TW200523391A - Apparatus for electroless deposition - Google Patents

Apparatus for electroless deposition Download PDF

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TW200523391A
TW200523391A TW093131142A TW93131142A TW200523391A TW 200523391 A TW200523391 A TW 200523391A TW 093131142 A TW093131142 A TW 093131142A TW 93131142 A TW93131142 A TW 93131142A TW 200523391 A TW200523391 A TW 200523391A
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substrate
fluid
deposition
chamber
patent application
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TW093131142A
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TWI368665B (en
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Dmitry Lubomirsky
Shanmugasundram Arulkumar
Ian A Pancham
Sergey Lopatin
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Applied Materials Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1619Apparatus for electroless plating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W20/00Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
    • H10W20/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10W20/031Manufacture or treatment of conductive parts of the interconnections
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1619Apparatus for electroless plating
    • C23C18/1628Specific elements or parts of the apparatus
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1635Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1639Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
    • C23C18/1642Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive semiconductor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1675Process conditions
    • C23C18/1678Heating of the substrate
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1675Process conditions
    • C23C18/1682Control of atmosphere
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1851Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
    • C23C18/1872Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/20Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
    • C23C18/28Sensitising or activating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10PGENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10P14/00Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
    • H10P14/40Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of conductive or resistive materials
    • H10P14/46Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of conductive or resistive materials using a liquid
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S134/00Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
    • Y10S134/902Semiconductor wafer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

200523391 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種工作平臺,尤指一種適用於無電沉 積製程之工作平臺。 5 【先前技術】 次奈米尺寸圖樣之金屬化為現代與未來積體電路製程 的基礎。超大型積體電路(VLSI)元件,例如含有一百萬個 邏輯閘以上之元件,其中接置於這些元件中心之内部接 10 線,大多利用具傳導性之金屬材料(如銅或鋁)而形成具有高 深寬比(約超過10 : 1)圖樣之内部接線。傳統上一些常用的 沉積方法,可如化學氣相沉積(chemical vap〇r deposition, CVD)或物理氣相沈積(phySicai vapor deposition, PVD),以 元成具有圖樣之内部接線。然而,隨著内部接線尺寸的縮 15 小’以及深寬比的增加,利用傳統金屬化技術來形成無孔 洞(voidfree)圖樣的内部接線已漸形困難。因此,即發展出 /儿積技術如電化學沉積(electr〇chemicai piating,ecp)以及 無電沉積(electroless plating)等,以實現在積體電路製程中 形成具次奈米尺寸、又具較高深寬比圖樣之内部接線。尤 20其在沉積技術中,利用無電沉積製程以沈積層間(如覆蓋層 4)之方法’更展露出可發展之開創性。 然而,關於無電沉積製程中,其傳統的裝置與方法在 實際的製程操作與沈積層間之比例上,仍存有尚待改進之 缺點。因此,目前亟需一種功能化之整合工作平臺,以於 200523391 於無電沉積製程中,提供基板沈積前後之清洗作業、以最 小的缺陷’沈積均勻的無電層間材料、以及基板退火之熱 處理。 5 【發明内容】 本發明係k供一種無電沉積之基板工作平臺,且平臺 一般可包括一基板介面(可稱為一工廠介面)、以及一主基座 製耘區。其中,基板介面可運送基板來回進出於製程區的 主基座;主基座内含有一傾斜之清洗室、一基板潤洗與乾 秌至(其亦可整合於一清洗室中)、以及一無電沉積裝置,且 所有的組成配件皆可相連結於一主基座的自動控制裝置。 另外,一退火室可相連於主基座、或連結於基板介面。 本發明亦可提供一種流體工作平臺,此流體工作平臺 1可包括一具有基板輸送單元之主基座、至少一位於主基座 15之基板清洗室、以及包含一無電沉積裝置之至少一製程 區。該製程區可包括一製程用之氣體源,其可流體連通於 基板製程區内部、第一流體工作室、第一基板承載裝置可 承載一基板於第一流體工作室製程中、第二流體工作室、 第二基板承載裝置可承載一基板於第二流體工作室製程 20中、以及一基板輸送單元其位於第一與第二流體工作室之 間,並且可將基板來回運送於流體工作室與主基座的自動 控制裝置。 、本發明又可提供-種沈積—金屬至—基板之方法,此 方法包含.將一沈積區中的基板置於一機械手臂上、接著 200523391 導入一惰性氣體至沈積區内,以使沈積區内部含氧量約可 低於lOOppm以下、利用機械手臂將基板運送至第一流體工 作 >室,以進行一活化步驟、以及利用機械手臂將基板運送 至第二流體工作室,以進行一無電沉積步驟。 5 【實施方式】 本發明係提供一種整合式之無電沉積系統或工作平 2:,其包括一工廠介面(FI)、以及一與工廠介面相連結之主 基座製权區。其中,主基座製程區含有一基板清洗室、一 1〇無電沉積裝置、以及一自動控制裝置,其可來回移動於無 電沉積裝置中之清洗室與工作室。