JP6013196B2 - 多能性幹細胞から誘導した細胞を精製するための方法 - Google Patents
多能性幹細胞から誘導した細胞を精製するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2010年3月1日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/309,193号の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、多能性幹細胞を分化させる方法を目的とする。具体的には、本発明は、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させた細胞を、特有の表面マーカーを利用して性質決定する方法を提供する。本発明は、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、濃縮又は選別する方法も提供する。本発明は、本発明の方法により形成される膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団に混入する恐れのある細胞を枯渇させることで、移植後にインビボで形成される腫瘍の発生率を減少させる方法も提供する。
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、並びに
e.膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程。
「β細胞系」は、転写因子PDX−1、及び以下の転写因子、すなわち、NGN3、NKX2.2、NKX6.1、NEUROD、ISL1、HNF−3 β、MAFA、PAX4、及びPAX6のうちの少なくとも1つについて遺伝子の発現が陽性である細胞を指す。β細胞系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞としては、β細胞が挙げられる。
一実施形態では、本発明は、多能性幹細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる方法を提供し、この方法は以下の工程を含む:
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、並びに
e.膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程。
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を濃縮する工程、
e.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、並びに
f.膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程。
一実施形態では、動物に移植する前に、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団は、CD9、CD13、CD15、CD47、CD56、CD73、CD117、CD133、CD184、CD200、CD318、CD326及びSSEA4からなる群から選択されるマーカーに結合することのできる、少なくとも1種の試薬により処理される。
一実施形態では、動物に移植する前に、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、インスリン産生細胞集団へと更に分化させる。インスリン産生細胞集団を、CD47、CD56、CD57 CD98及びSSEA4からなる群から選択されるマーカーと結合することのできる少なくとも1種の試薬により処理する。
代替的実施形態では、本発明は、多能性幹細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる方法を提供し、この方法は以下の工程を含む:
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程、
b.多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
c.胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を濃縮する工程、
e.初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、並びに
f.膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程。
幹細胞から分化させた細胞の編成は、所定の分化細胞型に特徴的なマーカーの発現を判定することにより特定され得る。一部の実施形態では、分化細胞の同定及び特徴付けは、特定のマーカーの発現又は発現レベルの違い、及び1種以上のマーカーのパターンによりなされる。
多能性幹細胞の特徴付け
多能性幹細胞は、発生段階特異的胚性抗原(SSEA)3及び4のうちの1つ以上、及びTra−1〜60及びTra−1〜81と呼ばれる抗体を用いて検出可能なマーカーを発現し得る(Thomson et al.,Science 282:1145,1998)。インビトロで多能性幹細胞を分化させると、SSEA−4、Tra−1〜60、及びTra−1〜81の発現が消失し(存在する場合)、SSEA−1の発現が増大する。未分化の多能性幹細胞は、典型的には、細胞を4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、次いで製造業者(Vector Laboratories(Burlingame Calif.))によって記載されるようにVector Redを基質として現像することによって検出することができる、アルカリホスファターゼ活性を有する。未分化の多能性幹細胞は、典型的には、RT−PCRによって検出されるOct−4及びTERTも発現している。
