JPH09310828A - Pyrolysis residue separation method in waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] To provide a method for separating a pyrolysis residue by recovering fine combustible components adhering to metallic components in the pyrolysis residue separated by sieving to improve combustion efficiency. SOLUTION: In a device for thermally decomposing waste to separate it into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, pulverizing the combustible component, and combusting carbonized gas with the combustible component pulverized, a separating device is provided. It is composed of a large-mesh first screen and a small-mesh second screen, and separates the large pyrolysis residue and the non-combustible component separated by the first screen, and the non-combustible component is separated into metals. Machine separates into metallic components and debris, and the pyrolysis residue separated by the first sieve is fed to the second sieve to form a small pyrolysis residue,
Separated into relatively small thermal decomposition residue, separated the relatively small thermal decomposition residue into iron by a magnetic separator, and combusted components separated by the first sieve and small separated by the second sieve. The thermal decomposition residue and the small thermal decomposition residue from which iron was separated by the magnetic separator were fed to the grinder.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for separating a thermal decomposition residue in a waste treatment device, and more specifically, to crush the waste and heat it in a low oxygen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure or lower to thermally decompose it into a dry distillation gas. A thermal decomposition residue mainly consisting of non-volatile components is produced, and the thermal decomposition residue is separated into combustible components and non-combustible components, and the combustible components and the carbonized gas are burned. The present invention relates to a method for separating a thermal decomposition residue in a waste treatment device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of the apparatuses for treating general waste such as municipal solid waste and industrial waste containing combustible materials such as waste plastic, the waste is put in a thermal decomposition reactor under atmospheric pressure (low oxygen atmosphere). At the same time, it is pyrolyzed by heating to produce a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly consisting of non-volatile components, and after further cooling the pyrolysis residue, it is supplied to a separation device and combustible mainly composed of carbon. Ingredients and, for example, metal or pottery,
Separation into non-combustible components consisting of rubble such as gravel and concrete pieces, pulverizing combustible components, introducing the pulverized combustible components and the above-mentioned carbonization gas to a melting furnace which is a combustor, and melting this There is known a waste treatment apparatus in which combustion treatment is performed in a furnace, the generated combustion ash is made into molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged and cooled and solidified.

In such a waste treatment device, the thermal decomposition residue is passed through a sieve having a mesh of about 5 mm to separate it into a large thermal decomposition residue and a small thermal decomposition residue, and the large thermal decomposition residue is separated into metallic components. After removing the air, the combustible components are taken out by wind power selection, and the combustible components and the small thermal decomposition residue are supplied to a pulverizer and pulverized, for example, as a fine combustible component of 1 mm or less in a melting furnace. Supply is disclosed (for example, JP-A-64-49816).

[0004]

However, according to the knowledge of the present inventor, it has been found that the separation efficiency is not always sufficient according to the conventional method for separating thermal decomposition residues in the waste treatment apparatus as described above. did. That is, as a result of analyzing the property of the thermal decomposition residue in such a waste treatment device, it was found that the ratio was as shown in the following Table 1 although it varied a little depending on the property of the waste.

[0005]

Therefore, when the pyrolysis residue having such a property is separated by the above-mentioned separation method, many combustible components are contained in the large pyrolysis residue separated by a sieve, specifically, having a diameter of 5 mm or more. And debris are contained, and therefore, not only the fine combustible component adhered to the metallic component cannot be recovered, but also a large amount of debris is discharged. This lowers combustion efficiency and requires a large amount of cost to dispose of rubble.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems.
The waste crushed to a predetermined size is heated and pyrolyzed,
A pyrolysis reactor for producing a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components, an exhaust device for separating the dry distillation gas and the pyrolysis residue discharged from the pyrolysis reactor, and the exhaust A separation device for separating the pyrolysis residue discharged from the device into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, a grinder for grinding the combustible component, the carbonization gas and the combustible component ground. In a waste treatment device including a combustor for burning, the separation device is configured by a first sieve having a relatively large mesh and a second sieve having a relatively small mesh, A large pyrolysis residue separated by a sieve is separated into a non-combustible component and a combustible component, and the non-combustible component is supplied to a metal separator to separate at least the metallic component and rubble, The first
The relatively small pyrolysis residue separated by the
To a relatively small thermal decomposition residue and a small thermal decomposition residue, and the relatively small thermal decomposition residue is supplied to a magnetic separator to separate iron. So that the combustion component separated by the first sieve, the small thermal decomposition residue separated by the second sieve, and the small thermal decomposition residue obtained by removing the iron by the magnetic separator are supplied to the grinder. The present invention aims to provide a method for separating a thermal decomposition residue in a waste treatment device.

The mesh of the first sieve is 10 mm or more and 30 mm.
Less than, preferably 15 mm or more and less than 25 mm, and the mesh of the second sieve is 5 mm or less and more than 1 mm, preferably about 2 mm. Further, the combustible components pulverized by the pulverizer are preferably separated by a third sieve having a mesh of about 1 mm.

