EP2195383A2 - Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifs - Google Patents
Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2195383A2 EP2195383A2 EP08842341A EP08842341A EP2195383A2 EP 2195383 A2 EP2195383 A2 EP 2195383A2 EP 08842341 A EP08842341 A EP 08842341A EP 08842341 A EP08842341 A EP 08842341A EP 2195383 A2 EP2195383 A2 EP 2195383A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- resin
- equal
- less
- resin composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 alicyclic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZRCMGIXRGFOXNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7a-ethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-c][1,3]oxazole Chemical compound C1OCN2COCC21CC ZRCMGIXRGFOXNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LIKGLDATLCWEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl)-1,3-oxazolidine Chemical compound CCN1CCOC1(C)CCC(C)C LIKGLDATLCWEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical class C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OLQJQHSAWMFDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Chemical group OCC(CO)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O OLQJQHSAWMFDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-xylenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(O)=C1 TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002917 oxazolidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGFKTAMJLKHRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde Chemical compound COC(OC)C=O OGFKTAMJLKHRAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HMOZDINWBHMBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2OCCN=2)=C1 HMOZDINWBHMBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WADSJYLPJPTMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(cycloundecen-1-yl)-1,2-diazacycloundec-2-ene Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCC=C1C1=NNCCCCCCCC1 WADSJYLPJPTMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFZGEKLXSRMCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxysilylpropane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound NC(CC[SiH2]OCC)N YFZGEKLXSRMCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004901 trioxanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 2
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GKOPXGXLFSTRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-benzyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=NC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GKOPXGXLFSTRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJUFSDZVCOTFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratraldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1OC WJUFSDZVCOTFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIPMDPDAFINLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethanol Chemical compound OCC[N+]([O-])=O KIPMDPDAFINLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLDOYAKRUVXJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pentadeca-1,3-dienylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 YLDOYAKRUVXJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001867 guaiacol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011134 resol-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010435 syenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid resin composition suitable for use in the manufacture of abrasive articles, and to the resulting abrasive articles.
- Abrasive articles in general contain a multitude of abrasive grains securely bonded to a carrier or to each other via a binder. These articles are widely used for the machining of various materials, especially in cutting, grinding, deburring and polishing operations.
- abrasive coated abrasives and abrasive bonded abrasives are distinguished.
- the abrasives applied comprise a support material, generally flexible, on the surface of which are distributed abrasive grains embedded in a binder.
- the flexible support may be a sheet of paper, a film or a network of fibers, for example a mat, a felt, a fabric or a knit of natural or synthetic fibers, in particular made of glass or a polymer.
- These abrasives can take various forms: sheets, strips, discs, etc.
- the manufacture of the coated abrasives includes the application of a base coat ("make coat”) on the support material, the distribution of the grains of abrasives on said layer, the heat treatment of the base adhesive layer to partially cure it and the application of a top adhesive layer ("size coat”) which ensures a firm anchoring of the grains on the support.
- a base coat (“make coat")
- size coat a top adhesive layer which ensures a firm anchoring of the grains on the support.
- An additional adhesive layer (“supersize coat”) may be deposited on the upper adhesive layer and the abrasive grains.
- the base, top and extra adhesive layers are applied in liquid form. They are generally made of a thermosetting resin, in particular a phenolic resin of resol type.
- the agglomerated abrasives consist of abrasive grains bonded together by a binder which provides a three-dimensional structure adapted to ensure the abrasion operations, including the cutting of hard materials such as steel. Generally, these abrasives have the appearance of a grinding wheel, a grinding wheel segment and a whetstone.
- Agglomerated abrasives in the form of "conventional" grinding wheels consist of a single region composed of abrasive grains embedded in the binder which extends from the bore to the periphery of the grinding wheel.
- the abrasion region is located in the periphery, in the form of a strip supported by a central core generally made of metal, and the abrasive grains consist of a very hard material, for example diamond or cubic boron nitride.
- Agglomerated abrasives are obtained by the process using compression molding techniques, cold or hot.
- cold compression molding (“CoId Molding
- Compression the most widespread, the mixture of constituents of the abrasive, in granular form, is introduced into a mold, then a sufficient compressive force is applied, of the order of 15 to 25 N / mm 2 , for placing said mixture in the shape of the mold and ensuring that after extraction of the mold, the piece obtained (green part or "green item") has sufficient strength to be manipulated without losing its original shape.
