EP3767174A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'étalonnage ultérieur d'un système de mesure permettant de réguler un mélange gaz-air de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'étalonnage ultérieur d'un système de mesure permettant de réguler un mélange gaz-air de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3767174A1
EP3767174A1 EP20185284.5A EP20185284A EP3767174A1 EP 3767174 A1 EP3767174 A1 EP 3767174A1 EP 20185284 A EP20185284 A EP 20185284A EP 3767174 A1 EP3767174 A1 EP 3767174A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring system
combustion
measuring
ionization signal
ionization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20185284.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3767174C0 (fr
EP3767174B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz-Jörg Tomczak
Jochen Grabe
Christian Fischer
Richard Richard Fischbuch
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Publication of EP3767174B1 publication Critical patent/EP3767174B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F23N5/265—Details using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of regulating a fuel gas-air mixture for a combustion process in a heating device, in particular a combustion chamber in a heating device for preparing hot water or heating a building.
  • a heating device in particular a combustion chamber in a heating device for preparing hot water or heating a building.
  • an ionization measurement is carried out in a flame area, especially in many heating devices. Such measurements should enable stable regulation over long periods of time, which is why it may be necessary to recognize slow changes in the measuring system and to carry out a recalibration.
  • the respective actual value of the ionization in the flame area is determined by means of an ionization electrode, which is proportional to the currently present lambda value, so that this can be derived from the ionization measurement.
  • An alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode, the flame area ionized in the presence of flames having a rectifying effect, so that an ionization signal mainly flows only during one half-cycle of the alternating current.
  • This current or a proportional voltage signal derived therefrom, referred to below as an ionization signal are measured and, if necessary after digitization, further processed as an ionization signal in an analog / digital converter.
  • the lambda value can thus be measured via calibration and regulated to a target value using a control loop.
  • the supply of air and / or fuel gas is changed by suitable actuators until the desired target value for lambda is reached.
  • a lambda value> 1 (1 corresponds to a stoichiometric ratio) is aimed for, e.g. B.
  • Lambda 1.3 to ensure that enough air is supplied for clean combustion with essentially no carbon monoxide generation.
  • the lambda must remain so small that stable combustion is guaranteed.
  • the regulation can take place in particular via a valve for the supply of fuel gas and / or a fan for the supply of ambient air.
  • the basic structure of such heating devices, of measuring systems for ionization measurement and their use for regulation are for example from the EP 0 770 824 B1 and the EP 2 466 204 B1 known.
  • the control accuracy can change over time due to various influences, in particular due to influences on the state or the shape of the ionization electrode.
  • Various methods for recalibrating if necessary are specified, but all of them require a relatively high level of effort and / or above all can have the disadvantage that during recalibration the heater has to be operated at lambda values of 1 or even below at times, which leads to temporary generation of undesirable carbon monoxide.
  • very high flame temperatures occur in this area, which can additionally damage the ionization electrode during calibration.
  • the present invention aims to provide a remedy here in order to provide a method for recalibrating a device that can be carried out quickly with little additional expenditure on equipment to enable existing regulation or a correction of a calibration curve on which this regulation is based.
  • the method according to the invention is used to recalibrate calibration data of a first measuring system for measuring a first ionization signal in a flame area of a heater operated with combustion air and fuel gas, the first measuring system measuring an ionization signal which comes from a first ion stream flowing through the flame area from an ionization electrode to a counter electrode is derived, and from this the ratio of combustion air to fuel gas (lambda) during combustion in the heater is determined and regulated using calibration data, the first measuring system being recalibrated at least according to predefinable criteria or at predefinable time intervals, and the recalibration by means of an in the Heating device for igniting the combustion takes place the existing ignition electrode, which is operated to generate a second ionization signal.
  • a second ionization signal is measured anyway in order to determine and monitor the presence of a flame.
  • such a second ionization signal can also be used for other tasks during operation, in particular for recalibrating calibration data for the actual control. This allows the first ionization signal to be corrected from time to time on the basis of a comparison to be carried out with the second ionization signal, possibly with the addition of (stored) empirical values for both ionization signals and their changes over time.
  • the ignition electrode is operated in a second measuring system for measuring the second ionization signal.
  • a second measuring system for measuring the second ionization signal.
  • the second measuring system which is also typically used for flame monitoring, works according to the following principle:
  • An alternating voltage without a direct voltage component from a voltage source with a high output impedance is applied between the ignition electrode and ground. Due to the rectifying effect of a flame plasma when the flame is burning, an ionization current flows off to ground during each positive half-wave of the alternating voltage. The voltage amplitude of each positive half-wave is reduced because of the high output impedance of the voltage source, while the negative half-wave remains unchanged. As a result, a negative direct voltage component is impressed on the alternating voltage. The amplitude of this negative DC voltage component is converted as an average value by means of an amplifier circuit into a voltage signal which, due to its characteristic curve, can be used as a second ionization signal for the purposes described here with constant gas supply and increasing air supply. Typically, this signal is digitized using an analog / digital converter (e.g. in values between 0 and 1023) so that it can be further processed in a microprocessor.
  • an analog / digital converter e.g. in values between 0 and 1023
  • the characteristic curve of the signal results from a combination of different effects.
