JPH082292Y2 - Wall tiles - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a tile made of ceramics or the like which is mainly used for an outer wall of a building or the like.

"Prior Art" The conventional tile a has a basic shape shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 7, it is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and its mounting method is as shown in Fig. 7 (b), in which thick mortar is attached to the back of the tile and pressure is attached to the base, so-called (dango sticking).
As shown in Fig. 7 (c), there are a pressure bonding method using an adhesive or a thin mortar that uses an adhesive together, and a driving method in which a tile preliminarily attached to a formwork is driven at the same time as concrete is placed. Also, the space between the tiles was hardened with mortar or concrete to give a so-called joint finish.

In recent years, a method is used in which joints are replaced with hard mortar or the like every few meters and filled with soft waterproof sealing to make expansion joints to escape the expansion force of the tiles on the wall surface. Became.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" After installation, tiles for walls, especially exterior walls, have severe responsibility such as maintaining good appearance of the building while being exposed to all weather for a long time. And the problems of the installation method are listed.

A. About mounting strength ・ As for the mounting strength to the base, "Dango sticking" uses a poorly mixed mortar, so the initial strength is small, but the strength increases in the long term as the mortar hardens and dries, and is of good quality. .

Since the pressure-bonding is mortar or the like with an extremely thin layer using an adhesive, the initial strength is high, but it may weaken over the long term and is unstable.

-The driving method is large in strength because it is mounted by simultaneous driving with concrete.

~ 2. Regarding the occurrence of cracks, the mounting strength is not only for mounting on the base, but for a long time.
A good mounting condition is required, and what hinders this is the occurrence of cracks in joints and tiles, which occur in all conventional methods.

This is because the hard tile is attached to the hard base with a rigid structure in a rigid structure, and the surroundings of the tile are all mortar. appear.

 The tile also cracks due to the following.

Even if there is no strong earthquake such as an earthquake, a concrete structure is fatally cracked, and the larger the strength, the thicker the structure, the larger the structure, and the larger the crack.

The cracking force is directly applied to the tile that is structurally directly attached to the concrete, and since the periphery of the tile is hardened with mortar etc., there is no escape area for the force and the tile is much weaker than concrete. Will be broken.

~ 3, peeling of tiles. As for dropout, ・ Press-bonding occurs the most.

This is because the adhesive layer 1 made of an adhesive or mortar is extremely thin, and adverse weather conditions applied to the tiles adversely affect the adhesive layer, and the ability to soften it is small.

・ Peel off the dumpling. There is little falling off, but there is nothing, especially peeling as frost damage due to infiltration of rainwater from cracks.
If there is a dropout and if it occurs, it may cause a serious accident.

-Even when the driving method is used, peeling and falling may occur due to the above.

All of the conventional methods are peeling if the joints are not hard or leave a gap. It is thought that the drop-out will decrease, but there was no problem with the waterproof property described later.

-4. Regarding the seismic isolation of the tile installation, the structure of the main body and the one attached to it should be seismic isolation. The same applies to the tile, but the conventional product and its installation method are as described above. , Without seismic isolation, causing the above-mentioned drawbacks.

B. Regarding the unevenness of the tile base, because the concrete wall that is the base is made by driving, there is no unevenness on the wall surface, and the tiles to be mounted there must have a flat finished surface, but as it is A good quality finish is extremely difficult to install.

In this respect, since the dango pasting method can use thick mortar, it is possible to perform pressure adjustment installation from the front side of the tile,
There is an advantage that it is possible to easily deal with unevenness of the base.

In the pressure-bonding method, since the adhesive layer is thin, the above-mentioned pressure adjustment attachment cannot be performed, and the unevenness of the base appears as it is on the finished surface of the tile.

Therefore, another step is required such as applying a mortar coating operation to the base before tile application to smooth the base.

Since the tiles are attached at the same time as the concrete is placed in the driving method, there is no unevenness in the groundwork, but it is an unfinished method that does not necessarily result in unevenness due to the building of the formwork or the concrete driving.

