JPH04113115A - waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial field of application The present invention is used for processing waste such as kitchen garbage, combustible garbage, human waste, etc. generated at home or in business. There are two types of waste processing equipment: mechanical processing equipment called disposers and combustion processing equipment called incinerators.
Mechanical processing equipment, or disposers, use a rotating flywheel to blow away waste, crush it with a shredder, crush it with a hammer, and dispose of it by discharging it into the sewer system.On the other hand, combustion-type processing equipment In other words, there are two types of incinerators: batch combustion furnaces that burn stagnation intermittently, and continuous combustion furnaces that move waste one after another into the furnace using a belt and burn it continuously.Which combustion furnace L Gas fuel or liquid fuel Problems that the present invention aims to solve by using a method of burning waste in a burner and incinerating the waste using the combustion heat.The conventional waste treatment equipment has the following problems:

Disposers are powerful machines that mechanically process garbage into small pieces. Eggshells, seashells, fibers, etc., are not decomposed and, when flushed into the sewer, contain a large amount of solids in the wastewater, which can clog the sewer. In contrast, incinerators are unique in that they can handle various types of waste at once, significantly reduce the amount of waste left to be processed, and completely kill pathogenic bacteria. (As a result, the structure is complicated, the equipment is large, combustion control is difficult, and smoke and odors are easily generated. Although methods have been used to remove harmful components contained in exhaust gas using catalytic action, the gas generated from the thermal decomposition of macromolecular components such as proteins and carbohydrates contained in kitchen waste, etc., can be treated with a catalyst. is difficult, the size of the catalyst becomes large,
There is a problem in that the durability of the catalyst decreases due to the high temperature of the catalyst.The present invention has a simple structure and solves the problem. Means for Solving the Problem A combustion chamber consisting of a primary combustion chamber for storing waste and a secondary combustion chamber located downstream thereof, and means for heating the waste; 2
It consists of a catalyst located downstream of the next combustion chamber and a blowing means that supplies combustion air to the combustion chamber, and heats the waste so that the temperature of the waste is between 00℃ and 300℃. .

The effect of this technical means is to configure the supply path of the primary air to be supplied to the primary combustion chamber so that it does not come into direct contact with the space above the waste and the primary air or the waste. become that way.

At the beginning and end of pyrolysis, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated is small, so it is difficult to combust it with flame in the secondary combustion chamber, so it is necessary to treat it with a catalyst installed downstream of the secondary combustion chamber. Temperature of waste is 100℃ or more 300℃
The heating amount of the waste heating means is controlled so that it can be set within the following range, so the temperature of the waste is 10
Combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition in the range of 0° C. or higher and 300° C. or lower can be relatively easily treated with a catalyst. Therefore, the size of the catalyst is small, and there is no need to raise the temperature of the catalyst to a high temperature, which improves the durability of the catalyst.

Also, immediately after the waste is stored in the primary combustion chamber, oxygen exists around the waste. As the waste is heated and dried, water vapor is generated from the waste, and the area around the waste becomes filled with water vapor, creating an oxygen-free condition. The route is set so that the space above the waste and the L primary air do not come into direct contact with the waste. When primary air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber, the atmosphere of the waste is constantly kept in an anoxic state during the waste heating process. This initiative suppresses spontaneous combustion of waste during heating.
Suppresses the rapid rise in temperature of waste caused by spontaneous combustion
It is possible to prevent the generation of thermal decomposition gas that reduces the activity of the catalyst.

EXAMPLE Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, waste material 2 is stored inside a primary combustion chamber l. The inside of the primary combustion chamber 1 is lined with. 1 in the upper part of the primary combustion chamber 1 and above the waste 2.
A heater 5 is installed on the outer wall of the primary combustion chamber 1, and the waste 2 is removed by energizing the heater 5. Can be heated. A secondary combustion chamber 6 is connected downstream of the primary combustion chamber 1.
The combustible gas generated from the waste 2 is combusted with flame in the secondary combustion chamber 6.A secondary air chamber 7 is provided outside the secondary combustion chamber 6.Furthermore, a heater 8 for heating the catalyst is installed inside the secondary air chamber 7. The secondary air is heated by a catalyst heating heater 8, and the high-temperature secondary air heats the catalyst 9 provided downstream of the secondary combustion chamber 6.

