EP2761157A2 - Zylinderkopf mit einem integrierten abgaskrümmer für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung eines gussbauteils, insbesondere eines zylinderkopfs für eine brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Zylinderkopf mit einem integrierten abgaskrümmer für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung eines gussbauteils, insbesondere eines zylinderkopfs für eine brennkraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2761157A2 EP2761157A2 EP12756106.6A EP12756106A EP2761157A2 EP 2761157 A2 EP2761157 A2 EP 2761157A2 EP 12756106 A EP12756106 A EP 12756106A EP 2761157 A2 EP2761157 A2 EP 2761157A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- coating
- casting
- exhaust manifold
- casting core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
- F02F1/4264—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
- F02F1/4264—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
- F02F1/4271—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels with an exhaust liner
Definitions
- Cylinder head with an integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine and method for producing a cast component in particular a cylinder head for a
- the invention relates to a cylinder head with an integrated exhaust manifold for a
- the invention relates to a method for producing a cast component, preferably made of a light metal, in particular a cylinder head with an integrated exhaust manifold, wherein a casting core is provided and the casting core of a
- Casting has a distance, and in which the cavity is filled with a casting material which forms the cast component after solidification and separation of the casting tool and the casting core.
- the exhaust gas is cooled, so that there is an unfavorable response to an exhaust gas turbocharger arranged in the exhaust stream.
- the shape of the inlet and outlet channel is in conventional casting by means of a
- the best possible thermal insulation of the cylinder head is desired at least in the exhaust duct to favor the post-reactions of the exhaust gases and to transport as much energy to the turbine of the turbocharger in an internal combustion engine with turbocharger. At the same time as little heat should be directed into the cylinder head to reduce the thermal stress on the cylinder head.
- a cast component made of a light metal with an insert made of metal is known for example from the document DE 101 53 306 B4.
- the insert is integrated by pouring into the cast component. Through the insert locally the material properties, such as the wear resistance, the mechanical strength or the thermal
- the known ceramic inserts have the disadvantage that when cooling the casting and in engine operation, large forces act on the ceramic shell. Therefore, the shape of the ceramic inserts
- Ceramic insert be designed so that it does not come to break this very brittle material.
- the document DE 39 15 988 A1 describes a cylinder head with a cast-sheet metal channel, wherein between the sheet metal channel and the casting an air gap as
- the sheet metal channel can also be coated with a ceramic and / or be executed in two layers.
- the invention has the object to avoid the disadvantages of the known embodiments.
- a thermal insulation is to be created, which can be realized at any portion of the exhaust manifold, only a small production cost and needs compared to the cylinder head has sufficient heat insulation.
- a cylinder head in which a coating forming the surface of the exhaust manifold consists, at least in sections, of a thermally resistant and insulating material.
- the coating is formed of a metal and / or a ceramic.
- the coating may be provided on the entire inner surface of the exhaust manifold and the gas exchange channels in the cylinder head. It is also possible that the coating is arranged only in certain sections of the exhaust manifold and / or the gas exchange channels in limited areas or only individual gas exchange channels have a complete or partial coating. It has proved to be advantageous to apply the coating only in the areas of the surface in which thermal insulation is necessary and / or particularly effective.
- the coating consists of a steel with alloying elements, which is resistant to corrosion in particular at a temperature which is elevated in relation to the ambient temperature.
- the ambient temperature is a temperature of approximately 20 ° C.
- An elevated temperature relative to the ambient temperature is above 90 ° C, in particular in a range of 600 to 1100 ° C.
- alloying elements chromium and / or nickel have proven themselves.
- the steel has a share of about 13 percent chromium.
- the steel has a share of about 18 percent chromium.
- a further increase in the resistance of the steel is achieved if the steel has, in addition to chromium, another alloying element, for example nickel.
- a possible breakdown of the shares in the steel is about 18 percent chromium and about 10 percent nickel.
- Particularly suitable is a steel has proven, the alloying element is aluminum. The proportion of aluminum is about 10 to 20 percent. at
- a ceramic material for the coating has zirconia, alumina, chromium oxide and / or titanium oxide as advantageous insulating materials for
- the layer thickness of the coating is between 0.2 and 20 millimeters, preferably 0.5 to 3 millimeters thick.
- the layer thickness depends on the desired insulating effect and the required stability in the cast state.
- the coating can vary in thickness within a section.
