JPH03174590A - electronic musical instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize not only an electronic musical instrument with power of expression like that of an acoustic piano, but to obtain fertile musical characteristic surpassing that of the piano by generating a musical tone signal corresponding to a played key, and generating the musical tone signal corresponding to the resonance effect of a part other than the played key. CONSTITUTION:A system control circuit 4 consists of a key depression/ separation information detection circuit 14, a pedal information detection circuit 15, a direct tone information generation circuit 16, a resonance tone information generation circuit 17, and a sound source control circuit 18. Then, another musical tone component equivalent to the resonance effect other than the musical tone component corresponding to a musical interval directly played with the key 1 is also generated. Therefore, a musical tone with complicated composition as a whole can be generated, and simultaneously, delicate difference equivalent to the pedal effect of the piano can be also displayed. In such a way, it is possible not only to realize the electronic musical instrument with the power of expression as that of the acoustic piano, but to inexpensively form the electronic musical instrument having various possibility surpassing that of the piano.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that produces indirect sounds as well as direct sounds. Complex musical tones and delicate sounds, such as an acoustic piano, where the overall acoustics are determined by resonances other than the direct sound, such as the many string resonances and noise impulses and reverberations, and the contact between the strings and the hammer. About electronic musical instruments with nuances.

[Prior Art and Problems] Conventionally, electronic musical instruments have been realized that have a plurality of sound source circuits using various methods such as a subtraction method, a sine synthesis method, and a PCM recording method. This is so that when a pitch to be sounded is specified by a keyboard operation, each sound source circuit generates a musical tone signal corresponding to this pitch. In particular, in order to improve efficiency, many methods have been proposed in which the number of tone generator circuits is smaller than the number of keyboards, and the allocation of sound to these tone generator circuits is managed.

When such electronic musical instruments generate the musical sounds of a single musical instrument such as a percussion instrument or a wind instrument, music data that is digitally sampled from natural musical instrument sounds is stored in the memory area, and this data is processed according to the pitch. Many musical instruments that faithfully imitate the original sound have been created by using a sampling sound source method that reads out the sound at high speed.

However, despite these advances in electronic musical instruments, especially in the case of acoustic piano sounds, performance forms that involve the simultaneous playing of multiple keys and the use of pedals, which are similar to actual musical performances, cannot reproduce the sounds of an actual piano. Far from rich and complex acoustics, it can only produce flat overlapping midtones,
As an instrument for musical expression, it was extremely poor.

One reason for this is that in the case of an acoustic piano, not only the strings corresponding to each key vibrate when each key is pressed, but also the strings that are not pressed resonate in a complex manner through the bridge and soundboard. It is from. Another reason is that the state of contact between the string and the felt at the tip of the hammer can be subtly changed by operating the damper pedal, soft pedal, etc. Another problem is not only the rigid body vibration of the strings, but also the noise-like impact sound at the moment the string is struck, which resonates as reverberation on the soundboard and other strings, and this acts as a unique characteristic of the sound of the instrument. It is from. Piano music composers and piano players work on music by making full use of the piano's subtle expressive power, whereas conventional electronic instruments do not take this aspect into consideration when creating piano tones. The gap between them was very large.

On the other hand, in terms of improving the expressiveness of sampling-based electronic musical instruments, the memory elements that store sampled musical sound data have increased in capacity and become cheaper ("switching between multiple pieces of musical sound data corresponding to the F-range"). Electronic musical instruments have been proposed that switch between multiple musical sound data corresponding to the touch of a performance.For example, for a certain tone, the range is divided into 16 and the touch range is divided into 8, and musical sound data corresponding to each combination has been proposed. If you sample and memorize separately,
The expressive power of flat sampling electronic musical instruments is greatly improved. In this case, a memory capacity 128 times larger than that of a single timbre that does not change depending on the range or touch is required, but this improvement in expressiveness is commensurate with the increase in scale and complexity that accompanies the increase in memory.

Therefore, as an extension of this method, a method may be considered in which a plurality of pieces of musical tone data are prepared and stored in separate table memories for each of the various resonance states of the acoustic piano described above. However, just the combination of pressing the keyboard with two fingers on the other hand when pressing a certain key is 10.
There are over 00 different combinations, and just by pressing the keys of a piano with human fingers, the number of combinations can be multiplied by this number. Furthermore, the contact state with the hammer depending on the depth of depression of the damper pedal and the change of the hammer position depending on the depth of depression of the soft pedal are each approximated in about 10 steps, and the change depending on the speed of key depression is about 100 steps. If we approximate the change in overtone absorption due to the hammer opening speed when releasing the key and the keyboard holding in about 10 steps, then about 1 billion times the musical tone data of one tone in a single state is required. Although this is a method that can express sufficient musical nuances, it is practically difficult to realize in terms of the required memory capacity.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and it has been made in view of the above-mentioned points. It generates a complex musical tone as a whole that is accompanied by the generation of musical tones at other pitches, and at the same time reflects the subtle nuances equivalent to the pedal effect of a piano, making it an acoustic piano. The goal is not only to realize an electronic musical instrument with such expressive power as, but also to provide an electronic musical instrument rich in musicality with a variety of possibilities that go beyond that of the piano.

[Means for Solving the Problems J] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a key press/release information detection circuit, a pedal information detection circuit, a direct sound information generation circuit, and a resonance sound information generation circuit. , which is composed of a plurality of sound source circuits and a sound source control circuit, generates a musical tone signal corresponding to the played key, and also generates a musical tone signal corresponding to the effect of resonance of a part other than the played key. It is designed to occur.

[Function] As a result, not only the direct sound according to the instruction to emit a musical tone, but also the resonance sound of a part corresponding to a key other than the instruction to emit the sound can be emitted, and the difference between the direct sound and the resonance sound can be emitted. This synergistic effect allows for more delicate musical expression.

[Example] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, in which 1 is a keyboard, 2 is a pedal, 3 is an external communication circuit, 4 is a system control circuit, 5 is a sound source circuit, and 6 is a It's a sound system.

That is, in FIG. 1, the operation of the entire musical instrument is controlled by a system control circuit 4. In FIG. The system control circuit 4 executes predetermined processing operations as an electronic musical instrument based on keyboard performance information from the keyboard 1, pedal performance information from the pedal 2, and performance information from the external communication circuit 3. Here, the performance information on the keyboard l includes the key presses and
Information on the timing of key release state changes, information on the speed or acceleration of individual pitches when the key is pressed, or the pressure after the key is pressed, information on the velocity or acceleration of each pitch when the key is released, or whether there is a slight depression. There is information about the retention status, etc.

In addition, the performance information by Pedal 2 includes timing information on the change in state of pressing down and lifting up each pedal for multiple pedals such as damper pedals, soft pedals, sostenuto pedals, etc. There is information about the speed or acceleration or pressure after pressing down, the speed or acceleration of each pedal when it is pulled up, and information about the holding state with a slight depression remaining.

Taking the MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface) standard as an example, the performance information provided by the external communication circuit 3 includes timing information on the state change of the start and stop of each pitch, pitch change information, key press speed information, or There is pressure information when a key is pressed, speed information when a key is released, or turn-off information for each pedal. Furthermore, as a unique communication standard, information corresponding to the breathing of a wind instrument, information corresponding to the bowing of a bowed string instrument, information related to muting of a plucked string instrument, information related to the surrounding reverberation state, etc. are stipulated and transmitted. Ru.

