EP2301053B1 - Fusible thermique - Google Patents

Fusible thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2301053B1
EP2301053B1 EP09779728.6A EP09779728A EP2301053B1 EP 2301053 B1 EP2301053 B1 EP 2301053B1 EP 09779728 A EP09779728 A EP 09779728A EP 2301053 B1 EP2301053 B1 EP 2301053B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fusible
connection
thermal fuse
melting
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09779728.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2301053A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Schulze-Icking-Konert
Daniel Seebacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2301053A1 publication Critical patent/EP2301053A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2301053B1 publication Critical patent/EP2301053B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermal fuse for interrupting a current flow in modules, in particular for use in the automotive sector
  • thermal fuse In order to protect electrical modules against overheating, irreversible thermal fuses are required, which interrupt a current-carrying conductor if the ambient temperature is too high, ie trigger the fuse.
  • the thermal fuses are designed so that the trip temperature is not reached due to a high current flow, so that it is ensured that they can not be triggered by a high current but only by an excessively high ambient temperature.
  • a thermal fuse of the above type thus serves to provide an independent Abschaltpfad for electrical modules available, with inadmissible high temperatures in the module, for example, due to failures of components, short circuits, for example, by external influence, malfunction of insulation materials and the like Current flow is safely interrupted.
  • thermal fuses are usually based on the concept of a fixed spring, such as a spring. a soldered leaf spring, which opens a contact by a spring force when triggered. In this case, even in the unreleased case, a mechanical force is permanently exerted on the joint, which leads to quality problems, especially in long periods of use, such as. long operating times in the automotive sector. In particular, a disruption of the solder joint may occur after some time.
  • An alternative embodiment of a thermal fuse uses a conductive fusing element of a fusible material that begins to melt at a triggering temperature and thereby breaks an electrical connection.
  • a melting element is usually arranged between two connection regions, at which the molten material of the melting element collects after melting due to the surface tension. A separation was successful when a deposit or a drop of fused material has formed on one or both terminal areas, without leaving a conductive bridge of fusible material between the terminal areas.
  • connection areas In experiments with connection areas, the front side, on which the fusible element completely rests, just as large as the cross-section of the contact surface of the fusible element or cup-shaped connection areas, which completely surrounds the fusible element at its ends, it was observed that they do not always reliably trigger since a conductive bridge of fusible material remains between the coverings or between the drops at the connection areas.
  • a thermal fuse for interrupting a current flow in modules is provided, in particular for use in the automotive sector.
  • the thermal fuse comprises a terminal having a terminal portion and a fuse of fused material attached at one end to the terminal portion to provide an electrically conductive connection between the fuse and the terminal.
  • the connecting element has a propagation region for receiving molten melting material.
  • the propagation region has a spreading surface on which a melt material part of the molten melting material spreads during melting of the melting element, wherein the propagation surface corresponds to an inner surface of a funnel-shaped structure.
  • connection elements in the propagation region have a surface structure in which, in particular, an energy barrier with respect to the propagation of the molten melting material is avoided. This can be achieved in particular by providing the propagation surface only with curvatures of 0 or positive curvatures, and in particular avoiding negative curvatures in order to reduce the surface energy. It can thereby minimize the risk that bridges of fusible material remain between the connection areas of the thermal fuse.
  • the thermal fuse may have two connection elements, between which the fusible element is received, so that ends of the fusible element are attached to the corresponding connection elements.
  • the propagation surface may correspond to an inner surface of a funnel-shaped structure.
  • the tip of the funnel-shaped structure may be flattened with a surface which is equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the end of the fusible element.
  • a conventional thermal fuse 1 which has two connection elements 2, between which a conductive fusible element 3 is arranged.
  • the fusible element 3 is fastened with its two ends to a respective connection region 4 of the connection lines 2, for example soldered.
  • the cross section of the connection elements 2 at the contact point to the fusible element 3 and the cross section at the ends of the fusible element 3 are substantially the same, so that the connection elements 2 substantially flush with respect to their surfaces in the fusible element 3.
  • the fusible material of the fusible element 3 melts.
  • the fusible material of the fusible element is preferably a low-melting metal or an alloy, such as an aluminum alloy. Lot, which in the molten state, a high surface energy, i. Surface tension.
  • a flux 5 may be provided, that breaks through the oxide skin during melting and increases the wetting or the surface tension.
  • the liquid melting material creeps beyond the connection region 4 of the connection elements 2 beyond a propagation surface 6 of the connection elements 2, in which the connection region 4 is located.
  • additional fusible material is distributed on the previously exposed surface of the connecting element 2, so that the liquid melting material from the center of the fusible element 3, which has previously made the conductive connection between the connecting elements 2, is withdrawn. This takes place until the melting element 3 is completely divided into two pieces of molten material at the connection elements 2, which collect as drops or coating on the respective propagation surface 6 of the connection element 2.
  • the conductive connection between the connection elements 2 should be interrupted.
