JP5942677B2 - 電解液およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
電解液およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5942677B2 JP5942677B2 JP2012171512A JP2012171512A JP5942677B2 JP 5942677 B2 JP5942677 B2 JP 5942677B2 JP 2012171512 A JP2012171512 A JP 2012171512A JP 2012171512 A JP2012171512 A JP 2012171512A JP 5942677 B2 JP5942677 B2 JP 5942677B2
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- negative electrode
- secondary battery
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- lithium
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 50
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 thioester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SBWFWBJCYMBZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-Propyl thioacetate Chemical compound CCCSC(C)=O SBWFWBJCYMBZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- CARWLUDBSNWZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-phenyl ethanethioate Chemical compound CC(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CARWLUDBSNWZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- HDGICZVUXOQTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsulfanyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OSC1=CC=CC=C1 HDGICZVUXOQTPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OPRQYFAPFOGGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroethanethioic s-acid Chemical compound OC(=S)C(F)F OPRQYFAPFOGGFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004778 2,2-difluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004777 2-fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011456 LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUFVKLQESJNNAN-ZZJGABIISA-M [(1r,5s)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide Chemical group [Br-].C([C@H]1CC[C@@H](C2)[N+]1(C)C)C2OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FUFVKLQESJNNAN-ZZJGABIISA-M 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethioic S-acid Chemical class CC(S)=O DUYAAUVXQSMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- IEPFHYMMMGMRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-ethyl ethanethioate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=S IEPFHYMMMGMRNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
負極は、負極活物質が、負極結着剤により一体化された負極活物質層として集電体上に積層された構造を有する。負極活物質は、充放電に伴いリチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵、放出可能な材料である。
正極は、充放電に伴いリチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵、放出可能な正極活物質を含み、正極活物質が正極結着剤により一体化された正極活物質層として集電体上に積層された構造を有する。
電解液は、充放電時に正極負極においてリチウムの吸蔵放出を可能とするため、正極と負極を漬浸してリチウムイオンを溶解可能な非水有機溶媒に、電解質を溶解したものである。本実施形態の電解液は、電解質と、非水有機溶媒と、式(1)で表されるチオエステル化合物とを含む。
セパレーターは、正極及び負極の導通を抑制し、荷電体の透過を阻害せず、電解液に対して耐久性を有するものであれば、いずれであってもよい。具体的な材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン系微多孔膜、セルロース、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等を採用することができる。これらは、多孔質フィルム、織物、不織布等として用いることができる。
外装体としては、上記正極及び負極、セパレーター、電解液を安定して保持可能な強度を有し、これらの物質に対して電気化学的に安定で、水密性を有するものが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、ステンレス、ニッケルメッキを施した鉄、アルミニウム、シリカ、アルミナをコーティングしたラミネートフィルムを用いることができ、ラミネートフィルムに用いる樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等を用いることができる。これらは、1層又は2層以上の構造体であってもよい。
上記二次電池の形状は、上記円筒型、扁平捲回角型、積層角型、コイン型、扁平捲回ラミネート型、及び積層ラミネート型のいずれでもよい。
[リチウム二次電池の作製]
負極活物質として、ケイ素が非晶質酸化ケイ素(SiOx、0<x≦2)中に分散したケイ素系粒子表面に炭素被覆が形成されたケイ素系負極活物質を用意した。ケイ素系負極活物質の、ケイ素、非晶質酸化ケイ素、炭素の質量比は、約3:6:1であった。この負極活物質と、負極用結着剤としてのポリイミド(宇部興産株式会社製、商品名:UワニスA)を、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn−メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ15μmの銅箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行い、負極を作製した。
得られたリチウム二次電池を用いて、充放電サイクル試験を行った。試験は、55℃の恒温槽中で2.5Vから4.2Vの電圧範囲で充放電を反復して行ない、充放電サイクル250回目と、500回目の放電容量を測定した。初回の放電量に対する、250回サイクルの放電容量比、500回サイクルの放電容量比を算出し、容量維持率を得た。結果を表1に示す。
チオ酢酸Sプロピルを2質量部(電解液中の含有率:2質量%)に変更した以外は、実施例1を繰り返して、二次電池を作製し、電池特性を評価した。
式(1)のチオエステル化合物として、式(3)で表されるチオ酢酸Sエチルを用いた以外は、実施例1を繰り返して、二次電池を作製し、電池特性を評価した。
式(1)のチオエステルを用いなかったこと以外は、実施例1を繰り返して、二次電池を作製し、電池特性を評価した。
式(1)のチオエステルの代わりに下記式(4)の化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1を繰り返して、二次電池を作製し、電池特性を評価した。
式(1)のチオエステルの代わりに、下記式(5)の化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1を繰り返した。
2 負極集電体
3 負極
4 正極活物質層
5 正極集電体
6 正極
7 セパレーター
8 外装体
9 負極端子
10 正極端子
11 リチウム二次電池
Claims (8)
- 正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、電解液を有するリチウム二次電池であって、
前記電解液が、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用の非水電解液であること
を特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 前記負極に含まれる負極活物質が、リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、およびリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出しうる炭素材料(c)を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記金属(a)が、ケイ素を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記金属酸化物(b)が、ケイ素酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- リチウムと合金可能な金属(a)、リチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出し得る金属酸化物(b)、およびリチウムイオンを吸蔵、放出しうる炭素材料(c)を含み、前記金属(a)が少なくともケイ素を含む負極活物質を有する負極を備えるリチウム二次電池用の請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用の非水電解液。
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