JPH02189393A - Water-base functional fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

A functional fluid composition for use as a hydraulic fluid, lubricant, cutting fluid or drilling fluid which comprises (a) from 20 to 98% by weight water (b) from 0 to 80% by weight of a glycol, and (c) from 0.5 to 25% by weight of a thickening agent prepared by (a) reacting one mole of a monofunctional active-hydrogen-containing compound having at least 10 carbon atoms with between 20 and 400 moles of one or more alkylene oxides and (b) thereafter reacting the product of step (a) with a diepoxide in an amount such that the molar ratio of diepoxide to hydroxyl groups in the product of step (a) is between 0.2:1 and 5:1. The fluid may further comprise functional components for preventing wear and corrosion and also 0.5 to 15% by weight of a non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric surfactant. i

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to water-based functional fluids that can be used, for example, as hydraulic fluids, lubricants, drilling or cutting fluids.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Functional fluids based on mixtures of water and polyether glycols are well known and used in a wide range of applications, such as cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids, etc.

A typical formulation for water-based hydraulic fluids (known as HF-C fluids) consists of approximately 15-30% polyether glycol and 35-45% water, with the balance (50% ) are simple glycols and small amounts of additives known to those skilled in the art. Typically, these hydraulic fluids have a temperature of 32°C at 40°C.
It has a viscosity of ~68 cSt.

However, there is an emerging trend to reduce the polyether glycol content of this type of functional fluid.
%, and if possible less.

There is also a trend to produce what are referred to as highly aqueous base fluids (11ΔBFs), typically containing 50-98% water, by additionally removing some or all of the glycols.

When attempting to reduce the polyether glycol content of the hydraulic fluid, the problem arises that the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid decreases.

This occurs because standard polyether glycol fluids do not have sufficient thickening power; simply increasing the viscosity of the polymer cannot have the desired effect; an increase in solution viscosity This is because when the limit is reached, the polymer becomes unstable under high shear forces.

For example, No. 134767555 and No. 034288
No. 639, the required viscosity of this type of hydraulic fluid was achieved by incorporating a small amount of a substance that (a) is hydratable and (b) increases the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid by intermolecular interactions in solution. It is proposed to achieve. This kind of substance is
Known as an interactive thickener.

Hydraulic fluids previously described as high water base fluids (HW8FS), usually incorporating simple glycols or just small amounts of cryoprotectants, have a number of drawbacks when compared to +1Fc water glycol fluids. i) HWBFs normally exhibit "permanent shear stability", i.e. the viscosity of the liquid remains stable over long periods of operation, whereas they exhibiting a temporary loss of viscosity as evidenced by loss of flow rate and pump efficiency in a pressure system;
In other words, they do not have "temporal shear stability".

1i) - Under conditions such as temporal viscosity deficit, the hydrodynamic lubricity of the liquid is also affected.

Lubrication is maintained only by additives that provide interfacial lubrication (EP additives), although these types of additives are highly developed, wear can be enhanced by these conditions. Furthermore, the best of these additives are often toxic, hydrolytically unstable and undesirable for the environment.

1ii) The viscosity coefficient of this type of liquid is often poor, which presents problems with pump start-up.

iV) IIWBF's are affected by water deficit;
It has a dramatic and undesirable effect on the viscosity of the liquid.

No. 133538033 is a fabric print emulsion,
A group of polyether derivatives of diepoxides that can be used as thickeners in cosmetic emulsions, aqueous pigment suspensions, etc. is disclosed.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, the problem to be solved is to produce a functional liquid suitable for the above-mentioned uses.

It has good permanent and temporary shear stability, contains a low concentration of interactive thickeners, has good resistance to water loss on viscosity changes, and has a good apparent viscosity coefficient. to maintain hydrodynamic lubrication under high shear conditions.

[Means for Solving the Problems] According to the present invention, there is provided a functional fluid composition for use as a hydraulic fluid, lubricating fluid, cutting fluid or drilling fluid, comprising: (a) 20-98% by weight of water; b) 0-80% by weight of glycol, and (C) 0
．． 5 to 25% thickener [(a) relative reaction of 1 mole of monofunctional active hydrogen-containing compound having at least 10 carbon atoms with 20 to 400 moles of one or more alkylene oxides; (b) ) then the product of step (a) and diepoxide (in an amount such that the molar ratio of diepoxide to hydroxyl groups of the product of step (a) is from 0.2:1 to 5:1);
[prepared by reacting] A functional liquid composition is provided.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by using thickeners of the type described in U33538033 for the above-mentioned applications, together with the formulation techniques detailed below.

First, regarding the water component of the composition, this should be 36 to 95%.
of functional liquid, most preferably 45-80% functional liquid.