  • the surface tension corresponds to the difference between the surface free energies of the surface of the connection element 2 and the surface of the liquid melt material.
  • E is the total surface energy
  • E 0 a proportion of the constant material-dependent surface energy
  • connection elements 2 By suitably choosing the geometry of the propagation region 6 of one or more of the connection elements 2, it can now be ensured that the curvature-dependent fraction of the surface energy during and after the triggering is negative and thus the contraction of the melted melt material parts 7 at the connection regions is supported.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b, 4a and 4b such as 5a and 5b show embodiments for thermal fuses 1, which provide the molten melt material parts 7 within the corresponding propagation region 6 no or a negative curvature even after melting.
  • the surface free energy is reduced, thereby promoting spreading of the molten melt material. This reduces the risk that bridges of molten material remain between the connection elements 2.
  • the propagation region 6 comprises a flat surface which contains the connection region 4 of the connection element 2.
  • the area of the terminal portion 4 is widened so that the surface of the terminal portion 4 where the fuse element 3 abuts before reflowing and the spreading surface 6 on which the molten fuse material propagates lie in a flat surface.
  • the spreading surface 6 is formed with a size sufficient to receive so much molten melting material that it is ensured that no conductive bridge between the connecting elements 2 remains.
  • the total area depends, among other things, on the surface tension of the enamel material (material properties) and the volume of the enamel element 3 off.
  • the surface is chosen so large that a drop of half the amount of the melt material of the fusible element 3 on the flat propagation surface 6 of the connection element 2 finds room. This can be found, for example, empirically.
  • the propagation surfaces 6 cup-shaped with a cup rim 8 and a cup bottom 9 are formed.
  • the cup bottom 9 is preferably flat and has a larger area than corresponds to the connection region 4 of the melting element 3.
  • the cup edges 8 of the propagation surface 6 are perpendicular or obliquely inwards or outwards from the cup bottom 9 in the direction of the opposite connection element 2 or in the direction of the melting element 3.
  • the angle between the cup bottom 9 and the cup rim 8 forms a negative curvature which promotes the spreading of the molten melt material over the cup-shaped spreading surface 6.
  • the volume of the cup-shaped spreading surface 6 that is to say the volume defined by the edge of the cup rim 8 opposite the cup bottom 9, has a size to accommodate the volume of the molten melting material part 7 which is at least half the volume of the melting material of the melting element 3 corresponds.
  • a distribution of the molten melting material on the cup-shaped spreading surface 6 is in FIG. 4b shown.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b a further thermal fuse 1 is shown, in which the propagation surface 6 is funnel-shaped.
  • the thermal fuse 1 of FIG. 5 has for this purpose a connection funnel 10 as a propagation region, which is arranged around the surface 11 of the connection region 4 of the connection element 2. Between the surface 11 and the funnel-shaped propagation region 10 is also a negative curvature, which is the distribution and spreading of the molten melt material within the connection funnel 10th supported.
  • the volume formed by the connection funnel 10 corresponds to at least half the volume of the melt material of the fusible element 3.
  • the melting material may in all embodiments be formed from low-melting solder, which is preferably provided with a flux, such as e.g. a flux soul in the interior of the fusible element 3 or as a surface covering of the fusible element 3 is formed.
  • a flux such as e.g. a flux soul in the interior of the fusible element 3 or as a surface covering of the fusible element 3 is formed.
  • a hollow ball which is open to the opposite connection region and whose inner surface likewise has a negative curvature
  • the size of the area in which the molten melting material spreads depends on the volume of the fusible element and the melt material part, which attaches to the respective connection element 3.
  • the boundary of the propagation region should not have to be exceeded by the molten melting material during the melting of the fusible element 3 in order to completely separate the thermal fuse 1.
  • the opposing connection elements 2 are identical. These can also be designed differently, which in particular can shift the distribution of the melting material parts accumulating during the melting process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Protection thermique (1) destinée à interrompre l'écoulement du courant dans des modules et destinée en particulier à être utilisée dans le secteur automobile, la protection thermique comportant :
    un élément de raccordement (2) doté d'une partie de raccordement,
    un élément fusible (3) en un matériau fusible, dont une extrémité est placée sur la partie de raccordement pour établir une liaison électriquement conductrice entre l'élément fusible (3) et l'élément de raccordement (2),
    l'élément de raccordement (2) présentant une partie d'étalement qui reprend le matériau fusible fondu,
    la partie d'étalement présentant une surface d'étalement (6) sur laquelle une partie du matériau fusible provenant du matériau fusible fondu se répand lors de la fusion de l'élément fusible,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la surface d'étalement (6) correspond à la surface intérieure d'une structure en forme d'entonnoir.
  2. Protection thermique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente deux éléments de raccordement (2) entre lesquels l'élément fusible (3) est repris de telle sorte que les extrémités de l'élément fusible (3) soient placées sur les éléments de raccordement (2) correspondants.
  3. Protection thermique (1) selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la pointe de la structure en entonnoir est aplatie sur une superficie égale ou inférieure à la superficie de la section transversale de l'extrémité de l'élément fusible (3).
EP09779728.6A 2008-07-11 2009-06-12 Fusible thermique Not-in-force EP2301053B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008040345A DE102008040345A1 (de) 2008-07-11 2008-07-11 Thermosicherung
PCT/EP2009/057255 WO2010003758A1 (fr) 2008-07-11 2009-06-12 Fusible thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2301053A1 EP2301053A1 (fr) 2011-03-30
EP2301053B1 true EP2301053B1 (fr) 2013-08-14