When generating musical tones, the system control circuit 4 supplies the sound source circuit 5 with predetermined ON/OFF information, pitch information, tone color information, etc. corresponding to the performance state. The musical sound signal generated by the sound source circuit 5 is converted into sound by a sound system 6 including an amplifier and a speaker, and is generated as a musical instrument sound. Here, the sound source circuit 5 is a musical tone signal generation circuit that digitally executes time-division calculations.
Sound source methods such as sine synthesis method and sampling method are adopted. In particular, the sound source circuit of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention uses a plurality of sound source channels to generate a musical tone signal of one note, so the sound source circuit is a sound source circuit that has more than twice the number of channels as the number of simultaneous sounds. This is desirable. For example, if the simultaneous polyphony is 10, the number of channels is 20.3.
0... is better.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of one embodiment corresponding to the system control circuit 4 in the conceptual configuration diagram shown in FIG. Here 11
12 is a keyboard state detection circuit, 12 is a pedal state detection circuit, and 13 is a keyboard state detection circuit.
1 is an external communication control circuit; 14 is a key press/release information detection circuit;
5 is a pedal information detection circuit, 16 is a direct sound information generation circuit,
17 is a resonance information generation circuit, and 18 is a sound source control circuit.

That is, in the example of FIG. 2, the keyboard state detection circuit 1
1 supplies a control signal for obtaining information about the keyboard 1, detects information related to the state of the keyboard, and supplies the information to the key press/release information detection circuit 14. The pedal state detection circuit 12
A control signal for obtaining information on the pedal is supplied, information related to the pedal state is detected, and the information is supplied to the pedal information detection circuit 15. The external communication control circuit 13 detects information related to the keyboard state from the external communication circuit 3, and detects information related to the keyboard state from the external communication circuit 3.
4, and also detects information related to the pedal status from the external communication circuit 3 and supplies it to the pedal information detection circuit 15.

The key press/release information detection circuit 14 integrates the information regarding the keyboard state from the keyboard state detection circuit 11 and the external communication control circuit 13 to obtain key press/release information.

The pedal information detection circuit 15 integrates the information regarding the pedal state from the pedal state detection circuit 12 and the external communication control circuit 13 to obtain pedal information. Direct sound information generation circuit 1
6 uses the output signal from the key press/release information detection circuit 14 and the output signal from the pedal information detection circuit 15 as human power,
Sound source control information relating to direct sound is generated by a predetermined operation to be described later, and is supplied to the sound source control circuit 18. The resonance information generation circuit 17 receives the output signal from the key press/release information detection circuit 14 and the output signal from the pedal information detection circuit 15, and generates sound source control information regarding the resonance sound by a predetermined operation described below. The signal is supplied to the sound source control circuit 18.

The sound source control circuit 18 controls the assignment of sound generation channels to the sound source circuit 5 in response to the output signals from the direct sound information generation circuit 16 and the resonance sound information generation circuit 17, and also controls the allocation of sound generation channels to the sound source circuit 5, and also controls the output signals from the direct sound information generation circuit 16 and the resonance sound information generation circuit 17. As musical sound parameters, settings such as 0N10FF information, pitch, timbre, envelope, etc. are performed. In addition, if a performance situation occurs that exceeds the number of sound generation channels of the sound source circuit 5, by supplying a predetermined signal to the external communication circuit 13 as necessary, the overflow sound information can be realized by external expansion. let

Here, an example of the specific configuration and operation of the keyboard state detection circuit 11 will be described. It is a circuit that sequentially scans and detects switches provided for every six keys of the keyboard 1, or operates by a scanning detection program. The CPU circuit can obtain pitch information indicating which keyboard was played and key press/release timing information. In addition, a set of two switches are provided for each of the six keys on keyboard 1, which are turned on and off at different times at the beginning and end of the keyboard's depression.
Information on the pressing speed and key releasing speed at which each keyboard is played can be obtained by a circuit that sequentially scans this and detects the time difference, or by a CPU circuit that operates according to a scanning/time difference detection program. In addition, a set of three switches are provided for each of the six keys of keyboard 1, which are turned on and off at different times at the beginning, middle, and end of the depression of the keyboard, and a circuit that sequentially scans these switches and detects the time difference. , or detecting a first speed from the first contact to the second contact and a second speed from the second contact to the third contact by a CPU circuit operated by a scanning/time difference detection program, From the rate of change, key press acceleration information and key release acceleration information for each keyboard played can be obtained. In addition, each of the six keys on the keyboard 1 is equipped with a sensor such as a load cell or strain gauge that outputs an analog value corresponding to the degree of depression of the keyboard, and this is sequentially scanned.
A circuit that performs D conversion and detects the amount of retention by sinking,
Alternatively, the CPU circuit operated by the scanning/A/D conversion detection program can obtain the key depression information held by playing each key. In addition, each of the six keys on keyboard 1 is equipped with a sensor such as a pressure-sensitive rubber or piezoelectric element that outputs an analog value according to the pressure applied from the depressed position of the keyboard.
A/D conversion circuit that detects the pressure, or a CP that operates by a scanning/A/D conversion detection program.
With the U circuit, information on the pressure of each key played and depressed can be obtained. All of this keyboard state information can be periodically detected and supplied to the press 8M key information detection circuit 14, but only the parts that have changed from the previous detection state are detected as key release information. By supplying the signal to the circuit 14, the overall processing efficiency can be improved. There is also an information supply form in which the keyboard state information is stored in a predetermined memory, and the key press/release information detection circuit 14 calls out the necessary information from this memory when necessary.

Next, an example of the specific configuration and operation of the pedal state detection circuit 12 will be explained. It operates by a circuit that sequentially scans and detects the switches provided on each of the pedals 2, or by a scan detection program. By the CPU circuit,
Information on which pedal was played and the timing of depression and release can be obtained. In addition, each pedal 2 is provided with a set of two switches that are turned on and off with a time difference between the beginning and the end of the pedal depression, and a circuit that sequentially scans these switches and detects the difference in brightness, or a scanning/scanning switch is installed. A CPU circuit operated by a time difference detection program can obtain depression speed information and release speed information of each pedal. In addition, each pedal 2 is provided with a set of three switches that are turned on and off by opening the lid at the beginning, middle, and end of the depression of the pedal, and a circuit that sequentially scans these switches and detects the time difference. , or a CPU circuit operated by a scanning/time difference detection program, determines the first speed from the first contact to the second contact and the third speed from the second contact.
It is possible to detect the second speed up to the contact point, and obtain depression acceleration information and release acceleration information of each pedal from the rate of change. In addition, each of the pedals 2 is equipped with a sensor such as a load cell or strain gauge that outputs an analog value corresponding to the degree of depression of the pedal, and this is sequentially scanned and A/D converted to detect the amount of depression retained. The depression/holding information of each pedal can be obtained by a circuit such as the above, or a CPU circuit operated by a scanning/A/D conversion detection program. In addition, each of the pedals 2 is equipped with a sensor such as a pressure-sensitive rubber or piezoelectric element that outputs an analog value according to the pressure pushed further from the depressed position of the pedal, and A/D conversion is performed while scanning this sequentially. By using a circuit that detects the pressure of each pedal, or a CPU circuit that operates according to a scan/A/D conversion detection program, information on the depression pressure of each pedal can be obtained as an expression element that goes beyond an actual piano. All of this pedal status information can be periodically detected and supplied to the pedal information detection circuit 15, but only the parts that have changed from the previous detection status are sent to the pedal information detection circuit 1.
5, the overall processing efficiency can be improved. Further, there is also an information supply form in which the pedal status information is stored in a predetermined memory, and the pedal information detection circuit 15 reads the necessary information from this memory when necessary.

Next, an example of the specific configuration and operation of the external communication control circuit 13 will be explained. Performance information is received by a serial communication port of the MIDI standard, and information corresponding to the keyboard performance is inputted from the performance information. - Extracts information such as key press speed, key release speed, key press pressure, key release pressure, etc., and supplies it to the key press/release information detection circuit 14. Furthermore, on/off information for each pedal is extracted from the MIDI performance information as information corresponding to the performance of the pedals, and is supplied to the pedal information detection circuit 15. Another example other than MIDI is a serial communication format using optical fiber that is faster than MIDI. , is supplied to the key press/release information detection circuit 14. In addition, the pedal information detection circuit 15 extracts information corresponding to the performance of the pedals, such as the depression speed, release speed, depression acceleration, release acceleration, depression retention amount, and depression pressure of each pedal.
supply to.

