EP4642746A1 - Bétons à ultra-haute performance à résistance à la flexion renforcée - Google Patents

Bétons à ultra-haute performance à résistance à la flexion renforcée

Info

Publication number
EP4642746A1
EP4642746A1 EP23840986.6A EP23840986A EP4642746A1 EP 4642746 A1 EP4642746 A1 EP 4642746A1 EP 23840986 A EP23840986 A EP 23840986A EP 4642746 A1 EP4642746 A1 EP 4642746A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filler
hydraulic
hydraulic composition
comprised
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23840986.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Olivier HALIN
Emmanuel Bonnet
Jean-Nicolas RIVOAL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Holcim Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Holcim Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Holcim Technology Ltd filed Critical Holcim Technology Ltd
Publication of EP4642746A1 publication Critical patent/EP4642746A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08—Slag cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
    • C04B2111/00172—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the wet process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
    • C04B2111/723—Repairing reinforced concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hydraulic binders which give the possibility of obtaining an ultra- high performance concrete with reinforced flexural strength, and to mixtures comprising this binder.
  • Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) compositions are obtained by making use of the concept of optimized particle packing at the scale of fine elements and optimized water cement ratios.
  • Ultrafine limestone filler and silica fume are commonly used to achieve the preferable packing properties, and the desired concrete performance.
  • Such known UHPC compositions can achieve final compressive strengths values of above 130 MPa, or even 150 MPa, and can be used in a high number of applications.
  • Such concrete compositions often have low flexural strength values, which can be a limiting factor for specific applications.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a UHPC composition that provides a higher flexural strength.
  • the invention is directed to a hydraulic binder comprising as percentage by mass:
  • a filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof;
  • a filler A2 selected from siliceous mineral addition or limestone addition; the sum of these percentages being comprised from 80 % to 100 %.
  • the cement has a Blaine specific surface area greater than or equal to 4 000 cm 2 /g.
  • the cement is preferably a CEM I, a CEM II or a CEM III cement.
  • particles of filler A1 have a D50 comprised from 2 pm to 80 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 30 pm.
  • particles of filler A2 have a D50 comprised from 1 pm to 150 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 50 pm.
  • the invention is also directed to a mixture comprising as percentage by volume, at least 45 % of the hydraulic binder of the invention and at least 30 % of sand, the sum of these percentages being comprised from 95 % to 100 %.
  • the particles of the sand have a D50 of at least 200 pm, preferably is comprised from 200 pm to 3 mm.
  • the invention is also directed to a hydraulic composition comprising in a volume of 1 m 3 :
  • the hydraulic composition further comprises a superplasticizer, an antifoaming agent of mixtures thereof.
  • the hydraulic composition further comprise mineral, organic or metal fibers, or a mixture thereof.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for producing a hydraulic composition according to the invention wherein the hydraulic binder of the invention, the sand, water and optionally the fibers, the superplasticizer and/or the anti-foaming agent are mixed.
  • the invention is also directed to an object formed for the construction field comprising the hydraulic composition according to the invention.
  • the invention is also directed to the use of the hydraulic composition according to the invention in the replacement and repair of infrastructure elements such as bridge decks, pillars, beams or dams.
  • the invention is also directed to the use of the hydraulic composition according to the invention for shotcrete applications, or sprayed concrete.
  • the invention is also directed to the use of filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof in ultra-high performance concrete compositions for improving the flexural strength of the concrete.
  • filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof in ultra-high performance concrete compositions for improving the flexural strength of the concrete.
  • An aim of the present invention is to improve flexural strength of ultra-high-performance concrete in relation to the compressive strength.
  • the invention seeks to provide at least one of the determining advantages described hereafter.
  • Another advantage of the hydraulic compositions according to the invention lies in their rheology.
  • the hydraulic compositions of the invention are pumpable and can also be self-leveling, meaning having the characteristic that the hydraulic composition spread over a rough surface settles on its own to a horizontal level, without the intervention of any professional or any specific tool.