- the part is then heated in an oven at a temperature to crosslink the binder, this temperature depending on the nature of the binder used.
- Hot compression molding achieves a higher compaction level than cold molding, which results in a smaller pore volume in the final article.
- the granular mixture introduced into the mold is compacted under pressure and heated simultaneously in order to allow the binder to be better distributed between the abrasive grains and to occupy the empty spaces.
- the part After being removed from the mold, the part generally undergoes a post-crosslinking heat treatment to improve its operating life and abrasion performance.
- the granular mixture is prepared by pre-treating the abrasive grains with a liquid impregnating resin, usually a resol type phenolic resin, and then mixing the wet grains with a novolak type phenolic resin powder containing a crosslinking agent - powder which will subsequently constitute the binder itself - and optionally additives, also in powder form.
- a liquid impregnating resin usually a resol type phenolic resin
- a novolak type phenolic resin powder containing a crosslinking agent - powder which will subsequently constitute the binder itself - and optionally additives, also in powder form.
- the resulting mixture thus consists of abrasive grains on the surface of which are adhered solid particles of resin and additives.
- This mixture has a good ability to be uniformly distributed in the mold (called "flowability") and to be shaped under the effect of pressure.
- thermosetting resins used for the manufacture of coated and agglomerated abrasives have numerous advantages in the intended use conditions, in particular: they ensure a solid connection of the grains with the support material and grains between them,
- a disadvantage of the aforementioned resols is that they contain formaldehyde detrimental to human health and the environment.
- the resols contain free formaldehyde which can be emitted into the atmosphere during the manufacture of the abrasives, and that they can further generate formaldehyde under the conditions of use of the abrasive, when the temperature reaches a level leading to the degradation of the resol with release of formaldehyde.
- WO 2005/108454 A1 discloses a novolac resin and non-formaldehyde hardener composition for reinforcing composite materials.
- a polymerizable abrasive composition which comprises an aminoplast resin and a reactive diluent which each contain pendant unsaturated groups.
- US 5,178,646 discloses a binder precursor composition for abrasives, especially coated, which comprises a heat-curable resin having a plurality of pendant methylol groups and a reactive diluent having at least one functional group that reacts with the groups of the resin.
- the present invention aims to reduce the amount of formaldehyde in an abrasive product.
- the invention proposes a liquid resin composition which replaces the resole used as an adhesive in the coated abrasives and as an impregnating resin in the agglomerated abrasives, this liquid resin composition being characterized in that it comprises at least one novolak resin having a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C., at least one reactive diluent and optionally at least one crosslinking agent.
- the novolac resin according to the invention is chosen from novolaks having a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 50 ° C. and advantageously of between 35 ° and 45 ° C.
- the novolak may be selected from novolacs known to those skilled in the art which are obtained by reaction of a phenolic compound and an aldehyde in an aldehyde / phenolic compound molar ratio of less than 1, in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- the phenol compound is chosen from phenol and substituted phenols such as cresols, guaiacol, methoxyphenols, catechol, resorcinol, tert-butyl phenol and nonyl phenol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A, naphthols and mixtures of these compounds.
- the phenol is selected.
- the aldehyde is selected from alicyclic aldehydes such as formaldehyde, cyclic aldehydes such as furfural, aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, para-anisaldehyde, orthoaldehyde and the like. anisaldehyde and veratraldehyde, and mixtures of these aldehydes.
- the formaldehyde is chosen.
- the formaldehyde / phenol molar ratio ranges from 0.2 to less than 1, advantageously from 0.35 to 0.9, and more preferably from 0.5 to 0.9.
- the novolak resin may be prepared using a known acidic catalyst, for example a strong mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, or an organic acid such as oxalic acid, acid salicylic acid or anhydrides such as maleic anhydride.
- the amount of acid should be sufficient to allow the condensation of the phenolic compound and the aldehyde.
- the amount of acid used generally represents 0.02 and 1% of the weight of the starting phenolic compound, preferably 0.1 to 0.6% in the case of a strong mineral acid, and 0.3 to 3% of the weight of the starting phenolic compound in the case of an organic acid.
- the novolac resin obtained at the end of the condensation reaction is treated so as to reduce the content of free phenolic compound, for example by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the novolaks that can be used in the context of the invention contain less than 0.1% by weight of free formaldehyde, and preferably less than 0.05%.