As for glycols, this in principle refers to those that are miscible in water and include monoethylene glycol and monopropylene glycol and their low molecular weight oligomers (i.e. with up to 6 ethylene and/or propylene glycol units). It can be any glycol. Preferably the glycol is selected from monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. Preferably, the functional fluid consists of 20-60% glycol.

The first step in preparing the thickener involves reacting a monofunctional active hydrogen-containing compound with one or more alkylene oxides. The term "active hydrogen-containing compound" means
Zelewitinoff 7 means a substance containing hydrogen that can be measured by the Zcrewitinoff active hydrogen test.

Compounds of this type include alcohols, phenols, thiols, fatty acids and amines. Suitable compounds are -hydric alcohols or thiols with CI6 to C2°, C
I6-C20 alkylphenols and CI6-C2
It is an aliphatic amine.

Active hydrogen-containing compounds are alkoxylated with one or more alkylene oxides using bases or Lewis acids as catalysts.

Typically, the alkylene oxide will be one or more isomers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide.

Suitably, 20 to 400 moles of alkylene oxide are added to the active hydrogen-containing compound [20 to 100 mole% (most preferably 65 to 85 mole%) of which is ethylene oxide;
80% (most preferably 15-35%) of propylene and/or butylene oxide].

In the second stage of production, the product of the first stage is reacted with diepoxide. Diepoxides can in principle be any organic compounds having two epoxide groups. Suitable diepoxides have from 4 to 30 carbon atoms and include vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin condensate, and the like. It is preferred to use the diepoxide in an amount such that the molar ratio of epoxide groups to hydroxyl groups (in the product of stage 1) ranges from 0.2:1 to 5:1. Similarly, the second step of the process can be catalyzed by a base or a Lewis acid.

Preferably, the thickener comprises 2 to 10% by weight of the functional fluid composition. It is also preferred that the thickener itself should have a net viscosity of more than 4000 C8t at 40°C.

For anti-reactive components, these are typically organic sulfur, phosphorus or boron derivatives, or metal or amine salts of carboxylic acids, typically these include C1
-C2□ carboxylic acids, aliphatic or aromatic, sulfuric acids such as aromatic sulfonic acids, phosphoric acids, such as acidic phosphate esters, and analog sulfur compounds such as thiophosphoric acid and dithiophosphoric acid. Many more anti-wear agents known to those skilled in the art are suitable.

Metal corrosion inhibitors can be organic or inorganic, such as metal nitoxides, hydroxyamines, neutralized fatty acid carboxylates, phosphates, sarcosines, and succinimides. Most useful are amines such as alkanolamines, such as ethanolamine, jetanolamine and triethanolamine. Non-ferrous metal inhibitors include, for example, aromatic triazoles.

It is preferred to include 0.5-15% of a surfactant as a co-thickening agent in the formulation, which may be non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric. i! Examples of useful surfactants include linear alcohol alkoxylates,
Nonylphenol ethoxylate-1, fatty acid soap,
Amine oxides and the like are included. The most preferred is the linear second
Alcohol alkoxylates, such as those commercially available from BP Chemicals under the trademark Softanol. The surfactant behaves synergistically with the interactive thickener to achieve a given viscosity with a relatively low total thickener content of the formulation compared to the use of the interactive thickener alone.

In addition to the above ingredients, the functional fluid composition may also contain optional ingredients such as overpressure additives, antifoam agents, antimicrobial agents, etc. known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, a known thickener and co-thickener may be added as desired.

The functional fluid of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the four main components and any additional materials required in a suitably sized container.

It has been found that in preferred embodiments of the invention, formulations containing 20% or more glycol, -temporal shear stability is imparted to the liquid. This enhances the ability of the liquid to provide hydrodynamic lubrication under high shear conditions. The presence of 20% or more glycol and surfactant co-thickening also improves the apparent viscosity coefficient of the liquid when compared to liquids containing no glycol or surfactant.

In embodiments of the invention that contain less than 20% glycol - temporal shear issues are still addressed, but the invention has a high polymer internal viscosity (e.g. greater than 20.000 cSt at 40°C). By using interactive thickeners.

In high shear environments, the thickening achieved by interaction is lost when the liquid is temporarily sheared. However, the viscosity of the liquid is maintained at an intermediate level, typically at a level of 10-20 cSt at 50<0>C, due to the normal thickening of high viscosity polymers. This limits pump efficiency losses and ensures maintenance of hydrodynamic lubrication. This approach also enhances the properties of the liquid in terms of viscosity change and viscosity coefficient upon water deficit.

[Operation and Effect] The functional fluid composition of the present invention can be used for piston, gear or vane hydraulic pumps, motors, and general hydraulic systems, such as hydraulic rams,
It is particularly useful as a hydraulic fluid for robots, etc.