  • D90 also noted as Dv90, corresponds to the 90 th centile of the volume distribution of particle sizes, i.e. 90 % of the volume consists of particles for which the size is less than D90 and 10 % with a size greater than D90.
  • D50 also noted as Dv50, corresponds to the 50 th centile of the volume distribution of particle sizes, i.e. 50 % of the volume consists of particles for which the size is less than D50 and 50 % with a size greater than D50.
  • D10 also noted as Dv10, correspond to the 10 th centile of the volume distribution of particle sizes, i.e. 10 % of the volume consists of particles for which the size is less than D10 and 90 % with a size greater than D10.
  • D10 or D90 of a set of particles may generally be determined by laser grain size measurement for particles with a size of less than 800 pm, or by screening for particles with a size of more than 63 pm.
  • the BET specific surface area is a measurement of the actual total surface area of the particles, which takes into account the presence of reliefs, irregularities, surface or internal cavities, porosity.
  • the present invention proposes a hydraulic binder comprising as percentage by mass:
  • a filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof;
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises a cement comprising Portland clinker, also called Portland cement.
  • the Portland cement in the sense of the invention is a cement that comprises a Portland clinker and usually a source of calcium sulfate.
  • Portland cements are typically those defined in the standard NF EN 197-1 as of April 2012, in the standard NF EN 197-5 of May 2021 , and those described in the ASTM C150-12 standard.
  • the cement may for example be selected from CEM I, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, or CEM V cements as defined in the standard NF EN 197-1 as of April 2012, or be selected from a CEM II and a CEM VI of the standard NF EN 197-5 of May 2021.
  • the cement is preferably a CEM I, a CEM II, or a CEM III.
  • the cement suitable for use according to the present invention has a Blaine specific surface area is greater than or equal to 4 000 cm 2 /g, preferably greater than or equal to 5 000 cm 2 /g.
  • the cement may have a Blaine specific surface area lower or equal to 9 000 cm 2 /g.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises from 40 % to 80 % of cement, more preferentially from 50 % to 70 % expressed in a mass percentage based on the binder.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises silica fume.
  • Silica fume suitable according to the invention may be a by-product of metallurgy and of silicon production. Silica fume is generally formed with spherical particles comprising at least 85% by mass of amorphous silica.
  • the silica fume used according to the present invention may be selected from among silica fumes according to the European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.7.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises from 5 % to 50 % of silica fume, more from preferably 5 % to 40%, further preferably from 6 % to 30 %, even more preferably from 6 % to 15%, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder.
  • the inventors found that using the filler A1 in a LIHPC composition improves the flexural strength of the resulting UH PC concrete.
  • the flexural strength can be increased while maintaining sufficient compressive strength.
  • the use of filler A1 allows an increase of the flexural I compressive strength ratio of the final product.
  • Filler A1 is selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof.
  • Crushed glass is a waste material obtained from glass.
  • Milled E-glass is a waste material that is obtained from old glass fibers, used in the area of telecommunications.
  • Crushed glass and milled E glass are composed of amorphous silica.
  • the components of the glass preferably comprise SiC>2 and AI2O3.
  • the components of the glass preferably comprise SiC>2, AI2O3, CaO, MgO, B2O3, F2, Na2O, K2O and Fe2O, advantageously in a content ranging from 90 % to 100 % by weight of the glass.
  • particles of filler A1 have a D50 comprised from 2 pm to 80 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 30 pm.
  • particles of crushed glass have a D50 from 2 pm to 80 pm, more preferably from 5 pm to 30 pm.
  • particles of milled E glass have a D50 from 2 pm to 80 pm, more preferably from 5 pm to 30 pm.
  • Ground feldspar is micronized feldspar fillers that are processed from a low in free silica chemically inert Feldspar.
  • Feldspar is an alumino silicate rock. It is advantageously characterized by a chemical structure of (Ba,Ca,Na,K,NH4)(AI,B,Si)40s.