- the resin composition may comprise at least one resin capable of reacting with the crosslinking agent different from the novolac, for example an epoxy resin, in particular a novolac resin bearing one or more pendant epoxy groups.
- Such epoxidized novolac resin may be obtained in conventional manner by treating a novolak resin with an excess of epichlorohydrin in the presence of a basic catalyst, e.g. sodium hydroxide, at a temperature of about 100 0 C.
- the proportion of novolac resin according to the invention must however remain greater than or equal to 50% by weight of all the resins, novolac (s) and other (s), preferably greater than or equal to 75% and advantageously the proportion is equal to 100%.
- the novolak resin according to the invention represents at least 30% by weight of the resin composition, preferably at least 40%, advantageously at least 50%, and does not exceed 85%.
- the reactive diluent according to the invention is a liquid compound at ambient temperature, of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, which makes it possible to solubilize the novolak resin and to adjust the viscosity of the resin composition.
- the reactive diluent has a viscosity of less than or equal to 1000 mPa.s, preferably less than or equal to 700 mPa.s, preferably less than 500 mPa.s and more preferably less than 350 mPa.s.
- the reactive diluent also contains at least one function capable of reacting with the resin and optionally with the crosslinking agent, which function is chosen from the hydroxy, aldehyde, epoxy, oxazolidine and lactone functional groups.
- reactive diluents comprising hydroxyl functional groups
- alicyclic alcohols saturated or unsaturated, such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and the monoallyl ethers of these cyclic, saturated or unsaturated alcohols, such as furfuryl alcohol, mono- or polynuclear aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and its derivatives, m-cresol, 3,5-xylenol, nonylphenol, cardanols and their derivatives such as cardols, methylcardols and anacardial acids contained in particular in the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and naphthol, and the precursors of these alcohols, in particular the acetals and trioxanes.
- CNSL cashew nut shell liquid
- reactive diluents comprising aldehyde functions
- reactive diluents comprising epoxy functional groups
- glycidyl ethers of saturated or unsaturated alcohols such as the diglycidyl ether of hexane-1,6-diol, the epoxidized fatty acids in particular contained in epoxidized oils.
- soybean oil Ecocet ®; Arkema
- linseed oil Vikoflex ®, Arkema
- aromatic epoxy such as epoxidized cardanols, including 3-n-pentadécadiénylphénol.
- reactive diluents comprising oxazolidine functional groups
- the preferred lactone functional reactive diluent is gamma-butyrolactone.
- the gamma butyrolactone mixed with triphenylphosphite which makes it possible to improve the thermal resistance of the liquid resin composition,
- Preferred diluents are glycerol, furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, cardols and their derivatives (CNSL), diglycidyl ether of hexane-1,6-diol, epoxidized cardanols, 3-ethyl-2- methyl- (3méthylbutyl) -
- the reactive diluent represents at least 10% by weight of the resin composition, preferably at least 20%, and preferably does not exceed 69%, preferably 30%. Below 10%, the viscosity of the resin composition is too great for it to be used in the targeted applications. Above 69%, the mechanical properties of the final abrasive product are not satisfactory.
- the crosslinking agent must have a high reactivity with respect to the novolac resin and the reactive diluent.
- the crosslinking agent is chosen from compounds containing at least one hydroxyl or aldehyde function, the heterocyclic compounds containing a structure containing a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom separated by a carbon atom, nitroacetals and nitrones.
- compounds containing at least one hydroxyl function mention may be made of nitroalcohols such as ths (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane.
- oxazolines such as 1,3-phenylenebisoxazoline
- oxazolidines such as 3 ethyl-2-methyl-2- (3-methylbutyl) -1,3-oxazolidine and 1-aza-3,7-dioxa-5-ethylbicyclo (3.3.0) octane.
- the preferred crosslinking agent is tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane, glyoxal, 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2- (3-methylbutyl) -1,3-oxazolidine and 1-aza-3,7-dioxa. -5-éthylbicyclo- (3.3.0) octane. 1 -aza-3,7-dioxa-5-ethylbicyclo [3.3.0] octane is particularly advantageous because it can act as both a reactive diluent and a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent preferably represents at least 1% by weight of the liquid resin composition, advantageously at least 20%, and more preferably at least 30%, and generally does not exceed 40%.
- the liquid resin composition may further comprise at least one crosslinking catalyst.
