JPH0412177B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention adsorbs and purifies harmful metal ions and odors in various waste liquids discharged from factories, etc., and also purifies odors such as domestic wastewater such as human waste. It relates to additives added to main raw materials such as coal fly ash in order to produce adsorbents that adsorb .

Prior Art Conventionally, activated carbon has been used as an adsorbent for metal ions and odors, and synthetic zeolite has been used as an adsorbent for metal ions.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, activated carbon and synthetic zeolite require time and effort to produce and are expensive. Additionally, activated carbon has poor adsorption efficiency in liquid. Therefore, it costs a huge amount of money to treat a large amount of various waste liquids and domestic wastewater, so the current situation is that they are discharged untreated and cause pollution by contaminating lakes, rivers, and the sea.

Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an additive that can easily produce an adsorbent that can efficiently adsorb metal ions and odors, and that can reduce costs. .

Means for Solving the Problems The technical means of the present invention for solving the above problems is to use a primary additive in which ammonium chloride and potassium chloride are mixed and powdered, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, and sodium chloride. , a secondary additive in which calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, citric acid and cobalt chloride are mixed and powdered;
It consists of a tertiary additive made of powdered potassium permanganate.

And 1000kg of coal flyash, which is the main raw material.
and ammonium chloride for 50~200Kg of cement.
0.04-0.05%, potassium chloride 0.07-0.095%, magnesium chloride 0.015-0.02%, sodium chloride
0.015-0.02%, calcium chloride 0.015-0.02%,
Sodium sulfate 0.001-0.002%, citric acid 0.0005
~0.001%, cobalt chloride 0.0001~0.0002%, potassium permanganate 0.002~0.01%, and ammonium chloride as the primary additive.
0.04-0.05% and potassium chloride 0.05-0.07% are mixed and powdered, and as secondary additives potassium chloride 0.02-0.025% and magnesium chloride 0.015-0.02
%, sodium chloride 0.015-0.02%, calcium chloride 0.015-0.02%, sodium sulfate 0.001-0.002
%, citric acid 0.0005-0.001% and cobalt chloride
Mix and powder 0.0001~0.0002%, and as a tertiary additive, potassium permanganate 0.002~0.01%
is powdered.

By mixing coal fly ash with ammonium chloride and potassium chloride, which are primary additives, the electric charge held by the fine coal fly ash containing water is desorbed, and by mixing the coal fly ash with an aqueous solution of cement, the cement becomes a liquid phase. In addition to activating the calcium ion reaction, humic acid, which is a polymer compound that inhibits the cement solidification reaction, is removed by reacting with ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, and citric acid, and is the main component of coal fly ash. _SiO2 , _{Al2O3 ,}
The particles of MgO, K, and Na react with the calcium in the cement to perform its original function. By imparting permeability to calcium ions in the cement through the action of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the hardened material becomes a continuous porous material, which is the opposite of a solidified cement product. At this time, by reacting calcium chloride with cement, the setting time of cement can be shortened, by reacting calcium ions with magnesium chloride, shrinkage of cement can be prevented, and by using cobalt chloride, the above-mentioned Each reaction can be activated. The chemical composition of this continuous porous body is 50-70% _SiO2 ,
Al ₂ O ₃ 10-30%, MgO2-3%, CaO10-20%,
It is 5 to 10% Na and is connected three-dimensionally while sharing the oxygen atoms at the vertices of the SiO ₄ tetrahedron, and the pore diameter is 10 Å.
At ~300Å, the specific surface area is 10m ² /g ~ 15m ² /g,
By replacing some of the Si with Al, a -1 valent charge is generated, which is neutralized.
It becomes an aluminum silicate compound that contains cations such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , and Ca ⁺⁺ inside. Potassium permanganate is supported on the surface of this continuous porous material, which prevents odor from leaving and increases the specific surface area of the continuous porous material.

