the exit of the star screen.
- the method comprises a step of protecting rain waste, consisting of laying at least one roof on at least one device among the primary screen, the rolling waste extraction device, the grinder or the secondary screen.
- the method comprises a step of drying the waste by at least one waste drying device mounted on at least one of the primary screen, the rolling waste extraction device, the mill or the secondary screen.
- the waste drying step consists of a waste passage in front of a heating air turbine of the waste drying device.
- the final sorting step by an ultimate sorting device comprises a waste passage step in front of an infrared detection system making it possible to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction and at least one step disposal of wood waste, stone waste and plastic waste.
- the final sorting step by an ultimate sorting device comprises a waste passage step in front of a voice frequency detection system making it possible to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction and at least one step of disposal of wood waste, stone waste and plastic waste.
- the waste disposal step during the final sorting step by an ultimate sorting device comprises a step of producing at least one air jet expelling the detected materials to a container dedicated.
- the waste disposal step during the final sorting step by a final sorting device comprises a step of opening at least one hatch opening to expel the detected materials to a dedicated container.
- the waste extraction step comprises a step of temporary storage and drying of the waste, on a temporary storage location comprising a heating device for drying the waste prior to their transport to the primary screen.
- the waste extraction step comprises the following steps: emptying of the discharge; - equalization of the bottom and edges of the discharge; clay deposit; laying a geotextile, then a geomembrane, then an anti-punching geotextile protecting the geomembrane of any contending waste; - installation of a collection network of percolation water through the landfill, called leachate, then a pumping well; filling the hole formed by the discharged discharge, to a level close to the natural ground level.
- the step of evacuation of the fine fraction by the first exit of the primary screen and / or the step of evacuation of the tertiary fine fraction are associated with a step of conveying these fine fractions with a view to their reuse, the step of filling the discharge is preceded by a step of depositing a portion of the fine fraction or the tertiary fine fraction on the bottom and the edges of the hole formed by the empty discharge.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the empty discharge is associated with a step of laying a gas collection network.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge is followed by a step of laying a homogeneous layer of shredded tires close to the level of the natural ground, to form a layer substantially impervious to gases.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge is followed by a step of depositing a layer of soil, then planting grass.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge consists in filling the discharge with new waste, possibly mixed with a part of the fine fraction and / or of the tertiary fine fraction and / or with refusal of automobile grinding, so-called RBA.
- the step of laying the leachate collecting network is associated with a step of pumping leachate.
- the step of pumping leachates is associated with a step of watering the discharge with the leachates pumped.
- the step of laying a gas collection network is associated with a step of harvesting the gases and producing energy from the harvested gas.
- FIG. 1 represents the system for sorting and recovering waste according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 represents the primary screen of the waste sorting and recycling system according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 represents the rolling waste extraction device and the crusher of the waste sorting and recycling system according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 represents the secondary screen and the device for extracting ferrous or metallic waste from the waste sorting and recycling system according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5A represents the device for extracting waste; ferrous or metallic and the ultimate sorting device of the waste sorting and recycling system according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5B represents the device for sorting the secondary fine fraction of the sorting and recovery system of waste according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show perspective views of a discharge, respectively, during the implementation and after implementation of the waste sorting and recycling method according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 represents the main steps of the waste sorting and recycling method according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the present invention relates to a method and system for sorting and recovering waste.
- the invention is particularly applicable to old landfills in which the waste has been buried for several years.
- the invention will also apply to other types of landfills, the burial of waste being a major problem in the sorting and recovery of materials present in landfills.
- the present invention allows the different devices to have a variable template depending on the desired production.
- the various devices may also be road-sized and equipped with wheels or other means for their movement.
- the invention is particularly suitable for putting the old landfill dumps in compliance with the standards in force.
- the waste is extracted from the landfill, for example by a crane (101), and is conveyed to a first screen device, called a primary screen (10).
- This primary screen (10) separates the waste according to their size, thanks in particular to means (15) of waste extraction of a diameter less than a value of between 1 and 5 centimeters, said fine fraction (1).
- the fine fraction (10) is generally composed mainly of organic materials called "fines".
- the fine fraction (1) is removed from the primary screen by a first outlet (11), for example a belt conveyor at the end of which is disposed a suitable container (CS) temporary storage.
- the fine fraction (1) can of course simply be evacuated from the ground.