[Example] The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples.

A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was catalyzed with potassium hydroxide (0.3% by weight relative to the target alkoxylate), dried and
Reaction with a 70/30 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide at 25° C. gives an alkoxylate with an experimentally determined molecular weight of 6000 (by hydroxyl measurement).

The unneutralized alkoxylate soo g was heated at 130°C.
and 15.9 g of bisphenol A/shrimp chlorohydrin condensate (Epicote 828 - e.g. Shell) for 3 hours. Residual catalyst was removed by treatment with magnesium silicate, yielding an interactive thickener with a net viscosity of 5000 cSt at 40°C. The 10% aqueous viscosity was determined to be 193 cSt at 40°C.

500 g of the unneutralized alkoxylate from Takumiyu Example 1 was reacted with 31.8 g of bisphenol A/shrimp chlorohydrin concentrate at 130°C for 3 hours, the catalyst was removed by magnesium silicate treatment, and the reaction was carried out at 40°C. So 17,30
An interactive thickener with a net viscosity of 0 cSt was obtained.

The 10% aqueous solution viscosity was measured to be 2100 cSt at 40°C.

Example 3 A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was reacted with an 80/20 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the manner described in Example 1 to produce an alkoxylate with a molecular weight of 6000.

300 g of the unneutralized polyalkylene glycol was added to 1
4.0 g of vinylcyclohexene diepoxide and 140
The reaction was carried out at ~150°C for 3 hours. The resulting interactive thickener has a net viscosity of 4.900 cSt at 40'C and a 10% aqueous solution viscosity of 1427 cSt at 40'C.
Met.

A commercial sample of oleyl/cetyl alcohol (85/15) was reacted with a 75/25 mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the manner described in Example 1 to produce an intermediate having a molecular weight of 2950. , and then further reacted with ethylene oxide to produce an alkoxylate with a molecular weight of 3100.

2000 g of the unneutralized polyalkylene glycol,
10% of 1742 cSt
Obtain an interactive thickener with an aqueous viscosity.

Examples 5 to 8 Dodecane-1-ol, tetradecane-1-ol, hexadecan-1-ol and octadecane-1-ol were prepared in 80% ethylene oxide/propylene oxide solution.
Reacted under base catalysis using 20 formulations, 6000
An alkoxylate with a molecular weight of . 200
g of each alkoxylate were reacted with 9.4 g of vinylcyclohexane diepoxide in the manner described for Example 3 to yield four interactive thickeners. This product was used to perform a comparison of solution viscosity versus hydrophobic chain length.

Example Comparison 56 Product Preox C-12C
-1475W18000° viscosity, net, 18,000 2
2,400 10,400cSt 40 Viscosity 10% 5
117 461cSt 40 Example 78 Product C-16C-18 Viscosity, net, 27,400 21.400
cSt 40 Viscosity 10% 4,680 34.000
cst 40 °C The thickener (8%) from Standard Polyglycol Thickener Example 1 containing water (36%), diethylene glycol (50%), fatty acids as well as morpholine was heated to 4 (3 cSt) at 40 °C. Formulated as a hydraulic fluid.

This is 40k (] for 11 hours 4 ball test four bal
l test) (IP239), 0,56
Wear marks of In were obtained. The results were similar to a similarly formulated hydraulic fluid using 15% conventional polyglycol thickener.

A Kurz-Opan shear stability tester (I
P294) without suffering any permanent loss of solution viscosity.

The thickener of Takudan Example 4 was formulated at a level of 8% into a hydraulic fluid containing 30% diethylene glycol and 58% water (the balance being packaged with anti-wear and anti-corrosion agents). did.

The hydraulic fluid was circulated in a 7 kW Vickers PFB-5 axis piston pump at 50° C. and 170 bar for 24 hours. Although flow rate can be directly correlated to fluid viscosity,
This was monitored to indicate the viscosity of Bone 1 in the high shear region. The hydraulic fluid was compared to a similar hydraulic fluid containing only 10% diethylene glycol and 80% water, and in addition, a commercially available low viscosity interactive thickener, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate capped with an olefin epoxide. Comparison was made with a hydraulic fluid based on diethylene glycol that does not contain diethylene glycol.

Absolute viscosity cP in shear zone, 47°C Apparent viscosity cP Example 10 38 31 10% DGE liquid 2712 i! i [Low viscosity change 1llth21
3.4 Liquid made from thickener Pump flow% retention viscosity under high shear J/m Example 1081% 14.6 10% DGE liquid 44% 14.11 Low viscosity Interaction 16% 12.46 increase It is derived from sticky agents.

