JPH0645218B2 - Product effective in blocking penetration of foreign impacts - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention includes a network of fibers or yarns,
The present invention relates to a product effective for preventing penetration of foreign impacts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Ballistic resistant articles, or impact resistant articles, containing high strength fibers such as bulletproof chisels, curtains, mats, raincoats and bulks are known. Commonly used fibers include aramid (ar such as poly (phenylene diamine terephthalamide) fiber).
amid) fibers, nylon fibers, glass fibers and similar fibers. Fibers are used in the form of woven or knitted fabrics for many applications, such as chopsticks or parts.

J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem. A7 (1), pages 295-322 (1973
"The Application of High Modulus Fibers to Ballis" by RC Laible et al., "The Application of High Modulus Fibers to Ballis"
tic protection) ”, page 298, shows that it is an important requirement that the fiber material have a high degree of heat resistance. For example, a polyamide material with a melting point of 255 ° C. has equivalent tensile properties. Although it has a lower melting point, it seems to have better impact properties on impact than polyolefin fibers.

Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics (Ba
"Fibrousarmor" of llistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics [Elsevier Schie
ntific Publishing Co.), 1980] provides an overview of impact resistance of various fabrics. Reble discloses that among the various silk fabrics, the increase in impact resistance of the fabric with lower areal density to .22 caliber fragments is small. See especially pages 73-90. Jie
NT by Doubly S Hearle (JWSHearle)
IS. Acquisition (NTIS Acquisition) No.AD A127641
(1981) "Ballistic Impact Resistance of Multi-Lay
er Textile Fabrics) ”discloses that nylon fabrics having a higher areal density showed higher impact resistance. The findings of R. Sarson [11th Common Wealth・ Defence Conference on Operation Crotch Swing and Convert Equipment (11th Commonwealth
Defense Cenference on Operational Clothing and Com
bat Equipment), India, 1975] was in agreement with the findings of Hial and others. Weine
r) etc. US Army Natick Skull and Day Command Ma (USArmy Natick
R & D Command Ma.) (1950) “Materials Evaluation Report (Materials Evaluation R)
eport) No. 2781 ”, it was found that the areal density of the fabric does not have a significant effect on the impact resistance. NTIS / Acquisition No. AD A090390 by Figucis
(1980) “Energy Absorption
Energy Absorption of Kevlar Fabrics
"Under Ballistic Impact" discloses a limited study using Kevlar fabrics, whereby impact resistance increased with decreasing areal density of the fabric.
However, these results cannot be easily interpreted because the woven tie of the fabric was not held constant.

It is therefore clear that there is no generally applicable relationship between the areal density and impact resistance of fabrics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an improved, flexible, impact resistant "soft" (so
ft) "fabric armor. This fabric provides extended-chained polyethylene (ECPE) fibers and extended chain polypropylene (EC).
P) high strength chain-extended polyolefin (ECP) fiber, chain-extended polyvinyl alcohol (PV)
A) Composed of at least one network layer of fibers and chain-extended polyacrylonitrile fibers. The fibers may be used as such, or they may be arranged and textured to form a yarn. Fineness of fiber or yarn is about 500
It is less than or equal to denier and has a tensile modulus of at least about 200 g / denier. This fiber or yarn is used to form a fabric. The fibers or yarns of this fabric are optionally coated with a low modulus elastomeric material having a tensile modulus of less than or equal to about 6,000 psi (41,300 KPa).

Although the fabric of the present invention uses a lower weight of protective material as compared to conventional impact resistant fabric structures, it can advantageously provide some selected level of ballistic protection. On the other hand, the fabric of the invention, on the other hand, provides high impact protection when the product of the invention has a weight equal to the weight of the parts of the flexible fabric type soft armor normally made. You can

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For the purposes of the present invention, a fiber is of elongated form, the length dimension of which is much greater than the transverse dimensions of width and thickness. Thus, the term fiber is intended to include monofilament and multifilament fibers, ribbons, strips and similar elongated bodies having regular or irregular cross sections.

The impact resistant fabric of the present invention is made of high-strength ultra-high molecular weight chain-extended polyolefin (ECP) fiber, chain-extended polyvinyl alcohol (P
VA) fibers and chain-extended polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and at least one layer of network. Fibers can be arranged and organized to form yarns. However, the yarn has a fineness of about 500 denier or less, and the yarn has a tensile modulus of at least about 200 g / denier. A fabric can be formed using this yarn.

