JPH0372800B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is provided between a primary lining concrete and a secondary lining concrete of a tunnel, and spring water from the primary lining concrete side flows into the secondary lining concrete. This invention relates to a composite waterproof sheet that prevents leakage into concrete.

[Prior art] Conventionally, in a tunnel lining section, as shown in Fig. 4, a primary lining concrete b is cast on the ground a side, and a waterproof sheet c is bolted onto this primary lining concrete b. , concrete nails etc. are used to secure the waterproof sheet, and then a secondary lining concrete d is placed on this waterproof sheet c, and the waterproof sheet c is interposed between the primary and secondary lining concrete b and d. By draining the spring water between the primary lining concrete b and the waterproof sheet c, spring water from the primary lining concrete b side is prevented from seeping into the secondary lining concrete d side. are doing.

In order to make it easier for spring water from the primary lining concrete side to flow down between the primary lining concrete b and the waterproof sheet c, conventionally, the sheet itself has been provided with unevenness to form a waterway, or a waterproof sheet. A waterproof sheet is used in which a non-woven fabric with water permeability and water retention is laminated on one side of a synthetic resin base material, or the non-woven fabric is fixed to the primary lining concrete in advance and a sheet-shaped waterproof sheet is further applied on top of that. Waterproof sheets are used that are stacked and fixed.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in order to obtain complete waterproofness, these sheets required complicated construction work, and there were also difficulties in ensuring the flow of spring water from the primary lining concrete.

In addition, as mentioned above, the waterproof sheet is fixed to the concrete lining with bolts, concrete nails, etc. In this case, as shown in Figure 5, fixing members e such as nails are driven in to secure the waterproof sheet. When c is fixed to the primary lining concrete b, there is a problem that spring water from the ground side leaks through the peripheral wall of the fixing member e to the secondary lining concrete side, and a solution to this problem has been sought. .

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a waterproof sheet that can secure a sufficient amount of water flow and that can reliably prevent water leakage at locations where fixing members such as nails are driven. .

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is installed between the primary lining concrete and secondary lining concrete of a tunnel to prevent spring water from the primary lining concrete side from seeping into the secondary lining concrete side. In a waterproof sheet that prevents water damage, a water permeable sheet is partially adhered to one side of the main body of the impermeable base sheet at multiple locations, and fixing members such as nails are driven into the other side of the impermeable base sheet. A heat-fusible material layer is formed in accordance with the above.

In this case, it is preferable that the heat-fusible material layer is provided at the bonding point between the water-permeable sheet and the water-impermeable sheet, and the heat-fusible material is filled in the frame to make the frame water-impermeable. It is preferable to fix it to the other surface of the base sheet.

Here, as the water-impermeable base sheet, a plastic sheet, a rubber sheet, a composite sheet made by laminating the above-mentioned sheet on a metal foil, etc. can be used, but in particular, a polyethylene sheet, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheet, etc. are used. preferable. Further, as the heat-fusible substance, hot melt adhesives whose main raw material is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or the like, raw rubber, synthetic rubber, etc. are preferably used.

Further, as the water-permeable sheet, a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, or nylon, or a sheet made of open-cell foam such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane can be used.

[Effect]

The waterproof sheet of the present invention has a water-permeable sheet surface facing the primary lining concrete side, and fixing members such as bolts and concrete nails are formed on the other surface of the water-impermeable base sheet. It is poured into the primary lining concrete from the material layer through this layer to fix the waterproof sheet, and by melting the heat-fusible material, it fills the gap that occurs when the fixing member is poured with the heat-fusible material and fixes it. This seals the head side of the member.

When a waterproof sheet is installed in this way, spring water from the primary lining concrete side is prevented from leaking to the secondary lining concrete side mainly due to the impermeable base sheet, and spring water is prevented from leaking to the secondary lining concrete side. However, in this case, the waterproof sheet of the present invention does not adhere a water-permeable sheet such as non-woven fabric to the entire surface of the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet, but instead glues a water-permeable sheet such as non-woven fabric to one surface of the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet. By partially adhering the water permeable sheet at multiple points and leaving other parts unadhered so that it can be separated from the main body of the water impermeable base sheet,
The function of the water-permeable sheet through which spring water passes can be fully demonstrated. That is, in the conventional waterproof sheet in which a nonwoven fabric is entirely adhered to a main body of a water-impermeable base sheet, the main body and the nonwoven fabric are adhered over the entire stacked surface. For this reason, a water-impermeable bond is formed over the entire surface of the non-woven fabric from the adhesive surface to the non-woven fabric, reducing the effective cross-sectional area of the non-woven fabric through which water can permeate. had to be in small quantities. In contrast, in the waterproof sheet of the present invention, since the bonded portion between the two is small, the amount of spring water that permeates through the water-permeable sheet is large, and furthermore, the water-permeable sheet and the water-impermeable base sheet are not bonded together. Since spring water also flows between the sections, the amount of water passing through is large.