一退火室可連結於主基 座或基板介面(亦即工廠介面),並且視製程需求,可於沈積 與/或清洗步驟後、或沈積步驟前,進行基板退火之熱處理。 圖1為本發明一實施例處理系統1〇〇之上視圖。處理系 15統100可含有工廠介面130,其具有複數個内含基板儲存盒 之基板承載處134。工廠介面13〇内有一自動控制裝置132, 且可用以來回運送基板進出於基板承載處134内的基板儲 存盒。另外,自動控制裝置132亦可伸展至一連接通道115, 並運行於工廠介面130和工作主基座}丨3間。因此,自動控 2〇制裝置132因而能將基板由基板承載處134取出,並運送到 工作主基座113中的任一製程單元114、U6或是退火室 135。同樣地,自動控制裝置132也能將處理完畢的基板由 製程單元114、116或是退火室135取出後,運送回基板承載 處134的基板儲存盒内,以移出處理系統1〇〇。工廠介面13() 200523391 亦可包含一度量/檢測站16〇,其可用以檢視基板於一製程 步驟之前與/或之後。度量/檢測站16〇之功用,可例如分析 基板的性質(如基板表面之鍍膜的厚度、平整化、表面突狀 物等)。其度量後的結果可傳送至製程硬體,而用以控制隨 5 後於基板的製程步驟,或者亦可用以控制所測量之工作室 其後續的基板處理步驟。本發明一實施例之度量/檢測站可 包括 BX-30 測试系統(Advanced interconnect measurement system)、以及微距量測掃目苗式電子顯微鏡(CD-SEM)或缺陷 再檢掃瞄式電子顯微鏡DR_SEM之檢視站,且所有的儀器皆 10 可自美商應用材料公司(Appalied Materials,Inc. of Santa Clara,California)所購得。 退火至135基本上可包括兩個退火熱處理房,其中内含 並列之冷卻盤136與加熱盤137,且另具有一自動控制裝置 140用以運送基板於冷卻盤136與加熱盤ι37之間。另外,雖 15 然在本圖中退火室135可連接在連通管道115旁,但是本發 明並不被限制成任何特定形式的配置,例如退火室135可直 接連接於工作主基座Π 3,並利用主基座之自動控制裝置 120來操作;或者退火室135可連接於工作主基座113旁,但 各自分開操作。如圖1所示,退火室丨35可直接連接於連通 20管道115,其亦可連結於工作主基座113。退火室135相關之 敘述請參照2003年4月18曰所申請之美國專利申請案號 60/463,860「兩退火之熱處理室」,其中已詳盡揭示該退火 室 135。 工作主基座113可具有一運輸基板用之自動控制裝置 200523391 120,其主要裝置於工作主基座113的中央。自動控制裝置 120—般具有一個以上之機械手臂122、124,且用以載送基 板於工作主基座113之各個製程單元。此外,自動控制裝置 120及其機械手臂122、124—般設置為可伸展、轉動、水平 5 與升降之移動,以能來回取送基板於工作主基座113中的製 程單元 102、104、106、108、110、112、114、116。 相同地,工廠介面的自動控制裝置丨32也可升降、轉 動、伸展以能取送基板,且直線行進於工廠介面丨3〇到工作 主基座113的執道150上。製程單元1〇2、1〇4、1〇6、108、 10 110、112、114、116一般可為任何數量及種類的基板製程 系統之工作室,例如化學沉積室、潤洗室、傾斜之清洗室、 疑轉乾_室、基板表面清洗室(可整合浸泡、清洗及餘刻等 功能)、無電沉積室(可包括預/後清洗室、潤洗室、活化室、 沈積室等)、品管檢查室及/或任何受益於一沈積工作平臺之 15 整合設施。每個工作室及自動控制裝置都可與一製程控制 器111相連線,且製程控制器111具一個微處理控制系統, 用以接收來自使用者及/或各種感測器之資訊,並依程式化 以適當的操控工作平臺100。此外,工作室亦可相連於一流 體輪送系統,以於每個工作室之製程中,供應所需的製程 20 液。一具體實施例之流體輸送系統相關之敘述請參照2003 年5月14日所申請之美國專利申請案號10/438,624「多種化 學功效之電化學製程系統」,其中已詳盡揭示其内容。 如圖1所示,為本發明一具體實施例之無電沉積系統, 其中製程單元之設置可如下所述。製程單元114與丨16可作 200523391 為界面係、位於主基座113之濕式製程區與連通管 115'退火室135、及工廉介面13〇内的乾製程區之間,节界 面工作室舉例可為旋轉潤洗室、及/或基板清洗室。且體而 :二:二程單元114與116可同時包含一旋轉潤洗乾燥室 二. 月洗室,且以疊層方式架構。一具體實施例之旋 :潤洗乾燥室相關之敘述請參照·3年4月18日所申請之 吴國專财請案_/463,862「_潤洗乾燥室」, 詳盡揭示其内容。 