  • particles of ground feldspar have a D50 from 5 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 5 pm to 20 pm.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises from 5 % to 40 % of filler A1 , more preferably from 6 % to 25 %, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention may further comprise a filler A2.
  • the filler A2 can be selected from among siliceous mineral additions, limestone additions, or mixtures thereof.
  • Mineral additions comprising calcium carbonate, e.g. limestone, are preferably as defined in the NF EN 197-1 standard, paragraph 5.2.6.
  • filler A2 particles have a D50 comprised from 1 pm to 150 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 50 pm.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises from 0 % to 25 % of filler A2, more preferably from 0 % to 20 %, even more preferably from 0 % to 10 %, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises more than 0 % of filler A2, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention comprises from 1 % to 25 % of filler A2, more preferably from 2 % to 20 %, even more preferably from 3 % to 10 %, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder.
  • the cement, silica fume, filler A1 and optional filler A2 are the main components of the hydraulic binder.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention may also comprise from 0 % to 20 %, expressed as percentage by mass relative to the binder, of pozzolanic materials (e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.3), slags (e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 2001 paragraph 5.2.2), calcined shales (e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.5), materials containing calcium carbonate, limestone for example (e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.6), siliceous additions (e.g. such as defined in French standard NF P 18- 509 of December 1998 paragraph 5), fly ashes (e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.4) or mixtures thereof.
  • pozzolanic materials e.g. such as defined in European standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012 paragraph 5.2.3
  • Another object according to the invention is also a mixture comprising a volume percentage, of at least 45% of the hydraulic binder according to the invention and at least 30% of sand, the sum of these percentages being comprised from 95 to 100%.
  • the mixture according to the invention comprises a sand.
  • the sand of the mixture according to the invention is a siliceous sand, a calcined bauxite sand, a siliceous limestone sand, a limestone sand or mixtures thereof.
  • the grain size of the sands is generally determined by screening.
  • the mixture according to the invention comprises a sand the particles of which a D50 of at least 200 pm, preferably is comprised from 200 pm to 3 mm.
  • the particles of sand have a D50 comprised from 200 pm to 1 mm, more preferably from 250 pm to 800 pm, even more preferably from 250 pm to 500 pm.
  • the particles of sand have a D10 comprised from 100 pm to 1 mm, more preferably from 150 pm to 400 pm.
  • the particles of sand have a D90 of less than or equal to 5 mm, more preferably from 300 pm to 5 mm, more preferably from 350 pm to 1 ,000 pm, further preferably from 300 pm to 600 pm.
  • Another object according to the invention is also a hydraulic composition comprising in a volume of 1 m 3 , comprises:
  • binder-sand mixture at least 700 liters of binder-sand mixture according to the invention; the sum of the volumes of these 2 components being comprised from 950 to 1 000 liters.
  • water used with regard to the hydraulic composition relates to the water added for mixing the hydraulic composition and the water of the admixtures, such as the water of liquid plasticizer.
  • the hydraulic composition comprises from 200 to 300 liters of water, more preferably from 220 to 260 liters of water per cubic meter of hydraulic composition.
  • the amount of mixing water is from 200 L/m 3 to 300 L/m 3 , preferably from 220 L/m 3 to 260 L/m 3 .
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may also comprise at least an admixture, for example one of those described in the EN 934-2 standards as of September 2002, EN 934-3 standard as of November 2009 or EN 934-4 as of August 2009.
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may comprise an admixture for a hydraulic composition, for example an accelerator, a viscosity modifying agent, an antifoam agent, a retarder, a clay inerting agent, a shrinkage-reducing agent, a plasticizer and/or a super-plasticizer.
  • a hydraulic composition for example an accelerator, a viscosity modifying agent, an antifoam agent, a retarder, a clay inerting agent, a shrinkage-reducing agent, a plasticizer and/or a super-plasticizer.