- the term "outlet” applied to a device here refers to the disposal of waste outside this device. This output may naturally correspond to any type of known conveying device, such as hoppers or conveyor belts, or even the absence of conveying device.
- the primary screen (10) also comprises means (14) for extracting a waste fraction of a diameter greater than a value of between 6 and 10 centimeters, said wide fraction (3). The large fraction is removed from the primary screen (10) by a third outlet (13) to a device (20) for extracting the rolling waste and then to a mill (30).
- the remaining fraction of waste is evacuated by a second outlet (12) of the primary screen to a second screen device, said secondary screen (40).
- This average fraction will be constituted, according to the chosen sorting scale, waste of a size of the order of 2 to 9 centimeters in diameter.
- the primary screen (10) may consist, for example, in a device approximating those described in patent applications WO 90/04466 and WO 96/03225.
- the means (14) for extracting the wide fraction (3) of the waste may consist of a plurality of successive vibrating plates comprising a plurality of bars, said fingers, separated from each other by a distance of between 6 and 10 centimeters. These successive vibrating plates will be arranged in steps.
- the primary screen (10) comprises means (15) for extracting the fine fraction (1).
- These means may consist of at least one vibrating grid whose meshes have a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters. The meshes of this vibrating grid will be able example to have a spacing between them of 3 centimeters, this size being particularly adapted to sort the organic materials.
- the fine fraction (1) is recovered, for example by a conveyor belt, to be evacuated by the first outlet (11) of the primary screen (10), as mentioned above.
- the device (20) for extracting the rolling waste may consist, for example, in a belt conveyor (21), conveying the waste from an inlet end to an outlet end, the inlet end being more lower than the output end, so that the belt conveyor (21) is inclined at a variable angle depending on the nature of the waste. An operator can adjust the angle of inclination to obtain a good separation of the rolling waste, according to the content of the waste in bulky materials, in plastics, in humidity, etc.
- this inclined-belt conveyor (21) may be equipped on the waste transport surface with projecting chevrons or other protruding forms so as to retain the non-rolling waste, while evacuating those rolling easily.
- the conveyor may be smooth to ensure that all the rolling waste is well evacuated.
- the gravity is naturally exerted on the rolling waste which is evacuated by themselves on a second belt conveyor (22) located under the inlet end of the first belt conveyor (21).
- the rolling waste is thus evacuated by the second conveyor belt (22), for example to a suitable container.
- the large fraction (3) thus freed from the rolling waste (4) is conveyed to the outlet end of the device (20) for extracting the rolling waste towards the mill (30).
- the mill (30) comprises grinding means (31) reducing the size of the waste to transform the broad fraction (3) into a comminuted fraction (3 ').
- the grinding means (31) may consist, for example, of two rotors (31) driven by a motor (33), by means of a hydraulic drive system (32).
- the hydraulic drive system (32) allows independent rotation of the two rotors (31) in both directions of rotation. This independent rotation is particularly useful in case of jamming or blocking of grinder (30) with a material that is too strong and allows the cleaning by rotation in the opposite direction of at least one of the grinders or both.
- the mill (30) may comprise near its lateral edges, on the side of the two rotors (31), flaps (34) foldable to allow unclogging of the mill (30) when the independent rotation of the rotors (31) does not allow stripping.
- the ground fraction (3 ') is discharged from the mill (30) through an outlet (35) towards the secondary screen (40).
- the average fraction (2) isolated by the primary screen (10) here joins the ground fraction (3 ') at the secondary screen (40).
- the secondary screen (40) may consist, for example, in a device approximating those described in EP 1138401 B1 and EP 1166896 B1.
- the waste separation means (41) according to their ballistic properties of the secondary screen (40) consist of at least one ballistic table (41) having an inlet end and a waste outlet end, these two ends being driven, with at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement towards the output end. This rotational movement of the table (41) ballistic shakes waste and propels the lightest waste, said plastics (5, 6) to the second outlet (44) of the secondary screen (40).
- the entrance end of the ballistic table (41) is lower than the exit end, so that the ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 40 degrees.
- the waste separation means (41) according to their ballistic properties of the secondary screen (40) consist of two successive ballistic tables (41), each having an entrance end and a exit end.
- the entry end is at the same level or substantially lower than the exit end, so that the first ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle between 0 and 10 degrees.
- the exit end of the first ballistic table (41) is above the entry end of the second ballistic table (41).
- the output end of this second table is substantially higher than its input end, so that the second ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle between 10 and 30 degrees.
