ES2568429T3 - Composiciones azeotrópicas y similares a azeótropos de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno - Google Patents

Composiciones azeotrópicas y similares a azeótropos de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno Download PDF

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ES2568429T3
ES2568429T3 ES09767799.1T ES09767799T ES2568429T3 ES 2568429 T3 ES2568429 T3 ES 2568429T3 ES 09767799 T ES09767799 T ES 09767799T ES 2568429 T3 ES2568429 T3 ES 2568429T3
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azeotrope
1336mzz
azeotropic
perfluoro
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Mark L. Robin
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EIDP Inc
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Abstract

Una composición que consiste esencialmente en (a) Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno, y (b) un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste en éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3- pentanona); en donde dicho componente está presente en una cantidad eficaz para formar una combinación azeotrópica con el Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno.

Description

imagen1
imagen2
imagen3
ecuación NRTL.
Las temperaturas medidas frente a las composiciones en la celda PTx para la mezcla de Z-FC-1336mzz/éter dietílico se muestran en la figura 1, que ilustra de forma gráfica la formación de una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo que consiste esencialmente en Z-FC-1336mzz y éter dietílico, indicado por una mezcla de 5 aproximadamente 66,8% en moles de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y 33,2% en moles de éter dietílico, que tiene la temperatura más baja (aproximadamente 27,5ºC) del intervalo de composiciones a una presión de 83 kPa (12,0 psia). Basándose en estos descubrimientos, se ha calculado que el Z-FC-1336mzz y éter dietílico forman composiciones azeotrópicas en el intervalo de aproximadamente 46,8% en moles a aproximadamente 97,1% en moles de Z-FC-1336mzz y de aproximadamente 2,9% en moles a aproximadamente 53,2% en moles de éter
10 dietílico (que forman composiciones azeotrópicas que hierven a una temperatura de aproximadamente -50ºC a aproximadamente 160ºC y a una presión de aproximadamente 1,4 kPa (0,2 psia) a aproximadamente 2358 kPa (342 psia)). Por ejemplo, a 33,0ºC y presión atmosférica (101 kPa, 14,7 psia) la composición azeotrópica es de 68,8% en moles de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y 31,2% en moles de éter dietílico.
Se indican algunas realizaciones de composiciones azeotrópicas en la tabla 1.
15 Tabla 1. Composiciones azeotrópicas: Z-FC-1336mzz y éter dietílico
Temperatura
Presión Z-FC-1336mzz Éter dietílico
ºC
kPa (psia) Fracción molar Fracción molar
-50
1,24 (0,18) 0,4676 0,5324
-40
2,55 (0,37) 0,4707 0,5293
-30
4,96 (0,72) 0,4854 0,5146
-20
9,03 (1,31) 0,5085 0,4915
-10
15,65 (2,27) 0,5374 0,4626
0
25,72 (3,73) 0,5701 0,4299
10
40,61 (5,89) 0,6050 0,3950
20
61,71 (8,95) 0,6411 0,3589
30
90,80 (13,17) 0,6775 0,3225
40
129,90 (18,84) 0,7137 0,2863
50
181,00 (26,25) 0,7491 0,2509
60
246,49 (35,75) 0,7833 0,2167
70
328,95 (47,71) 0,8161 0,1839
80
431,07 (62,52) 0,8473 0,1527
90
555,65 (80,59) 0,8765 0,1235
100
705,95 (102,39) 0,9035 0,0965
110
885,22 (128,39) 0,9279 0,0721
120
1097,02 (159,11) 0,9492 0,0508
130
1345,44 (195,14) 0,9665 0,0335
140
1634,75 (237,10) 0,9781 0,0219
150
1969,76 (285,69) 0,9814 0,0186
160
2356,15 (341,73) 0,9707 0,0293
Además, también se pueden formar composiciones similares a azeótropos que contienen Z-FC-1336mzz y éter dietílico. Dichas composiciones similares a azeótropos existen alrededor de composiciones azeotrópicas. Algunas realizaciones de composiciones similares a azeótropos se indican en la tabla 2. Se indican algunas realizaciones más de composiciones similares a azeótropos en la tabla 3.
imagen4
10
46,61 (6,76) 0,4805 0,5195
20
70,05 (10,16) 0,4992 0,5008
30
102,04 (14,80) 0,5170 0,4830
40
144,51 (20,96) 0,5342 0,4658
50
199,53 (28,94) 0,5512 0,4488
60
269,31 (39,06) 0,5684 0,4316
70
356,05 (51,64) 0,5862 0,4138
80
462,29 (67,05) 0,6051 0,3949
90
590,47 (85,64) 0,6258 0,3742
100
743,05 (107,77) 0,6491 0,3509
110
922,79 (133,84) 0,6762 0,3238
120
1132,6 (164,27) 0,7087 0,2913
130
1375,78 (199,54) 0,7491 0,2509
150
1979,14 (287,05) 0,8747 0,1253
160
2355,94 (341,70) 0,9870 0,0130