To further improve the impact resistance of the fabric, the fibers and yarns preferably have a fineness of about 300 denier or less, more preferably about 250 denier or less. In addition, the fibers and yarns preferably have a tensile modulus of at least about 1200 g / denier, more preferably at least about 1800 g / denier.

In another aspect of the invention, the network fibers or yarns are coated with a low modulus elastomeric material comprising an elastomer to provide improved impact resistance. The elastomeric material has a tensile modulus of less than or equal to about 6,000 psi (41,300 KPa), measured at about 23 ° C. Preferably, the tensile modulus of the elastomeric material is about
5,000psi (34.500KPa) or less, more preferably about 1,000ps
i (6,900 KPa) or less, and most preferably about 5
Below 00 psi (3,450 KPa), it provides further improved performance. The elastomeric material has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the elastomer (as evidenced by the elongation and a sharp decrease in elasticity of the material) of about 0 ° C or less. Preferably, the Tg of the elastomer is about -40 ° C or less, more preferably about -50 ° C or less. The elastomer is also (about 23
It has an elongation at break of at least about 50% (measured in ° C). Preferably, the elongation at break is at least about 100%, and more preferably about 300% to provide improved performance.

U.S. Pat.No. 4,457,985 discusses high tenacity, high molecular weight chain-extended polyolefin fibers for use in the present invention, and therefore the disclosure of this patent is cited and referenced to the extent not inconsistent with the present invention. . More specifically, suitable polyethylene fibers have a molecular weight of at least 500.
000, preferably at least 1 million, more preferably 2 to 5 million. Such chain-extended polyethylene (ECPE) fibers are known as Meihuze.
n) et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4.137.394, or Kavesh et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4.356.138, issued Oct. 26, 1982, to grow in solution. And in U.S. Patent Application No. 572,607 (1982 1) filed Jan. 20, 1984, especially as described in West German Patent Publication No. 0,004.699 and British Patent No. 2,051,667.
Please refer to EPA 64.167 published on January 10).
It may also be a fiber obtained by spinning from solution to form a gel structure, as described in. Various properties can be imparted to the fibers depending on the forming technique, draw ratio and draw temperature, and other conditions. Fiber tenacity is generally at least 15 g / denier, preferably at least 20 g / denier, more preferably at least 2.
5 g / denier, most preferably at least 30 g / denier. Similarly, the tensile modulus of the fiber is at least 300 g / denier, preferably at least 500 g / denier, more preferably at least 1,000 g / denier, and most preferably at least 1,500 g / denier, as measured by an Instron Tensile Tester. These highest values for tensile modulus and tenacity can generally only be obtained by using solution growth or gel fiber forming methods. Many of these fibers have melting points above the melting point of the polymers that formed them. Thus, for example, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with molecular weights of 500,000, 1 million and 2 million are generally lumpy and have a melting point of 138 ° C. Highly oriented polyethylene fibers made from these materials are
It has a high melting point of ~ 13 ° C. Thus, the slight increase in melting point reflects the crystalline integrity of the fiber.
Nevertheless, the melting points of these fibers are still substantially lower than nylon, and thus their effectiveness for impact resistant products makes temperature resistance a critical factor in selecting impact resistant materials. It is contrary to the various teachings of the above cited references.

Similarly, highly oriented chain-extended polypropylene (ECPP) fibers having a molecular weight of at least 750.000, preferably at least 1 million, more preferably at least 2 million can be used. Such ultra-high-molecular-weight polypropylene is produced by the techniques described in various documents mentioned above, especially in 1984
It can be formed into reasonably well oriented fibers by the technique of US Pat. No. 5,72,607, such as Kabetsuyu et al., Filed on 20th March and commonly assigned. Since polypropylene is a much less crystalline material than polyethylene and contains pendant methyl groups, the strength values achievable with polypropylene are generally substantially lower than the corresponding values for polyethylene. Therefore, a suitable tenacity is at least 8 g / denier, preferably at least 11 g
/ It is denier. The tensile modulus for polypropylene is at least 160 g / denier, preferably at least 200 g / denier. The melting point of polypropylene is preferably at least 168 polypropylene fibers.
The orientation treatment generally raises by a few degrees so that it has a main melting point of 0.degree. With particularly preferred ranges of the above parameters, improved performance can be advantageously imparted to the final product.