  • these admixtures may be added to the binder or to the mixture or with to the hydraulic composition, generally with mixing water.
  • the hydraulic composition may comprise a superplasticizer, in particular from 0.01 % to 5 %, preferably from 0.1 % to 3 %, a percentage expressed in dry extract mass based on the cement mass.
  • a superplasticizer in particular from 0.01 % to 5 %, preferably from 0.1 % to 3 %, a percentage expressed in dry extract mass based on the cement mass.
  • the required amount of superplasticizer generally depends on the reactivity of the cement. The lower the reactivity, the smaller is the required amount of superplasticizer.
  • the superplasticizer may be used as a calcium salt rather than as a sodium salt.
  • a water reducing agent is defined as an admixture which typically reduces the amount of mixing water by 10 to 15% typically of a concrete for a given workability.
  • the water reducing agents include, for example lignosulfonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids, carbohydrates and other specialized organic compounds, e.g. glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alumino-methyl-siliconate, sulfanilic acid and casein.
  • the superplasticizers are able to reduce the amounts of water by about 30%.
  • Superplasticizers have been globally classified in four groups: sulfonated condensates of naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) (generally a sodium salt); sulfonate condensates of melamine formaldehyde (SMF); modified lignosulfonates (MLS); and others.
  • SNF naphthalene formaldehyde
  • SMF melamine formaldehyde
  • MLS modified lignosulfonates
  • superplasticizers also include polycarboxylic compounds such as polycarboxylates, e.g. polyacrylates.
  • a superplasticizer is preferably of the polycarboxylate type, e.g.
  • Sodium polycarboxylates-polysulfonates and sodium polyacrylates may also be used.
  • the derivatives of phosphonic acid may also be used.
  • the hydraulic composition may further comprise an anti-foam agent, for example polydimethylsiloxane.
  • anti-foam agents also comprise silicones as a solution, solid or preferably as a resin, an oil or an emulsion, preferably in water. Silicones comprising groups (RSiOo.s) and (R2SiO) are most particularly suitable.
  • the radicals R which may either be identical or different, are preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the methyl group being preferred.
  • the number of units is preferably from 30 to 120.
  • the hydraulic composition may further comprise a viscosifying agent and/or an agent for modifying the flow limit (generally for increasing viscosity and/or flow limit).
  • a viscosifying agent and/or an agent for modifying the flow limit comprise: starch and starch derivatives; plant proteins; derivatives of cellulose, for example cellulose ethers soluble in water, such as sodium carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl ethers; alginates; latex; polyether(polyethylene glycol); polyacrylamide; polyvinyl alcohol; and xanthan, carrageenan or guar gum.
  • a mixture of these agents may be used.
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may further comprise an accelerator and/or a retarder.
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may further comprise fibers, for example mineral fibers (e.g. glass, basalt), organic fibers (e.g. plastic of APV type), metal fibers (e.g. steel) or a mixture thereof.
  • fibers for example mineral fibers (e.g. glass, basalt), organic fibers (e.g. plastic of APV type), metal fibers (e.g. steel) or a mixture thereof.
  • the organic fibers may notably be selected from among polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, poly-acrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, high density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers, polyamide or polyimide fibers, polypropylene fibers, aramid fibers or carbon fibers. Mixtures of these fibers may also be used.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PAN poly-acrylonitrile
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • polyamide or polyimide fibers polyamide or polyimide fibers
  • polypropylene fibers polypropylene fibers
  • aramid fibers or carbon fibers. Mixtures of these fibers may also be used.
  • organic fibers may appear as an object either consisting of single strand or multiple strands, the diameter of the object ranging from 25 microns to 800 microns.
  • the individual length of the organic fibers is preferably comprised between 10 mm and 50 mm.
  • metal fibers these may be metal fibers selected from among steel fibers such as high mechanical strength steel fibers, amorphous steel fibers, or further stainless steel fibers.
