JPS6097208A - Equipment for height measurement, especially leveling - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Field of Use The present invention provides a light source that emits visible light, a leveling rod placed at a measurement point, a surveying instrument, and a leveling rod that is leveled and directed in a fixed direction. and means for photoelectrically objectively measuring the index of the leveling staff, and means for stabilizing a reference line in the horizontal direction with respect to the weight line. The present invention relates to a device for height measurement having a machine. The invention can be used, inter alia, in leveling of all measurement accuracy classes.

Conventional technology As is well known, elevation surveying is carried out by visual a-measuring.

The observer reads the display of the leveling rod at the measuring point and the sighting point scale line in the vertical leveling scale within the field of view of the telescope, which is oriented strictly horizontally. This display light travels through a distance in the air, which is not a completely stationary medium and is affected by various atmospheric conditions such as sunlight, temperature gradients in the air layer near the ground surface, and wind effects. be influenced by. Various external influences on the observation of the image of the leveling scale scale and the reading of the leveling scale, which undergoes oscillation and deformation, make it difficult to perform measurements with the naked eye, because in one surveying process, a series of multiple This is because it is necessary to take multiple readings, and the measurer must also adjust the standard and record the results of the standard scale readings. A photodetector array (Photoempfa) is used to read the leveling rod.
It is known to use a horizontal laser beam emitted from a leveling device as an indicator on the leveling rod.

German Patent Application Publication No. 2756364 describes a photoelectric leveling rod, the measuring range of which is
It includes a number of photosensitive strips of photodiodes arranged under one another, adapted to detect pulses of light from a laser beam emitting device used as a leveling device.

East German patent GOID 218988 describes a CCO system for length measurements, in which an arbitrarily large number of CCD arrays may be arranged side by side in order to observe an arbitrary measuring range.

Photoelectric polyhydric surveying levels have the disadvantage that arranging a large number of light detection elements in a line is very expensive and therefore cannot be made to cover a large measuring range. ing.

The resolution of this measurement system depends on the size of its photodetector. To obtain large resolutions, multiple staggered rows of multiple photodetector elements must be used, which requires complex evaluation electronics.

In German Patent Application Publication No. 1915891.

An apparatus is described for determining a single point of each dot using a laser beam.

Another method for height measurement consists in reducing leveling to triangulation and replacing the reading of the staff with a more accurate partial circle reading.

However, this method is limited because the angle measurements must always be more precise than direct leveling.

Swiss Patent No. 376,673 discloses a device for measuring distances by reading several sections.

In the assembly of machines, various measuring standards for illumination-measuring systems are used for counting purposes, primarily where the measuring system is located directly at the measuring standard.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention According to the present invention, the various drawbacks mentioned above are eliminated, the accuracy of naked eye observation is increased, and the measurement process in leveling is simplified6.In addition, the burden on the measurer is reduced. This reduces reading errors and copying errors caused by the measurer when measuring meat.

The object of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of photoelectric measurement data detection over long distances by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to the background part of the graduation line of the leveling rod, and thereby to objectify and automate the measurement process in leveling. The purpose is to configure a device for height measurement so as to make it possible.

Means for Solving the Problems The above-mentioned problems are solved by the present invention as follows. That is, the reference telescope is provided with an optical system with a light source for emitting a beam of infrared or visible light in the optical axis, and the leveling rod is provided with a reflective dividing scale. It is. It is advantageous if the optical system for emitting this light beam and the reference telescope have a common optical axis.

The present invention makes it possible to objectify the measurement process of photoelectric measurement data reading, by using the simple reflection of light to form an image of the self-luminous staff graduation line. Conditions for automation of surveying can be created.

This makes it possible to reduce reading errors and transcription errors, which are often introduced by the observer during visual observation.

EXAMPLES The invention will be explained in more detail below by means of the accompanying drawings, which are shown diagrammatically.

The basic structure of the leveling machine shown in Figure 1 is VEBCarl.
ZeJss is equivalent to Ni 002 of JENA Rei. The device according to the invention includes an optical system arranged axially with respect to the optical axis of the leveling telescope. It includes a lamp 12 for emitting a beam of infrared or visible light and a capacitor system 13. The light beam is passed through deflecting prisms 14 and 15, through a pendulum mirror 3 with a non-reflective surface 17, into two apertures 6 and then through an objective lens 2 and a separator 1 to a leveling rod placed at the measuring point. 39 (see Figure 3). Reflective scale line 42 of leveling rod 39
reflects the light beam from the lamp 12 and sends it back to the leveling device. This reflected light enters the objective lens 28 through the model separator 1, is condensed by this, is reflected by the pendulum mirror 3, and appears on the image plane A with the bright scale line above. 42 images are formed sharply. A differential light detection means (Djfferenz) is installed within this plane.
-photoempfaenger) 5 , and an aperture 4 is located in front of this object. An electrical signal is generated in this differential light detection means 5, which is further processed in accordance with the block diagram shown in FIG. A prism 6 is provided behind the objective lens 2, and a measuring telescope system for aiming at a measuring point, which includes a separator], an objective lens 2, a pendulum mirror 3, an aperture 4, and a differential light detecting means 5, is a telescope system for naked eye reference. It has come to be replaced by An image plane similar to A exists at B. The image created on the image plane B passes through the intermediate image forming system 9 and the prism 8, is focused on the second image plane 10, and is reflected by the eyepiece 11.