The interior of the secondary combustion chamber 6 is divided into a plurality of combustion chambers.
An ignition heater 10 is provided near the primary combustion chamber l of the chamber.

A temperature detection unit 11 is provided in the primary combustion chamber 1 to detect the temperature of the waste 2. The temperature detection unit 11 may be attached in direct contact with the waste 2 as in this embodiment, or it may be installed to indirectly detect the temperature of the waste 2. The temperature of the waste 2 can be detected by detecting temperature, light, etc. with a sensor or the like.

In this embodiment, a thermocouple is used.
The signal No. 1 is sent to the temperature controller 12, which controls the amount of electricity applied to the heater 5 so that the temperature of the waste material 2 reaches a set value.

The amount of electricity supplied to the catalyst heating heater 8 at the time of startup is to raise the temperature of the catalyst 9 to the activation temperature in advance. When the catalyst 9 reaches the activation temperature, the heater 5 starts to be energized and the blower 13 supplies combustion air to the primary combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 6.

The temperature of the waste 2 is increased by the heater 5, the moisture in the waste 2 evaporates, and the waste 2 begins to dry. The evaporated moisture is discharged from the exhaust stack 14. Waste 2 has finished drying
When the waste 2 is further heated, the waste 2 thermally decomposes and generates flammable gas. This pyrolysis gas is flame-combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 6. However, at the beginning and end of pyrolysis, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated is small;
It is difficult to carry out flame combustion within the secondary combustion chamber 6, so the catalyst 9 provided downstream of the secondary combustion chamber 6 is used to process the combustion.

When heating the waste material 2, the temperature of the waste material 2 is monitored by a signal from the temperature detection section]l, and then the waste material 2 is heated. The temperature of waste 2 can be set within the range of 100℃ or higher and 300℃ or lower.The temperature controller 12 controls the amount of heating of heater 5. Waste materials such as garbage contain many polymeric components such as proteins and carbohydrates. Figure 2 shows the results of measuring the purification properties of platinum group catalysts during the heating process when poultry, whose main component is protein, is thermally decomposed. Figure 2 shows the measurement results for cabbage, whose main component is carbohydrates. Shown in Figure 3. From these figures, the temperature of the decomposed product is 300℃.
If the temperature exceeds 300°C, the purification properties of the catalyst will deteriorate significantly. That's true.

Therefore, by utilizing this phenomenon, the temperature of the waste material 2 can be set within the range of 100°C to 300°C. It becomes relatively easy to treat the combustible gas generated by thermal decomposition with the catalyst 9.For this reason, the size of the catalyst 9 can be made much smaller than before.Furthermore, the temperature of the catalyst 9 can be lowered compared to the conventional one. Since the temperature can be kept considerably lower than that of the catalyst, the durability of the catalyst 9 can be dramatically improved.

Furthermore, the supply path of the primary air supplied to the primary combustion chamber 1 is connected to the space above the waste 2 so that the primary air does not come into direct contact with the waste 2. When the primary air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber 1, the following A similar effect is added.

Immediately after starting heating of waste 2 (main) Oxygen exists around waste 2. As waste 2 is heated and dried, water vapor is generated from waste 2; Therefore, during the heating process of waste 2, the atmosphere of waste 2 becomes constantly anoxic.
It is possible to suppress spontaneous ignition of the waste material 2 and to suppress a sudden rise in temperature of the waste 2 due to spontaneous ignition.

For this reason, generation of thermal decomposition gas that is difficult to purify with the catalyst 9 can be prevented.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, a separate waste storage container 15 is provided in the primary combustion chamber 1, and the waste 2 is stored therein, so that the primary air port 4 is connected to the upper part of the primary combustion chamber 1. In addition, the primary air does not come into direct contact with the waste 2 without being provided above the waste 2.

Therefore, the atmosphere of the waste material 2 can be kept in an oxygen-free state during the heating process.