  • the ionization in the flame area is strongest when the combustion is in a stoichiometric ratio of combustion gas and Combustion air is operated, on the other hand, the flames move away with increasing gas velocity (larger amount of gas per unit of time) from the outlet openings of the gas, which electronically form the mass in the system, which reduces the ion flow.
  • the temperature of the flames and the ignition electrode may also play a role in the rectifying effect mentioned above. The result is a curve with an easily reproducible minimum, which is close to a lambda value typical for continuous operation.
  • the combustion in the heater is brought into at least one constant state of combustion that can be predetermined by the first measuring system and the second ionization signal of the second measuring system is then measured while maintaining or deliberately changing this state. In this way, two measured values are obtained for the same state that can be compared with one another. If the second ionization signal is considered to be more reliable, the measured value calculated from the first ionization signal can be provided with a corresponding correction for future measurements. At least deviations between the two measurements can be determined and measures can be derived from them.
  • the combustion is successively brought into several different constant states by the first measuring system and the second measuring system is switched on in each of these states, the second ionization signal is measured in this state and / or when this state changes, and any deviation from the first ionization signal is detected.
  • the curve for the dependence of the air ratio on the first ionization signal i.e. the calibration curve of the first measuring system, can be checked and completely corrected if necessary with a suitable accuracy, which depends on the number and the spacing of the states (the so-called support points).
  • the different constant states are different load levels of the heater, which are determined by different constant speeds of a fan and / or different constant amounts of fuel gas supplied per unit of time by different constant settings of a fuel gas valve.
  • an entire map of the first measuring system can be recalibrated in this way, with calibration data for the relation of the ionization signal to the ratio of combustion air to combustion gas being stored in the first and in the second measuring system under different load conditions and with each recalibration Comparison between the measured values determined by the two measuring systems takes place, the first measuring system being recalibrated in the event of deviations with the data of the second measuring system.
  • a device in particular set up for performing the method described here, which has a combustion chamber, with an air supply and a fuel gas supply, which are regulated by a control unit, and with a first measuring system, comprising an ionization electrode, a counter electrode, a first AC voltage source and a first electronic evaluation system for determining a first ionization signal, which can be fed to the control unit, with a second measuring system for measuring a second ionization signal being present, which can be generated between an ignition electrode for igniting a combustion and the counter electrode of the second measuring system, and the first and the second system are each set up to determine a lambda value.
  • the second measuring system is preferably set up independently of the first measuring system, namely in that it has no common parts except for the counter electrode having. This makes it possible, at least within certain limits, to detect and correct errors in the electronics of the first measuring system.
  • the second measuring system it is particularly preferable for the second measuring system to have a diverse structure than the first measuring system, namely in that it has as few components as possible or none of the same components.
  • a comparator to which measured values from the first and second measuring systems can be fed, and a correction unit is used to recalibrate calibration data from the first measuring system when discrepancies between the two measured values are determined.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the described device to carry out the method proposed here.
  • Modern heating devices typically contain an electronic control which contains at least one programmable microprocessor which can be controlled by such a computer program product.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a device proposed here.
  • a flame area 2 forms during operation.
  • Air enters the combustion chamber 1 via an air supply 3 and a fan 5.
  • Combustion gas is mixed with the air via a combustion gas supply 4 and a combustion gas valve 6.
  • An ignition electrode 7 ignites the mixture at the start of the combustion process and is then z.
  • B. used as part of a flame monitor.
  • a first ionization signal is measured in the flame region 2 by means of an ionization electrode 8.
  • a first measuring system S1 is used for this purpose, from which the ionization electrode 8 is subjected to an alternating voltage from a first alternating voltage source, with a first evaluation electronics 13 measuring the resulting ionization signal and converting it into a lambda value, i.e. a mixing ratio of air to the stored calibration data (control curve) Converts fuel.
  • a control unit 17 can control the fan 5 and / or the fuel gas valve 6 in such a way that a desired setpoint value for lambda is established.
  • the control curve In order to achieve safe long-term operation, the control curve must be at certain intervals be corrected, the distances z. B. can be selected according to the operating time of the heater 1 and / or other parameters.
  • a second measuring system S2 is put into operation by means of a switching unit 10, which connects a second alternating voltage source 12 instead of ignition electronics to ignition electrode 7 (unless this has already been done for flame monitoring), with a second ionization signal being measured and evaluated in a second evaluation electronics 13 which also provides an actual value for lambda.
  • both actual values supplied by the measuring systems S1 and S2 are the same or are in a ratio that has not changed since the last calibration, so that the control curve in the first measuring system S1 can remain unchanged. If, however, deviations between the two measured values or their ratio are found in a comparator 15, a correction factor is determined by means of a correction unit 16 with which the control curve is corrected, so that the control unit 17 can carry out further control using the corrected control curve with the first measuring system can perform. It is assumed that the second measuring system S2 measures more reliably than the first measuring system S1, which is why S1 is corrected to the actual value of S2. Using empirical values and / or theoretical considerations, however, this correction can be weakened by a damping value if the entire calculated correction is not to be applied or not immediately.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a diagram how the first ionization signal (and in a similar form also the second ionization signal) depends on the speed of the fan 5.