使用可能な多能性幹細胞の種類としては、妊娠期間中の任意の時期(必ずしもではないが、通常は妊娠約10〜12週よりも前)に採取した前胚性組織(例えば胚盤胞など)、胚性組織、胎児組織などの、妊娠後に形成される組織に由来する多能性細胞の株化細胞系が含まれる。非限定的な例は、例えばヒト胚性幹細胞株H1、H7及びH9(WiCell)などのヒト胚性幹細胞又はヒト胚生殖細胞の樹立株である。更に、こうした細胞の初期の株化又は安定化の際に本開示の組成物を使用することも考えられるが、その場合は、供給源となる細胞は供給源の組織から直接採取される1次多能性細胞である。フィーダー細胞の非存在下で既に培養された多能性幹細胞集団から得られる細胞も、フィーダー細胞の存在下で既に培養された多能性幹細胞集団と同様、好適である。例えば、BG01v(BresaGen,Athens,GA)などの変異型ヒト胚幹細胞株も好適である。例えば、Takahashi et al.(Cell 131:1〜12(2007))によって開示される細胞などの成人ヒト体細胞から誘導される細胞も好適である。
一実施形態では、多能性幹細胞は、本発明の方法に従って培養するのに先立って、様々な点で多能性幹細胞を支持するフィーダー細胞又は細胞外マトリクスタンパク質の層上で培養する。例えば、多能性幹細胞を、細胞を実質的に分化させずに多能性幹細胞の増殖を支持するフィーダー細胞層上で培養する。フィーダー細胞層上での分化をともなわない多能性幹細胞の増殖は、(i)フィーダー細胞層を含んでいる培養容器を得て、(ii)別の細胞型と予め培養することによって馴化させた培地を用いることで、又は例えば無血清又は更には化学合成培地などの非馴化培地を用いることで支持される。
一実施形態では、多能性幹細胞を培地で増殖させ、次いで別の細胞型への分化を促進するような方式で処理する。例えば、本発明の方法を使用して形成される多能性幹細胞を、国際公開第2007030870号に開示されている方法に従って神経前駆細胞及び心筋細胞へと分化させることもできる。
本発明の方法を使用して形成される多能性幹細胞を、当該技術分野の任意の方法により胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させることもできる。
本発明の方法を使用して形成される多能性幹細胞は、当該技術分野の任意の方法により、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞に分化させることもできる。
本発明の方法を使用して形成される多能性幹細胞は、当該技術の任意の方法により、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させることもできる。
ウシ胎児血清の非存在下での、ヒト胚性幹細胞株H1の、膵内分泌細胞への分化
様々な継代数のヒト胚性幹細胞株H1細胞(p40〜p52)を、マトリゲル(1:30希釈)をコーティングしたディッシュで培養し、以下の複数工程プロトコルを用い膵臓系に分化させた:
a.ステージI(胚体内胚葉):ヒト胚性幹細胞を、2%のBSA(脂肪酸不含)(カタログ番号68700,Proliant,IA)、及び100ng/mLのアクチビンA(R&D Systems,MN)に加え、20ng/mLのWNT−3a(カタログ番号1324−WN−002,R&D Systems,MN)及び8ng/mLのbFGF(カタログ番号100−18B,PeproTech,NJ)を添加したRPMI培地で1日間培養した。次いで、細胞を、2%のBSA及び100ng/mLのアクチビンAに加え8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間処理した。次いで
b.ステージII(初期腸管):細胞を、RPMI+2%のBSA(脂肪酸不含)及び50ng/mLのFGF7及び0.25μMのSANT−1(#S4572,Sigma,MO)で2〜3日間処理した。次いで
c.ステージIII(前腸後部(Posterior foregut)):細胞を、1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)及び0.1% BSA(Lipid Rich)(Invitrogen,カタログ番号11021−045)、50ng/mLのFGF7、0.25μMのSANT−1、2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)(Sigma、MO)、100ng/mLのノギン(R&D Systems,MN)、及び20ng/mLのアクチビンAを添加したDMEM/高グルコースで4日間処理した;特定の変法では、ノギンを濃度2μMのAMPK阻害剤6−[4−(2−ピペリジン−1−イルエトキシ)フェニル]−3−ピリジン−4−イルピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン(Sigma,製品番号.P5499)で置き換えた。更に他の変法では、P38阻害剤(4−[4−(4−フルオロフェニル)−1−(3−フェニルプロピル)−5−ピリジン−4イル−1H−イミダゾール−2−イル]ブタ−3−イン−1−オール)(米国特許第6,521655号に開示)を2.5μMで添加した。次いで、
d.ステージIV(膵内分泌前駆体):細胞を、1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)及び0.1%のBSA(Invitrogen,Ca)、100ng/mLのノギン、1μMのALK5阻害剤(SD−208,Molecular Pharmacology 2007 72:152〜161に開示)を添加したDMEM/高グルコースで3日間処理した。次いで、