- the catalyst is chosen from compounds comprising at least one secondary or tertiary amine function such as hydroxylamine, triethylamine, diazabicycloundecene, benzyldimethylamine and 2,4,6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, imidazoles and imidazole derivatives, for example 2-methyl-imidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methyl-imidazole and 1-benzyl-2-methyl-imidazole, trialkyl- and triaryl-nucleophiles of Group V elements ( A) for example triethanolamine, trimethylphosphine and triphenylphosphine, borates, for example tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate and tetraphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, and ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide and benzyltrimethylam
- Catalysts in liquid form are preferred, essentially for reasons of ease of implementation.
- the amount of catalyst in the liquid resin composition is less than or equal to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of novolak resin, of reactive diluent and optionally of crosslinking agent, and preferably is less than or equal to 5 parts .
- the preparation of the liquid resin composition can be done by simply mixing the constituents in a suitable container, advantageously provided with stirring means; preferably, the novolac resin is introduced into the reactive diluent, then the crosslinking agent and the catalyst are optionally added.
- the mixture of the constituents may be at room temperature, of the order of 20 to 25 ° C, or at a higher temperature, preferably at least 10 ° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the novolac resin. and advantageously less than or equal to 50 ° C. so as to prevent the crosslinking and / or the thermal degradation of the constituents of the resin composition.
- the viscosity of the liquid resin composition depends on the intended application but remains less than or equal to 7000 mPa.s.
- the liquid resin composition according to the invention is used to manufacture agglomerated abrasives.
- the liquid resin composition is first mixed with abrasive grains in a conventional mechanical mixer until the grains are suitably "wetted", i.e., coated with the resinous composition, and then the binder powder and the additives, also in powder form, until a homogeneous granular mixture is obtained.
- the liquid resin composition has a viscosity at most equal to 3000 mPa.s, and advantageously greater than or equal to 600 mPa.s.
- the starting temperature of crosslinking of the resin in the granular mixture is at most equal to 245 ° C., and advantageously at most equal to 195 ° C.
- the time required to obtain complete crosslinking of the resin composition in the granular mixture is less than or equal to 36 hours, preferably less than or equal to 20 hours.
- the abrasive grains may be any type of known abrasive grains, for example composed of alumina, including fused aluminas and sintered aluminas obtained by sol-gel, seeded or not with a material of the same crystalline nature, chemically modified or not, iron oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, alumina-zirconia, boron-alumina, silicon carbide, aluminum-oxynitride, diamond or cubic boron nitride, and mixtures of such grains.
- the abrasive grains are alumina.
- the abrasive grains are pretreated with an organic compound which improves the adhesion between the grain and the liquid resin composition, chosen from compounds containing silicon, for example a silane functionalized with organic groups such as vinylsilane, especially vinyltriethoxysilane, an aminosilane, especially gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and diaminopropylethoxysilane, or an epoxysilane.
- gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used.
- the treatment of the abrasive grains with the organic compound containing silicon can be carried out for example by spraying a solution of said compound in a suitable solvent, most often water, or by dispersing the grains in the aforementioned solution.
- the treated abrasive grains are dried before being mixed with the liquid resin composition.
- a liquid organic carrier can be added to the abrasive grain mixture and the resinous composition, which aids in grain wetting and the formation of a uniform grain network, and which is subsequently removed in the course of time. crosslinking step.
- the organic carrier may be water, an aliphatic alcohol, a glycol, high molecular weight oil fractions of oily or waxy consistency, mineral oil or any other known vehicle.
- the binder may be a phenol-aldehyde, melamine-aldehyde, urea-aldehyde, polyester, polyimide, epoxy, polyurethane or polybenzimidazole resin.
- the binder is a low formaldehyde resin, advantageously a novolak type phenol-aldehyde resin, and more preferably a phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin.
- the additives are, for example, fillers, crosslinking agents and other compounds which are useful for the manufacture of agglomerated abrasives, in particular bound by an organic resin.
- the fillers are generally in the form of a finely divided powder comprising particles that may have the appearance of granules, spheres or fibers.
- sand silicon carbide
- alumina hollow spheres bauxite
- chromites magnesite
- dolomites hollow mullite spheres
- borides silica fume, titanium dioxide, carbon products (carbon black, coke, graphite, ...), wood flour, clay, talc, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, feldspar, nepheline syenite and glass, especially in the form of solid, hollow or hollow beads, and fibers.
