EP2740173A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP2740173A1
EP2740173A1 EP12738407.1A EP12738407A EP2740173A1 EP 2740173 A1 EP2740173 A1 EP 2740173A1 EP 12738407 A EP12738407 A EP 12738407A EP 2740173 A1 EP2740173 A1 EP 2740173A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
components
water
cell system
cooling circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12738407.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Baur
Cosimo Mazzotta
Hans-Jörg SCHABEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of EP2740173A1 publication Critical patent/EP2740173A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the fuel cell system The fuel cell system
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell according to the type defined in greater detail in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a fuel cell system.
  • Fuel cell systems are known from the general state of the art. Frequently, fuel cell systems have fuel cells, which are designed in the form of so-called PEM fuel cells. Such fuel cell systems are preferably used in mobile applications, such as in motor vehicles, for at least partially generating the electrical propulsion energy. In such fuel cell systems, it is common for various system components, such as an air supply subsystem, a fuel supply subsystem, and the like, to be present. As a matter of principle, product water is produced in the area of the fuel cell and has to be removed
  • Fuel cell systems generally include at least one, but typically multiple, water separators for separating dropletized liquid water from gas streams from and / or to the fuel cell.
  • Water separators are generally equipped with water pipes for discharging the water, for example for further use within the fuel cell system or to the outside of the fuel cell system.
  • Coolant further single cells are connected and flows through the coolant. This serves for rapid heating of the coolant and can thus ensure rapid heating of the fuel cell stack.
  • a cooling circuit for the fuel cell system is formed so that in the cold start case, a bypass is provided around the cooling heat exchanger for dissipating the heat from the cooling circuit, so that the cooling circuit itself heats up faster.
  • an additional heating element for example an electric heater, can also be provided in the cooling circuit.
  • electrical heating elements are generally provided in the region of the water-conducting components and components, for example in the region of water separators.
  • the cooling device comprises two
  • Cooling circuits a low-temperature cooling circuit and a
  • High-temperature cooling circuit Part of the high-temperature cooling circuit is a heat exchanger in the fuel cell itself, which dissipates their waste heat.
  • a hydrogen circulation blower in which the electric drive motor must be cooled, may be part of the refrigeration cycle. In the cold start case is then by the heatingdemed ' rum in the fuel cell the
  • Hydrogen circulation fan with heated. If necessary, frozen water will be thawed in the area of the blower.
  • the object of the present invention is now to avoid this problem and to provide a fuel cell system, which is designed so that it ensures a quick and reliable start of the fuel cell system at temperatures below freezing and thereby has a comparatively low energy consumption.
  • the solution according to the invention provides that the water-conducting components and components are in thermal contact with the cooling medium, at least during individual operating phases of the fuel cell.
  • the electric heating of the optionally frozen liquid water leading components and Components is the heating in the fuel cell system according to the invention so that these components with the cooling medium of the cooling circuit of the
  • Fuel cell system are brought into thermal contact. Since the cooling circuit of the fuel cell itself is typically heated by appropriate measures - as explained above - very quickly to ensure a quick start of the fuel cell itself, is in the area of the cooling circuit comparatively quickly above a freezing temperature, which thawing the corresponding water-bearing components, such as water and water drains, can be used. This saves energy by electrically heating these components. The comparatively quickly available energy in the cooling water is sufficient to thaw the critical water-bearing components and components and so, after the
  • the water-carrying components and components have heat exchangers, which are flowed through by the cooling medium.
  • This heat exchanger which may be formed in the form of double-walled components or components according to an advantageous development of the idea, whose space is traversed between the inner and the outer wall of the cooling water, thus allowing the very direct contact with the cooling medium, thereby thawing the components can be done easily and efficiently.
  • High temperature cooling circuit are in thermal contact.
  • This structure makes use of the high-temperature cooling circuit, which typically comprises the fuel cell and which heats up comparatively quickly to a comparatively high temperature level, in addition to the rapid heating of the fuel cell and the thawing of the water-carrying components and components to realize.
  • This structure is particularly efficient because of the higher temperature level of the
  • the cooling circuit is switched in a first mode of operation so that the cooling circuit circulates only in at least part of the fuel cell and at least one of the water-bearing components and components.
  • the one or more water-conducting components and components can therefore be at a quick start of
  • the particularly preferred application of the fuel cell system according to the invention is that it can be started very simply and efficiently, with little energy being required to thaw the water-carrying components, which previously had to be stored in an energy store. This results in a very simple and energy-efficient system, which is particularly suitable for use under adverse environmental conditions, such as for starting at temperatures below freezing.
  • the fuel cell system according to the invention is therefore preferably to be provided in vehicles which are frequently exposed to such adverse environmental conditions, and in which the provision of the energy required to start the system can be realized only with considerable effort.
  • a fuel cell system 1 according to the invention is shown. It comprises a fuel cell 2, which has an anode region 3 and a cathode region 4.
  • the anode region 3 of the fuel cell 2 is supplied from a compressed gas storage 5 via a throttle valve 6 hydrogen.