  • the steel fibers may be coated with a non-ferrous metal such as copper, zinc, nickel (or their alloys).
  • the individual length of the metal fibers is preferably of at least 2 mm and is, even more preferentially, comprised in the range from 10 mm to 30 mm.
  • Fibers which are notched, corrugated or hooked-up at the ends may be used.
  • the amount of fibers is comprised from 0 % to 6 %, even more preferentially from 0 % to 5 % of the volume of the hydraulic composition.
  • the amount of fibers is 0 % of the volume of the hydraulic composition.
  • the fibers may be added to the binder or to the mixture according to the invention.
  • the hydraulic composition may be reinforced, for example with metal bars, to produce formed objects.
  • the hydraulic composition may be pre-stressed, by cables or adherent tendons, or post-tensioned, with cables or tendons or sheets or non-adherent bars.
  • the use of filler A1 in LIHPC composition however allows reducing the quantity of reinforcement agents used.
  • the hydraulic composition of the invention has a compression strength (Rc) greater than or equal to 130 MPa at 28 days.
  • the hydraulic composition of the invention satisfies at least one of the following properties, preferably all these properties:
  • - with fibers average value of the tensile strength (fctm.el) greater than or equal to 7 MPa at 28 days, preferably greater than or equal to 8 MPa at 28 days; average value of the flexural tensile strength (fcmt.fl) greater than or equal to 10 MPa at 28 days, preferably greater than or equal to 12 MPa at 28 days.
  • the hydraulic composition of the invention has an increased of the flexural I compressive strength ratio.
  • the hydraulic composition which does not comprise fibers of the invention satisfies at least one of the following properties, preferably all these properties: the value for the ratio fctm.el/Rc is above 0.05, preferably above 0.07; the value for the ratio fcmt.fl/Rc is above 0.01 , preferably above 0.11.
  • the hydraulic composition which comprises fibers of the invention satisfies at least one of the following properties, preferably all these properties: the value for the ratio fctm.el/Rc is above 0.03, preferably above 0.04; the value for the ratio fcmt.fl/Rc is above 0.05, preferably above 0.06.
  • the hydraulic composition of the invention has the following advantages: it is pumpable; it may be applied by projection, in particular with a projection gun or by spraying with a projecting lance; it may be used in methods for manufacturing concrete parts by calendering; it may be used in repairing or rehabilitating concrete structures existing on inclined or vertical surfaces, for example a pier or bridge slab, or an unloading dock of a harbor; it preferably has a stress threshold greater than 50 Pa measured at a shear gradient of 0.1 s -1 , more preferably greater than 100 Pa.
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may be prepared by mixing the mixture according to the invention or the hydraulic binder according to the invention with water.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a hydraulic composition according to the invention wherein the hydraulic binder as defined above, the sand, water and optionally the fibers, admixtures as defined above are mixed.
  • the method advantageously comprises: mixing the hydraulic binder, the sand, and optionally admixtures described above except the liquid admixture(s); add water and then add the liquid admixture(s).
  • fibers When fibers are used, these are preferably added after the liquid admixture(s).
  • the mixing of the hydraulic composition may be conducted using known methods.
  • the hydraulic composition according to the invention may be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art, comprising the mixing of solid components and water, shaping (for example, casting, projection, spraying or calendaring) and hardening.
  • the method of producing a hydraulic composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise the following steps: a) providing a hydraulic binder according to the invention; b) mixing the hydraulic binder of step a) with water, for example at a speed kneading of from 20 to 35 rpm, until homogenization; c) optionally, add liquid admixtures such as superplasticizer or defoaming agent, and/or add fibers while maintaining mixing, for example at a speed kneading of from 35 to 50 rpm, until homogenization.
  • Steps b) and c) can be concomitant.
  • fibers are used, these are preferably not added in step c), but in a subsequent step d) comprising adding the fibers to the mix obtained in step b) or step c) while maintaining mixing, preferably at a speed kneading of from 10 to 20 rpm.