- the secondary screen (40) has a third ballistic table (41) having a lower input end than its output end. This third table will be inclined at an angle of between 10 and 40 degrees, the input end of the third table (41) ballistic being below the output end of the second table (41) ballistic.
- each ballistic table (41) comprises a plurality of shakers each mounted on a round bearing of the crankshaft and moved in phase shift relative to one another. This arrangement of the shakers of each table allows the waste to be strongly stirred by the movements of the shakers.
- the second outlet (44) of the secondary screen (40), evacuating the lighter waste comprises a turbine blowing the waste at the outlet.
- the turbine By the term turbine, one enter here any type of device delivering a sufficient air pressure to carry the light waste during their fall.
- This turbine makes it possible to separate the plastic fraction (5, 6) in two.
- a first part of this fraction is composed of light plastics (5), such as plastic bottles (often crushed), plastic bags, but also various materials with the same lightness.
- a second part of this fraction is composed of heavy plastics (6) such as carpets etc.
- the light plastics (5) will be carried away and collected higher and / or further than the heavy plastics (6) and two storage containers (CS) suitable for collecting the two types of plastics (5, 6) can be arranged separately.
- the secondary screen also comprises means (410) for extracting the secondary fine fraction (7).
- These means (410) extraction may consist of at least one gate (410), whose mesh has a spacing of between 1 and 5 centimeters.
- the meshes of this grid may have a distance between them of 3 centimeters, as in the primary screen (10).
- the grid (410) will be mounted on the ballistic table (41) driven in a rotating motion shaking the waste.
- each shaker has such a grid on its upper surface in contact with the waste.
- the secondary fine fraction (7) passes through the grills of each shaker while the rest of the waste is propelled to the output of the secondary screen by the movement of the ballistic table (41).
- the secondary fine fraction (7) therefore passes through the mesh of the grid to be collected and removed from the secondary screen (40) by the first outlet (42) of the primary screen.
- this output may consist of a belt conveyor (420) located below each ballistic table (41), to evacuate the secondary fine fraction (7) that they have isolated towards a conveyor harvesting machine (421) conveying it to the outlet consisting for example of a conveyor belt (42).
- the primary (10) and secondary (40) screens will of course have been adapted to the present invention, from the known devices of the prior art, both in terms of their dimensions and the materials constituting them because the waste buried in landfills are, among other things, heavy and abrasive.
- These primary (10) and secondary (40) screens may also consist of trommels with variable particle size, for example such as those described in patent applications FR 2 837 728 or FR 2 764 526.
- the invention allows that these trommels or other sorting devices complement the devices described here by example to further refine the screen at each separation station of different types of waste.
- the refusals discharged by the third outlet (43) of the secondary screen (40) are then conveyed to a device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste.
- This device (50) may consist of a belt conveyor (51) or a known “omeric" type system, under which are conveyed refusals.
- This conveyor will be provided with an electromagnet (52) and / or an eddy current device for ejecting ferrous or metallic waste (8).
- the remaining waste, forming a fraction, said ultimate (9) will be evacuated by a conveyor (53) outlet of the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste.
- the conveyor (43) output of the secondary screen (40) and the conveyor (53) outlet of the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste may consist of a single conveyor passing underneath conveyor provided with an electromagnet (52) and / or an eddy current device.
- the system may also include a device (70) for sorting the ultimate.
- the conveyor (53) output from the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste will convey the ultimate fraction (9) to this device (70) of ultimate sorting means (71) for detecting materials and means (72) evacuation of the detected materials.
- the means (71) for detecting the ultimate sorting device (70) consist of an infrared detection system making it possible to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction (9) and to separate the waste into wood (91), stone waste (92) and plastic waste (93).
- these detection means (71) consist of a voice frequency detection system.
- the means (72) for evacuation may, in two embodiments, consist of at least one air jet or at least one hatch, to expel the detected materials to a container (CS) dedicated.
- the system may also include a device for screening the secondary fine fraction (7).
- this device may consist of a star screen (60) to which is conveyed the secondary fine fraction (7) by the second outlet (42) of the secondary screen (40).
- this star screen (60) may comprise a plurality of rollers (61) provided with stars (62) and driven in a same rotational movement toward the exit of the star screen (60) .
- This rotation of the rollers (61) with stars (62) makes it possible to filter the secondary fine fraction (7) to collect under the rollers (61) only a fraction of waste, called the tertiary fine fraction (7 '), of a diameter smaller than the spacing between the stars (62).