Next, an example of the specific configuration and operation of the key press/release information detection circuit 14 will be described. It can be configured by a CPU circuit that operates according to a program that performs the following processing.

Here, a first table memory that stores keyboard performance information from the keyboard state detection circuit 11 and an external communication control circuit 1 are provided.
3 and a second table memory for storing keyboard performance information from No. 3, and by referring to these two tables, reconstructs information that does not contradict each other.

In other words, if the state of a certain keyboard is on on one side, but an off event occurs on the other, this off event information is not actually output, but the state is changed to on. Arbitration processing is performed, such as giving priority to This allows you to mix your keyboard performance with MIDI while avoiding non-musical obstacles such as the sound you're actually playing on the keyboard being cut off by the MIDI signal.
It is possible to perform together with the information from.

Next, an example of the specific configuration and operation of the pedal information detection circuit 15 will be explained.The pedal information detection circuit 15 can be configured by a CPU circuit that operates according to a program that performs the following processing. Here, a first table memory that stores pedal performance information from the pedal state detection circuit 12 and a second table memory that stores pedal performance information from the external communication control circuit 13 are provided. ) and reconstruct it as mutually consistent information.

In other words, if a certain pedal is on on one side and an off event occurs on the other, this off event information is not actually output, but the pedal is on. Arbitration processing is performed, such as giving priority to

This allows the sound you are actually playing with the pedal to become an MID.
It is possible to perform together with the pedal performance and the performance based on the information from the MIDI while avoiding non-instrumental problems such as interruptions due to the signal from the I.

Although each part of the system control circuit 4 is configured as an independent circuit block here, the functions corresponding to each part are configured in software as programs for a single or multiple microprocessors, and the overall operation is the same. It is also easy to realize.

FIG. 3 shows a specific configuration of the direct sound information generation circuit 16 shown in FIG. 2, and is a configuration diagram of one embodiment for explaining the operation of the electronic musical instrument sound source control system according to the present invention. Here, 21 is an on-event detection circuit, 22 is an on-acceleration detection circuit, 23 is an on-pressure detection circuit, 24 is a damper event detection circuit, 25 is a damper pressure detection circuit, 2
6 is a software retention amount detection circuit, 27 is a direct sound state determination circuit, 28 is a note state table memory, and 2 are ROMs.

30 is a RAM.

That is, in the example of FIG. 3, the operation of the portion related to processing corresponding to a keyboard on event of a certain pitch will be explained. The output signal from the key press/release information detection circuit 14, that is, the key press/release information is sent to the on event detection circuit 21.
, on-acceleration detection circuit 22 and on-pressure detection circuit 23
supplied to

On the other hand, the output signal from the pedal information detection circuit 15 at this point, that is, the pedal information, is the output signal from the damper event detection circuit 15.
4, supplied to the damper pressure detection circuit 25 and the soft retention amount detection circuit 26.

Here, the on-event detection circuit 21 detects information that the sounding state of the pitch that was previously off has changed to the on state, and information regarding the pitch, and directly supplies the information to the sound state determination circuit 27. . In addition, the on-acceleration detection circuit 22 detects acceleration information extracted from the initial and final velocity of the keyboard movement speed as higher-order information than the velocity information defined in the MIDI standard, and detects the direct sound state. The signal is supplied to the determination circuit 27. This is reflected in the sound source parameters if we interpret that in the physical phenomenon of piano sound, the impulse, which is the product of the force proportional to acceleration and the contact time of the hammer, corresponds to the striking force of the string as a change in momentum. This is an important factor.

Further, in the on-pressure detection circuit 23, separate pressure information is detected for each key, which corresponds to polyphonic pressure according to the MIDI standard, and is supplied to the direct sound state determination circuit 27. This is a parameter that cannot be expressed on an acoustic piano, but in the keyboard operations of actual pianists, there are many movements that seem to contain this pressure information, and new concepts can be used to enrich musicality. As a musical instrument, there is an important meaning in the possibility of expressions that correspond to such performance information.

The damper event detection circuit 24 also receives information as to whether the damper pedal is on or off;
In particular, information for dealing with a special performance effect accompanied by noise when suddenly turned off is detected and supplied to the direct sound state determination circuit 27.

In addition, the damper pressure detection circuit 25 detects sensor output information that detects the pressure when the pedal is depressed, as a concept that exceeds the damper information of the MIDI standard.
The signal is directly supplied to the sound state determination circuit 27. This is a parameter that cannot be expressed on an acoustic piano, but in actual pianists' pedal operations, there are many movements that seem to contain this pressure information, and it seems that the pedal is also compatible with this kind of performance information. An important meaning can be found in the possibility of expression.

In addition, the soft holding amount detection circuit 26 detects pedal information corresponding to a playing state in which the soft pedal is kept at a certain depth of depression, and supplies the detected pedal information to the direct playing state determining circuit 27. In the case of a grand piano, this information corresponds to the part where the felt at the tip of the hammer collides with the strings, and the hardness of the felt changes as the felt slides slightly. It has a great influence on the timbre of the overtone structure, and is one of the most delicate expressive areas of the piano instrument.

In addition, the direct sound state determination circuit 27 uses the various performance information described above as human power to determine and select predetermined musical tone generation information from the combination of individual information by the operations described below, and determines the sound source. The signal is supplied to the control circuit 18. Specific configurations include a method that refers to a judgment table memory prepared with all combinations of musical tone information parameters, a method that uses a dedicated microprocessor for this section to extrapolate and interpolate from the representative values of each musical tone information parameter, and a method that uses a neural There are methods such as a method in which a processor learns appropriate judgment/selection processing, and a method in which a fuzzy processor performs judgment/selection processing in consideration of weights and ambiguity.

When the information to be generated as a direct sound is selected by these methods, the sound source control circuit 18 performs an assignment process to the sound generation channels of the sound source circuit 5, and if the limit of the number of sound generation channels is exceeded, A request is made to output the overflow musical tone information from the external communication control circuit 13 shown in FIG. The tone source control circuit 18 also prepares waveform selection data, envelope selection data, envelope parameters, velocity data, frequency number data, etc. as musical tone parameters required by the tone source circuit 5 from the musical tone information.

The note state table memory 28 also stores the on state or off state of each pitch as information from the direct sound state determination circuit 27 as a reference table. This allows the sound to continue even if you release the key with the damper pedal depressed, or sets only the keys that are turned on by the sostenuto pedal to the damper on state.
This is referred to in the operation for imitating the pedal mechanism of a grand piano as an electronic musical instrument, as well as in the operation for generating a musical sound signal corresponding to the effect of resonance, which will be described later.

The direct sound state determination circuit 27 is composed of a CPU, a buffer, and a latch, and performs various processes based on a storage program in the ROM 29, and stores various data in the RAM 30.

Although each part of the direct sound information generation circuit 16 is configured as an independent circuit block here, the functions corresponding to each part are configured in software as a program of a single or multiple microprocessors, and the overall structure is the same. It is also easy to realize this operation.

FIG. 4 shows a specific configuration of the direct sound information generation circuit 16 shown in FIG. 2, and is a configuration diagram of another embodiment for explaining the operation of the electronic musical instrument sound source control system according to the present invention. Here, 31 is an off event detection circuit, 32 is an off speed detection circuit, 33 is an off hold ffi detection circuit, 24 is a damper event detection circuit, 34 is a sostenuto event detection circuit, 27 is a direct sound state determination circuit, and 28 is a note state Two table memories are ROM and 30 are RAM.