Here, if ammonium chloride is less than 0.04%, each component except potassium permanganate will be difficult to dissolve, and if it is more than 0.05%, the strength of the continuous porous body will decrease. If the total amount of potassium chloride is less than 0.07%, the cement's ability to penetrate calcium ions will be poor;
If the amount exceeds 0.095%, not only will it be difficult to dissolve, but the effect of imparting permeability to calcium ions will not improve. If magnesium chloride is less than 0.015%, shrinkage cracks will occur in the continuous porous material, and if it is more than 0.02%, the continuous porous material will expand. sodium chloride
If it is less than 0.015%, the cement's ability to penetrate calcium ions will be poor, and if it is more than 0.02%, it will not only be difficult to dissolve, but the effect of imparting penetration power to calcium ions will not improve. Calcium chloride is 0.015
If it is less than 0.02%, the strength of the continuous porous body cannot be enhanced, and if it is more than 0.02%, there is a risk that the continuous porous body will be destroyed due to water breaking phenomenon. If sodium sulfate is less than 0.001%, the cement cannot be hardened rapidly, and if it is more than 0.002%, the long-term stability of the cement strength is poor. Citric acid is 0.0005
If it is less than 0.001%, it will be difficult to dissolve each component except potassium permanganate, and if it is more than 0.001%, the strength of the continuous porous body will decrease. If cobalt chloride is less than 0.0001%, it will not be possible to activate the ionic activity of each component except potassium permanganate, and if it is more than 0.0002%, not only will the effect not be improved, but it will also be expensive. If potassium permanganate is less than 0.002%, the oxidizing ability will be poor, and if it is more than 0.01%, the effect will not improve.

In addition, if the SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ components contained in coal fly ash, which is the main raw material, are insufficient, they can be replenished with clay, and if it is necessary to increase the strength of a continuous porous body, it can be used as aggregate. Sand may be used; in this case, the sand is
It is desirable to use 20-40% for 1000Kg.

Function The adsorbent additive of the present invention uses coal fly ash, cement, etc. as the main raw material, and is constructed into a continuous porous body with micropores and macropores, which allows water and air to circulate well, and also improves overall performance. It is possible to produce an adsorbent that has large voids, that is, a large specific surface area, and that electrically captures cations such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , and Ca ⁺⁺ . Various metal ions contained in the waste liquid, etc. that are in contact with the adsorbent produced in this way enter many micropores and macropores, and are separated from the electrically captured cations. It is ion-exchanged and adsorbed. For example, when a solution containing Ca ⁺⁺ ions comes into contact with the above adsorbent that electrically captures Na ⁺ ions, the following exchange reaction occurs.

2A→Na ⁺ +Ca ⁺⁺ →A ₂ Ca+2Na In addition, the above adsorbent has a large specific surface area of 10 to 15 m ² /g due to micropores and macropores, so
Odors in waste liquids and the like also enter the large number of micropores and macropores and are adsorbed, and potassium permanganate can prevent the adsorbed odors from leaving.

The reaction formula of the above adsorbent for alkaline malodorous components and acidic malodorous components is shown below.

[Reaction formula for alkaline malodorous components]

NH ₃ +A-H→NH ₄ -A (CH ₃ ) ₃ +A-H→(CH ₃ ) ₃ NH-A H ₂ S+B-OH→B-HS+H ₂ O CH ₃ SH+B-OH→CH ₃ S-B+H ₂ O [Reaction formula for acidic malodorous components] NO+KMnO ₄ →KNO ₃ +MnO ₂ 3H ₂ S+8KMnO ₄ →3K ₂ SO ₄ +8MnO ₂ +2KOH+2H ₂ O CH ₃ SH+2KMnO ₄ →CH ₃ SO ₃ K+2MnO ₂ +KOH 3 (CH ₃ ) ₂ S+4KMn O ₄ +2H ₂ O → 3(CH ₃ ) ₂ SO ₂ +4MnO ₂ +4KOH Example Ammonium chloride for 1000Kg of coal flyash, 125Kg of Portland cement, and 300Kg of sand
400Kg, total amount of potassium chloride 900g, magnesium chloride 175g, sodium chloride 175g, calcium chloride 175g, sodium sulfate 15g, citric acid 7.5
g, cobalt chloride 1.5 g, potassium permanganate
As primary additives, 400g of ammonium chloride and 600g of potassium chloride were mixed and powdered, and as secondary additives, 300g of potassium chloride and 175g of magnesium chloride were selected.
g, sodium chloride 175g, calcium chloride 175g
g, 15 g of sodium sulfate, 7.5 g of citric acid and 1.5 g of cobalt chloride were mixed and powdered, and 50 g of potassium permanganate was powdered as a tertiary additive.

An adsorbent was manufactured in the following manner using the above blending ratio.