- the fillers represent 0.1 to 30% by weight of the granular mixture.
- Crosslinking agents are used when the powder binder is a novolac resin. They may be chosen from compounds known to perform the aforementioned function such as hexamethylenetetramine or precursors of it.
- the crosslinking agent is added in an amount of 5 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of novolac resin powder.
- the additives may further comprise agents which assist in the implementation of the process, for example anti-static agents and lubricants.
- agents which assist in the implementation of the process for example anti-static agents and lubricants.
- the amount of these additives can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.
- the granular mixture is subjected to a ripening treatment at room temperature for a period of about 12 hours.
- the granular mixture is then introduced into a mold equipped with compression means for forming a green part which has sufficient cohesion to be handled and processed in the following steps without substantially changing its shape.
- the binder at this stage is in the uncrosslinked state.
- the green part is then heated to a temperature sufficient for the binder to crosslink and give a rigid polymeric network which gives the piece its final shape.
- the crosslinking is carried out according to a conventional baking cycle which consists of bringing the green part to a temperature of the order of 100 ° C. and keeping it at this temperature for 30 minutes to several hours so that the volatile products formed can be removed. .
- the room is heated to the final temperature over a period that generally ranges from 10 to 36 hours.
- the final crosslinking temperature depends in particular on the nature of the resin used, the size and shape of the piece to be treated and the cooking time. In general, the final crosslinking temperature is between 100 and 200 ° C.
- the thermal crosslinking is carried out in a controlled atmosphere, preferably with a maximum relative humidity level.
- the agglomerated abrasives obtained may be in the form of grinding wheels, segments of grinding wheels, discs and whetstones.
- the liquid resin composition according to the invention is used to produce coated abrasives.
- the manufacture of the coated abrasives comprises the steps of depositing a base coat ("make coat") on a support material, to distribute the grains of abrasives on said layer, subjecting said material to a heat treatment for partially cross-linking the resin composition, depositing a top adhesive layer ("size coat”) and subjecting the heat treated coated material to in order to obtain complete crosslinking of the resin composition. If necessary, an additional adhesive layer may be deposited on the upper adhesive layer and crosslinked by a suitable heat treatment.
- the support material generally has a moderate to strong flexibility, and has the appearance of a sheet, in particular paper, a film, in particular polymer, or a more or less dense network of natural or synthetic fibers, for example. Examples of glass fibers and vulcanized fibers.
- the abrasive grains may be chosen from the grains already mentioned which form part of the agglomerated abrasives.
- the application of the grains on the base adhesive layer can be done by the usual techniques operating by gravity or electrostatically.
- the density of the abrasive grains on the support is to be chosen according to the intended application.
- the liquid resin composition according to the invention may be used to form the base adhesive layer ("make coat"), the upper adhesive layer ("size coat”) or the additional adhesive layer “supersize coat”).
- the liquid resin composition serves to form the base adhesive layer and the upper adhesive layer, and optionally the additional adhesive layer.
- the liquid resin composition has a viscosity of less than or equal to 6000 mPa.s and a start of crosslinking temperature at most equal to 150 0 C, preferably at most equal to 120 0 C.
- the liquid resin composition contains at least one aforementioned crosslinking agent.
- the time necessary to obtain complete crosslinking of the resin composition is less than 36 hours, preferably less than 20 hours.
- the basic, superior and additional adhesive layers which are not formed from the liquid resin composition according to the invention may be chosen from phenolic resins, urea formaldehyde, epoxy, urethane, acrylic, aminoplast, melamine and mixtures of these resins.
- the resin or resin mixture has the lowest possible free formaldehyde level.
- the liquid resin composition may further comprise additives, for example wetting agents, fillers, coupling agents, dyes, pigments and antistatic agents.
- the liquid resin composition When used to form the upper adhesive layer and / or the additional adhesive layer, it advantageously comprises at least one agent which enhances the abrasive performance of the final abrasive.
- an agent can be chosen from waxes, halogenated organic compounds, halogen salts, metals and metal alloys.
- the heat treatment of the support material coated with the liquid resin composition forming the base adhesive layer is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 120 ° C. for 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 1 to 60 ° C. minutes.
- the conditions of the heat treatment for the crosslinking of the resin composition forming the upper adhesive layer or the additional adhesive layer may be at a temperature of less than or equal to 150 ° C., preferably less than or equal to 120 ° C. for at most 36 hours. preferably at most 20 hours.
