EP3504715A1 - Strahlenschutzelement mit integrierter austauschanzeige - Google Patents
Strahlenschutzelement mit integrierter austauschanzeigeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3504715A1 EP3504715A1 EP17757722.8A EP17757722A EP3504715A1 EP 3504715 A1 EP3504715 A1 EP 3504715A1 EP 17757722 A EP17757722 A EP 17757722A EP 3504715 A1 EP3504715 A1 EP 3504715A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- radiation protection
- indicator
- protection element
- indicator layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
- G21F1/125—Laminated shielding materials comprising metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
- G21F3/02—Clothing
- G21F3/03—Aprons
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to protection from ionizing radiation, such as x-rays generated by x-ray tubes in x-ray inspection facilities.
- the invention relates to a radiation protection element for a radiation protection curtain for use at an entrance and / or an exit of a radiation tunnel of an X-ray inspection facility, wherein the radiation protection element has an integrated exchange display.
- the non-destructive inspection of objects by means of X-ray radiation is known, for example, from material testing, quality control in production, but also for security checking at checkpoints at the entrance to security areas or hazardous areas.
- DE 101 31 407 A1 shows an X-ray inspection system with an input and an output at a radiation tunnel.
- Several radiation protection curtains are installed at the entrance and at the exit of the inspection tunnel's radiation tunnel so that no ionizing radiation can escape from the X-ray inspection system when a piece of luggage to be inspected is introduced into the inspection facility or is output at the exit.
- Each radiation protection curtain consists of a plurality of radiation protection elements in the form of strips, lobes or lamellae hanging next to each other in an overlapping manner at the entrance and / or exit.
- US 2005/0185757 A also shows an X-ray inspection system with several radiation protection curtains.
- the radiation protection elements of the radiation protection curtains are exposed during operation in the intended passage of luggage by the frictional attack occurring at contact surfaces a corresponding continuous wear.
- the wear consists in a material abrasion on the surface of the radiation protection elements.
- a radiation protection element may, for example, be a strip-shaped element with a core material, the material required for shielding the ionizing radiation being present. rialdicke is dimensioned for a predetermined shielding value to be observed. At low and high energies heavy elements, ie high atomic number elements, absorb ionizing radiation particularly well. Therefore, X-ray shields preferably contain lead. Lead as a core material is encapsulated with a protective layer to avoid lead abrasion.
- the protective layer Due to the friction attacks occurring in the intended use, the protective layer is removed progressively. Once the protective layer has been rubbed off at one point, the frictional attack continues on the core material intended for shielding. In the case of lead, the resulting abrasion can lead to undesirable contamination of the inspection objects due to the associated so-called pencil effect. This is not desirable for understandable reasons. Even if the radiation protection element consists of a material which is initially harmless with regard to material abrasion, for example of tin, the rubbing attacks in any case lead to a reduction of the material thickness of the radiation protection element required for the prescribed minimum shielding. This is also undesirable regardless of the material.
- CN 202067569 U discloses a radiation shield having a core shielding ionizing radiation surrounded by a protective layer, an indicator layer for indicating damage to the protective layer being disposed on one or both of two opposite side surfaces of the radiation shield between the protective layer and the lead core.
- a radiation protection element which has at least one ionizing radiation, such as, for example, X-radiation, shielding core, which is surrounded by at least one protective layer.
- the protective layer consists of at least one outer layer and at least one indicator layer, which is preferably arranged between core and outer layer.
- the indicator layer is applied to the core shielding the ionizing radiation and the outer layer is applied to the indicator layer.
- the outer layer preferably consists of a biologically and / or ecologically harmless material.
- the outer layer can consist of several layers.
- the outer layer may be a multi-pass rubber layer or rubber coating.
- a resist layer may be provided as an outermost layer of the outer layer.
- the indicator layer may in the simplest embodiment consist of a layer which is distinguishable in color from the outer layer.
