EP2615703B1 - Éclateur composé de plusieurs éclateurs individuels commutés en série, se trouvant dans un agencement empilé - Google Patents

Éclateur composé de plusieurs éclateurs individuels commutés en série, se trouvant dans un agencement empilé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2615703B1
EP2615703B1 EP12194155.3A EP12194155A EP2615703B1 EP 2615703 B1 EP2615703 B1 EP 2615703B1 EP 12194155 A EP12194155 A EP 12194155A EP 2615703 B1 EP2615703 B1 EP 2615703B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark gap
stack
individual
spark
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12194155.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2615703A3 (fr
EP2615703A2 (fr
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dehn SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2615703A2 publication Critical patent/EP2615703A2/fr
Publication of EP2615703A3 publication Critical patent/EP2615703A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2615703B1 publication Critical patent/EP2615703B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H01T4/20—Arrangements for improving potential distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H01T4/18—Arrangements for reducing height of stacked spark gaps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark gap with a plurality of series-connected, stacked individual spark gaps, which are spaced apart by annular separation sections and provided with a contact, wherein the respective individual spark gaps annular or disc-shaped electrodes, and further with controls for influencing the voltage distribution over the Stack arrangement, wherein the necessary for the formation of one of the respective individual spark gaps annular or disc-shaped electrodes are used in each case an insulating body and kept centered by this, according to claim 1.
  • Surge arresters designed as stacked spark gaps, are for example from the DE 395 286 previously known.
  • a plurality of mutually contacting, disc-shaped resistor bodies are provided, wherein each resistor body has one or more ribs or elevations of considerably higher specific resistance than the remaining mass of the disk.
  • each resistor body has one or more ribs or elevations of considerably higher specific resistance than the remaining mass of the disk.
  • Such stack arrangements consist of a sequence of disk-shaped electrodes with insulation rings, which each have a radial projection to the electrodes often made of graphite.
  • the entire stack is closed by guide rods in the axial direction, e.g. clamped by screwing.
  • the guide rods or brackets are used for the radial positioning of the graphite disks and the insulation rings with each other, so that reproducible projections for the outer flashover results.
  • the guide elements are in this case designed so that the radial tolerances of all disc electrodes or rings are observed and that the guides of the items by the axial distortion of the stack does not lead to interruptions of the print chain, so gap formation or individual parts are damaged by screwing.
  • the principle known from the low-voltage field for realizing a sequence-current-free stacked spark gap with elements for implementing a non-linear voltage distribution can in principle be transferred to the medium-voltage range.
  • the response voltage of the sections is in the medium voltage range in contrast to the low voltage below the rated voltage.
  • control elements are used for equal distribution of voltage in the case of stacked spark gaps.
  • this has the disadvantage that the operating voltage of such spark gaps is very high and overvoltage protection is limited possible.
  • the number of partial spark gaps is relatively limited.
  • the principle of transhipment of the individual capacities of the partial spark gaps after the response of the first uncontrolled spark gap works with relatively low energy losses in the case of a few to several dozens of sections. With a higher number of tracks, the efficiency of the described principle decreases, whereby the ignition of all sections is particularly at risk when coordination to a parallel arrester, such as a varistor is necessary. But even without the use of another parallel arrester delayed by energetic losses, the ignition of the sections, which not only the ignition is at risk, but the voltage load of the controls and the Residual voltage and thus the protection level of the arrester increases uncontrollably.
  • a basic idea of the invention is accordingly to propose a construction in which the necessary functional elements of the partial spark gaps are designed as individual modules and are not impaired by functional loads such as pressure, contraction and so on and are thus resistant to aging. Furthermore, a decoupling of the height of the individual modules of the geometric space or the geometric size of the controls is carried out so that the height of the spark gap stack assembly is determined solely by the necessary thickness of the electrodes and the insulating separation sections.
  • the controls e.g. Capacities
  • radially circumferentially distributed around the preferred disc electrodes are arranged.
  • means may be provided which receive the controls and which e.g. have axisymmetric thickening to accommodate the controls of greater thickness.
  • the thickenings of the individual modules are distributed radially offset over the circumference of the stack, so that the stack height corresponds only to the height of the amount of separation lines and electrodes.
  • a plurality of modules radially around the stack of separators and disk electrodes which contain the controls and the contact pads of the controls to the disk electrodes are rollover proof, i. without sliding or air gaps, which allow a sparkover to perform between two contacts of the controls.
  • a radial arrangement of the controls can be set in groups or individually, i. stepped to be realized around the electrode stack.
  • Such a stack arrangement executed can be carried out egostromok in only one separation distance without controls for rated voltages up to 1 kV.
  • the number of partial spark gaps with a highly non-linear stress distribution can be increased to a multiple by this variant of the invention.
  • the inventive arrangement has a low Anschverzugszeit, a low residual stress and also ensures good coordination in a compact size.
  • the components and the arrangement are chosen or designed so that even at high current and voltage gradients and aging no external flashover, even with sparking in the contact region of the control elements to the disk electrodes over the entire arrester can occur.