Next, an embodiment in which microwaves are used as the heating means will be described with reference to FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, waste 2 is stored inside a primary combustion chamber 1. magnetron 1
6 is connected to the primary combustion chamber 1 via a waveguide 17. Microwaves of 2540 MHz are transmitted from the magnetron 16, pass through the waveguide 17, and are irradiated to the primary combustion chamber l. A microwave transmitting member 18 is provided at the connection portion between the waveguide 17 and the primary combustion chamber l to protect the transmitting portion of the magnetron 16.

The blower 13 supplies cooling air to the magnetron 16, and branches some of the air through branch pipes 1' and 20.
Primary air and secondary air are supplied to the primary combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 6, respectively. A temperature detection section 11 is provided to detect the temperature of the waste 2.

At startup, the catalyst heater 8 is energized to raise the temperature of the catalyst 9 to the activation temperature in advance. When the catalyst 9 reaches the activation temperature, the magnetron 16 is energized and the blower 13 is heated.
Combustion air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 6 from 4. The temperature of the waste 2 increases due to the microwaves, the moisture in the waste 2 evaporates, and the waste 2 begins to dry. The evaporated water is diluted with the cooling air of the magnetron 16 and discharged from the exhaust stack 14. Waste 2 has finished drying
When the waste 2 is further irradiated with microwaves, the waste 2 reaches a high temperature and is thermally decomposed to generate flammable gas. This pyrolysis gas is flame-combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 6. However, since the amount of pyrolysis gas generated is small at the beginning and end of pyrolysis, it is difficult to combust it with flame in the secondary combustion chamber 6, so it is decided to treat it using the catalyst 9 installed downstream of the secondary combustion chamber 6. Become.

When the waste 2 is irradiated with microwaves, the temperature of the waste 2 is monitored by a signal from the temperature detection section 11 and the waste 2 is heated. The temperature of the waste 2 can be set within the range of 100°C or more and 300°C or less.The temperature controller 12 controls the amount of electricity supplied to the magnetron 16.For this reason, the flammable gas generated by thermal decomposition of the waste 2 is catalyzed. 9 is relatively easy to process.
For this reason, the size of the catalyst 9 can be made much smaller than conventional catalysts, and the temperature of the catalyst 9 can be made considerably lower than that of conventional catalysts, which dramatically increases the durability of the catalyst 9. Even more waste can be improved
If waste 2 is treated using microwaves when metal objects such as forks and spoons are mixed in, the metal objects will receive the microwaves and generate sparks. Since the primary air port 4 is provided at the upper part of the primary combustion chamber 1 and above the waste 2, primary air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber so that the primary air does not come into direct contact with the waste 2. For this reason, during the microwave heating process, the atmosphere of the waste 2 is constantly in an oxygen-free state. Therefore, even if it is possible to suppress the spontaneous ignition of waste 2 due to sparks generated by microwaves on the surface of metal objects during drying, the effect of the invention The present invention prevents the waste from being thermally decomposed and generated. It is relatively easy to treat combustible gases with a catalyst, which allows the size of the catalyst to be much smaller than before, and also allows the temperature of the catalyst to be much lower than that of conventional catalysts. As a result, the durability of the catalyst can be dramatically improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the purification characteristics of the platinum group catalyst during the heating process for poultry meat. Figure 3 shows the purification characteristics of the platinum group catalyst during the heating process for cabbage. 1. Primary combustion chamber 2. Disposal 4. Primary air unit 5. Heating 6. Secondary combustion chamber 9...Touch! II... Temperature detection section 13... Air blower a16...
・Magnetron, 17... Waveguide.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A combustion chamber consisting of a primary combustion chamber that stores waste and a secondary combustion chamber located downstream thereof, a means for heating the waste, and a catalyst located downstream of the secondary combustion chamber; and a blowing means for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber, so that the temperature of the waste is 100°C or more and 300°C or less,
A waste treatment device characterized in that the heating amount of the heating means is set. (2) Supply route of combustion air supplied to the primary combustion chamber,
The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the space is above the waste. (3) The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein microwaves are used as the heating means.