A standard 18 is fixed to the objective 2, which is illuminated by a light-emitting diode 19 and read by a frequency detector 27 at an index 20.

Furthermore, the objective lens 2 is slidably supported on the guide member 21.

A tension spring 26 may tension this objective lens 2 across the sliding surface 22, and the motor 2
An eccentric 23 is arranged on the shaft rod 25 of No. 4. Motor 24 is housed within a housing 28 of the device. The device housing 28 has a further guide member 31 on which a pendulum mirror 3 is arranged in a housing 32 and is moved by focusing drive means, not shown. The pendulum mirror 3 is damped by an air damping system 33.

In the front view of the leveling instrument shown in FIG. 2, a housing 28 is shown which is mounted on the lower part 29, in which a transverse precision drive means (not shown) is provided. There is. A head 35 is used to focus the pendulum mirror 3, and another head 36 sets the prism 6 in its measuring position. An operating member 37 is provided on the eyepiece side of the leveling instrument.

FIG. 3 shows a part of a leveling rod 39 with different graduation lines. A nickel alloy strip with measuring divisions is placed in the wooden box 38 in the usual manner. A metric scale 39 is shown on the left side of this wooden box, and a decimal scale 40 is shown on the right side with respective numbers and 72 decimal points. One division section has a reflective graduation line 42 on the metal strip. A collimator 43 is also provided on the wooden box 38, the reference axis plane 45 of which is adjusted exactly at right angles to the scale plane. The axis 46 of the spirit level 44 extends parallel to the reflective division lines 42 and allows accurate vertical positioning of the leveling rod 39. The collimator 43 allows the leveling rod 39 to be precisely aligned with the measuring device (leveling device).

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of this measuring device. Input 47 initiates the measurement process, which is controlled by microprocessor 48 . With the activation pulse, the control device 49 switches on the projector 51 and the motor 50. A differential light detection means 52 detects passage of the zero point of the leveling scale. The obtained electric signal is amplified in an amplifier 53 and converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter 54. This signal is sent to the counter 58
, which counts the signal from the standard 18 via the photodetection means 55 , the amplifier 56 and the A/D converter 57 . This counting ends at the zero graduation line. The control logic 6], together with some additional other devices, provides for counting only the zero graduation-pulse intervals of the digital signal. In this case, the microprocessor 48 calculates the fine reading and composes the entire reading process together with the visual coarse reading activated via the input 47, which is read out in the display device 59 or in the recording unit 60.

This height-measuring device can be used particularly advantageously for leveling, since it produces a precisely leveled line of sight and the leveling rod 39 can be very precisely vertically adjusted by the spirit level 44. This is because the operator can aim at the center of the leveling scale scale for visual observation, and the leveling staff 39 is aligned at a precise angle with respect to the aiming beam. After aiming the leveling rod 39, the measurer focuses the image of the leveling rod with the pendulum mirror 3,
And read this roughly. Next, the person measuring Priz A
Set 6 to position 7 and begin the measurement process.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows the structure of a leveling instrument equipped with a device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of this leveling instrument, FIG. 3 shows an example of scale lines attached to a leveling rod, and FIG. The figure is a block diagram of the measuring device. 1... Separation plate 2... Objective lens 3... Pendulum mirror 4.16... Calibration 5... Differential light detection means 6.8... Prism 9... Intermediate imaging system ]0 ... Image plane 11 ... Eyepiece lens 12 ... Lamp 13 ... Condenser system 14.15 ... Turning prism 18 ... Standard scale 19 ... Light-emitting diode system 21.3
1... Guide member 22... Slide surface 23... Eccentric 24... Motor 25... Shaft 26... Tension spring 27... Frequency detector 28... Device housing 3
3... Air buffer system 39... Leveling rod 42... Divided scale line 43... Collimator 44... Level 47.
...Input section 48...Microprocessor 49...Control device 50...Motor 51...Light emitter 52...Differential light detection means 53, 56...Amplifier 54, 57...A/D Converter 55...Photodetection means 58...Counter 59...
Display device 60... Recording unit 61... Control logic A, B... Image plane

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A telescope system for aiming at a measurement point, a device for stabilizing a reference line horizontal to the weight line, a light source that emits visible light, a leveling rod installed at the target point, and a surveying instrument and means for leveling and orienting the staff;
and a means for objectively photoelectrically reading the index of the staff; Device as described above, characterized in that an optical system with a light source for emitting a beam of light is arranged, and a repellent division graduation is provided for the leveling rod. (2) The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical system for emitting the light beam and the reference telescope have a common optical axis.