製程單元106與108可設置作為傾斜之清洗室,即當沈 積反應完成後’該工作室可心移除基㈣圍過量= 積。一具體實施例傾斜之清洗室其相關之敘述請參照細 年4月18日所中凊之美國專利中請案號60/463,970「整人气 之傾斜清洗室」,其中已詳盡揭示其内容。 製程單元1()2、刚、110與112可設置為沉積或沉積支 15 ί工作室,例如電化學沉積室、無電沉積之沈積室、活化 至、及/或基板潤洗或清洗室。一具體實施例之工作室可為 =電沉積之沈積室,一般無電沉積之沈積室可位於工作平 臺丨⑼之一側,且活化室亦可位於工作平臺100之相同一 側其配置係相對於工作平臺100中。例如,當製程單元m 20與112設置為活化室時,製程單元1〇4與11〇可為無電沉積之 沈積室。於此配置之基板,可經由主基座之自動控制裝置 ⑽傳送至製程單元1()2與112,其中有—表面活化液喷灑於 反表面因此,基板可經由主基座之自動控制裝置120傳 达至製程單元1()4與11(),並且進行潤洗或清洗步驟,其中 200523391 有一無電沉積液噴灑於已活化與已清洗之基板表面。基板 亦可清洗及/或潤洗於任一製程單元114、116、122與124 中’或於活化室之製程單元102與112。 圖1所示之具體實施例,其中主基座的自動控制裝置 5 I20可將基板置於相對的製程單元110、112、102與1〇4中, 以進行製程。製程單元可包含一基板承載裝置,其用以承 載製程中的基板,且自動控制裝置12〇以不接觸基板之方式 將基板置於每一製程單元相對的基板承載裝置,並可將基 板由一工作室傳送至另一工作室内,進行一連貫的製程步 10驟。一具體實施例之基板承載或支撐裝置可更詳細地揭示 於圖2-7所示之内容中。於此之基板係為一基板面部朝下之 製耘組恶,若要求主基座之自動控制裝置120位於基板支撐 架中,且不接觸基板表面的製作,則需要一中間物承載之 步驟。一具體實施例於基板面部朝上之製程中,主基座内 15的自動控制裝置12〇可將基板自製程單元中放入或取出。在 此之製程單元具體實施例請參照2〇〇 1年7月1〇日已獲准之 美國專利案號6,258,223 r提升銅種晶層於沉積系統」、以 及2001年12月26日所申凊之美國專利申請案號1〇/〇36,321 「無電沉積系統」,其中已詳盡揭示其内容。 2〇 ^圖2所示為本發明另一具體實施例之無電沉積工作平 至200。圖2所示之貫施例大致相似於圖^之實施例,且操作 相同。然而,工作平臺200可包含一基板承載裝置2〇2位於 每一製程單元102、104與製程單元11()、112之間,且此承 載裝置202有一軸點204,並具有一基板支撐元件2〇6可伸展 11 200523391 5 於其中。支撐元件206可利用承載裝置2〇2,如圖中「A」所 示之箭頭方向,移動於相鄰的工作室之間(製程單元1〇2、 1〇4或製私單兀㈣、112)。因此,於此配置中,主基座内 的自動控制裝4120可用以傳送基板於活化室mu以及 無電沉積之沈積室1()4、11G之間,亦可提供基板有效地傳 'J 活化至(例如製程單元112)與一無電沉積之沈積室 (例如製程單SU0)間、減少運送中其活化層的污染、並且 可使主基座内的自動控制裝置12〇保持鍍液的乾淨。 10 15 20 “ 0 3所示為本發明又一具體實施例無電沉積製程之工 作平臺300,其大致相似於圖2之實施例,且操作相同。工 作平臺300包括一流體沈積製程區3〇2其包圍活化室1〇2、 112以及無甩》儿積之沈積室1〇4、i ι〇,該製程區可含有 環i兄控制區,且位於工作主基座丨丨3内。其中,工作主基 座Π3具有至少一通道埠3〇4,例如一狹縫之活門,可由主 基座之自動控制裝置120選擇性地進出於製程區3〇2,以將 基板置入與移除於其中。 製程區302可連結於一製程用之氣體供應源3〇6,其可 流體連通於製程區3〇2内,且用以提供一製程用之氣體於製 私區302内部。更詳盡地說,於基板製程前、期間以及之後, 氣體供應源306可用以提供一惰性氣體(如氮氣、氦氣、氬 氣、氫氣、以上其混合者、或一般半導體製程常用的其他
氣體)到製程區302内部,並且利用一排放系統或泵(圖未示) 以排放出内部氣體。當通道埠3〇4被開啟並將基板由製程區 302置入或移除時,其導入製程區3〇2内的氣體流量將會增 12 200523391 加;相對地,製程區302也有一持續向外流出且增大的氣體 流量,其有助於製程區3〇2減少氧氣的進入,於基板置入或 移除的期間。當通道埠304關閉時,位於製程區3〇2内的基 板可進行製程步驟,例如,減少製程氣體的流量並且淨化 5 製程區内部。此淨化的步驟可包括持續導入氣體於製程區 302内,並藉由排放裝置或泵將氣體自製程區3〇2移除,且 氣體供給與排放的操作可清除製程區3〇2内殘餘的氧氣。本 發明之具體實施例中,在製程區302的上方部位可導入製程 用的氣體,並利用排放裝置或泵(其置於製程區内部或製程 10 區下方處),由下方部位將氣體向外排除。 