That is, in the example of FIG. 4, the operation of the part related to processing corresponding to a keyboard off event of a certain pitch will be explained. The output signal from the key press/release information detection circuit 14, that is, the key press/release information, is sent to the off event detection circuit 31.
, off-speed detection circuit 32 and off-retention amount detection circuit 33
supplied to

On the other hand, the output signal from the pedal information detection circuit 15 at this point, that is, the pedal information, is the output signal from the damper event detection circuit 15.
4 and the sostenuto event detection circuit 34.

Here, the off-event detection circuit 31 detects information that the sounding state of the previously on-state pitch has changed to the off-state, and information regarding the pitch, and directly supplies the information to the sound state determination circuit 27. In addition, the off-speed detection circuit 32 detects key release speed information extracted from the moving speed of the keyboard, which corresponds to off-velocity information defined in the MIDI standard, and directly supplies it to the sound state determination circuit 27. be done. In the physical phenomenon of piano sound, this is an important factor as a sound source parameter that characterizes the piano's tone, regulating the time for the damper felt to come into contact with the vibrating strings and absorb and attenuate higher harmonics. be.

In addition, the off-hold amount detection circuit 23 uses musical information that cannot be expressed in the MIDI standard to hold the keyboard in a very slightly sunken state, rather than to immediately remove the finger from the keyboard when releasing the key. It is intended to meet the expressive demands of musicians in advanced performance forms. This is a specific sound source parameter that attenuates the high-order harmonics of string vibrations extremely slowly, and delays the attenuation of reverberation-related components to emphasize the lingering sound.
The possibility of expression that corresponds to such performance information has an important meaning.

The damper event detection circuit 24 also receives information as to whether the damper pedal is on or off;
In particular, information for dealing with a special performance effect accompanied by noise when suddenly turned off is detected and supplied to the direct sound state determination circuit 27.

The sostenuto event detection circuit 34 also detects performance information using a pedal equivalent to a sostenuto pedal on a grand piano, and supplies the information to the direct sound state determination circuit 27 .

In addition, the direct sound state determination circuit 27 inputs the various performance information described above, determines and selects predetermined silencing processing information from a combination of individual information by the operations described below, and performs sound source control. to the circuit 18. Specific configurations include a method that refers to a judgment table memory prepared with all combinations of musical tone information parameters, a method that uses a dedicated microprocessor for this section to extrapolate and interpolate from the representative values of each musical tone information parameter, and a method that uses a neural There are methods such as a method in which a processor learns appropriate judgment/selection processing, and a method in which a fuzzy processor performs judgment/selection processing in consideration of weights and ambiguity.

When information to be muted as direct sound is selected by these methods, the sound source control circuit 18 refers to the sound generation channel number assignment memory of the sound source circuit 5, and if the number of sound generation channels exceeds the limit. If the overflowed musical tone information corresponds to the musical tone that was being output from the external communication control circuit 13 in FIG. 2, it requests that mute information be transmitted from the same route.

In addition, in the sound source control circuit 18, the musical sound parameters required by the sound source circuit 5 from the musical sound information are waveform selection data, envelope selection data, envelope parameters, velocity data,
Prepare frequency number data, etc.

The note state table memory 28 also stores the on state or off state of each pitch as information from the direct sound state determination circuit 27 as a reference table. This allows the sound to continue even if you release the key with the damper pedal depressed, or sets only the keys that are turned on by the sostenuto pedal to the damper on state.
This is referred to in the operation for imitating the pedal mechanism of a grand piano as an electronic musical instrument, as well as in the operation for generating a musical sound signal corresponding to the effect of resonance, which will be described later.

The other configurations and operations are the same as in FIG. 3.

Although each part of the direct sound information generation circuit 16 is configured as an independent circuit block here, the functions corresponding to each part are configured in software as a program of a single or multiple microprocessors, and the overall structure is the same. It is also easy to realize this operation.

FIG. 5 shows a specific configuration of the resonance information generation circuit 17 shown in FIG. 2, and is a configuration diagram of one embodiment for explaining the operation of the electronic musical instrument sound source control system according to the present invention. Here, 21 is an on event detection circuit, 23 is an on pressure detection circuit, 33 is an OFF retention amount detection circuit, 24 is a damper event detection circuit, 41 is a damper retention amount detection circuit,
42 is a resonance state determination circuit, 28 is a note state table memory, 43 is a ROM, and 44 is a RAM.

In other words, in the example shown in Fig. 5, for example, in an acoustic piano, when a key on event of a certain pitch corresponds to the production of resonance, echo, or reverberation by the strings and soundboard of other pitches, It explains the operation of the part related to the corresponding processing. The output signal from the key press/release information detection circuit 14, that is, the key press/release information is as follows:
Information is supplied to the on-event detection circuit 21, the on-pressure detection circuit 23, and the off-retention amount detection circuit 33.

On the other hand, the output signal from the pedal information detection circuit 15 at this point, that is, the pedal information, is the output signal from the damper event detection circuit 15.
4 and the damper holding amount detection circuit 41.

Here, the on-event detection circuit 21 detects information regarding the pitch of the direct sound whose sound generation state has changed to the on-state, as well as information regarding other keys that are in the on-state at that time, and sends the information to the resonance state determination circuit 42. Supplied.

Further, in the on-pressure detection circuit 23, for keys other than the pitch of the direct sound, separate pressure information is detected for each key, which corresponds to the polyphonic pressure of the MIDI standard, and is supplied to the resonance state determination circuit 42. This is a parameter that cannot be expressed on an acoustic piano, but if the effect of direct sound resonating with the strings at the pitch of the key that has already been pressed and held is changed by this key pressure, then the music This possibility is new, and the possibility of expression that also corresponds to performance information has an important meaning.

In addition, in the off-hold amount detection circuit 23, as musical information that cannot be expressed by the MIDI standard, the keyboard is held in a state in which the keyboard is held in a very slightly sunken state, rather than the finger being immediately removed from the keyboard when releasing the key. In response to various performance forms, specific sound source parameters include not only the intensity of the resonant sound corresponding to the direct sound, but also the overtone composition of the resonant sound to provide a wider range of expression. There are ways to improve this possibility.

The damper event detection circuit 24 also receives information as to whether the damper pedal is on or off;
In particular, information for dealing with a special performance effect accompanied by noise when turned off suddenly is detected and supplied to the resonance state determination circuit 42.

In addition, in the damper holding amount detection circuit 41, specific sound source parameters include direct sound For all other resonance sounds that occur in response to this, there is a method that further improves the possibilities of expression by changing not only their intensity but also the overtone composition of the resonance to give them a range of expression. Conceivable.

In addition, in the resonance sound state determination circuit 42, using the various performance information as described above, human power is used to determine and select predetermined resonance sound generation information from a combination of individual information by the operations described below, and determine the sound source. The signal is supplied to the control circuit 18.

The specific configuration includes a method that refers to a judgment table memory prepared with all combinations of resonance information parameters, and a dedicated microprocessor for these five sections to extrapolate and interpolate from the representative value of each resonance information parameter. There are two methods: a method in which a neuroprocessor learns appropriate guessing and selection processing, and a method in which a fuzzy processor performs judgment and selection processing in consideration of weights and ambiguity. When the information to generate a musical sound as a resonance sound is selected by these methods, the sound source control circuit 18 performs an assignment process to the sound generation channels of the sound source circuit 5, and if the limit of the number of sound generation channels is exceeded, A request is made to output the overflow resonance sound information from the external communication control circuit 13 shown in FIG. In addition, the sound source control circuit 18 uses waveform selection data, envelope selection data, envelope parameters, velocity data,
Prepare frequency number data, etc.

In addition, in the note state table memory 28, the on state or off state of each keyboard and the on state or off state of each pedal are held as a reference table as information from the direct sound state determination circuit 27. It is referred to by the resonance state determination circuit 42 as necessary for a musical tone signal generation operation corresponding to a resonance tone, which will be described later.