  • the unused exhaust gas from the region of the anode chamber 3 passes via a recirculation line 7 and a recirculation conveyor 8 back into the region of the anode chamber 3, which this is supplied together with fresh hydrogen from the compressed gas storage 5 again.
  • This structure is also commonly known as anode loop. He is for the embodiment shown here purely by way of example. In principle, it would also be conceivable to use fuel cell 2 without an anode loop, for example as a dead-end fuel cell or with a discharge of the unused exhaust gas
  • the cathode compartment 4 of the fuel cell 2 is fed via an air conveyor 9 filtered fresh air as an oxygen supplier.
  • This fresh air supplied can flow in a manner not shown, but known per se, for example by a humidifier to be moistened and the
  • the fuel cell 2 itself then supplies electrical power and generates product water, which is removed in the region of the exhaust gas streams.
  • the structure of the anode space 3 and the cathode space 4 typically consists of a plurality of small gas-carrying channels, which feed the educts to the polymer electrolyte membranes, the entry of water should be prevented in this area, since this can clog the channels accordingly.
  • water separators are provided at various points, which remove this liquid water from the product and educt streams and lead this liquid out of the system. Purely by way of example are in the illustrated embodiment of the
  • the fuel cell system 1 Since waste heat is also generated in the fuel cell 2 in addition to the product water and the exhaust gases, the fuel cell system 1 also has a cooling circuit 16.
  • This cooling circuit 16 cools the fuel cell 2 through a heat exchanger 17 a liquid cooling medium and releases the heat collected by the cooling medium in the regular operation via a cooling heat exchanger 18 to the environment.
  • the liquid cooling medium is circulated in the cooling circuit 16 by means of a coolant delivery device 19.
  • the cooling circuit 16 for cooling the fuel cell 2 may comprise further peripheral parts and components to be cooled, as is known and customary from the general state of the art. To simplify the presentation, these have not been drawn here.
  • the cooling circuit 16 will also include a bypass 20 around the cooling heat exchanger 18, which can be switched via a valve device 21 so that in the cold start case of the fuel cell 2, the cooling medium does not flow through the cooling heat exchanger 18 and accordingly does not cool.
  • the fuel cell 2 and the entire fuel cell system 1 are thereby heated faster and come faster to the required operating temperature for starting the fuel cell system 1. This is also known from the general state of the art.
  • These heat exchangers 22, 23, 24 are arranged in liquid water leading components and components, which are not cooled in the embodiments of the prior art.
  • the heat exchanger 22 is arranged here in the region of the water separator 11, the heat exchanger 23 in the region of the water outlet 15 and the heat exchanger 24 in the region of the heat exchanger 10.
  • Other water-bearing or water-contacting components and components such as humidifiers, turbines, valves, throttle bodies, throttle valves, filter cartridges and Rezirkulationsgebläse could also with such
  • Heat exchangers are provided.
  • Integrated cooling circuit 16 which is already operated in the cold start case, even if the liquid cooling medium does not flow through the cooling heat exchanger 18. If it now comes to a start of the fuel cell system 1, then the fuel cell 2 is heated in a conventional manner by starting the fuel cell 2. Its cooling water also heats up comparatively quickly, in particular if the entire liquid cooling medium is conducted only via the bypass 20 and not through the cooling heat exchanger 18. In these situations, the heat exchangers 22, 23 and 24 are flowed through by the already heating cooling medium. If the fuel cell system 1 has been left at temperatures below freezing before starting, it may have come in the water separator 10, 1 1 and the water drains 15, 14 to freeze this water. The lines are clogged accordingly and can not be used at the start of the fuel cell system 1. This leads to malfunctions of the system. Due to the possibility of these otherwise not cooled components and components now with the warm cooling medium in the
  • Components must provide their full functionality.
  • the use of energy is significantly more energy efficient compared to thawing with electrical heating elements, which are known in the field of these components from the prior art, so that at the start of the fuel cell system 1 a significantly smaller amount of energy must be kept, which in turn minimizes energy storage devices in size and cost ,
  • Cooling circuit 16 by closing the optional valve devices 25, 26, 27, a shutdown of the heat exchangers 22, 23, 24 done so that they are no longer part of the cooling circuit and, accordingly, not from the liquid cooling medium must be flowed through. In this case, it must be weighed whether the expense with regard to control and installation space for the valve devices 25, 26, 27 justifies the reduction of the pressure losses in this area of the cooling circuit.
  • the heat exchanger 22, 23, 24 simply constantly flow through during normal operation, as a cooling or possibly also a heating of the separator 10, 11 and the water discharge 15 on the
  • Temperature level of the cooling circuit 16 for the regular operation of the fuel cell is not critical.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (1) comprenant au moins une pile à combustible (2), des éléments et des composants (10, 11, 14, 15) à écoulement d'eau disposés dans la région de l'amenée et de l'évacuation des réactifs et des produits vers la pile à combustible (2) et depuis cette dernière, au moins un circuit de refroidissement (16) utilisant un fluide de refroidissement liquide pour refroidir la pile à combustible (2). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que les éléments et composants (10, 11, 14, 15) de circulation d'eau, sont en contact thermique avec le fluide de refroidissement au moins pendant certaines phases de fonctionnement de la pile à combustible (2).
EP12738407.1A 2011-08-05 2012-07-21 Système de pile à combustible Withdrawn EP2740173A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011109645A DE102011109645A1 (de) 2011-08-05 2011-08-05 Brennstoffzellensystem
PCT/EP2012/003089 WO2013020646A1 (fr) 2011-08-05 2012-07-21 Système de pile à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2740173A1 true EP2740173A1 (fr) 2014-06-11