Furthermore, since the waterproof sheet of the present invention can seal the casting location of the fixing member as described above, it can reliably prevent spring water from leaking from the casting location to the secondary lining concrete side. It has extremely high waterproof function.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

1 in Figure 1 is a composite waterproof sheet that is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the primary lining concrete in the tunnel with nails, etc., and prevents spring water from leaking from the primary lining concrete side to the secondary lining concrete side. be. This waterproof sheet 1 has a plurality of synthetic resin ring-shaped frames 3 whose surfaces are coated with fluorescent paint formed along the lower periphery along both side edges of the upper surface of the main body 2 of the water-impermeable base sheet. At the same time, a disc-shaped washer 5 with a concrete nail insertion hole 4 bored in the center is fitted inside the frame 3, and a heat-fusible material is placed on top of the disc-shaped washer 5. 6 is filled.

A water-permeable sheet 7 is stacked on the lower surface of the main body 2, and the lower surface of the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 are partially adhered at a position corresponding to the frame 3 on the other surface of the main body 2. The bonded part 9 shown in FIG. An unbonded gap 8 can be formed between the two.

Next, to explain the case where the composite waterproof sheet 1 is installed inside a tunnel, as shown in FIG. From the top surface of the heat-fusible material 6, the nail insertion hole 4 of the washer 5,
Nails 11 are driven into the primary lining concrete 10 through the waterproof sheet 1, thereby fixing the waterproof sheet 1 to the primary lining concrete 10. Next, a heated and melted heat-fusible substance is injected onto the nail 11 and the head 12 using an injection device such as a hand gun, and the head 12 of the nail 11 is watertightly coated with a coating 13 of the heat-fusible substance. It is.

The composite waterproof sheet 1 attached to the primary lining concrete 10 in this manner is interconnected by known means, and then a secondary lining concrete (not shown) is poured thereon. .

In the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment, the water-permeable sheets 7 are stacked on the lower surface of the sheet main body 2, and the stacked surfaces are partially adhered, so that the stacked surfaces of the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheets 7 are stacked together. Most of it is left unbonded as mentioned above. Therefore, the water-impermeable adhesive portion 9 formed between the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 occupies only a small portion of the whole, and the water permeation ability of the water-permeable sheet 7 is rarely impaired. Therefore, the amount of water that permeates through the water-permeable sheet 7 is large, and most of the stacked surface of the main body 2 with the water-permeable sheet 7 is not bonded, so the contact between the main body 2 and the water-permeable sheet 7 is A gap can be formed between them, through which a large amount of water can flow.

In addition, since the frame 3 is adhered to the upper surface side of the sheet main body 2 and the heat-fusible material 6 is filled therein, the head 12 of the nail 11 driven through the heat-fusible material 6 is uniform. Therefore, the heat-fusible material 6 tends to be buried in the head 1 of the nail 11.
2, when injecting with a hand gun or the like, the coating 13 can be easily formed to cover the head 12, and
Since the coating 13 and the heat-fusible substance 6 are of the same quality, they have good adhesion to each other and form a coating with good watertightness. Therefore, there is no risk of spring water leaking from the primary lining concrete 10 side to the secondary lining concrete side through the driving portion of the nail 11, and the waterproofing of the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment is reliable.

Furthermore, a small adhesive part 9 is formed on the lower surface side of the main body 2 corresponding to the frame 3, but since this adhesive part 9 has a large mechanical strength, the waterproof sheet 1 is not attached to the primary lining concrete 10. When fixed to the peripheral wall with nails 11, there is no accident that the waterproof sheet 1 is torn at the driving part of the nails 11 and falls off from the inner peripheral wall of the concrete 10.