- a method in which at least partially a thermally insulating coating is applied to the casting core.
- This makes it possible to equip selectively defined areas of the gas channels in the cylinder head with a thermally insulating coating.
- This is possible by applying the coating on the casting core with low production costs and individualized.
- the coating by means of a spraying method, for example, electric arc wire spraying or flame spraying.
- the contact surface is roughened before filling the cavity, preferably before enclosing the casting core by the casting tool with the casting material.
- the contact surface is assigned to the casting material and the surface to the gas channel. In this case, the surface and contact surface are generally opposite boundary surfaces of the coating.
- the casting material is, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, which is introduced into the cavity by means of a customary casting method, such as gravity casting or low-pressure casting.
- the casting core is provided with a protective layer at least in the region of the subsequent coating before the application of the coating.
- the protective layer is, for example, a sizing agent customary in foundry technology, in particular a finely ground, refractory to highly refractory material such as a ceramic.
- a foundry core of sand protective layers of a refractory silicate with a binder in a carrier liquid have proven to be practicable.
- the protective layer may cover the same area covered by the later applied coating. The area which is provided with the protective layer, but may also be smaller or larger than the area on which the coating is applied.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head
- Figure 2 is a sectional schematic representation of a section of the cylinder head
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a three-dimensional view of a casting core for the production of the cylinder head
- FIG. 4 is a sectional schematic representation of a section of a casting tool
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the method for producing the cylinder head
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 1 with a cylinder head 2.
- An exhaust manifold 3 is an integral part of the cylinder head 2.
- Exhaust manifold 3 and cylinder head 2 are a monolithic cast component 4 made of a light metal.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectioned schematic illustration of a section of the cylinder head 2 in the region of the exhaust manifold 3 with a gas exchange channel 5
- Gas exchange channel 5 consists in sections of a coating 7.
- the coating 7 is made of a thermally stable and insulating material. This can be a metal, a ceramic or a combination of metal and ceramic.
- the layer thickness 8 of the coating 7 is in the illustrated embodiment, a millimeter, with other layer thicknesses 8 can be realized.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a spatial view of a casting core 9 for producing the cylinder head 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the coating 7 shown in FIG. 2 is applied in sections to the casting core 9.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectioned schematic illustration of a section of a two-part casting tool 10 for producing the cylinder head 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the casting core 9 is arranged in the casting tool 10. In this case, the casting core 9 and the casting tool 10 to form a cavity 17 at a distance from each other.
- the casting core 9 and the casting tool 10 to form a cavity 17 at a distance from each other.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the method 11 for producing the cylinder head 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the casting core 9 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is provided 12. Then, a thermally insulating coating 7 is applied to the casting core 9 in sections 13. Before the application 13 of the coating 7, the casting core 9 can optionally be provided with a protective layer 14.
- the coating 7 is applied 13 by means of an injection method, for example of the arc wire spraying or of the flame spraying.
- the casting core 9 is enclosed by the casting tool 10.
- the casting tool 10 is in two parts. If the casting tool 10 is closed, the cavity 17 is filled with a casting material 18. Then the casting material 18 solidifies 20 to the cast component 4 and thereby connects positively and / or non-positively with the coating 7. Finally, the casting member 4 from the casting tool 10. The coating 7 thereby remains on the cast component 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201110114771 DE102011114771A1 (de) | 2011-10-01 | 2011-10-01 | Zylinderkopf mit einem integrierten Abgaskrümmer für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils, insbesondere eines Zylinderkopfs für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| PCT/EP2012/003672 WO2013045018A2 (de) | 2011-10-01 | 2012-09-03 | Zylinderkopf mit einem integrierten abgaskrümmer für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung eines gussbauteils, insbesondere eines zylinderkopfs für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2761157A2 true EP2761157A2 (de) | 2014-08-06 |
Family
ID=46801428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12756106.6A Withdrawn EP2761157A2 (de) | 2011-10-01 | 2012-09-03 | Zylinderkopf mit einem integrierten abgaskrümmer für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung eines gussbauteils, insbesondere eines zylinderkopfs für eine brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2761157A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102011114771A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013045018A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013216293A1 (de) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zylinderkopf und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes |
| DE102013216294A1 (de) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkopfes einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102016201166B3 (de) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-05-04 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fremdgezündete flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine mit gekühltem Zylinderkopf |
| US9784169B2 (en) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-10-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Two-port integrated exhaust manifold for an internal combustion engine having three cylinders |