Thickener of Example 1 (6,2%) and linear secondary C-12/
5 mole ethoxylate of 14 alcohol (1,55%) (Softanol 50 - e.g. BP Chemicals) is combined with diethylene glycol (40%) and water (50%), the remainder being a functional anti-wear agent, anti-corrosion agent. and antifoaming agent <2
．． 25%) and 45.5C8t at 40℃
The zero-order data of the hydraulic fluid obtained was measured.

4 ball marks, ll11 (1 hour, 40! II, 1P239
): 0.61 shear stability (ll294), %
Viscosity Change Knee 7 Master ■ 5 molar ethoxylate of the interactive thickener of Example 3 (3,6%) and linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (0,9%), diethylene glycol (20%) ) and water (73.4%), and the remainder was used as an additive (2%) to obtain a hydraulic fluid of 49.3C8t at 40°C. Zero-order data was measured.

4 ball marks, +111 (1 hour, 40kQ, ll239
): 0.62 shear stability<ll294), %
Viscosity change: +5 Interactive thickener of Takudan Example 3 (5,4%) and 12 mole ethoxylate of linear secondary C-12/14 alcohol (
3,6%) (Softanol 120 - e.g. BP Chemicals) in diethylene glycol (39%) and water (5%).
0%), with the remainder consisting of anti-wear agents, anti-corrosion agents, and antifoam additives (2%), and at 40°C
The sixth data obtained from C3t hydraulic fluid was measured.

4 pitches, In (1 hour, 40ko, ll239)
: 0.61 shear stability (ll294), % viscosity change: +2.9 Thickener of Takudan Example 2 (5.0%) and linear secondary C12/
12 mole ethoxylate of 14 alcohol (1,25%
), diethylene glycol (20%) and water (70%)
%), with the remainder consisting of an anti-wear agent, an anti-corrosion agent, and an antifoaming agent (3.75%).
The 6th order data of St's hydraulic fluid was measured.

4 ball marks, lfl (1 hour, 40kg, ll239)
Two ISO68 fluids were prepared from the thickener of Example 3 to demonstrate the effect of diethylene glycol on the apparent viscosity coefficient. Liquid 1 contained 6.0% thickener, 30% diethylene glycol and 64% water. Liquid 2 contained 5.0% thickener and 95% water. The combined effect of the presence of diethylene glycol in Part 1 and any increased thickener requirement resulted in a significantly lower viscosity at 20°C than that observed in Part 2, with the apparent The viscosity coefficient was shown to be higher than that of liquid 2.

Viscosity, 40℃, cSt Viscosity, 20℃, CSt liquid 1
72.5 585 liquid 2 71
．． 5 985 Takudan Co-thickening agent for apparent viscosity coefficient (CO-tll 1c
In order to demonstrate the effect of
Two solutions were prepared at 550 cSt at 0°C.

Part 1 is 6.0% thickener of Example 2, 4.0% C-12
/14Ii secondary alcohol, 10% diethylene glycol and 80% water. Solution 2 contained 10.0% of the thickener of Example 2, 10% diethylene glycol and 80% water. The presence of surfactant in Part 1 and reduced thickener requirement results in Part 2
A liquid with a significantly lower viscosity at 20°C than that observed for Liquid 1 was obtained, and the brushing viscosity of Liquid 1 was shown to be higher than that of Liquid 2.

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) A functional fluid composition for use as a hydraulic, lubricating, cutting or drilling fluid, comprising (a) 20-98% water, (b) 0-80% glycol, and ( c) 0.
5 to 25% by weight of a thickener [(a) relative reaction of 1 mole of a monofunctional active hydrogen-containing compound having at least 10 carbon atoms with 20 to 400 moles of one or more alkylene oxides; b) then the product of step (a) and the diepoxide (the molar ratio of diepoxide to hydroxyl groups of the product of step (a) is from 0.2:1 to 5:1)
A functional liquid composition characterized in that it is prepared by reacting a certain amount of (2) The functional liquid composition according to claim 1, further comprising a functional component that prevents wear and corrosion. (3) The functional liquid composition according to claim 1, comprising 35 to 95% by weight of water. (4) Claim 1 consisting of 20 to 60% by weight of glycol.
The functional liquid composition described. (5) The functional fluid composition according to claim 1, comprising 2 to 10% by weight of a thickener. (6) 0.5 to 15% by weight of nonionic, cationic,
The functional liquid according to claim 1 or 4, further comprising an anionic or amphoteric surfactant. (7) 0-20% by weight of glycol and 20% by weight at 40°C.
and 0.5 to 25% by weight of a thickening agent having a net viscosity greater than 0.000 cSt. (8) The method for producing a functional fluid according to claim 1, which comprises mixing necessary amounts of water, glycol, and a thickener. (9) The method according to claim 8, wherein a functional ingredient for preventing wear and corrosion is added during mixing.