The resonance state determination circuit 42 is composed of a CPU, a buffer, and a latch, and performs various processes based on a storage program in the ROM 43, and stores various data in the RAM 44.

Although each part of the resonance information generation circuit 17 is configured as an independent circuit block here, the functions corresponding to each part are configured in software as a program of a single or multiple microprocessors, and the overall function is the same. It is also easy to realize this operation.

FIG. 6 shows the contents of parameters for direct sound generation. These direct sound parameters are stored in the direct sound table 511 of the note state table memory 28, and include attack level, attack speed, decay level, decay speed, sustain level, release level, release speed, waveform select number, It consists of parameters such as amplitude, vibrato speed, vibrato depth, tremolo speed, tremolo depth, and pan pot.

Among these, attack level, attack speed, decay level, decay speed, sustain level, release level, and release speed indicate the level and speed of each phase of the envelope waveform. The waveform selection number is used to select one of the many types of musical sound waveforms stored in the sound source control circuit 18. Amplitude indicates the amplitude level of the envelope level (or the entire musical tone signal), and is a parameter indicating the volume. Vibrato speed and vibrato depth are
The speed (one cycle of change) and depth (of the vibrato effect)
This shows the magnitude of the change (amplitude value). The tremolo speed and tremolo depth indicate the magnitude of the speed (one cycle of change) and the depth (amplitude value of change) of the tremolo effect. The panpot indicates the amount of change in the sound image position. In addition, parameters such as celeste effect, phasor effect, voltament effect, etc. may be included.

These direct sound parameters are as shown in Figure 6.
Each key number from 1” to r128J, “0” to r100
It is stored for each key-on pressure data of J, for each key-on acceleration data of "0" to r100J, and for each key-on speed data of "0" to r100J. Therefore, the amount of data as a whole is quite large, but this means that each parameter value can be set, for example, once for each number or data.
Alternatively, one representative parameter value may be stored, and each parameter value may be determined from the representative parameter value by proportional calculation.

Such parameters are similarly stored for resonance sounds. The resonance parameter is selected based on the values of the key number, key-on pressure data, key-on acceleration data, key-on speed data, and damper retention amount data.

FIG. 7(A) shows a list of resonance it'll related data for generating resonance sound. This resonance correlation data is stored in the resonance correlation table 5 of the note state table memory 28.
3, and indicates the level of resonance between musical tones of a certain key number and musical tones of other key numbers. For example, key number C2 has a second overtone relationship with key number CI, so the resonance correlation data is high at rO, 8J, and key number D2 has a diatonic interval relationship with key number C1, so it is low at rO, IJ. There is.

This resonance correlation data is high when the frequency ratio is 1:n (r+-1, 2゜3...), and 2:3.
(Perfect 5th), 3:4 (Perfect 4th)... The next highest frequency ratio is 3:4 (perfect 4th). However, above 1:
The relationship between the frequency ratios of n (n-1, 2, 3...) is r
The larger the value of nJ, the smaller the resonance correlation data. Based on the value of this resonance correlation data, it is determined which resonance sound to play for a certain direct sound. In this case, the envelope level of the resonance sound may be multiplied by this resonance correlation data.

FIG. 7(B) shows a list of resonance ratio data for generating resonance sound. This resonance ratio data indicates the frequency ratio between musical tones of each key number, and is stored in the resonance ratio table 54 of the note state table memory 28. For example, for key number C1, key number G2
is related to the third overtone, so the resonance ratio data is "3".

As a result, in the resonance correlation table shown in FIG. 7(A) above,
A resonance sound that has a high correlation with the direct sound is selected,
Using the resonance ratio table of FIG. 7(B), the frequency ratio (ratio) of these highly correlated resonance sounds is determined. By multiplying the frequency number of the direct sound by this resonance ratio data, the frequency number of the resonance sound itself is determined.

In this case, it is conceivable to set the frequency number of the key number selected in the resonance correlation table 53 of FIG. 7(A) as it is in the assignment memory of the sound source control circuit 18. However, for example, the frequency number of key number C and the frequency number of key number G2 do not have an exact 1:3 relationship and are slightly shifted. On the other hand, resonance is exactly 1
:3 relationship. Therefore, as mentioned above, the frequency number of the resonance sound is N times the frequency number of the direct sound (
N-1, 2, 3... 3/2.5/2...4/3.
5/3, 7/3, etc.).

FIG. 8 shows the contents of parameters for generating musical tone components such as noise sounds other than the above-mentioned direct sounds and resonance sounds. This noise sound is a sound such as a resonance sound of a piano soundboard or the like. This noise sound parameter is stored in the noise table 55 of the note state table memory 28, and consists of a noise waveform selection number, envelope selection number, amplitude, frequency number, etc.

Among these, the noise waveform selection number selects one of many types of noise waveforms stored in the sound source control circuit 18. The envelope selection number is used to select one of many types of envelope waveforms stored in the sound source control circuit 18. Amplitude indicates the amplitude level of noise sound and is a parameter indicating volume. The frequency number is data representing a key number and indicates the speed at which the noise waveform is read. This is because, for example, one representative noise waveform is stored for each of a plurality of pitches, and the reading speed of the noise waveform is changed for each pitch.

These noise sound parameters are stored for each open string number data of "1" to "128" and for each key number of "1" to r128J. When the number of open strings is r128J, this corresponds to when all strings are open and the tamper pedal is being operated.

Regarding the noise sound parameters, for example, one representative parameter value may be stored for each of a plurality of data or numbers, and each parameter value may be determined from this representative parameter value by proportional calculation.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of key processing by the direct sound state determination circuit 27 when a key event occurs, and this processing, together with initialization processing and the like, forms one of the overall processing. This entire process starts when the power is turned on.

In this process, first, if it is a key-on event (step 01), the direct sound state determination circuit 27 calculates the frequency number of the key number related to the key-on event (step 02). This frequency number group is stored in the note state table memory 28 in correspondence with each key number.

Next, the key number, key-on pressure data, key-on acceleration data, and key-on speed data are synthesized to create address data for direct sound parameters (step 03
~06). This address data includes, for example, all 7 bits of the key number, the upper 3 bits of the key-on pressure data, the upper 3 bits of the key-on acceleration data,
It is created by splicing the upper 3 bits of the key-on speed data to create 16-bit data.

Then, based on this address data, the corresponding direct sound parameter is read out from the resonance correlation table 53 (Step 07), and the direct sound parameter and the frequency number are stored in an assignment memory (not shown) in the sound source control circuit 18. Set (step 08).

As a result, direct sound is generated and emitted.

Also, if it is a key-off event (step 01.09
), among the musical tone data in the assignment memory in the tone source control circuit 18, the musical tone data having the same key number as the key number related to this key-off is turned off (step 1).
0).

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of the resonance sound generation process of the resonance state determination circuit 42 when the above-mentioned direct sound key event occurs.

In this process, first, if there is a key-on event (step 11), the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not the damper pedal is depressed by ↑11 (step 12).
. This is determined based on signals from the pedal information detection circuit 15 and the damper event detection circuit 24. If the damper pedal is depressed, the resonance correlation data of the key number related to the key-on is read from the resonance correlation table 53 shown in FIG. (Step 13).

Next, from this selected key number and the key number of the direct sound related to the above-mentioned key-on, as shown in FIG. 7(B),
Read resonance ratio data from the resonance ratio table 54 (
Step 14). Then, the read resonance ratio data is sequentially multiplied by the frequency number of the direct sound (step 15).

Next, in step 16), resonance parameters corresponding to the resonance key number, key-on pressure, key-on acceleration, key-on speed, and damper holding amount are read from the resonance table 52 of the note state table memory 28, and set in the sound source control circuit 18. (Step 17). As this resonance parameter, it is also possible to use the direct sound parameter of the direct sound table 51 of the note state table memory 28 described above. In this case, each direct sound parameter may be multiplied by the resonance correlation data to create a resonance sound parameter whose value is smaller than the direct sound parameter.