  • the speed is typically in the range between 1000 and 10,000 revolutions per minute [rpm] and certain speeds can be used as support points i1, i2, ... i10 for checking and recalibrating.
  • the upper curve A shows the dependency for a new ionization electrode 8, while the lower curve B illustrates the dependency for a used and already somewhat aged (e.g. oxidized or bent) ionization electrode 8.
  • the ionization signal I1 is converted into a lambda value from the calibration curve A, an incorrect actual value would result for an aged ionization electrode 8, which would lead to a suboptimal control.
  • a typical procedure according to the invention for recalibrating the control curve in the first measuring system is described in the following by way of example, but the invention is not limited to this special procedure, since there are many possibilities for using ignition electrode 7 for recalibration.
  • the heater initially works in normal operation with a certain supply of fuel gas and an associated speed of the fan 5, with the ionization signal I1 being adjusted to a value of z.
  • B. 100 ⁇ A [microAmpere] is controlled by adjusting the speed of the fan and / or the fuel supply. With valid calibration data (map, control curve), this type of control ensures that a desired lambda value is maintained over a large load range.
  • a recalibration can be triggered.
  • a simple control curve is corrected using so-called support points i1, i2, ... i10 on the x-axis (fan speed) so that the values between support points i1, i2, ... i10 are obtained by interpolation if necessary can be.
  • support points i1, i2, ... i10 are obtained by interpolation if necessary can be.
  • a recalibration is carried out at a suitable point in time, for example when a load of the corresponding order of magnitude is needed or at least can be removed.
  • the gas supply is kept constant for the entire period of recalibration, and initially also the fan speed.
  • a switch is then made from the first measuring system S1 to the second measuring system S2.
  • the speed of the fan 5 is increased until the second ionization signal detects a lifting of the flame from the burner 9 due to a sharp rise (see point "2" in FIG Fig. 4 ). From this point, the speed of the fan 5 is reduced again, the ionization signal being observed in order to determine the exact position of the (absolute) minimum of the ionization signal and to regulate the setpoint to the minimum or its vicinity (see point "3" in Fig. 4 ). At this point, it is now checked whether the actual speed of the fan 5 corresponds to an expected one, for example approximately 6,000 rpm.
  • the original speed resulting from the regulation can now be compared and its calibration corrected at least at this point (support point) of the calibration curve.
  • This can also be carried out in other load states (support points) at suitable times so that the calibration can be corrected accordingly there as well.
  • z. B the ratio of I2 / I1. For example, you increase the fan speed (increasing the air ratio increases and reduces the risk of unintentional emission of carbon monoxide) until the ratio of l2 / l1 has increased by 5 percentage points and you determine at which fan speed this increase is achieved, whereby the initial speed ( here 3000 rpm) and final speed (here e.g. 4000 rpm) are set in relation (result 0.75) and can be compared with a previously saved reference value (e.g. 0.7).
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a circuit as it can be used for the measuring system S2.
  • a second AC voltage source 12 with a high output resistance 18 initially supplies an AC voltage without a DC voltage component to the ignition electrode 7 and the counter electrode 9 (ground).
  • the voltage only drops in a half-wave due to the rectifying effect of the flame (shown as a diode in the equivalent circuit diagram), so that an alternating voltage is present at the input of the second evaluation electronics 14 (amplifier and converter) with a negative DC voltage component is present, which becomes the second ionization signal in the evaluation electronics 14 and can be converted in an analog / digital converter 20 and then processed further.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates qualitatively what happens during the recalibration process by means of the second measuring system S2.
  • the second ionization signal I2 is plotted on the Y-axis (in digitized form, e.g. as a number between 0 and 1023) against the fan speed on the X-axis with a constant gas supply.
  • the resulting characteristic diagram shows an almost constant initial range, a decrease to a minimum (point "3") and then an increase.
  • the flame begins to detach, which can then become unstable as the air supply increases.
  • the air supply can be varied without producing carbon monoxide or instabilities to find the minimum at point "3" and to use for recalibration.
  • the lambda value could also be used as a unit on the X axis because of the relationship described.
  • Fig. 5 shows the result of the recalibration for a support point at a fan speed of 3000 rpm. Due to the recalibration at this support point, the desired constant lambda value of 1.3 is no longer achieved with an ionization signal of 100 ⁇ A, but with an ionization signal of 93, 3 ⁇ A. After recalibration, this value is therefore the new setpoint at this point with a corresponding adjustment of the values in the vicinity of this fan speed. A recalibration at several support points results in a new calibration curve for the desired lambda value, which is the one in Fig. 2 illustrated drift of the measuring system S1 takes into account.
  • the present invention makes it possible to set up a reliable recalibration of an existing conventional control system without changes to a heater itself only by additional electronics, in that the ignition electrode is also used to generate a second ionization signal in the flame area, with which a possible long-term drift of the existing control system at predetermined intervals can be corrected.
  • a second ionization signal is used anyway in many applications for flame monitoring, so that only a few additional electronic components are required to use it for recalibrating the usual control system, in particular for correcting a long-term drift.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP20185284.5A 2019-07-16 2020-07-10 Procédé et dispositif d'étalonnage ultérieur d'un système de mesure permettant de réguler un mélange gaz-air de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage Active EP3767174B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019119214.5A DE102019119214A1 (de) 2019-07-16 2019-07-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachkalibrierung eines Messsystems zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches in einem Heizgerät