As used herein, the terms polyethylene and polypropylene refer to a small percentage of chain-branched or backbone carbon atoms.
The modifying unit per 00 can contain an amount of the comonomer not exceeding 5, and the amount of the modifying unit is about 25 wt% or less.
One or more polymeric additives such as alken-1-
Polymers, especially low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing mono-olefin as the main monomer, oxidized polyolefin, grafted polyolefin copolymers and polyoxymethylenes, or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants. Means mainly predominantly linear polyethylenes and polypropylenes which may also be admixed with agents, lubricants, UV-screening agents, colorants and similar additives that are commonly compounded.

In the case of polyvinyl alcohol (PV-OH), PV-OH fibers having a molecular weight of at least about 500,000, preferably at least about 750,000, more preferably about 1,000,000 to about 4,000,000, and most preferably about 1,500.000 to about 2,500,000 are used in the present invention. You can Particularly useful PV-OH fibers have a modulus or modulus of at least about 300 g / denier, ie a modulus of at least about 7 g / denier (preferably at least about 10 g / denier, more preferably at least about 1).
4 g / denier, most preferably at least about 17 g /
Denier) strong and at least about 22 J / g
It should have a breaking line energy of. At least about 50
PV-OH fibers having a weight average molecular weight of 0,000, a modulus of at least about 300 g / denier, a tenacity of at least about 10 g / denier and an energy to break of at least about 22 diurnes / g are further useful in making impact resistant products. . PV-OH fiber with such properties is, for example, 19
It can be manufactured by the method disclosed in US Patent Application No. 569,818 to Kwon et al., Filed Jan. 11, 1984 and commonly assigned.

In the case of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), PAN fibers having a molecular weight of at least about 400,000, preferably at least 1,000,000 can be used. Particularly useful PAN fibers should have a tenacity of at least about 10 g / denier and an energy to break of at least about 22 juules / g. A molecular weight of at least about 400,000, at least about 15-20
High strength of g / denier and at least about 22 jeur / g
PAN fibers having a breaking energy of 10 are most useful in making impact resistant products. Such fibers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,027.

Due to the improved impact resistance of this fabric product, the fibers are
It preferably has a tensile modulus of at least about 500 g / denier, more preferably at least about 1,000 g / denier, and most preferably at least about 1,300 g / denier. Further, the ECP fiber is preferably at least about 22.
It has a breaking energy of J / g, more preferably at least about 50 J / g, and most preferably at least 55 J / g.

In the fabric of the present invention, the fiber network can take various fibers. For example, multiple fibers can be grouped together to form a twisted or untwisted yarn. These fibers or yarns can be formed into a network as felt, knitted or woven (such as those of plain weave, nanaco weave, satin and crow woven weaves) or by various conventional techniques. Can be formed. For example, the fibers may be conventionally formed into a woven or non-woven layer.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a multi-layer, elastomeric coated fiber network. Each of these layers individually retains the high flexibility characteristics of the fiber fabric and remains separate from each other. This multi-layer product exhibits the flexibility of a woven or plied fabric,
US patent application No. 6 pending for Harpel and others
91,048, "Impact resistant composite products (Ballisti
C Resistant Composite Article) "can be easily distinguished. Chiyotsuki and other clothing products made from the multilayer fabric made according to the present invention have good flexibility combined with excellent impact protection. And have comfort.

The flexibility of the impact resistant fabric structure of the present invention is demonstrated by the following test: A 30 cm square fabric sample composed of multiple fabric layers with a total areal density of 2 kg / m ² on one side. Oriented horizontally along and when clamped, it sags so that the opposite edge is at least 21 cm below the level on the clamp side.

Multi-layer fabrics can be sewn together to provide the desired level of impact protection, such as resisting multiple impact impacts. However, stitching can reduce the flexibility of the fabric.

The coated fibers can be arranged in a woven, non-woven or knitted fabric (in the same way as uncoated fibers). The fabric layers may be arranged in parallel rows and / or incorporated into a multilayer fabric product. Further, the fiber, which may be used alone or in combination with a coating agent, can be wound or connected by a conventional method.

The proportion of coating in the fabric depends on whether the coating material is impact resistant in itself (generally this case is not), and the desired stiffness, shape, heat resistance, abrasion resistance of the fabric, Depending on the flame resistance and other properties, it can vary from relatively small amounts (for example 0.1% by weight to the fibers) to relatively large amounts (for example 60% by weight to the fibers).
Generally, the impact resistant fabrics of the present invention containing coated fibers are:
Since impact resistance can be almost entirely attributed to the fibers, it should have a relatively low coverage (eg 0.1 to 30% by weight, based on the fibers). Nevertheless, coated fabrics with higher coating content can also be used.