  • control element, separating line and disc electrodes and contact elements and housing parts is constructed on the number of identical Partial spark gaps a slight adjustment to the nominal voltage and a variation over a very wide voltage range possible.
  • a series connection of a plurality of low voltage conductors of the type described above is oriented to ensure a low protection level with subsequent flow freedom.
  • the individual modules are arranged as separate units during assembly in a housing and with additional measures, e.g. Partition plates or separation lines protected against flashovers.
  • the response voltage of the arrangement results from the sum of the series-connected separation sections of the individual modules with low dielectric strength.
  • With sufficient dielectric strength for the nominal voltage of the arrester for example in the case of a triggerable isolating distance, it is possible to provide only one module with an isolating distance without control.
  • To ensure a low residual voltage of the entire arrester can be a control of the voltage distribution between the modules in such an arrangement be advantageous especially at a higher number of modules or at a high impedance between the modules.
  • the control between the modules is also preferably designed to be highly nonlinear in a single separation distance in only one module, while at separation distances in each module with a dielectric strength lower than the rated voltage of the entire arrester and a symmetrical voltage distribution between the modules, especially at an increased number is possible ,
  • the modular design of a medium-voltage arrester from a set of low-voltage arresters presented here has the advantage that in addition to the separation distances between the modules, additional measures for cooling the individual modules can be introduced, which is particularly advantageous for the energy conversion in lightning pulses.
  • the heat output can be optimized between the modules by introducing materials to increase the heat capacity, by passive heat sinks or by heat dissipation to the housing of the entire arrester.
  • a series connection of modules it is possible to use the indication of the state of the individual modules for the display of the entire arrester, e.g. a single display triggers an overall display.
  • an indicator for the operation of the entire arrester can be executed.
  • the invention is, as already outlined above, of a spark gap with a plurality of series-connected, arranged in a stack arrangement of individual spark gaps, which are spaced apart by annular separation sections and provided with a contact.
  • the respective individual spark gaps have ring-shaped or disk-shaped electrodes, in particular a small thickness, and are connected to control elements for influencing the distribution of stress over the stack arrangement, with the formation of one of the individual individual spark gaps required annular or disc-shaped electrodes are used in each case an insulating body or centering and held by this.
  • control elements are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the envelope of the stack arrangement, in each case individually or in groups, arranged radially angularly offset.
  • the angular offset can be spiral.
  • the groups of control elements extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stack arrangement and have the radial angular offset with one another. So it is e.g. possible to form the groups each offset by 90 ° parallel to the longitudinal axis outer peripheral side of the stack arrangement, so that there are four spaced groups of control elements.
  • the space between the groups of controls may then be used for additional components, e.g. Varistors are used.
  • the above-described arrangement of a set of stacked spark gaps with controls located in groups on the outer peripheral side can be surrounded by a preferably cylindrical housing and designed as a compact assembly.
  • the controls are located on a support member having means for electrical contacting, wherein the or the support members are received by a module segment, which is part of the housing of the stack assembly.
  • the support member for the controls may be, for example, a printed circuit board and the means for electrical contacting may comprise contact pins, also in the form of spring contact pins.
  • the support member is formed as a printed circuit board
  • the circuit board carries the aforementioned contact pins, which are through openings in the respective insulating body in a position to contact the respective annular or disc-shaped electrode.
  • the respective module segment may have a receiving space for at least a portion of the respective supporting part or the printed circuit board with the controls located there for the separation of these. This increases the rollover resistance of the arrangement and causes a secure mechanical fixation of all components.
  • a lateral extension is present or located and / or formed on selected insulation bodies, which accommodates at least one control element with dimensions which are not limited by the thickness of the respective insulation body or the thickness of the disc-shaped electrodes.
  • electrical contact means for connecting the respective control element and its connection to the respective electrode can be arranged.
  • heat sinks or heat sinks can be provided between the individual stack arrangements in the common housing.
  • control elements can also be formed within the common housing.
  • the separating plates or separating discs have openings for temperature and / or pressure equalization between the individual stacking arrangements.
  • the common housing may have a pressure equalization opening.
  • Fig. 1 In the presentation after Fig. 1 is assumed by a spark gap with a plurality of series-connected, in stacked individual spark gaps, which are spaced apart by annular separation sections and provided with a contact.
  • Each Einzelfunkenzone has two disc-shaped electrodes and there are Control elements for influencing the voltage distribution over the stack arrangement provided.
  • the arrangement has two external electrical contacts 1 and 2, which can be executed, for example, as a threaded bolt or threaded bushing.
  • the threaded bolts or threaded bushes are each connected to a base plate 3, 4 leading, which serve for the attachment of module side walls, for pressure contact and cooling of the electrode stack.