- the indicator layer at locations where the outer layer z. B. was abolished by the constant friction attacks, visible from the outside.
- This visualization of the color indicator layer thus indicates directly optically, i. H. signals that the core material is now only externally covered by the indicator layer.
- the visibility of the indicator layer serves as an indication of a prompt replacement of the radiation protection element.
- the indicator layer constitutes an optical exchange indicator integrated into the radiation protection element.
- the indicator layer may consist of several layers, with adjacent layers being different from one another in terms of color.
- the indicator layer consists of exactly two adjacent layers, which differ in color from the outer layer as well as in color. If the two indicator layers are of the same thickness and also similar in terms of abrasion behavior, the period of visualization of the first indicator layer until the second indicator layer becomes visible can serve as additional information regarding the period of time available for the replacement of the radiation protection element when the second indicator layer becomes visible. This period provides an additional margin of safety in avoiding the problems outlined above.
- the indicator layer consists of exactly three layers, which are both in color from the outer layer, as well as in color from each other differ.
- the third indicator layer offers a further additional safety margin.
- the visibility of the second indicator layer depending on the typical for the site wear rate before corresponding window within which an exchange should take place.
- the third indicator layer ensures that if this period has been overestimated, further indication is given and still no abrasion of core material occurs. Accordingly, when the third indicator layer becomes visible, the radiation protection element should be replaced promptly.
- the at least one layer of the indicator layer can also be embodied as a texture layer. If the indicator layer consists of several layers, more than one of these layers can also be embodied as a texture layer.
- a texture layer is, in addition or as an alternative to color distinctness, constructed in such a way that a special texture (surface structuring, surface texture) is formed by the rubbing attacks in the intended use on the surface or integrated into the layer Texture is exposed. That is, the texture layer is so constructed that, as a result of the wear of the layer, a particular texture as a result of rubbing attacks on the surface over time due to abrasion.
- a special texture surface structuring, surface texture
- the texture layer may be configured such that the layer has regions of at least two different abrasion-resistant materials. Due to the different abrasion resistance is created by correspondingly different wear rates the special texture.
- the regions having different abrasion resistances may be arranged such that the surface abrasion, which occurs at different rates of rapidity, causes certain surface structures, e.g. Ribs, knobs, honeycombs or the like, as a special texture.
- another structured material can be incorporated in a layer of the indicator layer to form the texture layer, which is exposed by the wear or "frayed".
- this texture layer can be designed so that form by the abrasion optically visible ribs, knobs or honeycombs. This texture which then becomes visible can serve as a "visual display” which can be visually recognized.
- the texture layer may be designed so that a perceptible noise is generated when the texture layer is sanded or slid over a surface of an article having sufficient surface hardness.
- a texture layer For example, with certain surface structures, eg, gratings, ridges, honeycombs, burls, grooves, or the like, an object of inspection, eg, at bag edges, may produce a recognizable noise, such as a typical rattling, as an "acoustic interchange indication.”
- the indicator layer may be additional or alternative to the functionality "optical exchange indicator” provide the "acoustic exchange indicator".
- abrasion resistance is understood here as the resistance of a solid surface to mechanical stress, in particular friction
- the abrasion resistance of a material is essentially determined by the surface properties of the material, mainly the roughness and hardness be determined for example by grinding or sandblasting.
- the material of the core (core material) furnished for shielding ionizing radiation may contain or consist entirely of at least one of the following materials: pure lead, lead oxide, tin, tin oxide, lead vinyl, lead rubber, barium, samarium.
- the at least one outer layer may contain or consist of at least one of the following materials: rubber, PVC, protective lacquer.
- the at least one indicator layer can, for example, consist of one of the materials mentioned for the outer layer, color pigments corresponding to the material being added to the desired coloration.
- the one or more textured layers of the indicator layer may comprise regions of at least two differently abrasion resistant materials, wherein the regions in the layer plane are arranged to correspond to the texture elements to be formed by different abrasion rates (lattices, lands, honeycombs, dimples, grooves, etc.).