C, about workability.

Dango pasting is to put mortar on each tile in a dango shape and to press and attach it to the base, so the work efficiency is a little poor, but the technique of attachment is easy, so even inexperienced people can apply it. Further, as described above, there is an advantage that the unevenness and the alignment with the adjacent tiles can be easily adjusted.

In the pressure-bonding method, the efficiency of the sticking work is good, but the timing with curing and drying of the adhesive layer is difficult, and even if it seems to be well, it is often peeled from the base.

The driving-in method is a completely different method, and careful attention is required in arranging and mounting tile arrays on the formwork before installation, adjusting the formwork, adjusting the layout, etc. Therefore, when these are combined, the workability is poor.

D. Describe the effect of tile attachment due to changes in outside air temperature.

In both the dumpling and pressure bonding, the tiles are hardened with mortar etc. around the tiles, so that the expanding force of the tiles heated by the positive heat works only in the surface direction of the tiles to cause peeling.
Compared to dango sticking, it is comparatively more common to use pressure bonding.

E, about waterproofness.

As described above, the conventional product and its installation method cause cracks in the joint mortar and the tile itself, so rainwater circulates to the back side of the tile and is drained to the outside because the joint is filled with mortar. Difficult to store in the space behind the tile.

 The most common method for storing rainwater is the dumpling method.

The stored rainwater seeps into the mortar and freezes and expands when it is below freezing, extruding the tiles to the outside and peeling them off. Drop out.

On the other hand, the stored rainwater becomes water pressure due to the amount and wind pressure, infiltrates into cracks in concrete, leaks into the interior of the building, and violates the basic responsibility of the building.

Also, rainwater oxidizes and expands the reinforcing bars in concrete,
Causes explosive destruction of concrete.

The above is irrespective of the mix of concrete aggregate and cement. It is destined to occur.

As for the waterproof property, as described above, all the conventional construction methods are defective.

F, Tiling about heat insulation.

It is natural that the exterior of a building is required to have heat insulation properties, and the same applies to tile attachment, so consideration should be given to heat insulation, but conventional products and construction methods did not.

The dango pasting method has a lot of voids around the dango-shaped mortar on the back side of the tile, but the tiles are tightly jointed with mortar, so the voids on the back side of the tile are difficult to ventilate with the outside air and heat exchange. Since it is difficult to generate heat, the tile heated to a high temperature will not be cooled, and it will be transmitted directly from the mortar to the concrete wall, making it difficult to insulate. Therefore, the cost for temperature control increases.

The pressure bonding and driving methods have poorer heat insulation than the dumpling method.

The above is the heat insulation in the summer, but in the winter, the dango pasting method with voids on the back side of the tile has heat retention as long as the voids are in a dry state, that part can be warmed by positive heat, A little heat insulation by it is obtained.

It is not possible to expect heat insulation and heat insulation even in the winter with the pressure bonding and driving method.

G, Tileable design.

The design of the exterior tile is important, but the following drawbacks were serious in the conventional product and its mounting method.

One is the joint finish of tiles, and the other is the alkaline substance appearing on the surface of the tiles, the so-called "hanging phenomenon".

Conventionally, all the joints in tiled tiles were filled with mortar, etc., and if not applied, the tiles would be unstable because of the unstable mounting of the tiles. It was said that such construction was extremely difficult, and most of the time, it had a shallow joint finish. If the bottom of the joint is shallow, the tiled wall surface will not have a clear contrast of light and dark, and a three-dimensional effect will not be obtained, and the tile wall surface will be plain and a good design property cannot be obtained.

In the conventional method, the tiles and joint mortar crack and the rainwater seeps in, causing the mortar on the back side of the tile and the alkaline substance in the concrete, the so-called "run-off phenomenon", and the tiled wall surface is greatly damaged. To do.

Moreover, once this "Hanare" appears, it does not disappear as long as it is left alone, it appears murkyly on the wall surface, it appears on the wall surface, and the tiled wall surface that should be beautiful continues to be polluted, greatly impairing the design. .