Further, when it is determined in step 12 that the damper pedal is not depressed, the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether there is any key-on sound other than the direct sound (step 18). This determination is made, for example, by searching for musical tone data in the key-on state in the assignment memory in the tone source control circuit 18.

If there is a key-on key, the resonance correlation data of this key-on key number with respect to the key number of the direct sound is read from the resonance correlation table 53 shown in FIG. 7(A) (step 19). Then, it is determined whether or not each resonance correlation data exceeds a certain value, more specifically rO, 5J (step 20). If the key number is greater than or equal to a certain value, the resonance sound generation processing of steps 14 to 17 described above is performed for that key number.

As a result, if the damper pedal is depressed, resonance sound generation processing for cosine is performed in steps 13 to 17. Further, if the damper pedal is not depressed, resonance generation processing is performed only for the string whose key is on in steps 18-20 and 14-17.

In addition, in steps 11 and 21, if it is a key-off event, among the musical tone data in the assignment memory in the sound source control circuit 18, musical tone data with the same key number as the key number related to this key-off is turned off (step 22 ). If the damper pedal is off (step 23), among the musical tone data in the assignment memory, this key-off musical tone data is turned off (step 23).
Step 24).

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of the noise sound generation process of the resonance sound state determination circuit 42.

In this process, first, if it is a key-on event (step 31), the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether the damper pedal is depressed or not (step 32).
. This is determined based on the signals from the pedal information detection circuit 15 and the damper event detection circuit 24, as described above. If the damper pedal is depressed, a noise parameter corresponding to the open cosine and the key number of the direct sound is read out from the noise sound table 55 (step 33) and set in the sound source control circuit 18 (step 34).

Further, if it is determined in step 32 that the damper pedal is not depressed, the resonance state determination circuit 42
Determine whether there is a key on (step 3)
5). This determination is made, for example, by searching for musical tone data in the key-on state in the assignment memory in the tone source control circuit 18.

If there is a key on, the number of keys on this key,
That is, the number of open strings is counted (step 36).

This counting is performed, for example, by counting the number of key-on musical tone data in the assignment memory. Then, a noise parameter corresponding to this count number, that is, the number of open strings and also corresponding to the key number of the direct sound is read out from the noise sound table 55 (step 37), and set in the sound source control circuit 18 (step 34).
).

As a result, noise sound components are also generated and emitted.

Also, if it is a key-off event (step 31.38
), among the musical tone data in the assignment memory in the sound source control circuit 18, the musical tone data with the same key number as the key number related to this key-off is turned off (step 3
9). Note that this noise sound has a short tone length and is almost constant, so this key-off process may be omitted.

FIG. 12 shows the direct sound state determining circuit 27 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the resonance sound state iii determining circuit 4 shown in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a signal diagram for explaining an example of resonance sound operation in FIG. Fig. 12(A) shows the on/off state signal of the first keyboard, Fig. 12(B) shows the musical tone signal with a pitch approximately corresponding to the first keyboard, and Fig. 12(C) shows the on/off state of the second keyboard. Fig. 12 (D) is a musical tone signal with a pitch approximately corresponding to the second keyboard, Fig. 12 (E) is an on/off state signal for the third keyboard, and Fig. 12 (F) is a musical tone signal for the third keyboard. These are musical tone signals with approximately corresponding pitches, and here the pitch of the first keyboard is [C
2], the pitch of the second keyboard is [Bb2], the first pitch of the third keyboard is [D5], and the second pitch is [G4].

That is, when the first keyboard is turned on at time t1 as shown in FIG. 12(A), a direct tone of the pitch corresponding to this keyboard is produced as shown in FIG. 12(B), and at time t2, the pitch is approximately It decays and disappears, but the keyboard remains on. Next, when the second keyboard is turned on at time t3 as shown in Figure 12 (C), a direct tone of the pitch corresponding to this keyboard is sounded as shown in Figure 12 (D), and at time t4, the It decays and disappears, but the keyboard remains on. At this time, for the first keyboard which is in the ON state, the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform a resonance sound generation operation.

Here, the interval of the second keyboard is a minor seventh interval with respect to the interval of the first keyboard, which is an interval with relatively low saturation, so the overtone relationship that generates resonance due to interaction equivalent to resonance is It is determined that the resonance sound is weak, and a resonance sound approximately corresponding to the first keyboard is not generated at time t3. this is,
While the frequency ratio of the minor seventh interval at the average rate is 1000 cents, or approximately 1.7817974, the frequency ratio required by the natural phenomenon of resonance is the ratio of the 4th harmonic to the 7th harmonic, or 1.75. This corresponds to the important physical problem that this gap is so large that it is difficult to excite resonance. Methods for performing such a judgment operation in the resonance state judgment circuit 42 include a method of calculating and comparing frequency ratios from the relationship of natural overtones as described above, and a method of calculating and comparing the frequency ratio from the relationship of natural overtones, or calculating the strength and weakness of the degree of resonance for each pitch corresponding to the keyboard. There are two methods: one method is to prepare a data table and refer to it, and the other method is to have a neuroprocessor learn the naturalness and unnaturalness of the degree of consonance one by one.

space below c] Next, when the third keyboard is turned on at time t5 as shown in Fig. 12 (E), the direct sound corresponding to this keyboard is played as shown in Fig. 12 (E).
F), the sound almost attenuates and disappears at time t6, and the keyboard is turned off at time t7. Regarding the first keyboard which is in the ON state at this time, the resonance sound state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform a resonance sound generation operation.

Here, the pitch of the third keyboard is a pitch of 3 octaves and 10 whole tones relative to the pitch of the first keyboard, and this pitch is a pitch with a high degree of harmony corresponding to the 9th harmonic of natural overtones, so at time t5 At time t8, it is determined to generate a resonance sound that substantially corresponds to the first keyboard, and the resonance sound is generated as shown in FIG. 12(B), and at time t8, it substantially attenuates and disappears. This is because the frequency ratio of the average rate of 3 octaves and 10 whole tones is 3800 cents, or approximately 8.9796964, which is very close to the frequency ratio of 9 natural overtones. This corresponds to the physical fact that even though the frequency is tuned to an average rate, a slightly different pure 9th overtone vibration is excited. When the generation of a musical tone signal corresponding to a resonance tone is determined by such a determination, the generation of a musical tone signal from time t5 to time t7 in FIG. 12(B) as a resonance tone approximately corresponding to the first keyboard is determined. required. The characteristics of this signal are that it does not have an envelope with a strong attack characteristic like a direct sound, but has an envelope characteristic that rises gently and the reverberation spreads further, and the resonant tone has few high-order harmonics. is selected, and the frequency number data is slightly different from the frequency of the average rate corresponding to the first keyboard, but is an exact integer multiple of the frequency of the pitch corresponding to the third keyboard. is set.

Also, regarding the second keyboard which is in the ON state at this time, the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform the resonance sound generation operation. Here, the interval on the third keyboard is 2 octaves + major 3rd compared to the interval on the second keyboard, and this interval is a highly harmonious interval that corresponds to the 5th overtone of natural overtones. Therefore, at time t5, it is determined to generate a resonance sound that almost corresponds to the second keyboard, and the resonance sound is produced as shown in FIG. 12(D), and at time t9.
It almost attenuates and disappears. This is because the frequency ratio of the interval of 2 octaves + major 3rd of the average rate is 2800 cents, or approximately 5.0396842, which is very close to the frequency ratio of the 5th harmonic of natural overtones. This corresponds to the physical fact that even though the string's natural frequency is tuned to an average rate, a slightly different pure fifth overtone vibration is excited. When the generation of a musical tone signal corresponding to a resonance tone is determined by such a determination,
Figure 12 (D
) is required to generate a musical tone signal from time t5 to time t9. The characteristics of this signal are basically the 12th
This is similar to the 9th harmonic in Figure (B), but is designated as a signal with a larger amplitude and duration. In addition, the resonant tones that contain different high-order harmonics are selected, and the frequency number data is selected from the third keyboard, which has a slightly different average rate frequency corresponding to the second keyboard. Frequency number data is set such that it is an exact integer multiple of the frequency of the pitch corresponding to.