  • rpm means “rotations per minute”.
  • the hydraulic composition of the invention may be used directly in the fresh state at the work site and applied to an infrastructure element such a civil engineering structure or a building to be restored, or at a precast factory, or used as a coating on a solid support.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to an object formed for the field of construction comprising the hydraulic composition according to the invention.
  • the method of the invention to manufacture an object further comprises a mould release step (iii) after hardening of the hydraulic composition, in particular if the support at step (ii) is a mould.
  • the method of the invention to manufacture an object further comprises a step to pump the hydraulic composition after step (i).
  • the support at step (ii) is a mould, a wall, a partition or a floor.
  • step (ii) can be a projection step conducted using: a positive displacement pump e.g. a piston pump, membrane pump, gear pump, vane pump, eccentric screw pump; or a dynamic pump e.g. a centrifugal pump, vortex pump.
  • a positive displacement pump e.g. a piston pump, membrane pump, gear pump, vane pump, eccentric screw pump
  • a dynamic pump e.g. a centrifugal pump, vortex pump.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a hydraulic composition according to the invention in the replacement and repair of infrastructure elements such as bridge decks, pillars, beams or dams.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a hydraulic composition according to the invention for shotcrete applications, or sprayed concrete.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof in ultra-high performance (LIHPC) concrete compositions for improving the flexural strength of the concrete.
  • filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof in ultra-high performance (LIHPC) concrete compositions for improving the flexural strength of the concrete.
  • LIHPC ultra-high performance
  • the filler A1 is preferably as defined above.
  • the UH PC composition is preferably as defined above.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for improving the flexural strength of a concrete composition, wherein a filler A1 selected from crushed glass, milled E-glass, ground feldspar filler, or mixtures thereof is added to a hydraulic binder comprising cement and silica fume.
  • the hydraulic binder composition is preferably as disclosed above.
  • the content of A2 filler in the hydraulic binder is strictly above 0% by weight.
  • the grain size curves of the different powders are obtained with a laser Malvern MS2000 granulometer.
  • the measurement is carried out in a suitable medium (for example, in an aqueous medium); the size of the particles should be comprised from 0.02 pm to 2 mm.
  • the light source consists of a red He-Ne laser (632 nm) and a blue diode (466 nm).
  • the optical model is the Fraunhofer one, the computation matrix is of the polydisperse type.
  • a measurement of background noise is first of all carried out with a pump rate of 2,000 rpm, a stirring rate of 800 rpm and a measurement of noise over 10 s, in the absence of ultrasonic waves. It is then checked that the light intensity of the laser is at least equal to 80%, and that a decreasing exponential curve is obtained for the background noise. If this is not the case, the lenses of the cell have to be cleaned.
  • a first measurement is then carried out on the sample with the following parameters: pump rate of 2,000 rpm, stirring rate of 800 rpm, absence of ultrasonic waves, obscuration limit between 10 and 20%.
  • the sample is introduced in order to have an obscuration slightly greater than 10%.
  • the measurement is carried out with a duration between the immersion and the measurement set to 10 s.
  • the measurement duration is of 30 s (30,000 analyzed diffraction images). In the obtained granulogram, the fact that a portion of the population of the powder may be agglomerated should be taken into account.
  • a second measurement (without emptying the tank) is then carried out with ultrasonic waves.
  • the pump rate is brought to 2,500 rpm, the stirring to 1 ,000 rpm, the ultrasonic waves are 100 % emitted (30 Watts). This rate is maintained for 3 minutes, and then one returns to the initial parameters: pump rate 2,000 rpm, stirrer rate of 800 rpm, absence of ultrasonic waves.
  • a measurement is made for 30 s (30,000 analyzed images).
  • This second measurement corresponds to a powder de-agglomerated by ultrasonic dispersion. Each measurement is repeated least twice in order to check the stability of the result.