- the crosslinking start temperature is measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA): the liquid resin composition is introduced between two glass plates and the assembly is placed horizontally on a device comprising two fixed lower jaws remote from each other; 40 mm and an upper jaw applied against the upper sheet located 20 mm from each of the preceding jaws. On the upper jaw, a force of 8OmPa is applied with an oscillation frequency of 1 Hz and heating the whole 25 to 300 ° C at a rate of 4 ° C / minute. The elastic modulus of the resin composition is measured as a function of the temperature and from the established curve the starting temperature of the crosslinking is determined.
- DMA Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
- the loss of mass at 500 ° C. is determined by thermogravimetric analysis (DTA): the liquid resin composition is deposited in an aluminum cup and heated according to a given temperature cycle. 10 to 20 mg of the crosslinked resin composition are placed in an alumina crucible which is placed in an apparatus continuously measuring the loss of mass during a temperature cycle ranging from 25 ° to 700 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C. C / minute. On the recorded curve, the loss of mass is determined at 500 ° C.
- DTA thermogravimetric analysis
- Liquid resin compositions having the composition given in Table 1 (in parts by weight) are prepared.
- the resins are obtained by solubilizing the novolak resin in the reactive diluent at ambient temperature (20-25 ° C.) and with moderate stirring, and then adding the crosslinking agent and the catalyst while maintaining the stirring conditions.
- compositions are then subjected to an annealing treatment at 200 ° C. for 2 hours, and then they are cooled to ambient temperature.
- Granular mixtures having the composition given in the following Table 2 are prepared:
- test pieces are obtained by molding 75.64 g of the granular mixture obtained under b) in a mold measuring 10.224 cm ⁇ 2.591 cm ⁇ 1.27 cm.
- the green test pieces are removed from the mold, sealed in aluminum foil and cured in an oven according to the following temperature cycle:
- test pieces are separated into two series: the first series undergoes no treatment, the second is immersed in boiling water for 2 hours to simulate the conditions of accelerated aging.
- Liquid resin compositions for the manufacture of coated abrasives are prepared under the conditions of Examples 1 to 12.
- Liquid resin compositions for the manufacture of coated abrasives are prepared under the conditions of Examples 1 to 12.
- Liquid resin compositions for the manufacture of agglomerated abrasives are prepared:
- the resins are obtained by solubilizing the novolac resin in the reactive diluent at a temperature of the order of 35 to 40 ° C.
- liquid resin compositions are processed according to the temperature and annealing cycle described in paragraph a) of Examples 1 to 12 above.
- Granular mixtures having the following composition are prepared:
- the abrasive grains are grains of 60 grain alumina (406 ⁇ m) (9) which were previously immersed in an aqueous solution of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane at 2% by weight, and then dried in an oven at 120 ° C. for 2 hours. .
- test specimens are obtained by molding the granular mixture under the conditions of Examples 1 to 12.
- test pieces are separated into two series: the first series undergoes no treatment, the second is immersed in boiling water for 2 hours to simulate the conditions of accelerated aging.
- HEXA hexamethylenetetramine
- TNE tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane
- TEA triethanolamine
- TNE tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane
- TEA triethanolamine
- TPP triphenylphosphine
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0706881A FR2921666B1 (fr) | 2007-10-01 | 2007-10-01 | Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifs |
| PCT/FR2008/051778 WO2009053580A2 (fr) | 2007-10-01 | 2008-10-01 | Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2195383A2 true EP2195383A2 (fr) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=39111577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08842341A Withdrawn EP2195383A2 (fr) | 2007-10-01 | 2008-10-01 | Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifs |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8523967B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2195383A2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101883824B (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR068643A1 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2008002931A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2921666B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TWI523909B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009053580A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2959226B1 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2012-05-25 | Saint Gobain Technical Fabrics | Structure de fils de verre destinee a renforcer des articles abrasifs agglomeres. |
| US9938454B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2018-04-10 | Basf Se | Resin-coated proppant and methods of use |
| KR101563456B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-01 | 2015-10-26 | 가부시키가이샤 티케이엑스 | 레진 본드 와이어 소우용의 접착제 조성물 및 레진 본드 와이어 소우의 제조 방법 |
| CN103409096B (zh) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-10-15 | 石家庄世易糠醛糠醇有限公司 | 一种环保无甲醛木材专用呋喃类树脂胶粘剂的制备方法 |