e.ステージV(膵内分泌細胞):細胞を、1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)、0.1%のBSA(Invitrogen,Ca)、1μMのALK5阻害剤II(カタログ番号616452,Calbiochem,Ca)を添加したDMEM/高グルコースで7日間処理した。次いで、
f.ステージVI(成熟膵内分泌細胞):細胞を、1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)、0.1%のBSA(Invitrogen,Ca)を添加したDMEM/高グルコースで7日間処理し、培地は1日おきに交換した。
フローサイトメトリーによる特徴付け及び濃縮した様々な膵細胞系の選別
実施例1に概説される分化プロセスの様々なステージを形成する新規細胞集団の単離及び特徴付けを促進するために、様々なステージから得た細胞の詳細な特徴付けをフローサイトメトリーにより行った。使用した抗体、及び様々な分化ステージにおける表面マーカーの発現レベルの、完全な一覧を表Iに示す。
実施例1に概説される分化プロトコルのステージIVから得た細胞集団の選別には、CD56及びCD13に対する抗体を使用した。3つの細胞集団:a)細胞集団CD56+CD13-、b)細胞集団CD56-CD13-、及びc)細胞集団CD56-CD13+を識別した。CD56+CD13-集団は、ステージIVの選別されていない細胞、又はCD56-CD13-細胞集団、又はCD56-CD13+細胞集団と比較した場合に、選別後におよそ1.3倍に濃縮され、選別された細胞は、NEUROD、NGN3、PDX1、NKX6.1、NKX2.2及びPAX−4を包含する膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーの発現に関し非常に濃縮されていた。図1のパネルa〜fを参照のこと。
実施例1に概説される分化プロトコルのステージVIから得た細胞集団の選別には、CD98に対する抗体を使用した。2つの細胞集団を識別した:a)細胞集団CD98+(Hi)、及びb)細胞集団CD98-(Lo)。細胞集団CD98+(Hi)は、選別後におよそ1.6倍に濃縮された。NEUROD、NGN3、インスリン、及びグルカゴンの発現に関しCD98+(Hi)細胞を濃縮した。図8のパネルa〜dを参照のこと。
初期腸管ステージ(ステージ2)のLif受容体陽性細胞の選別
継代数44のヒト胚性幹細胞株H1の細胞を、マトリゲルをコーティングしたプレートで培養し、以下のプロトコルを用いてインスリン産生細胞へと分化させた:
a.2%のBSA(脂肪酸不含)(カタログ番号68700,Proliant,IA)、及び100ng/mLのアクチビンA(R&D Systems,MN)に加え20ng/mLのWNT−3a(カタログ番号1324−WN−002,R&D Systems,MN)及び8ng/mLのbFGF(カタログ番号100−18B,PeproTech,NJ)を添加したRPMI培地で1日処理した後に、2%のBSA、100ng/mLのアクチビンA、8ng/mLのbFGFを添加したRPMI培地で更に2日間処理し(ステージ1)、次いで
b.RPMI+2%のBSA+50ng/mLのFGF7+0.25μMのSANT−1(#S4572,Sigma,MO)で3日間処理し(ステージ2)、次いで
c.DMEM/高グルコース+1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)+0.1%のBSA(Invitrogen,Ca)+50ng/mLのFGF7(Peprotech,NJ)+0.25μMのSANT−1+2μMのレチノイン酸(RA)(Sigma,MO)+100ng/mLのノギン(R & D Systems,MN)及び20ng/mLのアクチビンAで4日間処理し(ステージ3)、次いで
d.DMEM/高グルコース+1:200希釈したITS−X(Invitrogen,CA)+0.1% BSA(Invitrogen,Ca)+100ng/mLのノギン+1μMのALK5阻害剤(SCI0120)+で3日間処理した(ステージ4)
インビボでの腫瘍形成を低減させるためにSSEA−4+細胞を枯渇させるための磁気ビーズによる細胞選別
SSEA4抗原の発現はヒト胚性幹細胞の多能性の重要な指標であり、分化過程でこのマーカーの発現は非常に下方制御される。しかしながら、残りのSSEA−4陽性細胞も、ある程度分化させた細胞を移植させた後に観察される腫瘍及び/又は奇形腫に対して応答性である恐れがある。奇形腫の形成を低減させるにあたり、分化させた細胞集団に混入しているSSEA4+細胞を移植前に枯渇させるための方法が開発されてきた。
FACSによるSSEA4+(HI)及びSSEA4(LO)細胞の選別
分化細胞から多能性マーカー(SSEA−4+)に富む細胞をフローサイトメトリーにより枯渇させることの調査及びその確認のため、細胞を実施例1に記載のようにステージVIヘと分化させた。TrypleE Expressの細胞解離緩衝液を用い、培養物から細胞を解離させ、実施例2で記載されたように選別するにあたり細胞を調製した。SSEA−4抗体(R&D Systems,Minneapolis,MN,カタログ番号FAB1435P)を使用し、SSEA−4(+)Hi細胞群及びSSEA−4(−)Lo細胞群として識別される2つの細胞画分へと分離した。分離した細胞画分を、実施例4に記載されるようにRT−PCRにより、多能性マーカーの発現について解析した。実施例5に記載されるように、磁気ビーズを用い分離した、SSEA−4を枯渇させた画分及び濃縮させた画分も同様に、選別されたSSEA−4(+)Hi細胞では、SSEA−4(−)Lo細胞とは異なり多能性マーカーのOCT4、NANOG、SOX2及びグースコイドの発現度が非常に高かった。図13のパネルa〜dを参照のこと。
SSEA−4を枯渇させた細胞集団のインビボ移植
