Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F22—STEAM GENERATION
  • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
  • F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a heat pump device according to the preamble of claim 1 for the combined generation and provision of useful steam and useful heat using waste heat from technical processes or waste heat from the environment.
• heat pumps consist of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, all connected in a refrigerant circuit.
• the refrigerant flows in this circuit from the compressor through the condenser, the expansion valve, and finally the evaporator back to the compressor.
• heat from a heat source such as waste heat from industrial processes or ambient heat, is fed into the refrigerant circuit.
• the condenser the heat of condensation is released as usable heat, with the heat release at the condenser occurring at a higher temperature than the heat absorption at the evaporator.
• steam jet generators also called steam compressors or steam jet compressors, which make it possible to raise the pressure level of low-pressure steam to a higher pressure for its technical use.
• the steam jet generator operates on the principle of a jet pump, whereby a jet of high-pressure steam is supplied to the steam jet generator as the motive medium, which draws in the low-pressure steam acting as the suction medium.
• High-pressure and low-pressure steam They mix in the steam jet steam generator, producing technically usable medium-pressure steam.
• the object of the invention is to provide a heat pump device that makes it possible to efficiently utilize waste heat from technical processes or from the environment for the simultaneous generation of useful heat and useful steam, wherein the useful steam should have a pressure in the range of 3 bar to 11 bar preferred for further technical use.
• the heat pump device comprises a heat pump module, a low-pressure steam generator for generating low-pressure steam from feedwater, a steam jet compressor for generating usable steam, and a first heat exchanger for generating usable heat in the form of heated water.
• the heat pump device has a heating circuit connection that is connected to the first heat exchanger.
• the heating circuit connection forms the part of a heating circuit belonging to the heat pump device, in which the heating water circulates.
• the heat pump module contains the conventional components of a heat pump, namely at least one compressor, one condenser, one expansion valve, and one evaporator. These are connected by a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant circulates. The refrigerant is routed from the compressor through the condenser, the expansion valve, and finally the evaporator back to the compressor.
• the heat pump module can have one or more compressors in parallel.
• the evaporator of the heat pump module is connected to a waste heat source for the indirect transfer of heat from the waste heat provided by the heat source to the refrigerant.
• the heat source can It can be both an external component not belonging to the heat pump device and a component of the heat pump device.
• the low-pressure steam generator has a connection for supplying feedwater and a connection for discharging the low-pressure steam generated from the feedwater by evaporation.
• the thermal energy for evaporating the feedwater is supplied from the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module.
• the low-pressure steam generator acts as the condenser of the heat pump module; that is, the low-pressure steam generator is designed such that the heat released during the condensation of the refrigerant, i.e., the heat of condensation, is transferred from the refrigerant to the feedwater via indirect heat transfer within the low-pressure steam generator, which functions as the condenser.
• the heat of condensation of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module is released in the low-pressure steam generator to directly generate the low-pressure steam.
• the low-pressure steam generator (which acts as the condenser of the heat pump module), the first heat exchanger, and the evaporator of the heat pump module are each designed as heat exchangers that achieve heat transfer through fluidic separation of the fluids acting as heat transfer media. These heat exchangers are referred to here as mass flow-separated heat exchangers.
• the steam jet compressor has a motive medium inlet for supplying high-pressure steam in the form of a jet of high-pressure steam as the motive medium, a suction medium inlet for supplying low-pressure steam as the suction medium, and an outlet for discharging the useful steam generated in the steam jet compressor from the high-pressure and low-pressure steam in the form of medium-pressure steam.
• low-pressure steam refers to water vapor with an absolute pressure in the range of approximately 1 bar to 5 bar
• Medium-pressure steam is understood to be water vapor with an absolute pressure in the range of approximately 3 bar to 11 bar
• high-pressure steam is understood to be water vapor with an absolute pressure of at least 20 bar.
• the high-pressure steam introduced as a jet at the propellant inlet preferably has an absolute pressure of at least 60 bar.