The above design loss cannot be prevented by the conventional products or the mounting method thereof.

H, Supplement. Describe the ease of renovation.

Since the tile is an exterior material, there is no stain or damage, and there is a request for a pattern change. Needless to say, it should be easy to repair.

Conventionally, this is a method in which the tiles are rigidly attached to the base as described above and the gaps between the tiles are solidified, otherwise the attachment itself of the tiles was unstable.

Therefore, when attempting to partially remove a tile, the vibrations directly affect adjacent tiles and mortar, and even tiles that should not be peeled off cause unnecessary waste materials and increase costs.

Conventional products and conventional construction methods have the above-mentioned great drawbacks and have been required to be improved.

"Means for Solving the Problem" For tiles for walls and the like, the upper end of the tile surface is made into an L-shaped notch 1 and the lower end of the rear surface is made into an inverted L-shaped notch 2 at the side end of the back surface of the tile. When a recess 3 parallel to the side edge is provided and the central part of the back of the evening is a concave surface 4 and it is attached to the base, the combination of the upper and lower tiles is a combination of the notch 1 at the upper end and the notch 2 at the lower end. The dimensions will fit together.

 The present proposal is configured as described above.

"Operation" To attach the tile A of the present invention to the base D, the conventional "dango sticking" is performed, and the arrangement is preferably zigzag sticking.

The concave surface 4 at the central portion of the back surface of the tile A has a larger contact surface area with the mortar B than that of the flat surface.
Since it itself can be made lighter, the burden on the adhesive strength to the mortar B is reduced, and the adhesion to the base D is improved.

The unevenness of the base D can be adjusted by freely attaching the tile A by attaching it with a dumpling attachment, and the alignment adjustment with the adjacent sides or the top and bottom can be performed in the same high quality as the conventional dumpling attachment. .

On the back side of the tile A side ends, a draining plate C having a basic shape of water receiving and draining function as shown in FIG. 4 is arranged, and the recess 3 and the side end of the back side end portion of the tile A are arranged. Combined installation so that the part consisting of and is located inside the draining plate C,
The lower end of the draining plate C is placed at the center of the upper end of the lower tile A, and the rainwater reaching the draining plate C is fed to the front side of the lower tile A.
Immediately, it can be waterproofed by draining it outside.

As described above, the upper and lower relations of the tiles A are waterproof because the lower end of the tile A immediately above is covered with the outer side of the upper end of the tile A, and the tiles are immediately waterproofed.

Even if you leave the gap between the tiles open,
Rainwater does not enter behind tile A.

Therefore, there is no storage of rainwater on the back side of tile A, and there is no freezing and no freezing occurs. There is no frost damage.

Since the attachment to the base D is independent for each one by dumpling, there is a gap around the tile, and each tile does not have resistance with the base separately due to the vibration of the base due to an earthquake etc. Seismic resistance because it can co-exist The seismic isolation works well.

 Therefore, peeling occurs frequently and it lasts a long time.

If there is a gap E around the tile, the tile A can be expanded and contracted without resistance when the temperature of the tile A is increased by positive heat and expanded.
No peeling due to tile expansion.

The void G on the back side of the tile is always in the shade of the tile A, and since it is ventilated to the outside air, even if the temporary tile A is heated to a high temperature by the positive heat, it is cooled in the void G and the base D,
Immediately, high heat is not conducted to the concrete structure and heat insulation is established.

Even in the winter, the back side of the tile A is in a dry state, so that part of the tile A has a little heat retaining property.

By the above, since the occurrence of cracks in the tile is extremely eliminated, there is no infiltration of rainwater from the cracks in the tiles, and there is no problem of cracks because the joints between the tiles are gaps from the beginning, and therefore the alkaline substance from the back side of the tiles, Immediately, the effect of not causing "hangout" is maintained and the aesthetics of the tile can be maintained.

Also, the joints are deep joints, and the unique aesthetics of the tile wall surface should be of good quality.