Family

ID=41047025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09779728.6A Not-in-force EP2301053B1 (fr) 2008-07-11 2009-06-12 Fusible thermique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110181385A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2301053B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5269197B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20110049772A (fr)
CN (1) CN102089846A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008040345A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010003758A1 (fr)

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US6705323B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2004-03-16 Conceptus, Inc. Contraceptive transcervical fallopian tube occlusion devices and methods
DE102007014334A1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schmelzlegierungselement, Thermosicherung mit einem Schmelzlegierungselement sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Thermosicherung
DE102007014338A1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Thermosicherung
JP5072796B2 (ja) * 2008-05-23 2012-11-14 ソニーケミカル＆インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 保護素子及び二次電池装置
JP5130233B2 (ja) * 2009-01-21 2013-01-30 デクセリアルズ株式会社 保護素子
JP5130232B2 (ja) 2009-01-21 2013-01-30 デクセリアルズ株式会社 保護素子
JP5301298B2 (ja) * 2009-01-21 2013-09-25 デクセリアルズ株式会社 保護素子
US9129769B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2015-09-08 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Protective device
DE102014200640A1 (de) 2014-01-16 2015-07-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Batteriesystem und Verfahren zur Trennung eines Batteriesystems von einem angeschlossenen elektrischen Verbraucher
CN206976273U (zh) * 2017-06-30 2018-02-06 厦门赛尔特电子有限公司 一种高压直流热熔断器
DE102018206345A1 (de) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schmelzsicherung, Gasbehälter und Verfahren zum Zusammenbauen einer Schmelzsicherung und zum Einbauen derselben in einen Gasbehälter

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008040345A1 (de) 2010-01-14
EP2301053A1 (fr) 2011-03-30
WO2010003758A1 (fr) 2010-01-14
JP5269197B2 (ja) 2013-08-21
US20110181385A1 (en) 2011-07-28
KR20110049772A (ko) 2011-05-12
JP2011527493A (ja) 2011-10-27
CN102089846A (zh) 2011-06-08

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