  • the stack inside the assembly consists of an alternating sequence of disk-shaped electrodes 5, preferably of graphite material, and annular spacers (separation lines) 6, e.g. made of vulcanized fiber material.
  • the electrodes 5 are each guided by a ring of insulating material 7, which represents the insulating body.
  • the centering rings 7 have at least one opening which serves for the passage of contact pins of the control elements 11 toward the respective electrode 5.
  • centering ring 7 and the insulating body 7 on outer knobs, by which the position of the slot with respect to the outer controls and the module side walls is defined.
  • the centering ring 7 can also be used for cooling the partial spark gaps.
  • the response voltage can be influenced by the nature of the material or the thickness of the annular spacer, the design of the disc electrodes or by the nature of the spark gap itself.
  • the spark gap may be actively triggerable or passive, e.g. be executed as a gas discharge 8.
  • an additional terminal bracket 10 for contacting a parallel control element e.g. a varistor may be provided.
  • the contacting of the controls 11 is effected via resilient contact pins through the opening in the centering ring 7. Due to the design of resilient contact pins, a secure contact is possible at any time.
  • control elements 11 are fixed by supporting parts in the form of printed circuit boards 12 and contacted on the opposite side with the metallic base plate 4 and thus a reference potential.
  • the stack arrangement shown and the printed circuit boards are accommodated in individual module segments 13 (in the example shown four such segments), so that a closed housing is formed.
  • a separated region 14 in the module segments 13, in each of which the printed circuit board is received with the controls, can be closed by a cover plate 15 and thus protected against environmental influences.
  • connection adapter 9 and an insulating plate 16 with recesses on the edge can be seen.
  • connection adapter 9 By means of the connection adapter 9, a series connection of several stack assembly modules can take place and at the same time dissipated heat can be dissipated.
  • the insulating plate 16 is used in a series connection of several stack assembly modules and their introduction into a common tubular housing (in the Fig. 1 not shown) for mechanical guidance and pressure and moisture balance between the individual stack assembly modules.
  • the controls are on the outer circumference of the imaginary envelope of the stack assembly of electrodes, insulating spacers and centering combined in groups and arranged radially angularly offset.
  • the groups of control elements are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stacking arrangement and have the above-mentioned radial angular offset with one another, in the example shown of approximately 90 °.
  • the module segments 13 can be screwed together with the parts 3 and 4 and form a housing, so that there is the desired mechanical fixation of the stack assembly.
  • Controls 11 including their contacting and the leadership each one of the disc electrodes 5 are taken from an insulating body or guide elements 17.
  • the individual insulation bodies or guide elements 17 can be stacked and used for cooling the partial spark gaps by appropriate choice of material and geometry or via a sandwich construction.
  • the insulation body 17 in question has a lateral extension in the form of a thickening 18.
  • the individual insulation bodies 17 are arranged offset in the periphery of the stack arrangement, whereby the height of the arrangement is determined by the thickness of the disk electrodes 5 and the annular spacers or separation sections 6.
  • the Fig. 2 also shows by way of example the already described parallel to be switched control element, for example in the form of a varistor 19.
  • the voltage of the controlled partial spark gaps between the connection terminal 10 and the reference potential of the base plate 4 is limited to the ignition of the single module.
  • Fig. 2 shows insulating body 17, which are summarized in four groups.
  • FIG. 3 A basic embodiment of a series circuit of several individual modules according to the representations of the Fig. 1 and 2 is in the Fig. 3 shown.
  • a tubular or cylindrical housing 21 e.g. four individual modules 20 are arranged in series.
  • a device 22 may be provided for moisture and pressure equalization with respect to the outside environment.
  • heat sinks or heat sinks can be integrated within or between the modules.
  • These heat sinks or heat sinks can extract heat from the spark gap stack after it has been triggered, as a result of which the thermal load can be reduced.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary construction of a series connection of modules similar to those as in Fig. 3 represented here, in addition to the cutting discs 16, for example in sandwich construction, and the outer housing 21 is used to dissipate heat.
  • the contact surface 23 between the cutting disk 16 and the inner wall of the housing 21 can be increased in order to reduce the heat transfer resistance.
  • the housing 21 itself may be designed for geometry and material choice for optimum heat absorption and delivery.
  • cooling elements on the base plate or the connecting parts of the individual modules 20 may be provided. Additional cooling surfaces 23 can also take over a voltage-controlling function between the individual modules.
  • the Fig. 5a shows a basic arrangement of a passive control 24 of the partial spark gaps within a single module 20.
  • This passive control is preferably highly non-linear, for example, with the aid of capacitors as controls 11 accordingly Fig. 1 or 2 built up.
  • this control 25 can also be designed to be highly non-linear to achieve a low level of protection or linearly to even out the voltage distribution between the individual modules. This is particularly useful if the response voltage of the uncontrolled partial spark gap of the individual modules is smaller than the operating voltage.
  • the individual modules used can also be constructed differently, so that e.g. only one single module has an uncontrolled single spark gap and the remaining modules have purely passive controlled partial spark gaps.
  • FIG. 6 an alternative arrangement of individual modules 20 on a common base plate 27 is shown. This is for example advantageous if an outer housing (not shown) has a cuboid shape. Such an embodiment allows in a simple manner by means of bridges 26 above and below or on the base plate a series wiring or even a parallel wiring for higher operating voltages and higher pulse current loads.