傳統製程中所供應至製程區3〇2的氣體,可包括供應流 速約介於l〇slm〜25slm之惰性氣體,更明確的範圍可在 12slm〜20slm之間。當製程區關閉時(即通道埠304關閉),可 減少惰性氣體之流速。製程區302可更包括一真空泵(圖未 15 示),其可流體連通於製程區302内部的空間中,且於抽取 清除的製程中,真空泵可用以減少製程空間中不必要的氣 體。製程區302内部亦可選擇性地流體連通於一排放裝配系 統’且使排放系統可用以排除或導出其製程區内的氣體。 當製程用氣體導入一密閉的製程空間時,排放系統可避免 20 製程區内部氣壓過大。系統控制器111可用以控制製程區氣 體其導入與移除的流速,使製程環境得以控制。此外,根 據不同製程環境其條件的控制需求,發明人可思量其他儀 器’例如加熱器、冷卻器、空氣過濾器或淨化裝置、濕潤 13 200523391 或連結於本發明之製程區302,並由控 關於工作平臺$ # -般可作為化學用所示,其"b配置 5 用於單-基板後即被丢辛而,二製程用_試劑可使 ^ Ύ 士 茱而不破其他製程所利用。例如, 工作平堂200與300可利用一 — ^ 作至來進行活化、清洗及/或 ;母一衣程步驟可使用不同化學試 劑,因此工作室可供旛立 仏應母一基板所需的化學試劑。然而, 早-工作室不用以回收多種不同成分之化學 10 回收化學試劑所造成的污染 兄〃 一例如’當製程單元102、112設置為活化與清洗室,製 私單元1G4 11G可配置為無電沉積之沈積室。首先,將其 20 器等,皆可用以涵蓋 制器111所控制。 ”入活化/清洗之製程單元1〇2、U2中,此時可喷灌一: 化前^清洗液、-潤洗液、及/或—活化液於基板表面。當 活化厨之清洗液使用後,可經由潤洗步驟,使基板表面在 嗔灑活化液前已無清洗液存在,並於活化液錢後,可將 基板自活化/清洗室中輸送到無電沉積沈積用之製程單元 104、110。製程單元104、110可設置用以噴灑一無電沉積 液於基板表面,以沈積所需的層間。當無電沉積的製程= 成後,基板將再輸送回活化/清洗室,並且可進行一沈積後 的清洗製程,且該製程完成後,基板可被輪送至其中一傾 斜清洗室之製程單元106、108或是其中一旋轉潤洗乾燥室 之製程單元114、116中。本實施例可於無電沉菸十蚀扣 ^ u ^貝况積用之 裏程單元104、110中,不使用不同的化學試劑,且哕無電 14 200523391 沉積之沈積室可作為多種化學試劑之用,例如,化學試劑 可多次提供於基板上並回收或再利用,直到其化學性質已 無法供應製程需求。然而,此沈積室可視製程需求,可用 以於額外的製程步驟,如一沈積前之清洗製程等。當所使 5用之溶液經由混合回收而不適用於製程時,沈積室一般可 設置為單一使用之化學試 劑工作室。 士圖3A所示為本發明另一具體實施例之無電沉積工作 平堂350,且其所示實施内容大致相似於圖3之實施例。工 作平臺350包含如圖3所示之製程區3〇2;然而,圖3之製程 1〇區302其内含之組成元件與本實施例有不同之處。例如,以 下所討論製程區302其所述之内容(製程區3〇2相對於工作 平臺有相同配置,且呈一鏡像)。製程單元112可包含一專 屬支撐元件353用以提供於製程單元112 ;相同地,製程單 几110可包含一專屬支撐元件352而專門提供於製程單元 15 U〇中。其中,基板輸送單元351設置用以接收來自主基座 自動控制裝置120傳送來的基板,當基板位於輸送單元351 後,經由樞軸轉動可將基板送至其中一支撐元件”2、3幻 下方處此訏,支撐元件352、353將立刻降低其位置並 於輸运早7^351上方處,而支撐元件與基板間的接合盥固 如定,可藉由一真空裂置、重力、《半導體製程上其他基板 穩固的方法。當基板穩固於支撐元件352、3兄時,輸送單 凡351可自支撐元件352、353中,以樞軸轉動而移出。 -支撐元件352、353可使基板下降而進入相對的製程單 凡110、112中’進行一流體製程步驟。當流體製程步驟完 15 200523391 成k ’支撐元件3 5 2、3 5 3將基板升起而離開流體中,因此 輸送單元351移至基板下方時,支撐元件352、353可再降低 其位置,使基板進入輸送單元351上,並解除真空裝置的吸 力以釋放基板後,轉由輸送單元351來承載基板。支撐元件 5 M2 353可再度升起’且轉由輸送單元可利用樞軸而轉 動至一相鄰的製程單元中,以進行另一個流體製程步驟; 或是,輪送單元351上的基板可利用主基座内的自動控制裝 置120而移出製程區302。 如圖3 A所示之硬體設備可實施一無電沉積製程。例 10如,當製程單元104、設以作為無電沉積之沈積室與無 包’儿積後之清洗室時,製程單元1〇2與112可設置於進行一 預洗製私、一活化製程、與一活化後之清洗製程,且於此 配置下’可由相對的製程中,回收所使用的化學試劑。