In this way, what should be noted here is that the resonant tone corresponding to the resonance phenomenon of the strings corresponds to physical vibrations excited from pure overtone relationships, so in the average rate temperament, it is musically meaningful. The sound must not be resonant. In other words, in this case,
The pitch of the resonance tone corresponding to the first keyboard generated at time t5 is a pitch that is a pure 9th overtone from the pitch of the first keyboard, while the pitch of the resonance tone generated at time t5 is a pitch that is a pure 9th overtone from the pitch of the first keyboard.
The pitch of the resonant tone corresponding to the second keyboard is a pitch that is a pure fifth overtone from the pitch of the second keyboard, and since these two pitches have frequencies that differ by more than ten cents, if they are sounded at the same time, It is accompanied by quite a growl. One of the causes of the complex sound of an acoustic piano is this subtle beat, and the pitch parameters of the sound source circuit that generates such resonance sound components can accommodate much more precise pitch specifications than the average rate. There must be.

Next, the ninth keyboard is pressed at time tlO as shown in FIG. 12(q).
When the key is turned on at the second pitch, the direct sound corresponding to this keyboard is produced as shown in FIG. Regarding the first keyboard that is on at this time,
The resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform a resonance sound generation operation. Here, the interval on the 9th keyboard is 2 octaves + a perfect 5th with respect to the interval on the 1st keyboard, and this interval is a highly harmonious interval that corresponds to the 6th overtone of natural overtones. Therefore, at time tlO, it is determined to generate a resonance sound that approximately corresponds to the first keyboard, and the resonance sound is produced as shown in FIG. 12(B). This means that the frequency ratio of the interval of 2 octaves + a perfect 5th is 3100 cents, or approximately 5.9932.
283, which is very close to the frequency ratio of the natural 6th overtone, so even though the natural frequency of the strings in a real piano is tuned to an average rate, the pure 6th overtone is slightly different from this. corresponds to the physical fact that the vibration of is excited.

Also, regarding the second keyboard which is in the ON state at this time, the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform the resonance sound generation operation. Here, the interval between the second keyboard and the third keyboard is one octave + major sixth, which is not a very high degree of harmony in terms of the relationship between fundamental tones. However, in this case, the highly consonant overtone component of 2 octaves + major 3rd, or 5th overtone, corresponds to the perfect 5th, or 3rd harmonic, of the interval on the 3rd keyboard. Since the pitch relationship is such that harmonic components with a high degree of resonance are strongly excited, it is determined that a resonance sound corresponding to the second keyboard is generated at time t10, and the resonance sound is as shown in FIG. 12 (D). pronounced. This means that the frequency ratio of the interval of 1 octave + major 6th is 21.
00 cents, or about 3.3635857, whereas the frequency ratio of the overtones in the above relationship is about 3.
．． Because the values are very close to 3333333, in a real piano, even though the natural frequency of the strings is tuned to the average rate, a pure fifth overtone vibration that is slightly different from this is excited. Corresponds to physical facts.

In the example of FIG. 12, the first keyboard is in the OFF state at time t12, so the resonance sound rapidly decays and disappears at time t12, and the second keyboard is in the OFF state at time t11. The resonance sound rapidly attenuates and disappears at time tll.

FIG. 13 is a signal diagram for explaining another example of resonance sound operation in the direct sound state determination circuit 27 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and the resonance sound state determination circuit 42 shown in FIG. 5. . Here, Figure 13 (A)! ! Signals representing the on-off state and depressed state of the damper pedal, Fig. 13 (B) are the on-off state signals of an arbitrary keyboard, Fig. 13 (C)
) is the musical tone signal of the direct tone corresponding to this arbitrary keyboard pitch, FIG. 13 (D) is the musical tone signal of the first resonance tone corresponding to the pitch other than this arbitrary keyboard pitch, and FIG. 13 (E ) is a musical tone signal of a second resonance corresponding to a pitch other than this arbitrary keyboard pitch.

When an arbitrary keyboard is turned on at time t1 as shown in Figure 13 (B), a direct tone corresponding to this keyboard is sounded as shown in Figure 13 (C), and when the keyboard is turned off at time t2, a musical tone is produced. decays rapidly and disappears.

In the case of a piano, this corresponds to the situation in which when a key is released, the damper touches the strings and the felt of the damper absorbs the vibrations. In this state, the damper pedal is off and resonance of strings of other pitches is prohibited, so the resonance state determination circuit 42 does not start the process of actually determining the resonance sound generation operation.

Next, the damper pedal is activated at time t as shown in FIG. 13(A).
Assume that the key changes to the depressed state at 3, is held depressed, and the same keyboard is turned on again at time t4 and turned off at time t5. Then, for the musical tone signal of the direct tone corresponding to the pitch of this keyboard in FIG. 13(C), the sound generation is the same as the previous time, but the sound generation continues even when the keyboard is in the OFF state. In the case of a piano, this corresponds to the state in which when the damper pedal is depressed, the damper does not touch the strings even when the key is released, and the damper felt does not absorb vibrations.

In addition, in response to the ON state of the damper pedal, the resonance state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform the resonance sound generation operation, and here, the resonance sound state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform the resonance sound generation operation, and here, the resonance sound state determination circuit 42 determines whether or not to perform the resonance sound generation operation. The musical tone signal of the first resonance tone and the musical tone signal of the second resonance tone corresponding to a pitch other than the pitch of this keyboard in FIG. 13(E) are selected. The musical sound signal of the first resonance sound shown in FIG. 13(D) is a noisy signal in particular that the instantaneous impact of the direct sound string strike is transmitted by the bridge, and the PCM method is used as the sound source method of the electronic musical instrument. This is an effective reproduction. In the case of this first resonance, it is a musical tone signal in which a specific pitch cannot be felt, so it is difficult to determine which string of the other keyboard pitches it corresponds to, and it is difficult to identify which string of the other keyboard pitches it corresponds to. It is reasonable to think that this is the effect of resonance and reverberation caused by the overall action of the soundboard. Therefore,
The resonance state determination circuit 42 uses performance information such as keying speed and keying acceleration, rather than comparing pitch relationships and frequency ratios, as described above, especially when determining resonance with respect to the impact sound at the rise of a musical tone. and pitch information,
A control operation is performed so that waveform data corresponding to an appropriate impact resonance/reverberation combination is selected.

Moreover, the musical tone signal of the second resonance tone shown in FIG. 13(E) is
In particular, it corresponds to a resonance phenomenon that corresponds to the resonance phenomenon of harmonic components on other strings excited by a direct sound, and as mentioned above, it has a pitch that is a pure harmonic relationship, and it is quite time-consuming. It has a slow envelope. When the damper pedal is depressed as in this example, the process of determining pitch candidates that have overtone relationships becomes quite complex, but even if it takes several m5ec on the microprocessor, the envelope does not match. In most cases, it takes longer than this to start up, so there is no actual problem with delays.

It is effective to reproduce the musical tone signal of resonance tones of such components by the sine synthesis method.

Next, the damper pedal is activated at time t as shown in FIG. 13(A).
Assume that the depression state is maintained at a shallow level at step 6. Then, the musical tone signal of the direct tone corresponding to the pitch of this keyboard in FIG. 13(C) and the musical tone signal of the first resonance tone corresponding to the pitch other than the pitch of this keyboard in FIG. 13(D) have already been processed. Since it is attenuated, there is no change, and one solution is Fig. 13 (
Regarding the musical sound signal of the second resonance corresponding to pitches other than this keyboard pitch in E), particularly high-order harmonic components of the strings are attenuated, which is generated by the damper's felt touching the strings very lightly. Such changes occur.