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Éclateur comportant
    plusieurs éclateurs individuels branchés en série et disposés en un agencement empilé, qui sont espacés les uns des autres par des séparateurs annulaires (6) et qui sont pourvus d'un élément de contact (1 ; 2), les éclateurs individuels respectifs comprenant des électrodes (5) en forme de disque, et comportant en outre
    des éléments de commande (11) pour influer sur la répartition de la tension sur l'agencement empilé,
    dans lequel
    les électrodes (5) en forme de disque nécessaires pour former l'un des éclateurs individuels respectifs sont insérées dans un corps d'isolation respectif (7) et sont retenues de façon centrée par celui-ci,
    du côté périphérie extérieure de l'enveloppante de l'agencement empilé, les éléments de commande (11) sont agencés chacun individuellement ou en étant réunis en groupes et en décalage angulaire radial,
    caractérisé en ce que
    un évidement pour recevoir l'électrode (5) respective en forme de disque est présent dans le corps d'isolation respectif (7), évidement dont la forme correspond au contour de l'électrode respective (5), l'évidement possédant du côté périphérie intérieure des saillies de centrage ou des becs de centrage, et le séparateur annulaire (6) respectif se trouve en outre entre des corps d'isolation (7) respectifs voisins et est fixé par ceux-ci,
    les éléments de commande (11) se trouvent sur une partie de support (12) qui comprend des moyens destinés au contact électrique, les parties de support (12) étant reçues chacune par un segment modulaire (13) qui fait partie d'un boîtier ayant des plaques de base (3 ; 4), les segments modulaires (13) étant assemblés par vissage avec les plaques de base (3 ; 4) en formant un boîtier fermé, et la partie de support respective (12) étant une carte à circuits imprimés qui reçoit des plots de contact élastiques qui viennent en contact avec l'électrode correspondante (5) par des ouvertures dans le corps d'isolation respectif (7).
  2. Éclateur selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel
    le décalage angulaire s'étend en forme spiralée.
  3. Éclateur selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel
    les groupes d'éléments de commande (11) s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'agencement empilé, et un décalage angulaire radial se présente d'un groupe à l'autre.
  4. Éclateur selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel
    le segment annulaire respectif (13) présente un espace de réception pour au moins une portion de la partie de support respective (12) avec les éléments de commande (11) qui s'y trouvent pour la séparation de ceux-ci.
  5. Éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel
    pour des tensions de fonctionnement plus élevées, plusieurs agencements empilés sont logés dans un boîtier commun (21), et des plaques de séparation ou des rondelles de séparation (16) sont prévues entre les agencements empilés individuels, lesquelles servent aussi bien au guidage mécanique qu'à la protection électrique.
  6. Éclateur selon la revendication 5,
    dans lequel
    des dissipateurs thermiques, des corps de refroidissement ou des surfaces de refroidissement supplémentaires sont prévus entre les agencements empilés individuels, qui assurent également une fonction de commande de tension.
  7. Éclateur selon la revendication 5 ou 6,
    dans lequel
    d'autres éléments de commande sont agencés entre tous les agencements empilés ou entre des agencements empilés choisis, à l'intérieur du boîtier commun (21).
  8. Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7,
    dans lequel
    les plaques de séparation ou les rondelles de séparation (16) présentent des ouvertures pour la compensation de température et/ou de pression.
  9. Éclateur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8,
    dans lequel
    une ouverture de compensation de pression est prévue dans le boîtier commun (21).
EP12194155.3A 2012-01-11 2012-11-26 Éclateur composé de plusieurs éclateurs individuels commutés en série, se trouvant dans un agencement empilé Not-in-force EP2615703B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012000387 2012-01-11
DE102012007102A DE102012007102A1 (de) 2012-01-11 2012-02-16 Funkenstrecke mit mehreren in Reihe geschalteten, in Stapelanordnung befindlichen Einzelfunkenstrecken