圖 3A之配置所呈現的優點即是,當基板自活化液中轉移到無 15電沉積液時,可處於一穩定的環境中,乃因其流體製程單 几102、104、110、112之内部工作區是位在一環境受控制 的製程區302中。即在基板轉換過程中,通道琿3〇4為閉合 狀怨,所以製程區内的含氧量可低於一程度且得以受控 制。製程區302更可經由氣體供應源3〇6而導入一惰性氣 20體,進而減少其内部的含氧量,例如可低於lOOppm的氧氣、 ,佳低於50PPm氧氣、更佳低於1〇ppm左右的氧氣等。製程 單元、輸送單元351、與支撐元件352、353之配置,更可使 基板由活化室運送到無電沉積之沈積室的過程費時不到ι〇 秒麵。以上提及的製程優點皆有助於免除基板的氧化。 16 200523391 圖3與圖3A所示皆為本發明之實施例,其可使用以共 存或不相容的化學試劑,例如,在一製程程序中,可使用、 分別存放的化學試劑例如酸液與鹼液。當鹼液使用於一專 用工作室時,酸液通常使用於另一專用工作室中,且基板 5可經由輸送單元來回輸送於鄰近的工作室間。當化學試劑 可共存使用時,單一流體工作室可用以處理製程中的每一 步驟,例如,單一工作室可用以將基板進行予頁先清洗、活 化、活化後的清洗、無電沉積之沈積、以及沈積後的清洗 步驟等。若化學試劑無法共存使用時,當基板將轉移至另 1〇 一工作室之前,基板可先於第一工作室中(或於另一相鄰的 工作室清洗中)進行潤洗、或清洗步驟,並於第一工作室中 使用一無法共存的化學試劑。潤洗的步驟可使無法共存的 化學試劑自基板表面移除後,使基板可於隨後裝載不同化 學試劑的工作室中,進行製程反應。在此,發明人可更思 15 量潤洗步驟其較佳使用的時機,即於相同工作室中,降低 製程系統其成分之間的污染性,例如基板輸送單元35丨上的 化學成分可與隨後所接觸的其他成分進行反應。 圖4與圖5所示為本發明另一實施例之一無電沉積工作 平臺400之示意圖’其實施内容相似於圖i-3A所示之配置特 20 徵’且操作相同。然而,此工作平臺400之製程單元1 〇2、 104、110、112仍有些許差異性。更具體而言,工作平臺4〇〇 可包含一製程區402用以連通於一氣體供應源406與一通道 埠404,以提供基板進入或移出此製程區内,其相似於如前 所述工作平臺。然而,工作平臺4〇〇在每個製程區4〇2内可 200523391 包含四個製程處,其可如圖3所示的製程區3〇2而相對於工 作平臺中。製程區402内之四個製程處可為製程單元414、 416、418、420,且此製程單元可用以配置為一結合之工作 室(如活化室、清洗室、潤洗室、與無電沉積之沈積室)。例 5 如,製程單元416、420可設置為一無電沉積之沈積室,且 製私單元414、41 8可設置為一活化室。於此配置中,工作 平室400亦可包括一第一基板輸送單元4〇8(如圖8所示)位於 可運送基板於製程單元414、418間之位置,即此工作室位 於鄰近自動控制裝置處。輸送單元4〇8可用以接收一來自主 1° 基座自動控制裝置120的基板,並且將其運送至製程單元 414、418中以進行製程反應。相似地,輸送單元4〇8亦可用 以移除製程單元414、418中的基板,以使主基座自動控制 裝置120將基板自製程區4〇2中移除。 圖8可更詳盡地描述基板輸送單元4〇8,其可包含一樞 15軸支臂元件804(位於樞軸點802上),並於支臂元件8〇4末端 有一基板支撐表面806,且其可承載基板朝下之外部周圍, 而不破壞基板表面的產物。當基板位於基板支撐表面8〇6 時,其支臂可經由樞軸轉動至其中一製程單元414、418的 上方處,此時一支撐元件可將基板自基板支撐表面8〇6取下 20 並且進行製程步驟。 基板支撐元件410、412可位於相對的製程單元418、42〇 與414、416之間,並且設置用以運送基板於自身兩側的製 程單兀間,以支撐基板於製程期間。例如,支撐元件42〇可 用以運送基板於製程單元418與42〇之間;支撐元件41〇可用 18 200523391 以運送基板於製程單元414與416之間。 雖然在此所敘述的支撐元件為基板面朝下之配件,但 是本發明之内容不限於此種設置之範疇。例如,本發明支 撑元件亦可用以支撐基板以進行基板面朝上的製程步驟, 5 此方法可為該項技術領域者所熟知。相似地,雖然於此本 舍月所k及之製程卓元是為基板面朝上的接收與製程之配 置,其不排除其他可能的配置,所以本發明之實施内容不 叉限於此配置,如製程單元可用以設置為基板面朝上或面 朝下之製程單元。 10 圖4與圖5所示之本發明工作平臺,其中,支撐元件 410、412可用以支撐單一的化學無電沉積之配置。例如, 製私單元414、418可設置為活化/潤洗室,且製程單元416、 420可σ又置為恶電沉積之沈積室,且基板可經由主基座的自 動控制裝置120傳送至製程區4〇2内。