In addition, the heads of lock bolts normally used when placing primary lining concrete often protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the primary lining concrete 10, and the waterproof sheet is often damaged by the heads of these lock bolts. In order to prevent this, conventionally the head has been covered with a non-woven fabric, but this is time consuming. On the other hand, according to the waterproof sheet of this embodiment, it can be attached to the inner circumferential wall of the primary lining concrete 10 as is, and in this case, only a portion of the water-permeable sheet 7 is damaged, but the sheet main body 2 is not damaged. Therefore, installing the tarpaulin sheet is easy.

Furthermore, after placing the secondary lining concrete, tension is applied to the waterproof sheet due to the pressure of the ground, but in the case of a conventional waterproof sheet in which nonwoven fabric is bonded to the entire surface of the sheet, the sheet itself stretches. Since a nonwoven fabric with relatively high elongation but low elongation is adhesively formed on the entire surface, the nonwoven fabric is damaged and the sheet itself is damaged. On the contrary,
According to the waterproof sheet 1 of this embodiment, even if the water permeable sheet 7 made of non-woven fabric or the like having a relatively small degree of elongation is damaged by the pressure of the earth, it is point-adhered to the main body 2 of the impermeable base sheet. Since the water-impermeable base sheet main body 2 expands with the pressure of the ground, the waterproof sheet 1 is less likely to be damaged. Moreover, since the frame body 3 is coated with fluorescent paint, the driving location of the nail 11 can be easily confirmed even in a relatively dimly lit tunnel, resulting in good workability.

Furthermore, when manufacturing the waterproof sheet 1, when the frame body 3 is heat-fused to the upper surface of the sheet main body 2,
While the frame body 3 is fused to the upper surface of the sheet main body 3,
Since the lower surface of the sheet main body 2 and the water permeable sheet 7 facing thereto are simultaneously thermally bonded by residual heat passing through the sheet main body 2, the manufacturing process is simplified and manufacturing efficiency is improved.

In this embodiment, the adhesive portions 9 of the frame body 3 are provided on both sides of the sheet main body 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and in some cases, the frame body 3 is not provided and the heat-fusible material 6 is can also be provided directly on the other surface of the main body of the sheet. Furthermore, when fixing the waterproof sheet 1 to the inner peripheral wall of the primary lining concrete 10, nails 1 are
The means for forming the coating 13 covering the head 12 of 1 also includes:
The method is not limited to injecting the heated and melted heat-fusible material 6, but for example, heating the vicinity of the head 12 of the nail 11 driven through the heat-fusible material in the frame 3 with a burner etc. The substance 6 may be melted so that the heat-fusible substance 6 becomes fluid and covers the head 12, and various other modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the composite waterproof sheet of the present invention, spring water from the primary lining concrete side flows down inside the water permeable sheet and between the unbonded parts of the water permeable sheet and the main body of the water impermeable base sheet. Therefore, the amount of permeation of spring water is large. Furthermore, since the head of fixing members such as nails can be covered with the heat-adhesive material layer formed on the other side of the main sheet, the waterproofness is complete and the secondary lining concrete is completely waterproof. It has the advantage that water leakage to the side is completely prevented.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a cross-sectional front view of the same example along the - line, Figure 3 is a partially omitted cross-sectional side view showing how the same example is fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the primary lining concrete, and Figure 4 is a waterproof sheet installed. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of a tunnel lining part, and is a partially omitted cross-sectional view showing the manner in which a conventional waterproof sheet is fixed to lining concrete. 1...Composite waterproof sheet, 2...Sheet main body, 6
... Heat-fusible substance, 7 ... Water-permeable sheet, 9 ...
Adhesive part, 10...Primary lining concrete.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Disposed between the primary lining concrete and secondary lining concrete of the tunnel, to prevent spring water from the primary lining concrete side from seeping into the secondary lining concrete side. In a waterproof sheet, a water-permeable sheet is partially adhered to one side of the main body of the impermeable base sheet at multiple points, and a fixing member such as a nail is attached to the other side of the water-impermeable base sheet at corresponding locations. A waterproof sheet characterized by forming a layer of a heat-fusible material. 2. The waterproof sheet according to claim 1, wherein the heat-fusible material layer is provided at the bonding location between the water-permeable sheet and the water-impermeable base sheet. 3. The waterproof sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat-fusible substance is filled in a frame bonded to the other surface of the main body of the water-impermeable base sheet.