The coating can be applied to the fibers in various ways. One method is to apply the pure resin of the coating material to the high modulus fibers drawn as either a liquid, a sticky solid or particles in suspension, or a fluidized bed. Alternatively, the coating can be applied as a solution or emulsion in a suitable solvent that does not adversely affect the properties of the fiber at the temperature of application. Although any liquid that can dissolve or disperse the coating polymer can be used, preferred solvents include water, paraffin oil, aromatic solvents or hydrocarbon-based solvents. Illustrative of particular solvents are paraffin oil, xylene, toluene and octane.
The methods used to dissolve or disperse coating polymers in solvents are conventional for coating similar elastomeric materials on a variety of substrates.

Other techniques of applying a coating to the fibers can also be used, including coating the high modulus precursor (gel fiber) prior to the hot drawing operation, before or after removing the solvent from the fiber. The fibers can then be drawn at elevated temperature to produce coated fibers. The gel fibers may be passed through a solution of a suitable coating polymer (solvent may be paraffin oil, aromatic or aliphatic solvent) under conditions which yield the desired coating. Crystallization of the high molecular weight polyethylene in the gel fibers may or may not occur before the fibers enter the cooling solution. Alternatively, the fibers may be extruded into a fluidized bed of suitable polymer powder.

If the fiber achieves its final properties only after a drawing operation or other processing step, such as solvent exchange, drying or similar processing, the coating shall be applied to the precursor.
In this embodiment, the desired and preferred tenacity, modulus and other properties for the fiber are determined by continuing the above processing steps on the fiber precursor in a manner comparable to that used for the coated fiber precursor. Should be. Thus, for example, when the coating is applied to the xerogel fibers described in U.S. Patent Application No. 57,2,607, such as Cabetsuyu, and the coated xerogel fibers are then drawn under the conditions of temperature and draw ratio specified, the fiber Applicable tenacity and modulus values appear to be those measured for similarly drawn uncoated xerogel fibers.

A preferred coating method is to form a network layer and then dip the network in a bath of a solution containing a low modulus elastomeric coating material. Evaporation of the solvent gives a fabric coated with an elastomeric material. The dipping operation can be repeated as needed to apply the desired amount of coating of elastomeric material to the fibers.

A wide variety of elastomeric materials and formulations can be used in the present invention. It is an essential requirement that this elastomeric material have a suitably low modulus. A representative example of a suitable elastomer for this elastomeric material is Elastomers-S, Elastomers-S, Volume 5, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science.
ynthetic) chapter (John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1964), having the structure, properties, and formulation outlined in this publication, along with the crosslinking procedure. There is. For example, any of the following materials can be used: polybutadiene / polyisoprene, natural rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, polysulfide polymers, polyurethane elastomers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene. , Polyvinyl chloride, butadiene-acrylonitrile elastomer, poly (isobutylene-coisoprene), plasticized with polychloroprene, dioctyl phthalate or other plasticizers well known in the art.
Polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, fluoroelastomer, silicone elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene copolymer.

A particularly useful elastomer is a block copolymer of a conjugated diene and a vinyl aromatic monomer. Butadiene and isoprene are the preferred conjugated diene elastomers. Styrene, vinyltoluene and t-butylstyrene are the preferred conjugated aromatic monomers. The block copolymer containing bound polyisoprene can be hydrogenated to produce a thermoplastic elastomer having saturated hydrocarbon elastomer segments. These polymers are ABA
Type of simple tri-block copolymer, (AB) n (n =
2-10) type multiblock copolymer or R- (B
A) x (x = 3 to 150) type radial arrangement (radial
configuration) copolymer. Here, A is a block from a polyvinyl aromatic monomer and B is a block from a conjugated diene elastomer. Many of these polymers are from Shell Chemical Company (Shell
Chemical Co.), and
"Kraton Thermoplastic Rubbur" by the bulletin
SC-68-81.