  • the apparatus is calibrated before each working session by means of a standard sample (silica C10 Sifraco) the grain size curve of which is known. All the measurements shown in the description and the announced ranges correspond to the values obtained with ultrasonic waves.
  • the specific surface area of the various powders is measured as follows.
  • a powder sample is taken with the following mass: 0.1 to 0.2 g for an estimated specific surface area of more than 30 m 2 /g; 0.3 g for an estimated specific surface area of 10-30 m 2 /g; 1 g for an estimated specific surface area of 3-10 m 2 /g; 1.5 g for an estimated specific surface area of 2-3 m 2 /g; 2 g for an estimated specific surface area of 1 .5-2 m 2 /g; 3 g for an estimated specific surface area of 1-1.5 m 2 /g.
  • a 3 cm 3 or 9 cm 3 cell is used depending on the volume of the sample.
  • the whole of the measurement cell (cell + glass rod) is weighed.
  • the sample is added into the cell: the product should not be at less than one millimeter from the top of the neck of the cell.
  • the whole (cell + glass rod + sample) is weighed.
  • the measurement cell is set into place on a degassing station and the sample is degassed.
  • the degassing parameters are 30 min 145°C for Portland cement, gypsum, pozzolans; 3 h / 200°C for slags, flying ashes, aluminous cement, limestone; and 4 h / 300°C for controlled alumina.
  • the cell is rapidly blocked with a plug after degassing.
  • the whole is weighed and the result is noted. All the weighing operations are carried out without the plug, the latter being temporarily removed for making the measurement.
  • the mass of the sample is obtained by subtracting the mass of the cell from the sum of the masses of the cell and of the degassed sample.
  • the analyser is the SA 3100 from Beckman Coulter.
  • the measurement is based on the adsorption of nitrogen by the sample at a given temperature, here the liquid nitrogen temperature i.e. about -196°C.
  • the apparatus measures the pressure of the reference cell in which the adsorbate is at its saturating vapor pressure and that of the cell of the sample into which known volumes of adsorbate are injected.
  • the resulting curve from these measurements is the adsorption isotherm.
  • the knowledge of the dead volume of the cell is required: a measurement of this volume is therefore conducted with helium before the analysis.
  • the sample mass computed earlier is entered as a parameter.
  • the BET surface area is determined by the piece of software by linear regression from the experimental curve.
  • the reproducibility standard deviation obtained from 10 measurements on a silica with specific surface area of 21.4 m 2 /g is 0.07.
  • the obtained reproducibility standard deviation from 10 measurements on a cement with specific surface area of 0.9 m 2 /g is 0.02.
  • the compressional strength (Cs) is measured on cylindrical sample having a diameter of 7 cm and a height of 14 cm, the surfaces on which the compressive force is applied to the sample are flattened. Cylinder diameter of 70 mm x height 140m were filled with concrete and tested according to the NF EN 12390-3 “Determination de la resistance en compression” (June 2019). The estimation of the characteristic value is done according to NF P 18-470 Annexe B (July 2016) using 6 experimental results. The applied compressive force is increased up to a level of 3.08 kN/s during the compression test.
  • the flexural and tensile strengths is measured on prism sample having a width and height of 7 cm and a length of 28 cm. 7x7x28 cm prisms are filled with concrete and tested according to the NF P 18-470 “Annexe D Essais de flexion sur prismes et methode d'exploitation” (July 2016), using a three-point procedure.
  • samples can be cut from concrete blocks. This is the case for fiber samples resulting from a shotcrete process fctm.el : average value of the tensile strength, expressed in MPa fcmt.fl: average value of the flexural tensile strength, expressed in MPa
  • V Limestone filler Durcal 40 provided by Omya
  • Milled E-glass, G75 has a D50 of 31 pm and D97 of 130 pm.
  • Milled E-glass, G25 has a D50 of 12 pm and D97 of 41 pm.
  • Micronised feldspar filler PGW 13 has a D50 of 13 pm and D97 of 60 pm.