- the at least one outer layer may consist of the material of the core.
- a biologically harmless material for example lead rubber or a material containing tin or tin oxide
- the outer layer consists of the likewise ionizing radiation-shielding material of the core, a higher shielding of the ionizing radiation is generally achieved by the material thickness of the outer layer. Wherein the minimum shielding of the radiation protection element which is to be strictly adhered to is ensured by the material thickness of the core, which can be monitored with the aid of the at least one indicator layer as an integrated replacement indication.
- a lacquer layer may be provided as the outermost layer of the outer layer.
- the at least one indicator layer can also consist of the material of the core, with color pigments corresponding to the color being added to the at least one outer layer and / or the core. This variant is also preferred for cores made of a biologically harmless material whose abrasion does not lead to undesirable contamination of inspection objects.
- the core of the radiation protection element has a material thickness which corresponds to a predetermined lead equivalent.
- the required minimum thickness or material thickness of the core, which is set up to shield ionizing radiation, is initially dependent on the intensity of the radiation source to be shielded and the emission values associated therewith.
- Legal provisions stipulate a maximum permissible emission value, for example of an X-ray inspection system, from which the necessary shielding of such a system can be directly determined.
- the shield is described by a number known as the lead equivalent. The higher the lead equivalent, the lower the intensity of the ionizing radiation emerging on the side of the radiation protection element facing away from the radiation source.
- the radiation protection element is strip-shaped, wherein the strip length is greater than the strip width and wherein the strip thickness is substantially smaller than the strip width.
- the strip width is preferably about 90 mm, the strip height approximately the beam tunnel height h plus 30 mm and the strip thickness is about 2.5 mm.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to an X-ray inspection system with a radiation protection device at the entrance and / or exit of a radiation tunnel, wherein the radiation protection device consists of a radiation protection curtain with several Strahlenschutzelemen- th according to the first aspect of the invention.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to a method for ensuring a minimum lead equivalent of a radiation protection device of an X-ray inspection system, such as an X-ray inspection system according to the second aspect of the invention.
- the radiation protection elements have a single indicator layer and one or all of the radiation protection elements are at the latest after exchanged a predetermined period of time as soon as this single indicator layer is visible.
- the radiation protection elements have a first indicator layer and a second indicator layer, wherein a period of time determined by the time at which the first indicator layer underlying the outer layer is visible is detected Time at which the second indicator layer, which lies below the first indicator layer, becomes visible.
- the affected or all radiation protection elements are replaced at the latest after a period of time corresponding to the detected time window or a time window reduced by a safety margin from the time the second indicator layer becomes visible.
- the indicator layer has a further third indicator layer below the second indicator layers.
- the affected or all radiation protection elements are then replaced immediately as soon as the third indicator layer becomes visible.
- one or all radiation protection elements can be exchanged:
- FIG. 1 shows an X-ray inspection system in a lateral sectional illustration with a radiation protection device consisting of several radiation protection elements.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a radiation protection element.
- FIG. 3 shows a section D of FIG. 2 with a more detailed illustration of the protective layer with at least one outer layer and at least one indicator layer.
- Figure 4 shows the detail D of Figure 3 with a more detailed representation of the outer layer.
- FIG. 5 shows the detail D of FIG. 2 with a more detailed representation of the indicator layer.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for ensuring a minimum lead equivalent of a radiation protection device of an X-ray inspection system.
- FIG. 1 shows an X-ray inspection system 10, such as is used, for example, for the nondestructive inspection of luggage at the access to security areas at airports.
- the inspection system 10 has at an input E and an output A of a radiation tunnel 12 each have a radiation protection curtain 100-1, 100-2 for ionizing radiation. Between the two radiation protection curtains 100-1, 100-2 there is a radiation area 16, in which at least one radiation source 18, for example an X-ray tube, and at least one detector arrangement 20 aligned thereon are arranged.