This is a delicate expressive ability unique to acoustic pianos, and has been often pointed out as a musical difference between it and electronic instruments. If the sound source uses the sine synthesis method, this change can be easily achieved by setting the parameters so that the envelope of the high-order harmonic components is attenuated first. Furthermore, in the case of a subtractive sound source, it is possible to obtain an effect similar to this by slightly moving the cutoff frequency of the VCF downward.

Next, the damper pedal is activated at time t as shown in FIG. 13(A).
Assume that the state changes to a state where the pedal is released at step 7. Then, regarding the musical sound signal of the second resonance tone corresponding to a pitch other than this keyboard pitch shown in FIG. and disappear.

In the above example, the sound source circuit that is supplied with the sound source parameters corresponding to the direct sound and the sound source circuit that is supplied with the sound source parameters that correspond to the resonance state are separately assigned, so the sound source circuit's sound generation channel In this case, a larger number is required than in the example shown in FIG.

Therefore, for musical tone generation in a portion exceeding the number of sound generation channels of the tone generator circuit, an external source responsible for musical tone generation is transmitted in a similar manner via the external communication control circuit 13 and the external communication circuit 3 shown in FIG. This can be handled by a method such as transmitting the sound source parameters to the device. Although extension to an external sound source may be necessary in some cases, the method in this example simplifies the parameters to be set for each sound source circuit, simplifying the resonance state determination process. This is an effective method in many respects.

As described above, the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention goes beyond the conventional idea of only generating musical tones corresponding to direct sounds, and also generates musical tones corresponding to resonance sounds related to direct sounds. This makes it possible to create an instrument with a complex tone similar to an acoustic piano, in which the sound and resonance are integrated.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, in addition to musical tone components corresponding to pitches played directly on the keyboard, other musical tone components corresponding to resonance effects are also generated. It is designed to generate a musical tone with a complex structure as a whole, while also reflecting subtle nuances equivalent to the pedal effect of a piano, making it possible to create an electronic instrument with the expressive power of an acoustic piano. Not only is this possible, but it also makes it possible to provide at a low price an electronic musical instrument with rich musicality that has a variety of possibilities beyond that of the piano, and will greatly contribute to the creation of high-quality music.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the structure of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the system control circuit 4 of FIG. 1. Figures 3 and 4
This figure is a block diagram of an embodiment of the direct sound information generating circuit 16 of FIG. 2. FIG. 5 shows the resonance information generation circuit 17 of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the direct sound table 51.
7 is a diagram showing the storage contents of the resonance correlation table 53 and the resonance ratio table 54; FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the storage contents of the noise sound table 55; FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the direct sound generation process, FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the resonance sound generation process, FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the noise generation process, FIG. 12, and ji! Figure 13 shows the third
6 is a signal diagram for explaining an example of a resonance sound generation operation in the direct sound state determination circuit 27 of FIG. 4 and the resonance sound state determination circuit 42 of FIG. 5. FIG. Figure 12 (A) is the on/off signal for the first keyboard, Figure 12 (B) is a musical tone signal with a pitch approximately corresponding to the first keyboard, and Figure 12 (C) is the on/off signal for the second keyboard. (A) is a signal representing the on-off state and depressed state of the damper pedal, Fig. 13 (B) is an on-off state signal of an arbitrary keyboard, and Fig. 13 (C) is a direct sound corresponding to the pitch of this keyboard. FIG. 13 (D) is the musical tone signal of the first resonance corresponding to a pitch other than the pitch of this arbitrary keyboard.
Figure (E) shows a musical tone signal of a second resonance tone corresponding to an interval other than this arbitrary keyboard interval. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Keyboard, 2... Pedal, 3... External communication circuit, 4... System control circuit, 5... Sound source circuit, 6...
...Sound system, 11...#U board state detection circuit, 12...Pedal state detection circuit, 13...External communication control circuit, 14...Key press/release information detection circuit, 15...
- Pedal information detection circuit, 16... Direct sound information generation circuit, 17... Resonant sound information generation circuit, 18... Sound source control circuit, 21... On event detection circuit, 22... On acceleration detection Circuit, 23...On pressure detection circuit, 24
... Damper event detection circuit, 25 ... Damper pressure detection circuit, 26 ... Soft retention amount detection circuit, 27
. . . Direct sound state determination circuit, 28 . . Note state table memory, 31 . . . Off event detection circuit, 32.
... Off speed detection circuit, 33... Off retention amount detection circuit, 34... Sostenuto event detection circuit, 41...
- Damper retention amount detection circuit, 42... Resonance sound state determination circuit.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) In an electronic musical instrument that digitally generates musical tone signals, there is a key press/release information detection means for detecting information on key press and release states from keyboard operations or external communication signals, and a means for detecting key press/release information from keyboard operations or external communication signals; a pedal information detection means for detecting information on a pedal depression state from a signal; and a direct sound for generating musical tone information regarding the direct sound according to the output from the key press/release information detection means and the output from the pedal information detection means. information generation means; and resonance sound information for generating musical sound information regarding resonance corresponding to resonance, shock propagation, reverberation, etc., according to the output from the key press/release information detection means and the output from the pedal information detection means. a generating means, a plurality of sound source means having a plurality of musical tone parameters, and assigning pronunciation of the plurality of sound source means according to the output from the direct sound information generating means and the output from the resonance sound information generating means; and a sound source control means for supplying predetermined musical tone parameters, and is characterized in that musical tones corresponding to resonance conditions other than musical tones of intervals corresponding to actually played key press/release information are also produced. electronic musical instrument. (2) In the above-mentioned key press/release information detection means, a key press/release change information detection means for detecting a change in state of key press or key release for each pitch, and velocity information or acceleration at the time of key press for each pitch. The key pressing state information detecting means detects information or pressure information, and the key releasing state information detecting means detects velocity information, acceleration information, or retention information at the time of key release of each pitch, Claims characterized in that musical tone parameters supplied to the sound source means are controlled by outputs from the change information detection means, the key press state information detection means, and the key release state information detection means. The electronic musical instrument according to item 1. (3) In the pedal information detection means, a pedal change information detection means detects a change in the state of pressing down or pulling up each pedal, and a pedal depression information detecting means detects speed information, acceleration information, or pressure information when each pedal is pressed down. and a pedal lifting state information detecting means for detecting speed information, acceleration information, or holding information when each pedal is lifted, the pedal change information detecting means, the pedal pressing state information detecting means, and the pedal pushing state information detecting means. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein musical tone parameters supplied to said sound source means are controlled by the output from said pedal lifting state information detecting means. (4) In the direct sound information generating means, for the musical tone of the pitch specified by the output from the key press/release information detecting means, the above-mentioned 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the musical tone parameters supplied to the sound source means are changed. (5) In the resonance information generating means, regarding musical tone components corresponding to other intervals other than the musical tone of the interval specified by the output from the key press/release information detecting means and musical tone components not corresponding to a specific interval. , according to the output information from the pedal information detection means and the key press/release information detection means, evaluate the frequency ratio corresponding to the physical resonance phenomenon and the noise component corresponding to the propagation of the impact sound. A musical sound parameter supplied to the sound source means as musical sound information regarding a corresponding resonance sound is controlled by selecting a sound and setting a reflected sound or an attenuated sound corresponding to reverberation. An electronic musical instrument according to item 1 of the scope of . (6) In the sound source control means, in response to the outputs from the direct sound information generation means and the resonance sound information generation means, musical sound generation information exceeding the range of allocation to the sound source means is controlled to produce corresponding sounds. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the assignment information and musical tone parameter information are outputted to the outside as an external communication signal.