- This tertiary fine fraction (7 ') will then be evacuated by a first outlet (63) of the star screen (60), the remainder of the waste, said secondary plastics (5') being evacuated by a second outlet (64) of the sieve. star (60).
- the humidity of the waste is a major problem in the sorting of waste. This is why the invention provides that at least one of the primary screen (10), the rolling waste extraction device (20), the mill (30) or the secondary screen (40) has a device ( 45) of drying the waste.
- This device (45) of waste drying may consist for example of a hot air turbine or any other type of heating device and / or providing sufficient air pressure to allow drying of the waste.
- at least one of the primary screen (10), the device (20) for extracting the rolling waste, the mill (30) or the secondary screen (40) may include a roof to protect the waste of the rain.
- the invention also provides a location (100) for temporary storage of waste, comprising a heating device (80).
- This heating device allows a drying of the waste prior to their transportation to the primary screen (10) and optimizes the sorting capabilities of the system. It may consist, for example, simply in a network of pipes in which circulates hot water.
- the present invention of waste sorting and recovery system thus makes it possible to empty the old landfills and to recover the materials constituting the waste.
- the different insulated materials can then be resold and / or allow energy production.
- some of the isolated materials such as plastics (5) for example, can be washed in order to increase their resale price.
- plastics (5) can also be directly put in press.
- the system described here makes it possible to implement a work of sorting and recycling waste according to the invention. This process even makes it possible to rehabilitate old waste dumps, bringing them into compliance with the standards in force.
- the system can be complemented by the elements described below for the compliance of the empty discharge of these buried waste.
- the present method of sorting and recovering waste comprises a step of extracting (161) waste from a landfill (150).
- This step of extraction (161) waste may be accompanied by a temporary storage step and drying of waste.
- a temporary storage location (100) may include a heating device (80) allowing the waste to be dried prior to being conveyed to the primary screen (10).
- the method comprises a step of separating (162) the fine fraction (1), the broad fraction (3) and the average fraction (2) by the primary screen (10).
- the waste thus separated is then directed towards the rest of the system by a step of evacuation (163) of the fine fraction (1) to a first outlet (11) of the primary screen (10), of the large fraction (3) by a third outlet (13) of the primary screen (10) to a device (20) for extracting the rolling waste and the middle fraction by a second outlet (12) of the primary screen (10) to the secondary screen (40) .
- the wide fraction (3) will then be freed of the rolling waste (4) by a separation step (164) rolling waste (4) among the waste of the large fraction (3), by a device (20) for extracting the rolling waste.
- step of evacuation (165), on the one hand, of the rolling waste (4) to an outlet (22) of the device (20) for extracting the rolling waste and, on the other hand, of the rest of the wide fraction (3) through an outlet (21) conveying this residue to a mill (30).
- a milling step (166) of the remainder of the large fraction (3) by the mill (30) produces a milled fraction (3 '), which is then evacuated (167) to the secondary sieve (40) via an outlet (35) the mill (30).
- the secondary screen (40) then allows a ballistic separation (168) of the milled fraction (3 ') and the average fraction (2), then an evacuation (169) of the secondary fine fraction (7) to a first outlet ( 42) of the secondary screen (40), plastics (5, 6) to a second outlet (44) and refusals, by a third outlet (43), to a device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste.
- the refusals then undergo a separation (170) of the ferrous or metallic waste by the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste, then an evacuation (171) of the rest of the waste, called the ultimate fraction (9) by an outlet ( 53) of the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste.
- the step of separating (162) the wide fraction (3) by the primary screen (10) comprises a step of passing the waste over a plurality of successive vibrating plates comprising a plurality of bars, said fingers, spaced apart between them a distance of between 6 and 10 centimeters, the successive vibrating plates being arranged at successive levels of less and less high to convey the wide fraction (3) to the third output (13) of the primary screen (10).
- the step of separating (162) the fine fraction (1) by the primary screen (10) comprises a step of passing the waste over at least one vibrating grid (15) whose meshes have a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters and under which a conveyor recovers the fine fraction (1) to evacuate it by the first output of the primary screen (10).
- the step of separating (164) the rolling waste comprises a step of passing the waste on a first belt conveyor (21) comprising an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end being located at a lower level than the outlet end, so that the first belt conveyor (21) is inclined.