Family

ID=46578985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12738407.1A Withdrawn EP2740173A1 (fr) 2011-08-05 2012-07-21 Système de pile à combustible

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140205925A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2740173A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014524638A (fr)
CN (1) CN103718364A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011109645A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013020646A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013207108A1 (de) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Volkswagen Ag Wasserabscheider, Vorrichtung zur Rückführung eines Anodengases in einen Brennstoffzellenstapel und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102021103449A1 (de) * 2021-02-15 2022-08-18 Man Truck & Bus Se Verdunstungskühlung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Brennstoffzellenantrieb
DE102021203106A1 (de) * 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Brennstoffzellensystem
EP4156349B1 (fr) * 2021-09-24 2024-03-20 Airbus Operations GmbH Système de piles à combustible à séparation améliorée entre le liquide de refroidissement et l'hydrogène
WO2025119549A1 (fr) * 2023-12-06 2025-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de pile à combustible, et système de pile à combustible

Family Cites Families (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19961825A1 (de) * 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Kühl-Heiz-Kreis mit zwei Kühlern
JP2003217623A (ja) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-31 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子形燃料電池発電装置
JP4140294B2 (ja) * 2002-07-05 2008-08-27 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
DE10237164A1 (de) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzellenanlage
DE102004017434A1 (de) 2003-05-03 2004-12-30 Daimlerchrysler Ag PEM-Brennstoffzellen Stack mit schneller Startphase
FR2862811B1 (fr) * 2003-11-20 2006-03-17 Renault Sas Dispositif et procede de refroidissement d'une pile a combustible
DE102004039417A1 (de) * 2004-08-13 2006-02-23 Daimlerchrysler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
JP4643972B2 (ja) * 2004-11-08 2011-03-02 本田技研工業株式会社 燃料電池システム
US8241806B2 (en) * 2004-11-08 2012-08-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system
DE102004056952A1 (de) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-08 Nucellsys Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem mit Flüssigkeitsabscheider
DE102006002470A1 (de) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem zur Versorgung mit Trinkwasser und Sauerstoff
CN101432920B (zh) * 2006-04-25 2012-06-27 松下电器产业株式会社 燃料电池系统
JP2008181741A (ja) * 2007-01-24 2008-08-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池の運転方法
JP2008251335A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムの暖機装置
JP2009009762A (ja) * 2007-06-27 2009-01-15 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2010182518A (ja) * 2009-02-05 2010-08-19 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
DE102009013776A1 (de) 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Daimler Ag Kühlvorrichtungen für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
JP2011014429A (ja) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-20 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102011109645A1 (de) 2013-02-07
JP2014524638A (ja) 2014-09-22
WO2013020646A1 (fr) 2013-02-14
US20140205925A1 (en) 2014-07-24
CN103718364A (zh) 2014-04-09

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