  • BE01 sand is siliceous sand. It has a D10 of about 210 pm, a D50 of about 310 pm and, a D90 of about 400 pm.
  • the concrete (hydraulic composition) was manufactured according to the procedure described hereafter:
  • a fresh concrete was obtained and transfered into a piston concrete pump (Putzhoff P730).
  • the concrete is pumped and sprayed using a spraying nozzle (betojet Putzmeister) and a air flow delivered by an air compressor XATS 156 DD ATLAS COPCO 10 000 L/min setted at 7 bars.
  • Timber mold 50x50x15cm are filled by sprayed concrete and demolded at 1 day, stored at 100% relative humidity and 20°C. At 7 days, cylinder diameter of 70 mm x height 140m are drilled and prismatic specimen 7x7X28cm are cutted, stored a 100% relative humidity and 20°C tested after 28 days. The mechanical strengths were then measured.
  • LIHPC R1 is a comparative example: the binder comprises silica fume and limestone fillers only.
  • LIHPC 1 is a cement according to the invention: the limestone filler (filler A2) is substituted by glass (filler A1).
  • LIHPC concrete R1 has adequate compressive strength but flexural strength values are low. Substituting the limestone filler with milled E-glass increases flexural strength values while maintaining sufficient compressive strength.
  • UH PC R3 is a comparative example: the binder comprises silica fume and limestone fillers only.
  • UHPC 4 and 5 are a cement according to the invention: the limestone filler (filler A2) is substituted by glass
  • filler A1 UHPC 4 and 5 presented two different fibers dosages attesting that the flexural and tensile strength improvement is carried by the filler A1.
  • UH PC concretes 4 and 5 have both adequate compressive strength and flexural strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un liant hydraulique comprenant en pourcentage en masse de 40 % à 80 % d'un ciment Portland, de 3 % à 25 % de fumée de silice, de 5 % à 30 % d'une charge A1 choisie parmi le verre broyé, le verre E broyé, la charge de feldspath broyée, ou des mélanges de ceux-ci, de 0 % à 25 % d'une charge A2 choisie parmi l'addition minérale siliceuse ou l'addition de calcaire, la somme de ces pourcentages étant comprise entre 80 % et 100 %. La présente invention concerne également un mélange comprenant le liant hydraulique et du sable ainsi qu'une composition hydraulique comprenant le liant hydraulique. La composition hydraulique peut être utilisée dans le domaine de la construction.
EP23840986.6A 2022-12-28 2023-12-27 Bétons à ultra-haute performance à résistance à la flexion renforcée Pending EP4642746A1 (fr)

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EP22307056 2022-12-28
PCT/EP2023/087853 WO2024141559A1 (fr) 2022-12-28 2023-12-27 Bétons à ultra-haute performance à résistance à la flexion renforcée

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2978723A4 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2016-12-07 Socpra Sciences Et Genie Sec Béton translucide ultra-haute performance et procédé de production de celui-ci
US10131575B2 (en) * 2017-01-10 2018-11-20 Roman Cement, Llc Use of quarry fines and/or limestone powder to reduce clinker content of cementitious compositions
EP4090639A1 (fr) * 2020-01-14 2022-11-23 Holcim Technology Ltd Bétons à ultra-haute performance présentant une résistance initiale élevée
KR102414696B1 (ko) * 2020-11-03 2022-07-04 한국건설기술연구원 초고속 이동체계용 초고성능 콘크리트 진공튜브 세그먼트의 균열 보수재 및 그 균열 보수방법
WO2022132054A1 (fr) * 2020-12-18 2022-06-23 Nanyang Technological University Béton de granulat léger anti-éclatement et à grande résistance
CN114907070A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-16 湖南人健宝固高新科技发展有限公司 一种无收缩可喷射超高性能混凝土及其施工方法
GB2615847B (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-06-12 Fp Mccann Ltd Concrete composition and mineral additive therefor

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