EP3248073A1 - Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät - Google Patents
Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP3248073A1 EP3248073A1 EP16701277.2A EP16701277A EP3248073A1 EP 3248073 A1 EP3248073 A1 EP 3248073A1 EP 16701277 A EP16701277 A EP 16701277A EP 3248073 A1 EP3248073 A1 EP 3248073A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal processing
- semiconductor substrate
- switching device
- safety switching
- semiconductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24008—Safety integrity level, safety integrated systems SIL SIS
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24024—Safety, surveillance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24182—Redundancy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic safety switching device having at least a first and a second signal processing channel to which input signals can be supplied for signal processing and provide the processed output signals, wherein the first and the second signal processing channel, the input signals processed redundantly with each other, and wherein the first and the second signal processing channel are each constructed using integrated semiconductor structures.
- Such a safety switching device is for example from DE 100 53 820 A1
- Safety switching devices of the type mentioned are mainly in industrial
- Safety relays carry out defined safety functions. For example, they ensure a controlled and thus safe shutdown of a movement of a technical system or serve to monitor the position of movable guards.
- safety switching devices are designed to initiate a safe and reliable reaction in the event of a fault and in the event of a violation of the protected areas.
- safety switching devices must first pass through a corresponding approval by a permissible supervisory authority before they can be used in the industrial sector. In Germany, for example, the professional association or the TÜV carries out such approvals.
- Relevant standards for functional safety include DIN EN 61508 for the development of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic (E / E / PE) systems or EN 6151 1 for the development of safety-related systems for the process industry.
- these standards set safety requirement levels (SIL), which are relevant to the assessment of (E / E / PE) systems in relation to the reliability of safety radio equipment. serve.
- Safety switching devices in the sense of the present invention are devices which satisfy at least the requirements of SIL 2.
- required error safety is to build the safety relay multi-channel redundant, with at least two signal processing channels monitor each other. If an error occurs in one of the signal processing channels, the second signal processing channel is able to recognize it and bring about a situation which is safe for persons in the area of the machine installation. Particular attention must be paid in this approach to possible causes of failure that affect several or all redundant signal processing channels in the same way (so-called common cause error), otherwise the required error safety can not be guaranteed.
- a frequently practiced procedure for the approval of safety switching devices by the competent supervisory authorities is that the designer or manufacturer of the safety switching device must submit a detailed and detailed error consideration, in which every conceivable error is detected. It must be proven that the safety relay can reliably cause a safe state for persons even when the respective fault occurs. Such consideration is very complex especially in complex safety switching devices with numerous functions, which adversely affects the cost of development and production. In addition, this error consideration must be repeated even with minor changes to the structure or in the structure of the safety relay, since, for example, only by a spatially different arrangement of the same components new sources of error can be generated.
- Safety switching device in which essential components of the redundant signal processing channels are formed from semiconductor integrated circuits, which are arranged on a single semiconductor chip.
- This so-called on-chip redundancy in which a single integrated and unchangeable component is provided while maintaining the separate signal processing channels, has the advantage that the information required for the admission required by the supervisory authority to carry out an error consideration only once. Subsequent reviews may then be limited to quantitatively verifying compliance with the specifications set in the development of the semiconductor chip, in particular compliance with intended physical dimensions and materials used.
- this object is achieved by an initially mentioned safety switching device in which the first signal processing channel is arranged monolithically on a first semiconductor substrate and the second signal processing channel is monolithically disposed on a second semiconductor substrate, wherein the first and the second semiconductor substrate are assembled into a stack and form a one-piece electronic component.
- the present invention uses, in contrast to known on-chip redundancy systems, two separate semiconductor substrates which are stacked on top of each other to form a single electronic component in which the integrated circuits of one signal processing channel form first level, which lies above a corresponding second level with the integrated circuits of the other signal processing channel.
- the two separate semiconductor substrates are advantageously in two mutually parallel planes, which are offset in a direction orthogonal to the planes to each other.
- the individual integrated circuits on the respective semiconductor substrate can be designed independently of one another, without having to take into account the special architecture requirements which are placed on integrated circuits with on-chip redundancy.
- the design of integrated circuits can be simplified by, for example, using a standard integrated processing unit design.