| DE102022117130A1 (de) | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-24 | FEV Europe GmbH | Abgaskrümmer, Zylinderkopf und Verfahren zur Auslegung von Abgaskrümmern |
Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1075951A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | 1967-07-19 | Jeremy Robert Goddin | Improvements in or relating to fluid-operated or fluid-operating machines of the reciprocatory type |
| DE2354254A1 (de) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-05-09 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Verfahren zur herstellung eines waermeisolierenden gusserzeugnisses |
| FR2431335A1 (fr) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-15 | Peugeot | Procede de revetement de cavites internes de pieces moulees, notamment de chapelles d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne |
| EP0146731A2 (de) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-03 | Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper |
| US4604779A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1986-08-12 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method of producing a cylinder head with a port liner |
| EP0280480A2 (de) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-08-31 | Carboride Corporation | Keramische Wand und Methode zur Herstellung |
| DE3915988A1 (de) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-14 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Zylinderkopf einer brennkraftmaschine |
| EP0440093A1 (de) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-08-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Gusswerkstück mit keramischer Verstärkungseinlage und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE4130917A1 (de) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-03-19 | Japan Electronic Control Syst | Aus keramik bestehende auskleidung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US5251683A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-10-12 | General Motors Corporation | Method of making a cylinder head or other article with cast in-situ ceramic tubes |
| US5320909A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-06-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic thermal barrier coating for rapid thermal cycling applications |
| EP1231373A1 (de) * | 1999-11-04 | 2002-08-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Auslasskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE10130408A1 (de) * | 2001-06-23 | 2003-01-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| EP1715169A1 (de) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Nissan Motor Company Limited | Trennblech für Einlasskanal eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE102007026123A1 (de) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Volkswagen Ag | Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE10153306B4 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2010-07-15 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Eingießen eines Einlegeteils |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2077386B1 (de) * | 2008-01-07 | 2016-09-28 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Zylinderkopf mit im Zylinderkopf integriertem Abgaskrümmer |
-
2011
- 2011-10-01 DE DE201110114771 patent/DE102011114771A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-09-03 EP EP12756106.6A patent/EP2761157A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-09-03 WO PCT/EP2012/003672 patent/WO2013045018A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1075951A (en) * | 1962-10-09 | 1967-07-19 | Jeremy Robert Goddin | Improvements in or relating to fluid-operated or fluid-operating machines of the reciprocatory type |
| DE2354254A1 (de) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-05-09 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Verfahren zur herstellung eines waermeisolierenden gusserzeugnisses |
| FR2431335A1 (fr) * | 1978-07-21 | 1980-02-15 | Peugeot | Procede de revetement de cavites internes de pieces moulees, notamment de chapelles d'echappement de moteur a combustion interne |
| EP0146731A2 (de) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-03 | Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper |
| US4604779A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1986-08-12 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Method of producing a cylinder head with a port liner |
| EP0280480A2 (de) * | 1987-02-24 | 1988-08-31 | Carboride Corporation | Keramische Wand und Methode zur Herstellung |
| DE3915988A1 (de) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-14 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Zylinderkopf einer brennkraftmaschine |
| EP0440093A1 (de) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-08-07 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Gusswerkstück mit keramischer Verstärkungseinlage und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE4130917A1 (de) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-03-19 | Japan Electronic Control Syst | Aus keramik bestehende auskleidung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US5251683A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-10-12 | General Motors Corporation | Method of making a cylinder head or other article with cast in-situ ceramic tubes |
| US5320909A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1994-06-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic thermal barrier coating for rapid thermal cycling applications |
| EP1231373A1 (de) * | 1999-11-04 | 2002-08-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Auslasskanal einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE10130408A1 (de) * | 2001-06-23 | 2003-01-02 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE10153306B4 (de) * | 2001-10-31 | 2010-07-15 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Eingießen eines Einlegeteils |
| EP1715169A1 (de) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-10-25 | Nissan Motor Company Limited | Trennblech für Einlasskanal eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE102007026123A1 (de) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Volkswagen Ag | Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2013045018A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013045018A3 (de) | 2014-01-23 |
| WO2013045018A2 (de) | 2013-04-04 |
| DE102011114771A1 (de) | 2013-04-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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