According to the method for separating thermal decomposition residues in such a waste treatment device, relatively large thermal decomposition residues, which are mainly non-combustible components such as empty cans, present in the thermal decomposition residues are removed. This relatively large pyrolysis residue removed is a fine combustible component adhering to the non-combustible constituents (either fed to a wind sorter for separation or by another form of screening means). Ingredients and combustible components that are mixed in very slightly are separated and recovered, supplied to a pulverizer and pulverized, while non-combustible components are supplied to a metal fractionator and iron,
Metal components such as aluminum and rubble are separated.

The relatively small thermal decomposition residue that has passed through the first sieve is mainly a combustible component such as carbon, and metallic components such as small-sized debris and iron pieces are mixed therein.
The relatively small thermal decomposition residue passing through such a first sieve is fed to the second sieve, where the smaller thermal decomposition residue is passed through, and the remaining relatively small thermal decomposition residue is subjected to magnetic separation. It is fed to the machine and metal pieces, especially iron pieces, are separated.

The remaining pyrolysis residue from which the iron pieces and the like have been separated is supplied to the crusher and the iron pieces and the like are supplied to the wind separator. The small pyrolysis residue that has passed through the second sieve, the pyrolysis residue from which iron pieces and the like have been separated and removed by the magnetic separator, and the pyrolysis residue discharged from the wind separator are mainly combustible in the pulverizer. It is formed as a fine pyrolysis residue which is a component. And preferably, this fine pyrolysis residue is a third
It is then fed to the sieve to remove unmilled pyrolysis residue.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a thermal decomposition residue separating apparatus in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a thermal decomposition reactor composed of, for example, a horizontal rotary drum, and the thermal decomposition reactor 1 has a waste a which has been crushed by a charging device 2 to a size of about 150 mm by a crusher (not shown) in advance. Is thrown in.

The heating air b heated by the air heater 3 is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor 1 through a line L _{1 and} heated to 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., usually about 450 ° C. The inside is kept in a low oxygen atmosphere under atmospheric pressure by a sealing mechanism (not shown) and an induced air blower 4 provided at the end of a series of devices in order to prevent gas with high odor from leaking.

The waste a supplied into the thermal decomposition reactor 1 is heated here to be thermally decomposed, and the dry distillation gas G ₁
And pyrolysis residue c are produced, and the dry distillation gas G ₁ and the pyrolysis residue c are separated in the discharge device 5, and the dry distillation gas G ₁ passes through the line L ₂ and the burner of the melting furnace 6 which is the combustor. 7 is supplied. On the other hand, the thermal decomposition residue c is cooled by a cooling device 8 to a temperature at which there is no fear of ignition by gas G ₃ (or cooling water) described later, for example, about 80 ° C.
Is separated into a combustible component d and a non-combustible component e.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the thermal decomposition residue c cooled by the cooling device 8 is supplied to the first sieve 11 by the bucket conveyor 10. This pyrolysis residue c mainly contains combustible components such as carbon and iron, aluminum and rubble, and has various particle sizes. The mesh of the first sieve 11 is 10 mm or more and less than 30 mm,
It is preferably configured to be 15 mm or more and less than 25 mm, usually about 16 mm, where it is relatively large, for example 16 mm
The pyrolysis residue c ₁ having the above particle size is separated.

The waste a is crushed in advance and pyrolysis reactor 1
The relatively large thermal decomposition residue c ₁
Is mainly composed of a metallic component such as an empty can, and the debris that has not been crushed and the combustible component d ₁ such as the metallic component or the small-diameter carbon adhering to the debris or the flaky large-diameter carbon is mixed. are doing. Such a relatively large pyrolysis residue c ₁ is supplied to the wind sorter 12, where the flaky carbon and the combustible component d ₁ such as the metallic component and the carbon adhering to the rubble are a bag. It is collected by the filter 13 and supplied to the crusher 14.

The non-combustible component e made of rubble and the metallic component separated by the wind separator 12 is rubble e ₁ , iron e ₂ and aluminum e _{3 by} a well-known metal separator 15 such as a magnetic separator.
Are separated and collected. The relatively small thermal decomposition residue c _{2 that} has passed through the first sieve 11 is supplied to the second sieve 16. The second sieve 16 has a mesh of 5 mm to 2 mm, usually about 2 mm. The relatively small thermal decomposition residue c _{2 that} has passed through the first sieve 11 is mainly composed of combustible components such as carbon, and metallic components such as iron pieces and non-combustible components such as debris pieces are mixed therein. are doing.