- the integrated circuits can be arranged effectively and space-saving on the respective semiconductor substrate, without having to comply with special safety requirements, which in turn can be saved in manufacturing costs.
- the new safety switching device has the advantage that the stack of the two semiconductor substrates can be combined to form a one-piece component. Integral means in this context, in particular, that the finished electronic component is no longer changeable in retrospect. In other words, the structure of the electronic component is already set in unchangeable form during development and construction, but the final component is assembled from separate semiconductor substrates into the one-piece component during the manufacturing process.
- the semiconductor substrates in the stack are preferably placed directly on one another and permanently connected to one another to form the one-piece component.
- the one-piece component is enveloped in the stack by a potting compound which forms a positive fit around the semiconductor substrates, resulting in an integrated, multi-channel logic component which is positioned on a printed circuit board, for example in automated assembly processes can.
- An error consideration in the approval by a supervisory authority must be advantageously made only once and subsequent reviews may be limited to the compliance of the necessary design rules. Such checks are simpler and less expensive than a new, complete error consideration.
- the new safety switching device thus combines the advantages of an on-chip redundancy system with the advantages of a system that is constructed with two independently redundant signal processing systems. The above task is thus completely solved.
- the stack has a further semiconductor substrate.
- a further semiconductor substrate is arranged in the stack, which is either constructed in a similar way as the other semiconductor substrates or contains structures which are otherwise structured. tiger functions.
- SoS system-on-stack
- the further semiconductor layer is formed as a control and memory structure, which may include, for example, a comparator, a "watchdog", interfaces to the periphery or RAM / ROM memory.
- the signal processing units can be constructed in a particularly simple manner and, if appropriate, resort to a standard design, wherein shared elements can be arranged on the further semiconductor substrate.
- various components can be combined to form a "system-on-stack" in order to realize robust and cost-effective safety relays.
- by the arrangement of the other elements of a safety switching device within the one-piece component further causes of error can be reliably excluded from the outset. In particular, cabling errors, such as can occur when wiring discrete components with conductor cables, can thus be avoided.
- the further semiconductor substrate is arranged in the stack between the first and the second semiconductor substrate.
- the first semiconductor substrate covers a first side of the other
- the stack is structured like a layer system, wherein the further semiconductor substrate forms a middle layer.
- the first and second semiconductor substrates cover the other one Semiconductor substrate on the respective side completely.
- the middle layer in particular memory structures arranged thereon, is physically protected by the first and the second semiconductor substrate layer so that particle and wave influences on the middle layer can be minimized.
- "sensitive" RAM memory can be reliably protected from external influences.
- first and the second semiconductor substrate are arranged spaced apart from one another in the stack.
- the first and second semiconductor substrates are not directly adjacent to one another in the stack, but are spatially separated from one another.
- This measure has the advantage that the integrated semiconductor structures of the semiconductor substrates can be arranged at a distance from one another, thereby physically avoiding crosstalk of signals or short circuits between the processing units.
- Semiconductor substrate arranged an insulating layer and / or another semiconductor substrate.
- the first and the second semiconductor substrate can be arranged at a defined distance from each other.
- an isolation layer can be inserted to electrically decouple the two semiconductor substrates from each other, thereby eliminating crosstalk and short circuits between the integrated semiconductor structures.
- a further semiconductor substrate may also be arranged between the first and the second semiconductor substrate, which performs functions which are used by the semiconductor circuits on the first semiconductor substrate and / or the second semiconductor substrate. It is understood that a combination consisting of insulating layers and semiconductor substrates as an intermediate layer can be used to combine the advantages mentioned.
- the stack has at least two semiconductor substrates and at least one vertical contact element, wherein the vertical contact element electrically connects the at least two semiconductor substrates.
- the integrated semiconductor structures are arranged on different semiconductor substrates, but can be connected via vertical contact elements within the stack.
- This measure has the advantage that the semiconductor circuits on the first and the second semiconductor substrate can be connected to one another in a simple manner in order, for example, to enable inter-process communication and to enable monitoring of the individual signal processing channels by the respective other signal processing channel.
- the redundant signal processing channels externally, i. outside of the semiconductor substrates, to interconnect with each other.
- the preferred measure has the advantage that an error consideration for mutual data exchange must also be performed only once in the development of the chip stack and errors in the installation of the signal processing channel can be reduced.