- a transport system 22 consisting of three conveyor belts 22-1, 22-2, 22-3 for conveying a piece of luggage 24 through the radiation tunnel 12.
- the baggage item 24, shown in the figure 1, for example, as a suitcase is of the Transport system 22 promoted by the X-ray inspection system 10.
- the item of luggage 24 is irradiated line by line by an X-ray fan 26 generated by the radiation source 18 and the intensity of the X-ray radiation not absorbed by the item of luggage 24 is detected by means of the detector arrangement 20.
- radiation protection elements of the radiation protection curtains 100-1, 100-2 each consist of a material suitable for shielding ionizing radiation, which is one which is required for the desired degree of shielding Thickness, wherein the shield can be specified by the number of lead equivalent; the lead equivalent corresponds to that layer thickness of lead which exhibits the same shielding effect against ionizing radiation as a given layer thickness of a material actually used.
- FIG. 2 shows a radiation protection element 101, for example in the form of a lamella, of one of the radiation protection curtains 100-1, 100-2 in cross section.
- the radiation protection element 101 consists of a core 1 10, which is surrounded by at least one protective layer 120, d. h., (encapsulated).
- the core 1 10 has a layer thickness d, which achieves the predetermined shielding effect against ionizing radiation.
- the protective layer 120 has a layer structure to be explained in more detail below, which is first explained generally with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 the detail D of FIG. 2 is enlarged and shows the core 110 having the necessary material thickness d and the protective layer 120 on both sides of the core 110, wherein the protective layer 120 consists of an outer layer 122 and an indicator layer 124.
- the outer layer 122 can consist of several layers, in the embodiment shown composed of three layers 122-1, 122-2, 122-3 is. Also for simplicity only the layer construction of the upper outer layer 122 is shown; since the core 110 is encapsulated, the structure of the lower outer layer is identical.
- the outer layer 122 may be a rubber layer which is produced in a multi-step manufacturing process and thus results in the illustrated multilayer structure having more than one layer. These outer layers can basically be constructed identically. In other words, the outer layer may consist of a single layer or any number of like lower layers. In certain embodiments, the outermost layer 122-1 of the outer layer 122 is a lacquer layer.
- FIG. 5 shows the indicator layer 124 consisting of three layers 124-1, 124-2, 124-3.
- the indicator layer 124 is exactly one layer 124-1.
- the indicator layer 124 is exactly two adjacent layers 124-1 and 124-2.
- the indicator layer 124 consists of exactly three adjacent layers 124-1, 124-2, 124-3.
- the indicator layer 124 consists of one or more layers 124-1, 124-2, 124-3, which can or can be distinguished essentially from the outer layer 122 and optionally from one another in color and / or acoustics.
- the function of the indicator layer 124 is explained in the following context with reference to FIG. 6 and a method for ensuring a minimum lead equivalent of the radiation protection elements 101, for example the X-ray inspection system 10 of FIG.
- the core material is preferably made of a material or consists of a material mixture of which at least one constituent is suitable for providing the desired shielding properties for ionizing radiation.
- the core may consist of pure lead or pure tin, or consist of a material mixture together with lead oxide and / or tin oxide, such as lead vinyl or lead rubber.
- the core may consist of rolled elemental wire.
- elemental lead, ie, pure lead or lead oxide, or elemental tin or tin oxide or, alternatively, a mixture of the foregoing may be admixed in powder form to a support material such as PVC, natural rubber or synthetic rubber.
- Webs made therefrom may then be cut into a corresponding shape to be used as core 110 for radiation protection elements 101.
- it can be problematic, depending on the structure of the core 10, if contamination of the inspection objects conveyed by an inspection system leads to contamination of the inspection objects with abraded core material.
- the frictional attack constantly taking place in normal operation can lead to a reduction in the material thickness of the radiation protection elements, which, however, should not fall below a predetermined value for the required shielding effect.