予備実験では、SSEA−4を枯渇させた細胞を、実施例1に概説される分化プロトコルのステージIVへと分化させ、次いでマウスの腎被膜ヘと移植し、細胞が生存し、生着するかを試験した。移植したマウスから得たデータを表VIに要約する。
フローサイトメトリーによる選別手順
成熟段階が異なる細胞を、TrypLE Express(Invitrogen# 12604,CA)で37℃で2〜3分インキュベートすることで穏やかに剥離させ、2%のBSAを含有させたBD FACS染色緩衝液(BD # 554657,CA)で2回洗浄した。染色させるため、細胞の収率に基づき、20〜50×106個の単独細胞を、2〜3mLのブロッキング緩衝液(0.5%のヒトγ−グロブリンを染色緩衝液(BD,CA)に1:4希釈させたもの)に再懸濁した。フルオロフォアを結合させた一次抗体を最終希釈率1:20で細胞に添加し、細胞を4℃で30分間インキュベートした。洗浄後、染色した細胞を2〜3mLの染色緩衝液に再懸濁した。解析及び細胞選別に先立ち、生細胞/死細胞の識別のために、50〜60μLの7AADを添加した。対照IgG抗体と一致するアイソタイプを陰性対照の染色に使用した。選別前のフルオロフォアの補償値を算出するにあたり、細胞は未染色のままにするか、あるいは、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)、フィリコエリトリン(PE)又はアロフィコシアニン(APC)、核染料7−アミノアクチノマイシン(Aminoactinomucin)D(7−AAD)のうちのいずれかのフルオロフォアで染色するかした。
Claims (4)
- 哺乳動物においてインスリン産生細胞の生成効率を増加させる方法に使用するための膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している濃縮された細胞集団であって、前記膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している濃縮された細胞集団は、
a.多能性幹細胞集団を培養する工程、
b.前記多能性幹細胞集団を、胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
c.前記胚体内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞へと分化させる工程、
d.前記初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
e.前記膵内胚葉系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団へと分化させる工程、
f.下記の細胞集団:
(i.) CD56陽性でCD13陰性である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、
(ii.) CD133陰性である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、
(iii.) CD49c LO である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、
(iv.) CD56陽性でCD15 lo である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、
(v.) CD56及びCD57が双方とも陽性である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、
(vi.) CD184陽性である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団、又は
(vii.) SSEA−4陰性である膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団
の一つ以上を単離し、これにより濃縮された細胞集団を生成することにより膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を濃縮する工程、並びに
g.前記膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞を、哺乳動物に少なくともある程度の量移植し、前記哺乳動物においてインスリン産生細胞を形成させる工程
を含む方法によって得られるものである、濃縮された細胞集団。 - 前記初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団が濃縮されている、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記初期腸管に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団が、前記初期腸管系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、Lif受容体に結合することのできる試薬と接触させることで濃縮される、請求項2に記載の細胞集団。
- 前記膵内分泌系に特徴的なマーカーを発現している細胞集団を、CD9、CD13、CD15、CD47、CD56、CD73、CD117、CD133、CD184、CD200、CD318、CD326及びSSEA4からなる群から選択されるマーカーと結合することのできる少なくとも1種の試薬と接触させる、請求項1に記載の細胞集団。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017012159A (ja) * | 2010-03-01 | 2017-01-19 | ヤンセン バイオテツク,インコーポレーテツド | 多能性幹細胞から誘導した細胞を精製するための方法 |
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