- internal data exchange via vertical contact elements is faster and freer from disturbing environmental influences.
- the first semiconductor substrate has a first
- Signal processing unit and the second semiconductor substrate to a second signal processing unit, wherein the first signal processing unit has a time-shifted to the second signal processing unit duty cycle.
- the first and the second signal processing unit have a processor clock, which defines a fixed, preferably the same, duty cycle of the signal processing units.
- the duty cycle of the first signal processing unit is compared to the duty cycle of the second signal processing unit least offset by one clock.
- Signal processing channels are revealed by the temporal offset in the processing of the signals by the signal processing units.
- both signal processing units operate with a uniform processor clock, which is shifted by a phase for the time offset.
- the safety switching device has a first
- the first and the second semiconductor substrate are each supplied by a separate power supply, which moreover preferably has its own monitoring circuit in order to protect it from overvoltages.
- a separate voltage supply is available for each semiconductor substrate with its integrated circuits and the risk of failure due to a faulty power supply or an unexpected overvoltage can be minimized. This measure further increases the fail safety of the safety relay.
- Figure 1 is a simplified representation of a preferred embodiment of the
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a one-piece electronic component of the new safety switching device
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a chip stack of the new safety switching device.
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a chip stack of the new safety switching device.
- Fig. 1 an embodiment of the new electronic safety switching device is designated in the entirety by the reference numeral 10.
- the safety switching device is assigned in this embodiment, a technical system 12, which is exemplified here by a robot 14.
- the robot 14 runs a danger for a person who is in the working area of the robot 14.
- the working area of the robot 14 is secured with a protective device 16 against unauthorized access.
- the protective device 16 is a non-contact protective device in the form of a light grid 18, which is arranged in the access area to the technical installation 12, such that a person or an object that penetrates into the access area, at least one of a plurality of light beams interrupts that are emitted between a transmitter / receiver combination of the light grid 18.
- the light grid 18 is connected to the safety switching device 10 and leads to these input signals in response to the current state.
- an active protective device such as the light grid 18 shown here
- redundant input signals so-called OSSD signals
- Passive protective devices such as the emergency stop button 22 shown here, are usually supplied with an output signal from the safety controller 10 and grind it back as an input signal to the safety relay 10th
- the safety switching device 10 has in this embodiment, an I / O unit 24 having a plurality of device terminals for receiving the input signals and providing output signals.
- these device terminals are terminals which are arranged on a housing side of the housing 26 of the safety switching device 10, for example in the form of spring terminals or screw terminals.
- the device ports may be plugs or sockets that include a plurality of contact elements, with one pin each forming a device port. Frequently, five-pin M8 sockets are used to connect protections or other field-level sensors.
- the light grid 18 generates two redundant input signals
- the input signals may also be transmitted via two wires of a single patch cable. It is likewise conceivable that the input signals are transmitted to the safety switching device 10 via a bus, for example a safe field bus.
- the I / O unit 24 is formed as a communication module that implements the protocol of the bus being used. The input signals can be read out by the communication module and provided to the safety switching device 10 as a redundant input signal pair.
- the safety switching device 10 has in the present embodiment, a first signal processing channel 28 and a second signal processing channel 30, which are designed to be redundant to each other, and are adapted to evaluate the input signals of a protective device 16, 22 redundant to each other.
- the two signal processing channels 28, 30 are at least partially constructed using integrated semiconductor structures, wherein the integrated semiconductor structure of the first signal processing channel 28 on a first semiconductor substrate 32 and the integrated semiconductor structure of the second signal processing channel 30 on a second semiconductor substrate 34 are arranged.
- the first and second semiconductor substrates 32, 34 are combined to form a chip stack 36 and cast into a one-piece electronic component 38 in a manner known per se.
- a chip stack 36 preferably includes inputs and outputs, central processing units, memory, comparators and A / D converters, with the aid of which the input signals can be processed fail-safe.
- the signal processing channels 28, 30 can also have further discrete components that are not formed as an integrated semiconductor structure.
- the safety switching device 10 has, for example, per signal processing channel 28, 30, a switching elements 40a, 40b, which are each capable of a high voltage potential 42 through to a device port 44a, 44b of the safety switching device 10 through a current flow to a contactor 46a , 46b, or to interrupt this flow of current.
