EP2215334A1 - Soupape d'admission ou d'echappement pour moteur a combustion interne et son procede de realisation - Google Patents
Soupape d'admission ou d'echappement pour moteur a combustion interne et son procede de realisationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2215334A1 EP2215334A1 EP08843581A EP08843581A EP2215334A1 EP 2215334 A1 EP2215334 A1 EP 2215334A1 EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 08843581 A EP08843581 A EP 08843581A EP 2215334 A1 EP2215334 A1 EP 2215334A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- layer
- nickel
- chromium
- nickel layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine comprising a valve disk and a valve stem, wherein the valve stem is provided with a chromium layer forming the running surface of the valve and a method for the production thereof.
- valves are well known from the prior art and described for example in the TRW edition "Large Engine Parts", 1st edition, 1987, p 9 ff.
- the regularly several 10 microns thick and usual way galvanically applied chromium coating of the valve stem forms due to their hardness an excellent sliding layer for the valve while reducing wear.
- the chrome coating of the valve stem provides some corrosion protection for the base material of the valve stem, so that such exhaust valves are used even in the highly corrosive environmental conditions in marine diesel engines.
- a protective jacket made of a metallic base layer and a cover layer made of a ceramic material is applied in the region of the valve head.
- a chromium layer covering a substrate can optionally also be combined with an underlying layer of nickel.
- a base material is coated with a wear-resistant chromium layer, which is underlaid for improved removal of shock loads with a nickel layer.
- an inlet or outlet valve according to claim 1 This is - according to the invention - in addition to the features mentioned above, characterized in that between the base material of the valve stem and the chromium layer, a nickel layer is provided and further that the chromium layer has a greater layer thickness than the underlying nickel layer.
- the valve according to the invention is much better protected against corrosive influences because of the crack-free intermediate nickel layer, wherein the overlying chromium layer with a greater layer thickness serves as an outer running surface for the valve stem. It turns out that in a valve according to the invention, the undesirable effect of premature damage to the chromium coating - even under highly corrosive environmental conditions - no longer occurs, which has a significantly increased life result.
- the damage of the deposited directly on the base material of the valve stem chromium layer is thus not only as a result of friction caused by abrasive wear, but is determined by corrosive influences. This applies in particular to wet corrosion, as may occur, for example, due to salt water, water-containing lubricating oils or sulphurous exhaust gases (in their condensation in the region of the outlet valve).
- chromium is thoroughly resistant to corrosion, even as a result of a Cr 2 O 3 passivation.
- the chromium layer as such is not corrosively attacked despite the usually existing layer thickness of several 10 microns, but it comes to a corrosion of the underlying base material, which then the adhesion of the chromium layer on the base material the valve stem worsens until it peels off.
- Even chromium layers with layer thicknesses of several 10 microns namely have a microporosity with a crack structure that does not reliably exclude corrosive damage to the underlying base material.
- the nickel intermediate layer provided in the context of the invention can counteract this effect, irrespective of its smaller layer thickness compared to the chromium layer, which ultimately results in the desired lifetime extension for the outlet valve.
- a valve according to the invention now - compared to the prior art - thinner chrome layers are used, which must be designed essentially only in terms of expected over the life of the valve abrasive wear.
- the multi-layer coating of the inlet or outlet valve with a nickel-chromium composite layer which is provided according to the invention, also proves to be particularly suitable in view of the fact that the nickel interlayer - particularly under high temperature load - is particularly well suited for the valve steels of the inlet or outlet usually used as the base material Exhaust valves of combustion engines are liable. A possible loss of hardness of the nickel layer at high temperatures, as they occur in the region of the outlet valve is not important, since the running surface exposed to the abrasive wear for the valve stem is formed by the overlying chromium layer.
- the inventively provided chromium layer should preferably have a layer thickness of more than 12 microns, which can be limited to an advantageous layer thickness range of about 20 - 60 microns.
- layer thicknesses in the range of 5-20 ⁇ m prove to be sufficient for the nickel layer in order to achieve the present invention
- the valve of the present invention relates to a bimetallic valve, in which case it must be ensured in an advantageous manner that the transition region between the two metals is at least covered by the nickel layer.
- This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that bimetallic valves in the transition region of the usually friction-welded metal or valve - steel alloys are particularly exposed to harmful corrosion. In the presence of an electrolyte (for example, a salt or acid solution), increased corrosion of the less noble material components of the various alloys occurs at the weld seam and in its vicinity (ie in the transition region of the two materials) by forming a galvanic pair.
- an electrolyte for example, a salt or acid solution
- valves with so-called seat armor so valves made of conventional valve steel, in which the valve seat is armored with a material of higher quality (for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co base alloy). Again, there may be an increase in corrosion in the transition region between armor and the base material of the valve.
- a material of higher quality for example, with Stellite, a particularly hard Co base alloy.
- the nickel layer can thus in a preferred manner - which is also considered as an independent development of the invention - cover a larger area of the valve, as the only necessary for Gleit sulfuren chromium layer in the shaft region, which then only partially covers the nickel layer. It is advantageous that such a coating can be produced in a particularly simple manner within the scope of the manufacturing method explained below.
- the nickel layer provided according to the invention is advantageously an electroplated nickel layer, with a semi-bright nickel layer preferably being desired in the context of the invention. Alternatively, however, a chemically applied (high-gloss) nickel layer may also be provided.