Publications (3)

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EP3767174A1 true EP3767174A1 (fr) 2021-01-20
EP3767174C0 EP3767174C0 (fr) 2024-04-17
EP3767174B1 EP3767174B1 (fr) 2024-04-17

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EP (1) EP3767174B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112240565B (fr)
DE (1) DE102019119214A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2980814T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3767174T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114576648A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-06-03 浙江菲斯曼供热技术有限公司 用于运行气体燃烧器的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120627083B (zh) * 2025-07-16 2025-12-02 广东益合威金属制品有限公司 一种智能燃气灶燃烧器

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DE2103189A1 (de) * 1970-03-09 1971-10-21 Pag Schaltungsanordnung zum Zünden und Überwachen einer Flamme
JPS6057125A (ja) * 1983-09-09 1985-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃焼制御回路
EP0770824B1 (fr) 1995-10-25 2000-01-26 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
EP1750058A2 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 MERLONI TERMOSANITARI S.p.A. Procédé de régulation de combustion avec recherche guidée d'une valeur de consigne
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP2014985B1 (fr) 2007-07-13 2017-05-24 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
EP3690318A2 (fr) * 2019-01-29 2020-08-05 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'un mélange air-gaz de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage

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DE102005012388B4 (de) * 2005-03-17 2007-09-20 Beru Ag Verfahren zum Erfassen des Vorliegens einer Flamme im Brennraum eines Brenners und Zündvorrichtung für einen Brenner
DE102010001307B4 (de) * 2010-01-28 2013-12-24 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung sowie Flammenüberwachungssystem
DE102011111453A1 (de) * 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Luftzahleinstellung bei einem Heizgerät
EP3290797B1 (fr) * 2016-09-02 2021-10-06 Robert Bosch GmbH Procédé de détection d'un état de vieillissement d'un système de chauffage ainsi qu'une unité de commande et système de chauffage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2103189A1 (de) * 1970-03-09 1971-10-21 Pag Schaltungsanordnung zum Zünden und Überwachen einer Flamme
JPS6057125A (ja) * 1983-09-09 1985-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃焼制御回路
EP0770824B1 (fr) 1995-10-25 2000-01-26 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
EP1750058A2 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 MERLONI TERMOSANITARI S.p.A. Procédé de régulation de combustion avec recherche guidée d'une valeur de consigne
EP2014985B1 (fr) 2007-07-13 2017-05-24 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP3690318A2 (fr) * 2019-01-29 2020-08-05 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de régulation d'un mélange air-gaz de combustion dans un appareil de chauffage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114576648A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-06-03 浙江菲斯曼供热技术有限公司 用于运行气体燃烧器的方法
CN114576648B (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-12-06 浙江菲斯曼供热技术有限公司 用于运行气体燃烧器的方法

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Publication number Publication date
CN112240565B (zh) 2025-08-05
DE102019119214A1 (de) 2021-01-21
ES2980814T3 (es) 2024-10-03
CN112240565A (zh) 2021-01-19
PL3767174T3 (pl) 2024-07-15
EP3767174C0 (fr) 2024-04-17
EP3767174B1 (fr) 2024-04-17

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