- each switching element 40 can switch off an actuator, such as a contactor 46, or a solenoid valve.
- the contactors 46a, 46b each have working contacts 48a, 48b.
- the normally open contacts 48a, 48b are working contacts 48a, 48b.
- safety switching devices also include, for example, configurable safety switching devices, programmable safety controllers or safe modules of a standard controller.
- a one-piece electronic component 38 is shown in a greatly simplified representation.
- the same reference numerals designate the same parts as before in FIG. 1.
- the one-piece electronic component 38 is realized here as a microchip with a dual inline package (DIP) housing.
- DIP dual inline package
- a chip stack 36 having a first semiconductor substrate 32 and a second semiconductor substrate 34 is disposed on a carrier 52.
- the semiconductor structures on the two semiconductor substrates 32, 34 are connected to conductor tracks 54.
- the interconnects 54 are in turn connected to contact pins 56, via which the semiconductor structures can be contacted from the outside. Via the contact pins 56, for example, the input signals can be brought to the integrated semiconductor structures on the semiconductor substrates 32, 34 or the output signals can be led to the outside.
- Safety switching device at least two semiconductor substrates 32, 34 disposed within the electronic component 38.
- the semiconductor substrates 32, 34 are preferably stacked one above the other, so that they form a cuboid stack 36.
- Each semiconductor substrate includes an independent semiconductor structure which images a signal processing channel.
- a coupling of the integrated semiconductor structures of the first semiconductor substrate 32 with the semiconductor structures of the second semiconductor substrate 34 can be realized within the electronic component 38 via the conductor tracks 54 on the carrier 52 within the DIP housing, or via a connection between the connection pins 56 outside the housing , However, particularly preferably, the integrated semiconductor structures are already coupled together within the stack 36.
- vertical connections parallel to the vertical axis 58 of the chip stack 36 are integrated into the semiconductor substrates 32, 34 for this purpose.
- the DIP housing is provided at the end of production with a cover part not shown here.
- the cover part is applied over the conductor tracks 54 and the chip stack 36.
- the printed conductors 54 and the chip stack 36 are thus located in the interior of the DIP Housing tightly closed and so safely protected from changes and environmental influences. Similarly, a subsequent change in the structure of the signal processing channels or their coupling is no longer or only partially possible.
- Housing is in which a chip stack 36 described here can be arranged and is not intended to be limiting.
- Other common types of housing such as a small outline (SO) housing in SMD technology, are also conceivable for the construction of a one-piece electronic component proposed here.
- a packaging of the unhoused chip stack 36 could also be realized in another embodiment by a potting compound, which surrounds the chip stack 36 and form-fitting around the semiconductor substrates 32, 34.
- the packaging in a housing and / or by a potting compound results in an integrated, multi-channel logic component that can be positioned, for example, in automated assembly processes on a printed circuit board.
- Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a chip stack 36 in a simplified
- the chip stack 36 in this embodiment includes a first and a second semiconductor substrate 32, 34, which are arranged one above the other to form a stack.
- each semiconductor structures are arranged, which map an electronic circuit with active and passive components as a monolithic circuit.
- an electronic circuit of a first signal processing channel 28 is arranged on the first semiconductor substrate 32
- an electronic circuit of a second signal processing channel 30 is arranged on the second semiconductor substrate 34.
- the semiconductor substrates 32, 34 initially independent
- both semiconductor substrates 32, 34 are initially part of a common base semiconductor substrate on which a plurality of semiconductor structures for different chips are simultaneously formed. Subsequently, the base semiconductor substrate is divided into a plurality of individual chips, which in turn are stacked to form a stack of chips. To avoid common cause errors come the individual semiconductor substrates of the chip stack 36, however, preferably from different production lines.
- the chip stack 36 is not limited to the use of certain semiconductor substrates and
- the chip stack 36 has very thin semiconductor substrates, which can be achieved by the stacking sufficient stability.
- the semiconductor substrates do not necessarily have to be identical.
- a construction with semiconductor substrates with different material thicknesses could be formed of a thicker semiconductor substrate than the other layers of the stack 36 to provide a stable base for the stack 36.
- the integrated semiconductor structures on the semiconductor substrates are first and second
- the chip stack 36 has a plurality of vertical contact elements 60 for the coupling.