- the at least one outer layer 122 and the at least one indicator layer 124 having protective layer 120 is exposed during normal operation permanent frictional attacks.
- the intended operation corresponds to step S1 of the flowchart.
- a monitoring step S2 for example by means of visual inspection, the radiation protection elements 101 are visually inspected in order to determine whether the at least one indicator layer 124 has become visible through abrasion of the at least one outer layer 122. As long as it is determined in step S2 that the indicator layer 124 is not visible, the method returns via the branch N1 to step S1.
- the indicator layer 124 consists of only a single indicator layer 124-1. In other words, as soon as it is determined in step S2 that this single indicator layer 124-1 has become visible, the method proceeds directly via the branch J1 to step S3, in which the affected radiation protection element 101 is promptly replaced or at least initiated.
- the indicator layer 124 consists of at least two indicator layers 124-1, 124-2, which are arranged one above the other and can be distinguished from one another in terms of color. It is advantageous if the closer to the core 1 10 second indicator layer 124-2 is at least as thick as the overlying first indicator layer 124-1. This has the advantage that it can be expected that the The abrasion occurring of the second indicator layer 124-2 lasts approximately as long as in the case of the first indicator layer 124-1. In the second embodiment B, after step S2 with the first indicator layer 124-1 becoming visible, the method does not proceed to step S3 but to step S4.
- step S4 a timer is first started. In the simplest case, this can be done by recording the time at which the first indicator layer 124-1 became visible. It would also be conceivable that a functionality of the system controller has implemented an electronic timer, which can be started via a corresponding input.
- Step S4 is followed by step S5, which substantially corresponds to step S1, that is, step S1.
- step S6 substantially corresponds to step S2, it is checked whether or not the second indicator layer 124-2 disposed under the first indicator layer 124-1 has become visible. As long as the second indicator layer 124-2 has not become visible, the process returns via branch N2 to step S5.
- step S7 in which substantially the time of visualization of the second indicator layer 124-2 is detected by stopping the manual or electronic timer. This determines a period of time T in which the first indicator layer 124-1 has been rubbed off by the local intended use. By means of the thus determined time period T, a measure of the expected duration for the abrasion of the second indicator layer 124-2 is present. Thus, the user of the system has about the time T available until the affected radiation protection element 101 is to be replaced.
- the method goes from step S7 to a step S8 with a second timer, which determines whether the available time T has expired.
- a margin of safety may be provided, which is to set a percentage P% less than 100% of the determined time T for the period of the timer in step S8.
- the branch t ⁇ T of the method goes directly back to step S8, in addition the path is additionally marked with "B".
- the method goes to step S3, in which an exchange of the affected radiation protection element 101 takes place in a timely manner.
- the indicator layer 124 consists of three layers 124-1, 124-2, 124-3 which can be differentiated from one another, as shown in FIG.
- a further safety margin is available which, for example, indicates premature abrasion of the second indicator layer 124-2 before the time window T expires.
- a contamination of inspection objects by abrasion of the core 10 or an impermissible reduction in the material thickness of the core 110 can be even more reliably excluded.
- the method still includes a step S9, which is integrated into the timer loop of step S8 (instead of the path marked "B") and in addition to the passage of time T (possibly reduced by P%) If the third indicator layer 124-3 becomes visible before the time T (possibly reduced by P%) has elapsed, the method proceeds via the path J3 to step S3, in which an exchange of the affected radiation protection element 101 takes place.
- the method C can be designed such that it always runs in principle via step S9, so that even after the time T (possibly reduced by P%) has passed, step S3 is reached when the third indicator layer 124-3 becomes visible , Thus, the protective layer 120 surrounding the core 110 is maximally utilized in terms of time.
- the third indicator layer 124-3 acts only as a "last warning"
- this layer may be made thinner than the first and second indicator layers 124-1 and 124-2.