• the heat pump system utilizes existing waste heat potential to simultaneously generate usable steam at an absolute pressure of up to 11 bar and heating water at a temperature of up to 95 °C. This makes the heat pump system suitable for applications with a simultaneous demand for steam and heat, particularly those requiring significantly more usable steam than could be generated solely from the waste heat of the heat source.
• the heat pump module With combining the heat pump module with the low-pressure steam generator and the steam jet compressor, which has no moving parts, it becomes possible to efficiently generate usable steam from waste heat or renewable heat sources with significantly better performance than would be possible with heat pumps that use the heat of condensation for direct usable steam generation. To generate the low-pressure steam, it is sufficient to operate the heat pump module at a maximum condensation temperature of 145 °C.
• the steam jet compressor driven by a jet of high-pressure steam, also called the motive jet, generates the usable steam from the energy-efficiently produced low-pressure steam by mixing it with the high-pressure steam.
• the usable steam which exits the steam jet compressor as medium-pressure steam, The outlet thus possesses the pressure level required for common technical applications.
• the heat pump device can include a high-pressure steam generator.
• This is preferably a conventional steam generator, which is, for example, electrically heated or gas-fired.
• the high-pressure steam generator is preferably designed to generate high-pressure steam at an absolute pressure of at least 60 bar. The additional energy required to generate the high-pressure steam at 60 bar is negligible in the overall energy balance for generating the same quantity of usable steam at medium-pressure steam level.
• the heat pump unit In addition to its high efficiency, the heat pump unit is characterized by its small installation space requirements and low operating costs compared to heat pumps designed for 100% steam demand coverage.
• One reason for this is that the compressor of the heat pump module requires a smaller displacement volume than a compressor in a heat pump that directly generates usable steam.
• Any natural or synthetic refrigerant is suitable as a refrigerant, provided that its critical temperature exceeds at least the low-pressure vapor temperature – preferably a temperature of 120 °C.
• the heat pump module further comprises a second heat exchanger arranged as an aftercooler in the refrigerant circuit between the condenser and the first heat exchanger for preheating the feedwater by indirect heat transfer of residual heat from the refrigerant to the feedwater.
• the second heat exchanger is again designed as a fluid-flow-separated heat exchanger, which realizes heat transfer with fluidic separation of the respective heat transfer fluids.
• the second heat exchanger is connected to the low-pressure steam generator to supply it with the feedwater in a preheated state.
• the heat pump device may be designed to include at least one preheating stage or at least one preheating unit for preheating the waste heat provided by the heat source.
• the respective preheating stage or preheating unit can be, for example, a heat pump or another type of heating element.
• the heat pump device can include one or more preheating stages designed as heat pumps, which are connected to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module in a cascade configuration.
• the cascade comprises the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module and the preheating stages in series.
• the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module forms the final stage of the cascade; the preheating stages are the preceding stages.
• the cascade gradually raises the temperature level of the waste heat transferred from the heat source to the evaporator of the heat pump module.
• the heat pump device with preheating stages or units is particularly suitable for use with low-temperature heat sources.
• the version without preheating stages or units also known as a single-stage version, should ideally be operated with a heat source temperature of at least 60 °C.
• the heat pump device can include the heat source, which is designed to provide waste heat at a heat source temperature of at least 60 °C.
• the heat pump module has a third, internal heat exchanger, through which further heat is extracted from the refrigerant after the first heat exchanger as an aftercooler in the refrigerant circuit, in order to use the released heat to cool the refrigerant immediately before it enters the refrigerant circuit.
• the third, internal heat exchanger is designed to divert some of the residual heat from the refrigerant circuit after the first heat exchanger by indirect heat transfer and feed it into the refrigerant circuit immediately before the compressor by indirect heat transfer.
• Fig. 1 the schematic fluidic circuit diagram of a single-stage design of the heat pump device, i.e., a design of the heat pump device without preheating stages or units and without an internal heat exchanger.
• the design of the heat pump device according to Fig. 1 The heat pump module 1 has a refrigerant circuit represented by a dotted line.
• the direction of circulation of the refrigerant 1.7 in the refrigerant circuit is indicated by the arrows.