- the vertical contact elements 60 are conductors which are formed parallel to the stacking direction 62 of the chip stack 36.
- the vertical contact elements 60 are also referred to as "through silicon vias" (TSV) and establish an electrical connection between two semiconductor substrates.
- TSV through silicon vias
- the vertical contact elements 60 are holes or recesses in the semiconductor substrates, which are produced by bores or special etching processes. The holes in the semiconductor substrates contact the semiconductor structures in the semiconductor substrate and extend at least on one side of the semiconductor substrate to the surface.
- the holes are filled with conductive material, such as copper or aluminum, and are stacked flush on the stack of semiconductor substrates so that the conductive material in one hole of the first semiconductor substrate 32 makes electrical contact with the conductive material of another hole in the second semiconductor substrate 34 , In this way, direct connection between the semiconductor structures of the first semiconductor substrate 32 and the second semiconductor substrate 34 can be generated, whereby a virtually latent-free inter-process communication between the two semiconductor structures is possible.
- a connection between the semiconductor substrates 32, 34, as described above with respect to FIG. 2 can also be created outside of the chip stack 36.
- the contacts of the semiconductor structures are guided on the semiconductor substrates to the outside and preferably still connected to each other within the one-piece component.
- first contact surfaces 64 are illustratively arranged on the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 32, which can be contacted via bonding wires 66 in a manner known per se.
- second contact surfaces 68 are arranged on the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 32, via which the semiconductor structures of the second semiconductor substrate 34 can be contacted.
- the second contact surfaces 68 are connected to the semiconductor structures of the second semiconductor substrate 34 via further vertical contact elements 70 in the manner described above.
- the common methods for contacting unhoused semiconductor chips can thus also be used for contacting the unhoused chip stack 36.
- contact surfaces can also be formed on the second semiconductor substrate, which can be contacted to the outside.
- ungephaseten chip stack 36 conceivable, such as a flip-chip assembly, also known as controlled collapse chip connection (C4).
- flip-chip mounting the unhoused chip stack 36 is mounted directly, without further connecting wires, with the active contact side of one of the semiconductor substrates 32, 34 downwardly on a support. This leads to particularly small dimensions of the housing and short conductor lengths. Short circuits due to touching bonding wires can be excluded in a particularly simple and effective way.
- the connection of all contacts simultaneously whereby the production time can be reduced.
- not only soldering and conductive bonding but also pressure welding (thermode bonding) can be used as the joining process.
- the flip-chip mounting has the additional advantage that usually only a small mechanical stress is exerted on the chip to be contacted when contacting.
- very thin and porous semiconductor substrates 32, 34 for Creation of the chip stack 36 are used.
- Fig. 4 shows a particularly preferred embodiment of a chip stack 36 in a simplified schematic representation.
- the chip stack 36 is formed in this embodiment from a first semiconductor substrate 32, a second semiconductor substrate 34 and a further semiconductor substrate 72.
- the first semiconductor substrate 32 and the second semiconductor substrate 34 are constructed substantially identically.
- the first semiconductor substrate 32 as a semiconductor integrated structure includes a first signal processing unit 74
- the second semiconductor substrate 34 as a semiconductor integrated structure includes a second signal processing unit 76.
- the first and second signal processing units 74, 76 are functionally identical, however, constructed diversely to one another in order to reduce the risk of common cause errors in the signal processing.
- the first signal processing unit 74 is assigned to the first signal processing channel 28 and the second signal processing unit 76 is assigned to the second signal processing channel 30.
- the first and second signal processing units 74, 76 process the input signal in parallel and independently generate an output signal in response to the input signal.
- only the first and second signal processing units 74, 76 are arranged on the first and the second semiconductor substrate 32, 34.
- the first and second signal processing units 74, 76 operate as fault tolerant
- DMR Dual Modular Redundancy
- the safety switching device could have at least one further signal processing unit, preferably also integrated in the one-piece electronic component, whereby a threefold redundancy is achieved. danz is formed.
- Triple redundancy systems are also referred to as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) systems used in, for example, aircraft or high availability systems. TMR systems can not only detect errors, but also fix them based on the majority principle.
- the signal processing units 74, 76 are each further operated in this embodiment with its own processor clock 88.
- the processor clock of the first and second signal processing units 74, 76 are out of phase with each other.