Dissolve 1000 kg of coal fry ash, 400 g of primary additives ammonium chloride and 600 g of potassium chloride, which have been mixed and powdered, in 150 g of water, mix with a mixer, and mix at 20°C (appropriate selection between 5 and 80°C). dry) to neutralize the coal fly ash. Next, as a secondary treatment, 300 kg of sand was added to and mixed with the coal fly ash after the above primary treatment, and then 125 kg of Portland cement was added and mixed. Next, 300g of potassium chloride and magnesium chloride were mixed and powdered as secondary additives.
175g, sodium chloride 175g, calcium chloride
175 g, sodium sulfate 15 g, citric acid 7.5 g, and cobalt chloride 1.5 g are dissolved in 100 g of water to make an aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution is added by spraying into the mixer during the above mixing, mixed and heated to 80°C (5 g). ~80
(Curing can be accelerated by increasing the temperature). This made it possible to form a continuous porous body. Next, as a tertiary treatment, 50 g of powdered tertiary additive potassium permanganate was dissolved in 100% water and added to this continuous porous body, mixed with a mixer, and treated at 20°C (5 to 80°C as appropriate). An adsorbent supporting potassium permanganate could be produced by drying the adsorbent (which can be used with

The adsorbent produced in this way, when mixed and dried during the secondary treatment, is as shown in the electron micrograph (4200x) combined with X-rays shown in Figure 1, which is shown in Figure 2. After going through the growth process shown in the electron micrograph (19,000x), it becomes a continuous porous body as shown in the electron micrograph (19,000x) shown in Figure 3.
This continuous porous body is schematically shown in Figure 4, and this continuous porous body 1 is three-dimensionally connected while sharing the oxygen atoms at the vertices of the SiO ₄ tetrahedron, and the pores 2 (small ), 3 (large) had a diameter of 10 Å to 300 Å and a specific surface area of 10 to 15 m ² /g. Since the specific surface area of coal fly ash is 0.9 to 1 m ² /g, this could be significantly increased.

Next, an example in which a metal ion adsorption test was conducted using the continuous porous body produced in the above example will be explained (since potassium permanganate attached to the surface of the continuous porous body does not affect the adsorption of metal ions, This was tested without any attachment.)

[First test example] Experimental solution (unit: ppm) PH4.45 Cu Zn Al ₂ O ₃ MgO 24.30 21.90 45.25 18.90 The above experimental solution was placed in a container that had a discharge port at the bottom and contained the continuous porous body (adsorbent). was supplied and discharged from the outlet, and the amount of adsorption and exchange in the continuous porous body was measured. The results are as follows.

Adsorption exchange amount Cu Zn Al ₂ O ₃ MgO 3 days 2528 1001 452 14 days 99100 31900 63900 12200 The adsorption exchange state of Cu and Zn on the 14th day was taken at 300x using an electron microscope combined with As shown in FIG.

[Second test example] Experimental solution (unit: ppm) Cu Zn Pb 19.73 9.77 0.03 The above experimental solution was supplied to a container that had a discharge port at the bottom and housed the continuous porous material, and was discharged from the discharge port, and then poured into another container. The results of detecting the water components received by the container are as follows.

Water component Cu Zn Pb 0.98 0.68 0.002 As is clear from this, the amounts of Cu, Zn, and Pb contained in the liquid are lower than the standard values.

The above adsorbent can also adsorb metal ions other than the metal ions shown in the above test example. As an example, the adsorption state of Ca and Mn is shown in a photograph taken using an electron microscope with X-rays at 300x magnification. are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. Further, FIG. 9 shows a photograph taken with an electron microscope at a magnification of 300 times of the surface of the continuous porous body in which each of the metal ions has been adsorbed.

Effects of the Invention In summary, the present invention can be easily produced by simply mixing and drying an adsorbent that can efficiently adsorb metal ions and odors in waste liquid, etc. with a main raw material such as coal fly ash. So,
It can be provided at a low cost, and waste liquid can be treated at a cost several tenths of that of conventional methods, helping to prevent pollution in lakes, rivers, and the sea, which can only be solved in large quantities.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an electron micrograph taken with X-rays at a magnification of 4200x, showing the state in which each component is mixed and dried as a continuous porous body during the production of an adsorbent using the additives of the present invention, and Figure 2 is the growth process. Figure 3 shows the continuous porous material after growth.
19000x electron micrograph, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram,
Figures 5 to 8 are electron micrographs taken together with X-rays at a magnification of 300 times, showing the state in which Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mn are adsorbed by the continuous porous bodies shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively, and Figure 9 is This is a 300x electron micrograph showing the surface of a continuous porous material adsorbed with Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mn.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A primary additive in which ammonium chloride and potassium chloride are mixed and powdered, and potassium chloride,
It is characterized by consisting of a secondary additive in which magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, citric acid and cobalt chloride are mixed and powdered, and a tertiary additive in which potassium permanganate is powdered. Additive for metal ion adsorbents.