Since the tiles are mounted as described above, even if the tiles are repaired or the like, the vibrations of the tiles do not easily reverberate to the adjacent tiles, so that there is an effect that the tiles are not peeled unnecessarily.

[Example] The tile of the present invention can be made of a conventionally-made material such as ceramics.

The L-shaped notch 1 at the upper end of the surface mainly has a function of receiving water and draining it, and it is basically a drainage shape.

The reverse L-shaped notch 2 at the lower edge of the back surface is the tile A
As shown in the figure, when the tile A is mounted on the substrate D, the surface of the tile A is flush with the surface of the tile A in the lower layer, but the L-shaped notch 1 at the upper end of the tile A in the lower layer 1
It has the function of waterproofly covering the upper end of the front side of the part.

The recess 3 which is parallel to the side edge of the back side edge has a waterproof drainage on the side edge of the tile A, and the recess 3 of the drainage board C arranged on the back side of the tile A together with the side edge of the adjacent tile. It has the function of being easily stored inside.

In order to make the entire central portion of the back surface concave 4, the amount of mortar B for mounting can be increased, the adhesive area can be increased, and the weight of the tile itself can be reduced. The purpose is to improve the quality of the attachment to D.

The shape and size are arbitrary as long as the above-mentioned basic concept is not changed.

Fig. 6 (a) is an application example for improving the waterproofness of the notches at the upper end and the lower end, with a slope to improve drainage at the uppermost end and draining shape, The part where the contact is made protrudes slightly to the front side, and as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the waterproof property is further enhanced when it is attached, and the basic structure of the present invention is not changed.

When used for outer walls, etc., refer to Fig. 1 (a). (B).
(C). (D). In addition to the general flat object shown in (e), Fig. 2 (a). An accessory Aa for corners as shown in (b) can be arbitrarily created for the construction work and is included in the configuration of the present invention.

For convenience of other construction work, various types of accessories can be arbitrarily set according to the above.

 An example of mounting is shown below.

The sequence is shown in Fig. 3 (a). As shown in (b), stick in zigzag.

When the bottom of the wall to which the tiles are attached is drained, the tiles at the bottom of the tiles are immediately attached. As shown in FIG. 5, a draining material H such as a light metal is attached to the base D first. Do on top.

Mortar B is attached to the back of tile A, and base D is used as it is.
Press to install. This technique may be conventional.

At this time, the draining board C is arranged on the back side between the adjacent tiles as described above.

The lower end of the draining plate C is placed on a light metal draining material H, and the upper part thereof is erected vertically in parallel with the back surface side end of the tile A, and the gap between the base D is appropriately stabilized with Morital B or the like. .

As described above, the tiles A are sequentially mounted adjacent to each other and the lowermost stage is mounted.

The tile A on the next stage is also attached according to the above procedure, but the gap between the tile side edges, immediately starting the attachment so that the center of the vertical joint is located at the center of the upper end of the tile on the immediately lower stage, the above-mentioned staggered arrangement To do.

The above-mentioned draining plate C is arranged on the back side of the tile A side ends.

As described above, the tiles are attached to the wall by sequentially attaching them horizontally and then to the top.

Leave the gaps between tiles A open and do not clog the joints.

The top of the wall surface of the tiles is not covered with tiles. For example, light wood or other caps are attached by a dry method to prevent rainwater from entering the back of the tiles. The technique of attaching the Kasaki may be conventional.

The draining plate C is preferably made of stainless steel or the like, which is unlikely to be oxidized or deformed.

"Effects" From the above, if it is used as described above using this plan,
It has the following effects in addition to the conventional drawbacks.

A. Regarding the mounting strength: -The concave surface on the back of the tile reduces the weight of the tile, increases the adhesive area of the mortar, and increases the adhesive strength of the mortar to the substrate.

・ Each tile is individually and independently attached to the base, and there is a gap around the tile, so there is seismic isolation, and the tile peels off due to the strong vibration of the base. The dropout can be reduced. Further, the occurrence of cracks is extremely reduced, and the occurrence of joint cracks is not a problem.