- the signal processing units 74, 76 process the input signal in parallel but with a small time offset. In this way, the failure safety can be further increased because a simultaneously occurring on both channels disturbance, such as a short voltage spike can be reliably detected.
- the further semiconductor substrate 72 is in this preferred embodiment
- the further semiconductor substrate 72 has one or more separate integrated semiconductor structures that form a control and memory structure that may be coupled to the integrated semiconductor structures of the first semiconductor substrate 32 and / or of the second semiconductor substrate 34.
- the control and memory structure includes in the example shown here a comparator 78, memory areas 80 and a "watchdog" 82, which may assist in signal processing or monitor proper operation of the signal processing units 74, 76.
- the comparator 78 is, for example, an electronic circuit having two digital ones
- the "watchdog” 82 is an integrated circuit that can forestall a complete failure of the electronic component due to software failure.
- the "watchdog” is designed as a counter, which is set to a specific value by the software at regular intervals and continuously decremented on the hardware side. If the counter reaches the value 0, it is to be assumed that the software has failed and the "watchdog" executes a predetermined reaction, which in particular leads to the safety function of the safety relay being triggered.
- the memory area 80 can, for example, provide memory for the processing processing units 74, 76 or read-only memory with stored parameters of the safety relay.
- the further semiconductor substrate 72 does not necessarily have to be arranged between the first and the second semiconductor substrate 32, 34 in the chip stack 36.
- the further semiconductor substrate 72 could also be arranged above or below the first and the second semiconductor substrate 32, 34.
- the arrangement shown here is particularly preferred when both the first and the second signal processing unit 74, 76 are coupled to the control and memory structure of the further semiconductor substrate 72.
- the almost complete coverage of the further semiconductor substrate 72 by the first and second semiconductor substrate 32, 34 a particularly good protection against radiation and wave influences possible.
- the comparator 78 is both with the first
- Signal processing unit 74 on the first semiconductor substrate 32 and the second signal processing unit 76 on the second semiconductor substrate 34 coupled.
- the signal processing units 74, 76 can be connected to the comparator 78 very efficiently and homogeneously and with almost any width.
- a comparison of values between the first signal processing unit 74 and the second signal processing unit 76 can thus be carried out with virtually no latency.
- the contact elements 60 may be arranged such that the first signal processing unit 74 can exclusively access a first memory area 80a and the second signal processing unit 76 exclusively access one second memory area 80b can access.
- the "watchdog" 82 may in turn be advantageously connected to both signal processing units 74, 76 and monitor their correct operation.
- the first semiconductor substrate 32 is directly connected to the second semiconductor substrate 34 by a vertical contact element is guided from the first semiconductor substrate 32 through the further semiconductor substrate 72 to the second semiconductor substrate 34.
- the first, second and further semiconductor substrate 32, 34, 72 can furthermore have different material properties and in particular different substrate thicknesses.
- the further semiconductor substrate 72 is thicker than the first and the second semiconductor substrate 32, 34 in order to enable a shielding of the two signal processing units 74, 76 from one another.
- a crosstalk from the first signal processing unit 74 to the second signal processing unit 76 and vice versa can be physically excluded by a thicker further semiconductor substrate 72.
- Fig. 4 shows a first and a second power supply 84, 86, which are formed separately from each other.
- the first power supply 84 is coupled to the first semiconductor substrate 32 and the second power supply 86 is coupled to the second semiconductor substrate 34.
- the integrated semiconductor structures of the first semiconductor substrate 32 are supplied with a supply voltage via the first voltage supply 84 and the integrated semiconductor structures of the second semiconductor substrate 34 are supplied with a supply voltage via the second voltage supply 86.
- the first and the second voltage supply 84, 86 each include an overvoltage monitoring unit (not shown here).
- the overvoltage monitoring unit is designed to decouple the voltage supply in the event of an overvoltage, for example by a crowbar circuit.