Most preferably, the elastomeric material comprises at least one of the above elastomers. This low modulus elastomeric material or filler, such as carbon black, silica, etc., may also be included and oil extended, and also sulfur, peroxide, metal oxide or radiation cured systems, rubber technology. The vulcanization can be carried out using a method known to those skilled in the art. Blends of various elastomeric materials may also be used and one or more elastomeric materials may be blended with one or more thermoplastic plastics. High-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and cotton-like low-density polyethylene can be cross-linked to obtain a matrix material having suitable properties, alone or as a blend. In all cases, the modulus of this coating is about
Do not exceed 6,000 psi (41,300 KPa), preferably about 5,000 psi (34,500 KPa) or less, more preferably 1,000 ps
i (6,900KPa) or less, most preferably 500psi (3,450KPa)
Pa) Below.

Coated yarns can be made by drawing a group of fibers through a solution of a low modulus elastomeric material to substantially coat each of the individual fibers and then evaporating the solvent. The yarn can then be used to form a coated fabric layer, and the fabric can in turn be used to form the desired multilayered fabric structure.

The multilayer fabric product can be constructed and arranged in various forms. The geo-mentry of such multi-layer fabrics is characterized by the geometry of the fibers, and the matrix material occupying the inter-layer regions of the fabric is then either substantially, whether it is elastomeric or not. It is convenient to indicate that there is no. One such suitable arrangement consists of a plurality of layers arranged, each layer being composed of coated fabric fibers arranged in a sheet-like arrangement, and wherein successive layers of such fabric are Is being rotated with respect to the layers of. An example of such a multilayer fabric structure is that the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer and the fifth layer are rotated + 45 °, −45 °, 90 ° and 0 ° with respect to the first layer. 5
A layered structure of layers. However, each rotation angle does not necessarily have to be in that order. Another example is a multilayer fabric in which alternating fabric layers are rotated 90 ° with respect to each other.

In various forms of the fabric of the present invention, the fiber network accounts for various percentages of the total volume of the fabric layer. Preferably, however, the fiber network is at least about 50% by volume, more preferably at least about 70% by volume, and most preferably at least about 90% by volume, based on the fabric layer.
Occupy Similarly, the volume percentage of low modulus elastomeric material in the fabric layer is preferably less than or equal to about 15 Vol%, more preferably less than or equal to about 10 Vol%, and most preferably less than or equal to about 5 Vol%.

The specific weight of the fabric layer is represented by areal density (AD). This areal density corresponds to the weight per unit area of the fabric layer. Preferably, the areal density of the fabric layer is about 0.3 kg / m ² or less, more preferably about 0.2 kg / m ² or less, and most preferably about 0.1 kg / m ^2.

Coated fabrics composed of strips or ribbons (fibers having an aspect ratio, i.e., a fiber width to thickness ratio of at least about 5) are more effective than other forms of fibers or yarns in making impact resistant products. Was found to be a target. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the strip has an aspect ratio of at least 50, preferably at least 10.
0, more preferably at least 150 for improved performance. Surprisingly, even if the ECPE strip material has the same denier but much lower tensile properties than the ECPE yarn material with a generally circular cross section, the impact resistance of the coated fabric made from the ECPE strip is high. The properties were significantly higher than the impact resistance of the coated fabric made from ECPE yarn.

In most screening studies on impact composites, a .22 caliber caliber non-deformable steel fragment of a specific weight (19 grains), hardness and dimensions [Mil-Spec. MIL-P-46593A (OR
D)] is used. A limited study was conducted using a .22 caliber lead bullets weighing 40 glens. The protective strength of a structure is usually represented by showing the impacting velocity at which 50% of the projectiles stop, designated as the V ₅₀ value.

Usually, the "soft" armor of flexible fabrics is a multilayer structure. The specific weight of a multilayer fabric product can likewise be expressed in areal density (AD). This areal density corresponds to the weight per unit area of the multilayer structure.

In order to compare structures with different V ₅₀ values and different areal densities, the following example illustrates the kinetic energy (%) of the projectile at a velocity of V ₅₀ relative to the areal density (kg / m ² ) (b) of the fabric ( This explains the ratio of (juille) (a). This ratio is referred to as Specific Energy Absorption (SEA).

The following examples are provided so that the invention might be more fully understood. The particular techniques, conditions, materials, proportions and data set forth herein to illustrate the principles of the invention are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example F-1 A plain weave fabric having a low areal density (0.1354 kg / m ² ) having a yarn of 70 yarns / inch (28 yarns / cm) in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions is formed from a non-twisted yarn sized with a low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol to a krombuton・ Crompton and Knowles Box loom. After weaving, the size was removed by washing in hot water (60 to 72 ° C). The yarn used to weave the fabric has a filament number of 19
Book, yarn denier 203den, module 1304g
/ Denier, strong 28.4g / denier, elongation 3.1%
And the breaking energy was 47 J / g. The target sample F-1 of the multi-layered woven fabric was composed of 13 layers of woven fabric and had a total areal density (A
D) It was 1.76 kg / m ² . Barrel clamp for tire cord, 10 inch gauge length (2
5.4 cm) and crosshead speed 10 inches / minute (25.
Instron Tester (Instron Test)
er).