Además, también se pueden formar composiciones similares a azeótropos que contienen Z-FC-1336mzz y 2cloropropano. Dichas composiciones similares a azeótropos existen alrededor de composiciones azeotrópicas. Se indican algunas realizaciones de composiciones similares a azeótropos en la tabla 5. Se indican algunas realizaciones más de composiciones similares a azeótropos en la tabla 6.
Tabla 5. Composiciones similares a azeótropos
COMPONENTES
T (ºC) Intervalo de porcentaje molar
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
-40 1-4/96-99 17-67/33-83 87-99/1-23
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
0 1-7/93-99 18-99/1-82
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
20 1-99/1-99
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
40 1-99/1-99
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
80 1-99/1-99
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
120 1-99/1-99
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
160 1-99/1-99
Tabla 6. Composiciones similares a azeótropos
COMPONENTES
T (ºC) Intervalo de porcentaje molar
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
-40 17-67/33-83 87-95/5-23
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
0 18-95/5-82
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
20 10-90/10-90
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
40 10-90/10-90
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
80 10-90/10-90
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
120 10-90/10-90
Z-FC-1336mzz/2-cloropropano
160 10-90/10-90
Se encontró mediante experimentos, que el Z-FC-1336mzz y el perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona) forman composiciones azeotrópicas o similares a azeótropos. Para determinar la volatilidad relativa de este par binario, se usó el método PTx descrito antes. Se midió la presión absoluta total en una celda PTx de volumen conocido a temperatura constante, para diferentes composiciones binarias. Estas mediciones después se redujeron a 5 composiciones de vapor y líquido en equilibrio, en la celda usando la ecuación NRTL.
La presión de vapor medida frente a las composiciones en la celda PTx para la mezcla de Z-FC1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona) se muestra en la figura 3, que ilustra de forma gráfica la formación de un azeótropo y composiciones similares a azeótropos de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y perfluoro(2-metil-3pentanona) a aproximadamente 50ºC, indicado por una mezcla de aproximadamente 82,7% en moles de Z
10 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y 17,3% en moles de perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona), que tiene la presión más alta (184 kPa (26,7 psia)) del intervalo de composiciones a esta temperatura.
Basándose en estos descubrimientos, se ha calculado que el Z-FC-1336mzz y el perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona) forman composiciones azeotrópicas en el intervalo de aproximadamente 68,9% en moles a aproximadamente 87,4% en moles de Z-FC-1336mzz y de aproximadamente 12,6% en moles a aproximadamente 31,1% en moles de
15 perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona) (que forman composiciones azeotrópicas que hierven a una temperatura de aproximadamente -50ºC a aproximadamente 140ºC y a una presión de aproximadamente 1,4 kPa (0,2 psia) a aproximadamente 1724 kPa (250 psia). Por ejemplo, a 32,6ºC y presión atmosférica (101 kPa, 14,7 psia) la composición azeotrópica es de 82,6% en moles de Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y 17,4% en moles de perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
20 Se indican algunas realizaciones de composiciones azeotrópicas en la tabla 7.
Tabla 7. Composiciones azeotrópicas: Z-FC-1336mzz y Perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
Temperatura
Presión Z-FC-1336mzz Perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
ºC
kPa (psia) Fracción molar Fracción molar
-50
1,17 (0,17) 0,8736 0,1264
-40
2,48 (0,36) 0,8595 0,1405
-30
4,83 (0,70) 0,8483 0,1517
-20
8,96 (1,30) 0,8398 0,1602
-10
15,51 (2,25) 0,8335 0,1665
0
25,72 (3,73) 0,8293 0,1707
10
40,75 (5,91) 0,8268 0,1732
20
62,26 (9,03) 0,8257 0,1743
30
91,91 (13,33) 0,8257 0,1743
40
131,69 (19,10) 0,8264 0,1736
50
183,81 (26,66) 0,8275 0,1725
60
250,62 (36,35) 0,8286 0,1714
70
334,74 (48,55) 0,8290 0,1710
80
438,99 (63,67) 0,8282 0,1718
90
566,47 (82,16) 0,8255 0,1745
100
720,71 (104,53) 0,8197 0,1803
110
905,83 (131,38) 0,8094 0,1906
120
1127,09 (163,47) 0,7919 0,2081
130
1392,47 (201,96) 0,7615 0,2385
140
1721,69 (249,71) 0,6890 0,3110