- the gravity is then exerted on the rolling waste and allows their evacuation (165) on a second belt conveyor (22) located under the inlet end of the first belt conveyor (21) and evacuating the rolling waste (4) .
- the step (166) of grinding consists of a passage of the waste between two rotors (31) driven by a motor (33), thanks to hydraulic drive system (32) allowing independent rotation of the two rotors (31) in the two directions of rotation.
- This grinding step (166) comprises a possible crushing step of the grinder (30) thanks to a rotation in opposite direction of at least one of the two rotors (31) and / or a flap flap (34) located on the edges lateral rotors (31).
- the ballistic separation step (168) of the crushed fraction (3 ') and of the average fraction (2) by the secondary screen (40) comprises a step of passage of the waste on at least one ballistic table (41) comprising a inlet end and a waste outlet end, both ends being driven, by at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement towards the outlet end.
- the ballistic separation step (168) of the ground fraction (3 ') and the average fraction (2) by the secondary screen (40) comprises a step waste passage on a first ballistic table (41) having an inlet end at the same level or substantially lower than the exit end, so that the first ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle of between 0 and 10 degrees, followed by a step of passing a remaining fraction of the waste on a second table (41) ballistic whose end is found below the exit end of the first ballistic table (41).
- the output end of the second ballistic table (41) is substantially higher than its input end, so that the second ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle of between 10 and 30 degrees.
- the ballistic separation step (168) of the ground fraction (3 ') and the average fraction (2) by the secondary screen (40) comprises a step additional passage of the remaining fraction of the waste on a third table (41) ballistic having an inlet end lower than its outlet end, so that the third ballistic table (41) is inclined at an angle between 10 and 40 degrees, the entrance end of the third ballistic table (41) being below the exit end of the second ballistic table (41), the entry ends of the second and third tables (41) ballistic each being associated with a device for collecting the heaviest waste, said refusal, collected and discharged through the third outlet (43) of the secondary screen (40).
- the step of separating (168) the secondary fine fraction (7) by the secondary screen (40) comprises at least one step of passage of the waste on at least one grid (410), the meshes have a spacing between 1 and 5 centimeters, mounted on at least one ballistic table (41) whose ends are driven, by at least one crankshaft driven by a motor, a rotational movement shaking the waste so as to separate the secondary fine fraction (7). ) of the rest of the waste, the secondary fine fraction (7) passing through the mesh of the grid to be collected and removed from the secondary screen (40) by a conveyor belt (42).
- the step of evacuating (169) the lighter waste by the second outlet (44) of the secondary screen (40) comprises a step of propulsion of waste by a turbine separating the plastic fraction (5, 6) of light plastics (5) and heavy plastics (6), the light plastics (5) being carried away and collected higher and / or further than the heavy plastics (6).
- the step (170) for separating the ferrous or metallic waste by the device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste comprises a step of passing the waste, said refusal, under a belt conveyor (51) provided with a electromagnet (52) or an eddy-current device for ejecting ferrous or metallic waste (8), the remainder of the waste forming a so-called ultimate fraction (9) discharged by an output conveyor (53) device (50) for extracting ferrous or metallic waste.
- the method according to one embodiment of the invention comprises an additional step of sorting (172) the ultimate (9) by a device (70) for sorting the ultimate having means (71) for detecting materials and means (72). ) evacuation of detected materials.
- This sorting step (172) of the ultimate (9), by a device (70) for sorting the ultimate may include a waste passage step in front of an infrared detection system or a voice frequency detection system to recognize the nature of the materials present in the ultimate fraction (9) and at least one wood waste disposal step (91), stone waste (92) and plastic waste (93), by producing at least one air jet expelling the detected materials to a dedicated container or by opening at least one hatch.
- the method also comprises an additional step of separating (173) the secondary fine fraction (7) by a star screen (60) having a plurality of rollers (61) provided with stars (62) and animated in the same rotational movement toward the output of the star screen (60).
- This rotation of the rollers (61) with stars (62) for filtering the secondary fine fraction (7) to collect under the rollers (61) a waste fraction of a diameter less than the spacing between the stars ( 62), said tertiary fine fraction (7 '), evacuated by a first outlet (63) of the sieve to star (60), the rest of the waste, said secondary plastics (5 ') being discharged through a second outlet (64) of the star screen (60).
- the method may include a step of drying the waste by at least one device (45) for drying the waste mounted on at least one of the primary screen (10), the device (20) ) of rolling waste disposal, the crusher
- This step of drying (175) the waste may consist simply of a passage of the waste in front of a heating air turbine of the device (45) for drying the waste or before any type of heating device and / or delivering a sufficient air pressure to allow drying of the waste.