- the chromium layer is preferably a hard chrome layer, so that sufficient wear protection is ensured.
- both the nickel layer and the chromium layer are preferably pure nickel or chromium layers, ie not corresponding alloys.
- the method according to the invention for producing the above-described valves comprises the following steps: electroplating a nickel layer onto the base material of the valve, the area of the valve seat serving as a contact surface for plating,
- Fig. 1 shows an exhaust valve 1 for an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine, which is formed of two different valve steels as a bimetallic valve. While the valve stem 2 from a comparatively favorable valve steel (eg X45CrSi9.3), the material of the valve cone or valve disk 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A). These were in the transition region 5 in the usual manner, for example by means of friction welding, assembled.
- a comparatively favorable valve steel eg X45CrSi9.3
- the material of the valve cone or valve disk 3 with valve seat 4 is a high-quality nickel-based superalloy (eg Nimonic 80A).
- the outlet valve 1 shown in the drawing was first galvanically coated with an approximately 15 ⁇ m thick nickel layer 6, the region of the valve seat 4 advantageously serving as a contact surface for plating and, moreover, only the shank end 7 having a clamping groove 8 remaining uncoated.
- the shaft end 7 is masked during galvanization by means of a rubber cap (not shown).
- the valve stem 2 or the nickel layer 6 already present in this region is coated with a chromium layer 9 forming the running surface of the valve 1, the chromium layer having a layer thickness of 40 ⁇ m being thicker than the nickel layer 6. Both the nickel layer 6 and the chromium layer 9 are shown in Figure 1 in their layer thickness for better illustration oversubscribed.
- the nickel layer 6 covers a larger part of the illustrated outlet valve 1 in comparison to the chromium layer 9. In the present case, even the underside 10 of the valve disk is covered by the nickel layer 6. In particular, however, the nickel layer 6 also covers the transition region 5 of the bimetallic valve shown, so that according to the invention also effective corrosion protection is provided in this region.
- the chrome Layer 9, however, is applied only in the area of the valve stem 2.
- the seating area 4 was finally subjected to a grinding treatment, so that there are no longer any interfering nickel residues on the base material forming the valve seat 4.
- the hard surface covered with hard chrome was ground to size to ensure good sliding properties of the exhaust valve 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007052800A DE102007052800B3 (de) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Ein- oder Auslassventil für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| PCT/EP2008/008792 WO2009056239A1 (fr) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-17 | Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne et son procédé de réalisation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2215334A1 true EP2215334A1 (fr) | 2010-08-11 |
| EP2215334B1 EP2215334B1 (fr) | 2011-05-04 |
Family
ID=40377461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08843581A Active EP2215334B1 (fr) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-10-17 | Soupape d'admission ou d'echappement pour moteur a combustion interne et son procede de realisation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2215334B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE508255T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE102007052800B3 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK2215334T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009056239A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008054266A1 (de) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | Beweglicher, heißen Gasen ausgesetzter Verschlusskörper eines Ventiles |
| CN102965695B (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江市华阳机电制造有限公司 | 一种用于阀杆的镀铬工艺 |
| DE102017007079A1 (de) | 2017-07-27 | 2018-01-25 | Daimler Ag | Ventilschaftdichtung eines Hubkolbenmotors, Hubkolbenmotor sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102019129128A1 (de) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-29 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Motorventil |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB618607A (en) * | 1946-06-04 | 1949-02-24 | William Thomas Davies | Improvements in or relating to the production of corrosion resistant coatings on poppet valves for internal-combustion engines |
| DE2856232A1 (de) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-17 | Teves Thompson Gmbh | Thermisch und korrosiv hoch beanspruchtes tellerventil |
| JPS63125875A (ja) * | 1986-11-15 | 1988-05-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 電磁式燃料噴射弁 |
| US5271823A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-21 | Eaton Corporation | Method of making a trivalent chromium plated engine valve |
| EP0679736B1 (fr) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-03-04 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Amélioration des propriétés de surface d'une soupape de moteur en alliage de titane |
| US5543029A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-08-06 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Properties of the surface of a titanium alloy engine valve |
| US5441024A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-08-15 | Val-Kro, Inc. | Engine valve |
| JP3853100B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-26 | 2006-12-06 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 耐摩耗性に優れた銅合金 |
| DE10011154A1 (de) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Mahle Gmbh | Zylinderkopfeinheit mit Walzendrehschieber |
| US7011067B2 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2006-03-14 | Trw | Chrome plated engine valve |
| US7726121B2 (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2010-06-01 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine part |
-
2007
- 2007-11-02 DE DE102007052800A patent/DE102007052800B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-10-17 DE DE502008003457T patent/DE502008003457D1/de active Active
- 2008-10-17 DK DK08843581.3T patent/DK2215334T3/da active
- 2008-10-17 AT AT08843581T patent/ATE508255T1/de active
- 2008-10-17 WO PCT/EP2008/008792 patent/WO2009056239A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-17 EP EP08843581A patent/EP2215334B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009056239A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE502008003457D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
| DK2215334T3 (da) | 2011-07-18 |
| EP2215334B1 (fr) | 2011-05-04 |
| ATE508255T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| DE102007052800B3 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
| WO2009056239A1 (fr) | 2009-05-07 |
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