B. Regarding workability: -Because conventional "dango pasting" is possible and there is no joint filling work process, overall process work is shortened and efficiency is improved.

C. Regarding the conformity to the unevenness of the base: ・ The advantage of the dango sticking by adjusting the pressure of the tile while applying the tile can be utilized, and the correspondence to the unevenness of the base is good.

・ By the above, it is unnecessary to apply ground mortar prior to tile application.

D, expansion and contraction of tiles due to temperature changes due to all weather,
Since there is a gap around the tile, it can respond naturally without resistance, so there is no fear of peeling of the tile due to expansion or the like.

E, Regarding waterproofness: ・ There is a gap between the tiles, but due to the unique structure and usage of this invention, rainwater does not infiltrate on the back side of the tiles and good quality waterproofness is obtained.

-By the above, frost damage can be prevented.

F. Regarding heat insulation: ・ Since there is an air gap in the normal state of ventilation on the back side of the tile, it can reduce the heat rise of the tile due to positive heat, and reduce the heat conduction to the base, immediately, the structure, so the heat insulation in summer The quality is extremely good.

-Even in winter, the above-mentioned voids are always dry, so that heat insulation can be obtained.

Regarding G and design: -Since the gaps between the tiles can be left open, deep joints can be obtained without any effort, and the tiled wall surface can have a three-dimensional effect and a high degree of design.

-Because rainwater does not enter the back side of the tile and there is no water storage, the alkaline material from the back side of the tile and the immediate "flapping phenomenon" do not occur, and the aesthetic appearance of the tile wall surface can be maintained.

H, Supplement. At the time of renovation as well, since each tile is attached independently with a gap, only the necessary tiles can be removed. Therefore, unnecessary work can be reduced and waste materials can be reduced.

 This plan has the above effects and is easy for society.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (A) is a front perspective view of the basic example of the present invention. FIG. 1 (b) is a rear perspective view of the present invention in FIG. 1 (a). FIG. 1 (C) is a right side view of the present invention in FIG. 1 (A). FIG. 1 (d) is a right side vertical sectional view of the present invention in FIG. 1 (a). FIG. 1 (e) is a plane cross-sectional view of the present invention in FIG. 1 (a). FIG. 2 (a) is a front perspective view of an example of an accessory for outside corners. FIG. 2B is a rear perspective view of the example in FIG. FIG. 3A is a partially cutaway front view of the mounting arrangement example. FIG. 3B is a partially cutaway front perspective view of the arrangement example. FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of an example of a draining plate. FIG. 5 is a side view vertical cross-sectional view of a partly cutaway view of an example of attachment. FIG. 6 (a) is a side elevational sectional view of the application example of the present invention. FIG. 6 (B) is a partially cutaway side surface longitudinal sectional view of the mounting example of the example of the present invention in FIG. 6 (A). FIG. 7A is a front perspective view of a conventional product. FIG. 7 (B) is a partially cutaway side view vertical cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional method (pasting dumplings). FIG. 7 (c) is a partially cutaway side surface vertical sectional view of an example of a conventional method (pressure bonding). A: The original tile. Aa: A horn accessory. B: Mortar. C: Drain board. D: Base. E: Gap between tiles. F is a joint mortar. G: The void behind the tile. H: Light metal drainer. 1: Notch on the top edge of the surface. 2: Notch on the bottom edge of the back side. 3: A recess on the back side edge. 4: The concave surface on the back side. I: Adhesive layer. J: Wooden brick. K: Eaves material. a: Conventional tile.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. In a wall tile, the upper end of the front surface is cut into an L-shape, the lower end of the back surface is cut into an inverted L-shape, a recess parallel to the side end is formed in the back surface side end, and the back surface center part is a concave surface. When the above tiles are attached to the base, the upper and lower combination relations between the tiles are such that the notch at the top end of the tile surface and the bottom end of the tile back face directly overlap the top and bottom of the tiles in a combi-like shape. Wall tiles.