Example F-2 118 filaments, yarn having a denier higher than about 1200 denier (moduloras 1250 g / denier, tenacity 30 g / denier and breaking energy 60 J / g)
(Displayed as SY-1) using areal density of about 0.3 kg / m ²
And a plain weave fabric with 28 yarns / inch (11 yarns / cm) was woven in the same manner as that used to weave fabric F-1. Six layers of this fabric were assembled to prepare impact target sample F-2.

Example F-3 34 * / inch (13.4 / cm) 2 * 2 basket woven fabric was woven from the standard yarn (SY-1) of the present invention. The yarn had about 1 twist / inch and was woven without sizing. The areal density of the woven fabric is 0.434 kg / m ² , and the target sample F-3 is composed of 12 layers of this woven fabric, and the areal density of 5.
It was 21 kg / m ² .

Example F-4 The fabric of this example has a yarn whose following properties are: 270 denier, 118 filament, module 70.
It was prepared in the same manner as in Example F-1 except that it had 0 g / denier, tenacity 20 g / denier and breaking energy 52 J / g. Area density of fabric is 0.1722kg
/ M ² Target sample F-4 consisted of 11 layers of this fabric.

Example F-5 A high denier, non-crimped fabric was prepared using the yarn SY-1 by the following method. Four yarns were combined to form a single yarn yarn of about 6,000 denier, and using this yarn, a non-crimped fabric having 28 yarns / inch in both warp and weft directions was produced. Yarn SY-1 had a yarn denier of 1200 and was used to knit into a multi-layer structure. Area density of dough is 0.705kg
/ M ² Impact target sample F-5 consisted of 7 layers of this fabric.

Example F-6 One foot square sample piece 8 of Kevlar 29 impact fabric (Clarke Schwebel).
The sheets were assembled into a target sample F-6 having an areal density of 2.32 kg / m ² . This fabric was designated as style 713, and was a plain woven fabric composed of 31 untwisted yarns / inch having 1000 denier yarns in both warp and weft directions.

Example F-7 This sample is a target sample F- with an areal density of 1.74 kg / m ^2.
Sample F-6 was substantially identical except that 6 layers of Kevlar 29 were used to make 7.

Example FB-1 Impact Results of 1.22 Carver Fragment One foot square (30.5 cm) target fabric consisting of multi-layer fabric was tested against a Fragment of .22 carrier to obtain a V ₅₀ value. The dough properties are shown in Table 1A. The impact results are shown in Table 1B.

Sample F-1 gave the best impact results. The results suggest that the combination of high modulus yarn and fine woven fabric of low denier yarn is sometimes advantageous.

Example FB-2 Impact Results of 2.22 Carriage Lead Bullets Target samples were evaluated against .22 carriage lead bullets and their striking velocity and exit velocity.
each ocity) was recorded. The dough properties are shown in Table 2A and the impact results are shown in Table 2B.

A comparison of the impact results of Examples F-1 and F-4 shows that when woven into a fine-grained woven fabric of low denier yarns, the higher modulus yarns are much better at impact protection against .22 carrier bullets. It is shown that. These data also indicate that the F-1 fabric is superior to the currently used Kevlar impact fabric (F-7) in terms of both percent stop bullet and average SEA.

Example C-1 The individual fabric layers of the target sample described in Example F-1 were subjected to Kraton D1107 in toluene solution (50 g /) after impact testing on both 22-Carrier fragment and .22-Carrier bullet. Soaked overnight in Kraton D1107, a product of Ciel Chemical Company, contains approximately 14% by weight styrene and has a tensile modulus of approximately 200 psi (23
It is a polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene triblock copolymer having a Tg of about -60 ° C (measured at ° C). The fabric layer was removed from the solution and hung in a fume hood to evaporate the solvent. Target sample C-1 is 6 wt%
Containing elastomer of 1 for further impact test 1
Reassembled with 3 fabric layers.

Examples C-2A and C-2B Six layers of one foot square fabric, of the type described in Example F-2, were assembled together. This is designated as C-2A.