- the chip stack 36 is therefore not limited to the three semiconductor substrates 28, 30, 72 shown. In further advantageous embodiments, further semiconductor substrates and / or other layers, such as insulating layers, may be arranged in the chip stack 36. It is conceivable also that a plurality of the systems shown in FIG. 4 are accommodated in a chip stack in order to realize extremely space-saving, n-channel, high-availability and fault-tolerant "systems-on-stack". Overall, it is possible to create cost-efficient, flexible and safe safety relays with two or more redundancy that can meet the requirements of SIL3 safety requirements.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Design And Manufacture Of Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22181101.1A EP4086714B1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015101023.2A DE102015101023A1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Elektronisches Sicherheitsschaltgerät |
| PCT/EP2016/051149 WO2016116514A1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22181101.1A Division EP4086714B1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3248073A1 true EP3248073A1 (de) | 2017-11-29 |
Family
ID=55221396
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16701277.2A Ceased EP3248073A1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
| EP22181101.1A Active EP4086714B1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22181101.1A Active EP4086714B1 (de) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-20 | Elektronisches sicherheitsschaltgerät |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10394211B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3248073A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6675406B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107209491B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015101023A1 (de) |
| HK (1) | HK1244550A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016116514A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| WO2019139815A1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Duke University | Apparatus, method and article to facilitate motion planning of an autonomous vehicle in an environment having dynamic objects |
| TWI822729B (zh) | 2018-02-06 | 2023-11-21 | 美商即時機器人股份有限公司 | 用於儲存一離散環境於一或多個處理器之一機器人之運動規劃及其改良操作之方法及設備 |
| WO2019183141A1 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2019-09-26 | Realtime Robotics, Inc. | Motion planning of a robot for various environments and tasks and improved operation of same |
| DE102018115243A1 (de) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheitsschaltgerät mit versenkten Einstellbauelementen |
| WO2020040979A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Realtime Robotics, Inc. | Collision detection useful in motion planning for robotics |
| US12204336B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2025-01-21 | Duke University | Apparatus, method and article to facilitate motion planning in an environment having dynamic objects |
| WO2020214723A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2020-10-22 | Real Time Robotics, Inc. | Motion planning graph generation user interface, systems, methods and articles |
| TWI873149B (zh) | 2019-06-24 | 2025-02-21 | 美商即時機器人股份有限公司 | 用於多個機械手臂於共用工作空間中之移動規劃系統及方法 |
| US12194639B2 (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2025-01-14 | Realtime Robotics, Inc. | Digital representations of robot operational environment, useful in motion planning for robots |
| US20220126451A1 (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-04-28 | Realtime Robotics, Inc. | Safety systems and methods employed in robot operations |
| DE102021103952A1 (de) | 2021-02-19 | 2022-08-25 | Sick Ag | Optoelektronische Sicherheitsvorrichtung |
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| KR100611204B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-08-10 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 멀티 스택 패키징 칩 및 그 제조방법 |
| EP1934668B1 (de) * | 2005-09-06 | 2016-03-16 | Beyond Blades Ltd. | Dreidimensionale mehrschichtige modulare computerarchitektur |
| US8134235B2 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2012-03-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional semiconductor device |
| US7863733B2 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2011-01-04 | Arm Limited | Integrated circuit with multiple layers of circuits |
| US8597960B2 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2013-12-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semiconductor chip stacking for redundancy and yield improvement |
| US8373439B2 (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2013-02-12 | Monolithic 3D Inc. | 3D semiconductor device |
| DE102010062653A1 (de) | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Steuermodul und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| EP2699462B1 (de) * | 2011-04-19 | 2016-11-23 | Ute Marita Meissner | Fahrdynamikregelung mit gnss und ins |
| US8804394B2 (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2014-08-12 | Rambus Inc. | Stacked memory with redundancy |
| ITVI20120060A1 (it) * | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-20 | St Microelectronics Srl | Sistema elettronico avente un' aumentata connessione tramite l'uso di canali di comunicazione orizzontali e verticali |
| JP5802631B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-06 | 2015-10-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
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| US20130231767A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Systems and methods for control with a multi-chip module with multiple dies |
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| CN107209491B (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
| EP4086714A1 (de) | 2022-11-09 |
| HK1244550A1 (zh) | 2018-08-10 |
| EP4086714C0 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
| US20170315530A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
| JP2018505557A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
| JP6675406B2 (ja) | 2020-04-01 |
| US10394211B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
| WO2016116514A1 (de) | 2016-07-28 |
| EP4086714B1 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
| DE102015101023A1 (de) | 2016-07-28 |
| CN107209491A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
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