Además, también se pueden formar composiciones similares a azeótropos que contienen Z-FC-1336mzz y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona). Dichas composiciones similares a azeótropos existen alrededor de composiciones azeotrópicas. Se indican algunas realizaciones de composiciones similares a azeótropos en la tabla 8. Se indican 25 algunas realizaciones más de composiciones similares a azeótropos en la tabla 9.
5
10
15
20
25
30
Tabla 8. Composiciones similares a azeótropos
COMPONENTES
T (ºC) Intervalo de porcentaje molar
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
-40 71-99/1-29
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
0 64-99/1-36
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
20 61-99/1-39
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
40 59-99/1-41
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
80 52-99/1-48
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
120 42-99/1-58
Tabla 9. Composiciones similares a azeótropos
COMPONENTES
T (ºC) Intervalo de porcentaje molar
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
-40 71-95/5-29
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
0 64-95/5-36
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
20 61-95/5-39
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
40 59-95/5-41
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
80 52-95/5-48
Z-FC-1336mzz/perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona)
120 42-95/5-58
Las composiciones azeotrópicas o similares a azeótropos de la presente invención se pueden preparar por cualquier método conveniente que incluye la mezcla o combinación de las cantidades deseadas. En una realización de esta invención, una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo se puede preparar pesando las cantidades de los componentes deseados y después combinándolos en una recipiente adecuado.
Las composiciones azeotrópicas o similares a azeótropos de la presente invención se pueden usar en una amplia variedad de aplicaciones, incluyendo su uso como propulsores de aerosoles, disolventes refrigerantes, agentes de limpieza, agentes de soplado (agentes de expansión de espumas) para espumas termoplásticas y termoestables, medios de transferencia de calor, dieléctricos gaseosos, agentes de extinción y supresión de incendios, fluidos de trabajo de ciclos de energía, medios de polimerización, fluidos de eliminación en partículas, fluidos transportadores, agentes abrasivos de pulido, y agentes de secado de desplazamiento.
Una realización de esta invención proporciona un procedimiento para preparar una espuma termoplástica o termoestable. El procedimiento comprende usar una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo como un agente de soplado, en donde dicha composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo consiste esencialmente en Z-1,1,1,4,4,4hexafluoro-2-buteno y un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste en éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
Otra realización de esta invención proporciona un procedimiento para producir refrigeración. El procedimiento comprende condensar una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo y después evaporar dicha composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo en las proximidades del cuerpo a enfriar, en donde dicha composición azeotrópica
o similar a azeótropo consiste esencialmente en Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste en éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
Otra realización de esta invención proporciona un procedimiento que usa una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo como un disolvente, en donde dicha composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo consiste esencialmente en Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste en éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
Otra realización de esta invención proporciona un procedimiento para producir un producto en aerosol. El procedimiento comprende usar una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo como un propulsor, en donde dicha composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo consiste esencialmente en Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
Otra realización de esta invención proporciona un procedimiento que usa una composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo como medio de transferencia de calor, en donde dicha composición azeotrópica o similar a azeótropo consiste esencialmente en Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-buteno y un componente seleccionado del grupo que consiste éter dietílico, 2-cloropropano, y perfluoro(2-metil-3-pentanona).
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