The same 6 layers of the fabric layer of Example C-2A were dipped in a toluene solution of Kraton G1650 (35 g /) for 3 days,
It was then hung on a fume hood to evaporate the solvent. Kraton G1650 is a thermoplastic thermoplastic elastomer manufactured by Ciel Kercal, having a polystyrene-polyethylene butylene-polystyrene structure and containing 29 wt% styrene. Its tensile modulus is about 2000 psi
(Measured at 23 ° C), its Tg is about -60 ° C. The panel layers each had an areal density of 1.9 kg / m ² and contained 1 wt% rubber. These layers were assembled together for impact testing. This is designated as Sample C-2B.

Examples C4-C10 Each target sample in this series had the same fabric 1 foot square layer 6
The woven fabric consisted of pieces and was made as described in Example F-2. The fiber areal density of these target samples is 1.90 kg /
It was m ² .

Sample C-4 consisted of untreated fabric.

Sample C-5 consisted of a fabric coated with 5.7 W% Kraton G1650. The fabric layer was dipped in a solution of Kraton 1650 in toluene (65 g /) and then assembled after evaporation of the solvent.

Sample C-6 was prepared by immersing the sample, drying it, and then re-immersing it.
Prepared in the same manner as Sample C-5, except that a target sample with 0 wt% coating was obtained.

Sample C-7 was prepared by sequentially dipping a square fabric in three solutions of Kraton D1107 / cyclochloromethane to provide a target sample with 10.8 wt% coating. The fabric layer was dried between successive coating operations. The concentration of the Kraton D1107 thermoplastic plastic low modulus elastomer in the three coating solutions was 15 g /, 75 g / and 15 g / in that order.

Sample C-8 was made by dipping a layer of fabric in a solution of colloidal silica. Colloidal silica solution
30 wt% of silica having an average particle size of 12 nm and a surface area of 230 m ² / g
% Ludox, an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion containing Dupont Corporation
It was prepared by adding 3 parts by volume of deionized water to 1 part by volume of AM.

Sample C-9 is Energy Sciences (Energy S
Electra curtain device (E by ciences Corporation)
lectracurtain Apparatus) and was made from an electron beam-irradiated fabric that was irradiated to 1 Mrad under a nitrogen atmosphere. The square fabric is Rudox AM diluted with an equal volume of deionized water.
Immersed in the solution.

Sample C-10 is Example C-9 except that the fabric was irradiated to 2 Mrad and subsequently immersed in undiluted Ludox AM.
Created in the same way as. This irradiation level did not significantly affect the tensile properties of the yarn.

Example C-11 A plain weave ribbon fabric was prepared from a polyethylene ribbon having a modulus of 865 g / denier and a breaking energy of 46 J / g and a width of 0.64 cm. One foot square (30.5 cm) woven panel (s) were dipped in a solution of Kraton D1107 in dichloromethane (10 g /) for 24 hours, then removed and dried. Thirty-seven panels with a total ribbon areal density of 1.99 kg / m ² and a rubber coating of 6 wt% were assembled into a multilayer target sample C-11 for impact testing.

Example CB-1 As shown below, a damaged target sample (damaged ta)
rget) The C-1 stopped all .22 Kaya River bullets fired at it. These results were superior to those obtained with the same fabric before rubber coating the fabric and also far superior to the Kevlar impact fabric (Example FB-2) (see Example FB-2).

Although the fabric was severely damaged, the .22 carrier fragment was fired at the target sample at an impacting velocity of 1381 ft / sec and stopped. This corresponds to SEA of 55.5 Jm ² / kg. The results show that the coating of low modulus rubber also improves the impact resistance to .22 carrier fragments. The V ₅₀ value of the uncoated fabric (Example F-1) is 1318 ft / sec, which corresponds to SEA of 50.5 Jm ² / kg. The highest partial penetration rate for Example F-1 is 13
At 33 feet / sec, this corresponds to SEA 51.7 Jm ² / kg.

Finally, test this highly damaged sample with the test method NILE.
Impact testing was performed on .38 carrier bullets according to CJ-STD-0101.01. Three .38 Kaya River bullets with impact speeds of 780 ft / sec, 803 ft / sec and 831 ft / sec, respectively, were stopped at their targets, and the plunge distance of the bullets into the clay backing was 1.2 inches. It was less than. The target sample easily satisfied its specifications. Even the target sample has no even 1.76 kg / m ² in only the surface density of only, it 2.24 kg / m ²
Of the U.S. Army Standards (Standard MIL-C-44050) for Type 1 and Type 1A Kepler-29 target samples with greater areal densities of 10 or more. This was achieved despite the fact that the total number of ballistic impacts on this single target sample far exceeded the required number. Therefore, it is quite clear that the fabric product of the present invention can provide the required level of impact protection while using lighter weight materials.