| CN103421419B (zh) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-10-14 | 石家庄世易糠醛糠醇有限公司 | 一种高性能呋喃类海洋防腐涂料的制备方法 |
| KR20160090830A (ko) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-08-01 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 경화제 조성물 |
| CN103911059B (zh) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-04-27 | 上海茂霖高分子科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于半导电胶辊的中阻值耐磨涂层及其制备方法 |
| CN103911060B (zh) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-04-27 | 上海茂霖高分子科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于半导电胶辊的低阻值耐磨涂层及其制备方法 |
| US11235436B2 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2022-02-01 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming the same |
| US12104094B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2024-10-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Phenolic resin composition comprising polymerized ionic groups, abrasive articles and methods |
| CN109628033A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-16 | 广西六万山林业有限公司 | 一种环保型胶合板用胶粘剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN110483716B (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-04-27 | 吉林大学 | 一种原位自增强聚亚胺复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001214028A (ja) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-07 | Ube Ind Ltd | 耐熱性液状フェノールノボラック樹脂及びその硬化物 |
| WO2005108454A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-17 | Angus Chemical Company | Resine phenolique |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB985751A (en) * | 1960-03-29 | 1965-03-10 | Norton Co | Improvements in or relating to abrasive products |
| US4487868A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-12-11 | Acme Resin Corporation | Foundry core compositions |
| DE3705540A1 (de) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-17 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Hochtemperaturbestaendige formstoffe |
| US5014468A (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1991-05-14 | Norton Company | Patterned coated abrasive for fine surface finishing |
| DE3915823A1 (de) * | 1989-05-16 | 1990-11-22 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von verbundwerkstoffen |
| US5441549A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1995-08-15 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles comprising a grinding aid dispersed in a polymeric blend binder |
| DE4423913A1 (de) * | 1994-07-07 | 1996-01-11 | Ruetgerswerke Ag | Flüssige Bindemittel |
| TW383322B (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 2000-03-01 | Norton Co | An improved method for preparing mixtures for abrasive articles |
| US5686506A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1997-11-11 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Mixtures of phenolic novolaks for use with refractory aggregate and methods for making same |
| EP0869980B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-27 | 2003-02-19 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Diluants reactifs pour compositions phenoliques durcissables a l'acide |
| ATE256164T1 (de) * | 1996-09-20 | 2003-12-15 | Vantico Gmbh | Verfahren zum transfer-spritzgiessen von stabilen epoxidharzzusammensetzungen |
| US5908881A (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1999-06-01 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited | Heat-conductive paste |
| US5910521A (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 1999-06-08 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Benzoxazine polymer composition |
| US6514302B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-02-04 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Methods for producing granular molding materials for abrasive articles |
| US6949129B2 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2005-09-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Method for making resin bonded abrasive tools |
| FR2921667B1 (fr) | 2007-10-01 | 2012-11-09 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Composition resinique liquide pour articles abrasifs |
-
2007
- 2007-10-01 FR FR0706881A patent/FR2921666B1/fr active Active
-
2008
- 2008-10-01 EP EP08842341A patent/EP2195383A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-10-01 US US12/681,288 patent/US8523967B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-01 TW TW097137762A patent/TWI523909B/zh active
- 2008-10-01 AR ARP080104284A patent/AR068643A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-10-01 CN CN200880118590.0A patent/CN101883824B/zh active Active
- 2008-10-01 CL CL2008002931A patent/CL2008002931A1/es unknown
- 2008-10-01 WO PCT/FR2008/051778 patent/WO2009053580A2/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001214028A (ja) * | 2000-02-02 | 2001-08-07 | Ube Ind Ltd | 耐熱性液状フェノールノボラック樹脂及びその硬化物 |
| WO2005108454A1 (fr) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-17 | Angus Chemical Company | Resine phenolique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101883824A (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
| US8523967B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
| CL2008002931A1 (es) | 2009-09-04 |
| FR2921666A1 (fr) | 2009-04-03 |
| FR2921666B1 (fr) | 2012-11-09 |
| WO2009053580A3 (fr) | 2009-06-25 |
| WO2009053580A2 (fr) | 2009-04-30 |
| US20100298505A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| TW200932823A (en) | 2009-08-01 |
| AR068643A1 (es) | 2009-11-25 |
| CN101883824B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
| TWI523909B (zh) | 2016-03-01 |
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