因此,基板可經由輸 15运單70 408轉送至其中一活化與潤洗之製程單元414、·418 中,且於製程中,其中一支撐元件410、412可用以支撐基 板。於活化潤洗之製程單元414、418中,基板可於活化步 鈉先進行/月洗及/或潤洗的製程。因此,一無電沉積之 活化液可先喷灑於基板表面,且當活化步驟已完成時,基 20板可再被潤洗及/或清洗,並經由一相對之支撐元件41〇、 412可將基板轉送至無電沉積之沈積室416、42〇中,以暴露 於:無電沉積液中進行沈積。當沈積反應已完成時,可再 -人藉由支撐件410、412將基板送回活化潤洗之製程單元 414、418,以進行基板表面另一個層間的活化,並可視製 200523391 程需求進行一潤洗步驟。倘若需要再沈積另一層間,即可 將已活化之基板送入另一沈積室中進行反應。若基板的沈 積步驟已製程完畢,可經由輸送單元408將基板自活化室 414、41 8移除後,再利用主基座之自動控制單元12〇將基板 5 自I程區402中移除。於本發明之配置中,兩基板可同時於 一製程區402中進行操作,即一基板於製程單元414、416中 進行製程時,另一基板可於製程單元418、420中進行。 然而,本發明之另一實施例可如圖4與圖5所示之工作 平臺,且其配置可為一單一基板多種化學試劑之製程區。 10 具體而言,製程區4〇2可設置為利用每一製程單元414、 416、418、420來製備單一基板,且每個製程單元可包含不 同化學試劑,例如··一酸性的無電沉積液及/或化學活化 液、與一鹼性的無電沉積液及/或化學活化液。一具體實施 例中,一基板可先置於一活化室之製程單元418,且於一酸 15 性活化預洗之化學試劑喷灑於基板表面時,其中一可升溫 或降溫之支撐元件可用以承載基板。該可降溫的支撐元件 含有一基板支撐表面,其作為一吸收熱之元件,例如:導 入一冷部的流體流經一支撐元件内部,以降低基材支撐表 面之溫度。該可升溫之支撐元件亦可含有一基板支撐表 2〇面,其具有流體或電阻式熱源,可用以控制基板支撐表面 的溫度。基板可隨後轉移至一無電沉積的製程單元42〇中, 在此一酸性之活化液可喷灑於基板表面。因此,基板可被 轉移至製程單元418中,以進行—活化前的清洗製程,且隨 後再將基板轉移至一驗性預洗室之製程單元414中(其係經 20 200523391 由輸送單元408與支撐元件412所達成),在此一鹼性之清洗 液可噴灑於基板表面。 支撐元件412可用以支撐基板於酸性活化、清洗、或沈 積過程中,且可内含一加熱器以加熱支撐元件内的基板支 5撐表面,並於活化、清洗、或沈積過程中加熱該基板。該 加熱的清洗過程中,可加熱該清洗液至約於8(rc〜9〇r的溫 度範圍,例如··及/或於基板接觸支撐元件時,加熱該支撐 $件至一受熱溫度,且基板隨後可轉移至一無電沉積沈積 室之製程單元416中。在基板轉移至製程單元414進行製程 1〇 沈積後的潤洗及/或清洗步驟)之前,該製程單元416中已 含有一鹼性無電沉積液。本實施例中,每一製程單元可包 &特疋的化冬试劑,例如:活化試劑、無電沉積試劑、 或預洗試劑等,且每製程單元内的試劑可重複使用於一個 X上的基板。上述單一工作室的配置即可解決化學試劑交 15 叉污染的問題。 圖6所示為一本發明具體實施例之流體工作室6〇〇與承 載政置604之局部放大示意圖,其中,流體工作室可作 =本毛明所提及之任一無電沉積之沈積室、活化室、及/或 =洗/潤洗至。流體工作室600—般包含一槽體602,其上方 具有可移動的承载裝置6〇4,且此槽體可由各種不參與反 應之物質所構成,例如··塑膠類、聚合物、與陶曼類等。 如圖7所,,承載裝置6〇4可含有一基板支撐元件6〇6,其設 置為可疑轉、水平或樞軸、以及垂直移動,而用以配合 體602内部開口# #。 口曰 免的尺寸。該基板支撐元件606可包含一具 21 200523391 ,複數個真空孔洞61G形成於此平面式的支撐表面6⑽,亦 、可%為平堂,且支撐表面608可塗覆或由不參與反應之材 料所構成,如P旬甍或塑穋類。該真空孔洞㈣可選擇性地流 體連通於一真空來源(圖中為示),且其可用以將一基板614 5真空吸附於支撐表面6〇8。其中,—封環621(如圓形封環) 可位於罪近支撐表面6〇8最外圍之部分,並用以於基板支撐 表面608與基板614之間製造一封閉的真空環境,使基板背 部因真空吸力緊附於支樓表面6〇8,且亦可免除流體流入基 板背部。 10 基板支撐元件606其内部可有一具有複數個加熱帶612 之加熱裝置’ 加熱帶612可包含阻抗式加熱器、流體通道 (使一加熱流體可流經)、或其他半導體製程中加熱一基板支 撐元件所使用之方法。複數個加熱帶612可個別獨立控制, 並依製程需求,於製程中可更準確地控制基板溫度。具體 15而σ獨立刼控加熱帶612可精確地操控沈積溫度,此乃為 無電沉積沈積製程之關鍵因素。基板支撐元件6〇6可更包含 -=動器或震動元件(圖中為示),於製程中可用以傳送超音 波晨盡或其他震動能量到基板614。 