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2615703A2 EP2615703A2 (fr) 2013-07-17
EP2615703A3 EP2615703A3 (fr) 2015-04-15
EP2615703B1 true EP2615703B1 (fr) 2019-03-06

Family

ID=47357926

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12194155.3A Not-in-force EP2615703B1 (fr) 2012-01-11 2012-11-26 Éclateur composé de plusieurs éclateurs individuels commutés en série, se trouvant dans un agencement empilé

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2615703B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012007102A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3069383B1 (fr) * 2017-07-20 2023-01-20 Anyi Zheng Electrode composee pour parafoudre basse tension a multi eclateurs en serie
DE102018132088B3 (de) 2018-12-13 2020-06-18 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Halteelement zum Halten einer Elektrode einer Funkenstrecke, Anordnung sowie Funkenstrecke mit wenigstens einem Halteelement
DE102019109542A1 (de) * 2019-04-11 2020-10-15 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Mehrfach-Funkenstrecke in Stapelanordnung mit Multikontaktbauelement zur Kontaktierung und Triggerung
LU501964B1 (de) 2022-04-28 2023-10-30 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Mehrfachfunkenstrecke für ein Überspannungsschutzgerät

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE395286C (de) 1924-05-17 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co UEberspannungsableiter
CH210132A (de) 1937-12-10 1940-06-15 Sprecher & Schuh Ag In eine Anlage eingebauter Überspannungsableiter mit gesteuerter Mehrfach-Funkenstrecke.
CH215001A (de) 1940-06-11 1941-05-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter für Hoch- und Höchstspannungen.
CH252433A (de) 1945-05-02 1947-12-31 Hermes Patentverwertungs Gmbh Uberspannungsableiter mit Löschfunkenstrecke.
US3019367A (en) * 1957-01-04 1962-01-30 Ohio Brass Co Lighting arrester and gap unit therefor
DE1256306B (de) 1958-11-17 1967-12-14 Licentia Gmbh Loeschfunkenstrecke mit scheibenfoermigen Elektroden und Isolierdistanzstuecken
DE1169021B (de) * 1960-05-11 1964-04-30 Siemens Ag Loeschfunkenstrecke fuer UEberspannungsableiter
US3320482A (en) * 1964-06-02 1967-05-16 Gen Electric Lightning arrester for high energy switching surges
US3259780A (en) * 1964-07-06 1966-07-05 Gen Electric Electric gap device using porous material in the arc chamber
DE2364034C3 (de) 1973-12-21 1985-08-22 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Überspannungsableiter
JPS57501454A (fr) 1980-08-28 1982-08-12
DE19742302A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-08 Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg Blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2615703A3 (fr) 2015-04-15
EP2615703A2 (fr) 2013-07-17
DE102012007102A1 (de) 2013-07-11

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