- a layer of the indicator layer can be embodied as a texture layer. This can in principle be used in all the embodiments explained above. Particularly advantageously, the texture layer with acoustic display functionality can additionally be used in all versions. In the embodiments with two or three layers in the indicator layer, the acoustic display functionality by means of texture is preferably integrated only in the second or third layer.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016115770.8A DE102016115770A1 (de) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | Strahlenschutzelement mit integrierter Austauschanzeige |
| PCT/EP2017/070703 WO2018036871A1 (de) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-16 | Strahlenschutzelement mit integrierter austauschanzeige |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3504715A1 true EP3504715A1 (de) | 2019-07-03 |
| EP3504715B1 EP3504715B1 (de) | 2022-08-24 |
Family
ID=59702695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17757722.8A Active EP3504715B1 (de) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-16 | Strahlenschutzelement mit integrierter austauschanzeige |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20190189300A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3504715B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN110168668B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016115770A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018036871A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020117138A1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | Tekno Arastirma Gelistirme Elekt. Mad. Ith. Ihr. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. | A fumigator and baggage control device |
| KR102757145B1 (ko) | 2018-12-06 | 2025-01-21 | 아나로그 디바이시즈 인코포레이티드 | 차폐된 통합된 디바이스 패키지들 |
| US10912526B1 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-02-09 | David A. Baird | Radiation scatter anesthesia protection system |
| CN115144918B (zh) * | 2021-03-30 | 2024-02-06 | 清华大学 | 射线检查设备、以及检查目标的方法 |
| EP4542580B1 (de) * | 2023-10-20 | 2026-04-29 | MAVIG GmbH | Einteilige umhüllung von strahlenschutzmaterialien und deren verwendung |
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| WO2013115810A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Projecting features molded within submerged tread voids |
| US8661573B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-03-04 | Izi Medical Products | Protective cover for medical device having adhesive mechanism |
| EP2698503A1 (de) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbomaschinenkomponentenkennzeichnung |
| US9754690B2 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2017-09-05 | Lite-Tech, Inc. | Flexible highly filled composition, resulting protective garment, and methods of making the same |
| DE102012111043A1 (de) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-22 | Tmd Friction Services Gmbh | Bremsbacke und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsbacke |
| US9999277B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-06-19 | Jay Vaglio | Shoe sole and insole |
| DE102013107310A1 (de) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Strahlenverschluss, insbesondere für Röntgenstrahlen |
| US20150090538A1 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-04-02 | Wayne-Ian Moore | Brake pad assembly with wear indicator |
| US9441687B2 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-09-13 | Wolverine Advanced Materials, Llc | Brake pad assembly with universal shim |
| US20170184164A1 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-06-29 | Tech M3, Inc | Brake Rotor With Working Surface Inserts |
| US10021964B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-07-17 | L'oreal | Replacement indicating brush |
| EP2995859A1 (de) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hitzeschildelement für einen Hitzeschild einer Brennkammer |
| WO2016113138A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | Trelleborg Industri Ab | Lining element |
| SE540573C2 (sv) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-10-02 | Lindvalls Patentbolag Ab | Matta till ett djurhållningsgolv, ett golv samt en djurhållningsanläggning |
| US20180180125A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc | Cold spray laser coated of iron/aluminum brake discs |
-
2016
- 2016-08-25 DE DE102016115770.8A patent/DE102016115770A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-08-16 CN CN201780063892.1A patent/CN110168668B/zh active Active
- 2017-08-16 WO PCT/EP2017/070703 patent/WO2018036871A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-08-16 EP EP17757722.8A patent/EP3504715B1/de active Active
- 2017-08-25 US US16/328,123 patent/US20190189300A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2024
- 2024-08-14 US US18/804,955 patent/US20250046485A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018036871A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 |
| EP3504715B1 (de) | 2022-08-24 |
| US20250046485A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
| CN110168668A (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
| US20190189300A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
| DE102016115770A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 |
| CN110168668B (zh) | 2024-03-12 |
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