Example CB-2 Target samples C-2A and C-2B were marked with a felt pen and divided into two 6 inch by 12 inch rectangles.
For each target sample, the V ₅₀ value was determined for the .22 carrier fragment using only one of the two rectangles (target sample 1/2). Each target sample was immersed in water for 10 minutes and then hung for 3 minutes before measuring the V ₅₀ value using an intact rectangle. The data presented below demonstrate that a small amount of rubber coating has a beneficial effect on the impact performance of a textile target sample when it is wet.

Impact EXAMPLE CB-2 28 × 28 plain weave, the surface density of the impact of the research fibers using coating fabric with a fragment of .22 Kiyariba for textiles target sample of six layers of 1.90 kg / m ² Tests show that elastomeric coatings improve impact performance,
The silica coating has been shown to be ineffective.

When EXAMPLE CB-4 Sample C-11 to impact test, V ₅₀ values measured for a fragment of .22 Kiyariba was shown to be 1156 ft / sec. This corresponds to a SEA value of 34.4 Jm ² / kg. This target sample exhibited good impact properties despite the ribbon's stress-strain properties being inferior to most of the ECPE yarns used in this study.

For sample C-11, 1 for .22 carrier bullets
A V ₅₀ value of 170 ft / sec was obtained, whereas samples C-5, C-6 and C-7 were run through a target sample with a bullet having an impact velocity of approximately 1150 ft / sec. , 25
It resulted in a speed loss of 0 feet / second. This indicates that the ribbon weave is sometimes effective against .22 carrier lead bullets.

Although the present invention has been described in sufficient detail above, it is not necessary to strictly adhere to these details and suggests various modifications and improvements to those skilled in the art, and these are also defined in the claims. It will be appreciated that it falls within the scope of the invention.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Cieldon Caybethsyu 07981, New Jersey, United States, North Pond Road, Whitspanney 16 (72) Inventor Deyuthan Cyril Prevuresec United States 07960, Morristown, Harwich Town 21 (56) References US Patent 4137394 (US, A) US Patent 4356138 (US, A) US Patent 4457985 (US, A) US Patent 4535027 (US, A)

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A chain-extended polyolefin fiber selected from chain-extended polyethylene fibers and chain-extended polypropylene fibers, a chain-extended polyvinyl alcohol fiber and a chain-extended polyacrylonitrile fiber selected from the group consisting of about 5
Comprising a network of at least one layer of fibers or yarns having a fineness of 00 denier or less and a tensile modulus of at least about 200 g / denier.
A product that is effective in blocking the penetration of foreign impacts. 2. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein said polyolefin fiber or yarn is a polyethylene fiber or yarn having a tensile modulus of at least about 500 g / denier. 3. The fiber or yarn is at least about 100.
Tensile modulus of 0 g / denier and at least 50 J / g
A product according to claim 1 having a breaking energy of. 4. A product as set forth in claim 1 wherein said fibers or yarns have a fineness of about 300 denier or less. 5. The network is at least about 1800.
An article according to claim 1 comprising a yarn having a tensile modulus of g / denier. 6. A low modulus elastomeric material further comprising the fibers or yarns of the network, and at least about 41,300.
The product according to claim 1, which has a tensile elastic modulus of kPa (6,000 psi) or less. 7. A product as set forth in claim 6 including a plurality of said networks arranged in multiple layers arranged in an array, each fiber or yarn of each of said layers being individually coated with a low modulus elastomeric material. . 8. A layer according to claim 7, wherein the layers of said network are arranged such that the alignment direction of the fibers in the selected layer is rotated with respect to the alignment direction of the fibers of the other layer.
The product described in the section. 9. A product as set forth in claim 6 wherein said low modulus elastomeric material comprises less than 10% of the network layer. 10. The network comprises yarns having a fineness of less than about 250 denier, the fibers of the yarn having an elastic modulus of at least about 1200 g / denier, and the areal density of the yarn of the network is about 0.18 kg / m ^2. 7. A product according to claim 6 below and wherein the network has a plain weave design.