Such a relatively small thermal decomposition residue c ₂
Is supplied to the second sieve 16 and the second sieve 16
Small becomes pyrolysis residue c ₃ has passed through, is separated into a relatively small becomes pyrolysis residue c ₂ '. Then, this relatively small thermal decomposition residue c ₂ ′ is supplied to the magnetic separator 18, the metallic component e ₄ such as iron pieces is separated, and this metallic component e ₄ is guided to the wind separator 12, and The relatively small thermal decomposition residue c ₂ ″ from which the metallic component e ₄ has been removed is the small thermal decomposition residue c ₃ that has passed through the second sieve 16 and the combustible component d recovered by the bag filter 13. Crusher ₁ with 1
4 and is pulverized into fine powder of, for example, 1 mm or less to form a combustible component d. This combustible component d is stored in the carbon hopper 17 and then passed through the line L ₃ (FIG. 1) to the melting furnace 6. It is supplied to the burner 7. In addition, 19 is a container for recovering the non-combustible component e such as iron.

The combustible component d processed by the crusher 14 in FIG. 2 is mainly carbon, and rubble powder is mixed in this. This flammable component d is the line L in FIG.
_The dry distillation gas G ₁ supplied from ₂ and the combustion air f supplied from the line L ₄ by the blower 20 are burned in the melting furnace 6 at a high temperature of about 1,300 ° C., and the combustion ash generated at this time is generated. It is melted, becomes molten slag g, flows down into the water tank 21, and is cooled and solidified.

On the other hand, the combustion gas G ₂ generated in the melting furnace 6
Is recovered by the air heater 3 and the waste heat boiler 22 through the line L _5, and then dust is removed by the dust collectors 23a and 23b to become a relatively low temperature clean exhaust gas G ₃ and mostly from the chimney 24. It is released into the atmosphere and part of it is supplied to the cooling device 8 via the line L ₆ . Reference numeral 25 is a power generator that uses the steam S obtained by the waste heat boiler 22 to generate power.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the separating device 9, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 indicate the same names. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 26 is a third sieve having a mesh of, for example, about 1 mm, and the combustible component d pulverized by the pulverizer 14 is selected by the third sieve 26, and the pulverizer 14 is used. The combustible component d ₂ which has not been sufficiently pulverized by the above method is recovered in the hopper 27 and then supplied again to the pulverizer 14 through the line L ₇ for pulverization. By doing so, the particle size of the combustible component d is adjusted, so that the combustion efficiency in the melting furnace 6 can be improved.

[0022]

As is clear from the above description, according to the thermal decomposition residue separation device in the waste treatment device of the present invention, the recovery rate of combustible components such as carbon can be improved and combustion efficiency can be improved. And the recovery and reuse of the metallic component can be effectively performed.

In addition, since the rubble in the non-combustible component can be mixed with the combustible component and supplied to the melting furnace to be recovered as slag, it can be effectively used, and as a result, the cost related to the disposal of the rubble can be reduced. There are many effects such as can be significantly reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a waste treatment device according to a method for separating a thermal decomposition residue according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a separation device.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the separation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pyrolysis reactor 2 Input device 3 Air heater 4 Induction blower 5 Exhaust device 6 Melting furnace 7 Burner 8 Cooling device 9 Separation device 10 Bucket conveyor 11 First sieve 12 Wind filter 13 Bag filter 14 Crusher 15 Metal Sex separator 16 Second sieve 17 Carbon hopper 18 Magnetic separator 19 Container 20 Blower 21 Water tank 22 Waste heat boiler 23a, 23b Dust collector 24 Chimney 25 Power generator 26 Third sieve 27 Hopper

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A thermal decomposition reactor that heats and thermally decomposes waste that has been crushed to a predetermined size to generate a dry distillation gas and a thermal decomposition residue mainly composed of non-volatile components, and the thermal decomposition reaction. A discharge device for separating the dry distillation gas and the pyrolysis residue discharged from the reactor, a separation device for separating the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and A waste treatment device comprising a crusher for pulverizing combustible components and a combustor for combusting the carbonized gas and the pulverized combustible components, wherein the separation device comprises a first mesh having a relatively large mesh. A screen and a second screen having a relatively small mesh are used to separate the large pyrolysis residue separated by the first screen into a non-combustible component and a combustible component. By supplying combustible components to the metal separator, While separating into metallic components and debris, the relatively small thermal decomposition residue separated by the first sieve is supplied to the second sieve, and the small thermal decomposition residue and relatively small thermal decomposition are obtained. The residual pyrolyzed residue is supplied to a magnetic separator to separate iron, and the combustion components separated by the first sieve and the small separated by the second sieve are separated. A method for separating thermal decomposition residue in a waste treatment device, wherein the thermal decomposition residue and the small thermal decomposition residue from which iron has been removed by the magnetic separator are supplied to a crusher. 2. The structure of the first sieve according to claim 1, wherein the mesh is configured to be 10 mm or more and less than 30 mm, preferably 15 mm or more and less than 25 mm. 3. The second sieve structure according to claim 1, wherein the mesh is 5 mm or less and larger than 2 mm. 4. A thermal decomposition residue in a waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal decomposition residue crushed by a crusher is separated by a third sieve to form fine combustible components. How to separate things.