• the heat transfer of the waste heat provided by heat source 8 into the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump module 1 takes place via the evaporator 1.4 of the heat pump module 1, which is designed as a mass flow-separated heat exchanger.
• the heat source 8, which in the single-stage version of the heat pump device according to Fig. 1 The component of the heat pump device should be designed so that the heat source temperature is at least 60 °C.
• the evaporated refrigerant 1.7 travels in the refrigerant circuit from the evaporator 1.4 to the compressor 1.1.
• the compressor In the compressor, the refrigerant 1.7 is compressed, which also heats it up.
• the compressed, gaseous refrigerant 1.7 then flows in the refrigerant circuit to the condenser 1.2, where it condenses and releases heat of condensation.
• the low-pressure steam generator 2 forms the condenser 1.2 of the heat pump module 1 or operates as such, whereby the condensation heat released during the condensation of the refrigerant 1.7 in the condenser 1.2 is transferred by means of Indirect heat transfer is transferred to the feedwater 7 supplied to the low-pressure steam generator 2 for its evaporation.
• the condenser 1.2 is designed as a mass flow-separated heat exchanger.
• the operating temperature of condenser 1.2, and consequently that of low-pressure steam generator 2 lies in the range of 100 °C to 145 °C.
• the low-pressure steam 11 generated in the low-pressure steam generator has a [value of value].
• Fig. 1 an absolute pressure in the range of 1 bar to 4.5 bar.
• the refrigerant 1.7 liquefied in condenser 1.2, flows in the refrigerant circuit from condenser 1.2 to the second heat exchanger 5, which acts as an aftercooler 1.6 in the refrigerant circuit.
• the second heat exchanger 5 the residual heat present in the refrigerant 1.7 is transferred to the feedwater 7 to preheat it.
• the preheated feedwater 7, 7.1 is then directed from the second heat exchanger 5 to the low-pressure steam generator 2.
• the second heat exchanger 5 is designed as a fluid-flow-separated heat exchanger.
• the refrigerant 1.7 which still contains residual heat after leaving the second heat exchanger 5, flows in the refrigerant circuit from the second heat exchanger 5 to the first heat exchanger 4.
• This first heat exchanger is also designed as a fluid-flow-separated heat exchanger for indirect heat transfer and acts as an aftercooler 1.5 in the refrigerant circuit.
• the residual heat of the refrigerant 1.7 is transferred to the heating water 6 circulating in the heating circuit.
• the heated heating water 6 is discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 via the heating circuit connection (not shown or labeled) and thus the usable heat is supplied to the consumer, for example, a heating system.
• the heating water 6 can be heated to temperatures of up to 95 °C by means of the first heat exchanger 4.
• the refrigerant 1.7 is routed in the refrigerant circuit from the first heat exchanger 4 via the expansion valve 1.3 back to the evaporator 1.4.
• the design of the heat pump device according to Fig. 1 The system further comprises the steam jet compressor 3 and the high-pressure steam generator 9.
• high-pressure steam 10 is generated at a pressure of at least 60 bar, which is supplied to the steam jet compressor 3 via its motive fluid inlet in the form of a jet.
• This jet of high-pressure steam 10, acting as the motive fluid in the steam jet compressor 3, is also referred to as the motive jet.
• the low-pressure steam 11 generated in the low-pressure steam generator 2 is drawn into the steam jet compressor 3 via the suction fluid inlet of the steam jet compressor 3, which is connected to the low-pressure steam generator 2, by the suction effect emanating from the motive jet. In doing so, it mixes with the high-pressure steam 10 to form the useful steam 12.
• the useful steam 12 is medium-pressure steam, which in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1 It has a pressure in the range of 6 bar to 10 bar and a temperature in the range of 160 °C to 185 °C.
• the useful steam 12 is a mixture of the high-pressure steam 10 and the low-pressure steam 11, wherein the proportion of the high-pressure steam 10 in this mixture forming the useful steam 12 is a maximum of 75% by mass and the proportion of the low-pressure steam 11 is at least 25% by mass.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 2025
  • 2025-06-24 EP EP25184755.4A patent/EP4675166A1/fr active Pending

Patent Citations (6)

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