- a step of protecting waste against rain consisting of laying at least one roof on at least one device among the primary screen (10), the device (20) for extracting the rolling waste, the mill (30) or the secondary screen (40) will further reduce the adverse effects of moisture.
- the waste extraction stage (161) may comprise the following stages: - emptying of the landfill (150); equalizing the bottom (152) and the edges (151) of the discharge (150); clay deposit; laying a geotextile, then a geomembrane, then an anti-punching geotextile protecting the geomembrane of any contending waste; installing a network (951) collecting percolation water through the discharge (150), said leachate, and a well (950) pumping; filling the hole formed by the empty discharge (150) to a level close to the natural ground level (155).
- the evacuation step (63) of the fine fraction (1) by the first outlet (11) of the primary screen (10) and / or the step of evacuation of the tertiary fine fraction (7 ') are associated with a step of conveying these fine fractions (1, T) for reuse.
- the laying step of the leachate collecting network (951) may be associated with a step of leachate pumping.
- the step of pumping leachates may be associated with a step of watering the landfill (150) with the leachates pumped.
- the step of filling the discharge (150) is preceded by a step of depositing a portion of the fine fraction (1) or the tertiary fine fraction (7 ') on the bottom (152) and the edges ( 151) of the hole formed by the discharge (150) emptied.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge (150) emptied may be associated with a step of laying a network (952) for collecting gases. It may also be followed by a step of laying a homogeneous layer of shredded tires close to the natural ground level, to form a layer substantially impervious to gases. This layer allows the gases to flow under the surface of the discharge and prevents these gases from escaping and produce a characteristic unpleasant odor.
- the step of laying a network (952) for collecting gases may be associated with a gas harvesting step and energy production from the harvested gas. If the discharge is intended to no longer be a discharge, the networks (951, 952) will not be needed. In this case, or even in the case where the discharge remains a discharge, but rehabilitated, the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge (150) may be followed by a step of depositing a layer of earth, then planting grass.
- the step of filling the hole formed by the discharge (150) will consist of filling the discharge (150) with new waste, possibly mixed with a part of the fine fraction (1) and / or the tertiary fine fraction (7 ') and / or with automotive grinding rejection materials, so-called RBA.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0608325A FR2906166B1 (fr) | 2006-09-22 | 2006-09-22 | Systeme et procede de tri et de valorisation de dechets enfouis |
| PCT/FR2007/001546 WO2008034979A1 (fr) | 2006-09-22 | 2007-09-21 | Systeme et procede de tri et de valorisation de dechets enfouis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2063996A1 true EP2063996A1 (fr) | 2009-06-03 |
Family
ID=38057341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07848275A Withdrawn EP2063996A1 (fr) | 2006-09-22 | 2007-09-21 | Systeme et procede de tri et de valorisation de dechets enfouis |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2063996A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2906166B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008034979A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2536062C1 (ru) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-12-20 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет" | Материал для рекультивации полигонов твердых бытовых отходов и карьеров |
| CN110420981B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-10-29 | 绿之缘环境产业集团有限公司 | 一种通过旋转产生气压分筛的土壤修复器 |
| CN111644266B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2024-08-09 | 福建南方路面机械股份有限公司 | 一种具有预筛分功能的浮选机及工作方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0734292A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-17 | 1996-10-02 | Biosafe Landfill Technology, Inc. | Reamenagement des decharges |
| FR2764526B1 (fr) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-10-15 | Distrag | Installation mobile polyvalente de traitement sur site de dechets d'origine menagere |
| US6389747B1 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2002-05-21 | Larry Chang | Process for reducing an existing landfill |
| FR2837728B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-27 | 2008-04-11 | T E A | Dispositif destine a extraire trier les dechets industriels/ menagers des decharges exploitees/fermees permettant leur valorisation/stockage et la rehabilitation des centres d'enfouissage |
-
2006
- 2006-09-22 FR FR0608325A patent/FR2906166B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-09-21 WO PCT/FR2007/001546 patent/WO2008034979A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-21 EP EP07848275A patent/EP2063996A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008034979A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2906166B1 (fr) | 2009-01-09 |
| FR2906166A1 (fr) | 2008-03-28 |
| WO2008034979A1 (fr) | 2008-03-27 |
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