槽體術中央底部可含有一流體盆615,且該流體盆615 2〇具有一平面的盆體表面616,其中有一環狀的流體堰618形 成於盆體表面616之周圍。流體堰618有一介於約2mm至 2〇mm之高度,於製程區62〇中,其可用以將一製程流體形 成一洼池而留置於盆體表面616上,且其表面亦可形成複數 個流體孔洞622。該流體孔洞622 一般可流體連通於複數個 22 200523391 流體來源,例如·潤洗液、活化液、清洗液、無電沉積液、 或其他於一無電沉積中所使用的製程液等;孔洞622亦可用 以提供製程區62〇所需之製程流體,使流體可向上流經孔洞 622,且於製程區620中向外流至流體堰618,如圖中所示之 5箭頭方向“B”。流體排出口 624—般位於槽體6〇2下方之外 部、流體堰618之外側,其可用以收集溢出流體堰618之流 體。 ’ 圖7所示為一具有一垂直柱7丨4之承載裝置6〇4,其可以 樞軸方式移動至主基座113中,並位於兩製程單元之間;即 10承載裝置6〇4之垂直柱714可經由軸點704而轉動基板支撐 儿件606,且可選擇性地置於每個相鄰製程單元上。承載裝 置604於垂直柱714可更包含一伸展之手臂元件716,且可相 對地垂直移動於垂直柱714,例如··第一傳動齒輪7〇8嚙合 於垂直柱714的垂直軌道706上,且可將手臂元件716選擇性 15地垂直移動於垂直執道7〇6。位於手臂元件716上的第二傳 動齒輪712,可連結基材支撐元件6〇6,且其配置可使基材 支撐元件606得以轉動。 本發明另一具體實施例之承载裝置604可配置以傾斜 基材支撐元件606,即可將基板進行垂直、樞軸(水平)、與 20旋轉之移動。本實施例中之第二傳動齒輪712的旋轉轴可位 於基板支撐元件606其轉轴上,且將傳動齒輪712與基板支 撐元件_結合後,以樞轴方式固定於手臂元件716上形成 -軸線718。在一製程步驟之前、期間、或之後,此配置可 依製程需求將基板傾斜,例如:一傾斜之浸沒步驟。 23 200523391 本發明另一具體實施例之承載裝置6〇4可包括一多區 域真空吸附式之基板支撐表面,用以控制基板背部複數個 區域之吸附力。一般而言,此種吸附形式之承載裝置可利 用基板支撐表面上之一薄膜,使其位於基板背部並封閉該 5基板之邊緣。一真空泵可施加於基板支撐表面與薄膜之 間,而導致薄膜可被吸入於基板支撐表面内含的凹處,即 促成薄膜與基板間的真空,使基板可吸附於薄膜與基板支 撐表面上。有關-利用薄膜吸附基板之承載裳置請參照於 1997年5月21日所申請、2001年2月6日所核准的美國專利案 10號6,183,354「利用一可彎曲薄膜形成承載裝置之化學機械 研磨系統」,其中已詳盡揭示其内容。 本發明再一具體實施例之工作平臺4〇〇可經由一無電 沉積製程,沈積一覆蓋層於基板表面上,且工作平臺4〇〇所 欲進行製程的基板其表面已先具有一含有特徵之介電材料 15層以及其特徵内所填充之導電材料(一般為銅金屬);具體來 說,基板具有一平面化的產物形成於表面上,其表面係暴 露介電材料層與填充銅金屬之特徵。其中,表面上介電材 料層與其特徵之平面化一般可利用一化學機械研磨的製 程、或如其他工作平臺所處理之特徵平面化方式。 、 20 於一工作平臺400中,自動控制裝置132可將基板由基 板承載處134取出,並運送到任一製程單元114、116内;其 :,製程單元114、116可設置為一基板旋轉潤洗乾燥工作 室,且内含一清洗液以進行潤洗及/或清洗製程。基板亦可 由主基座之自動控制裝置12〇所接收,並輕易地通過製程單 24 200523391 元114、116,例如··主基座之自動控制裝置可吸附基板126, 並經由通道埠4〇4將基板運送至製程區4〇2。於基板傳送的 過程中,製程用的氣體來源406可通入一惰性氣體(一般可 為氮氣、或一由氮氣與其他氣體如氫氣所混合之氣體)到製 5 程區402之内部。此氣體可大量湧入製程區402中,以避免 外在氣體於通道埠404開啟以及接收基板的同時進入製程 區内,進而降低製程區内部的含氧量。 當基板126被置於製程區402中,其可位於基板輸送單 元408上且於面朝下之配置,此時主基座之自動控制裝置 10 120自製程區4〇2中收回,且關閉通道埠404。該氣體來源可 視製程需求,持續地提供氮氣於製程區402的内部空間,以 減少其内部的含氧量。上述方法可開啟一個以上之排氣口 或排放裝置,以使製程區402内部與周圍相連通。 當基板126位於輸送單元408且製程區内已充斥氮氣 I5 4 ’ 5亥輸送單元408可將基板運送至支撐元件412中。具體 而言’輸送單元408經由樞軸移動可將基板126運送至支撐 元件412的下方處,且支撐元件412可降低基材支撐表面6〇8 至最接近基板背部的位置,以促使基材支撐表面608接觸基 板之背部。此時,基板126可經由真空孔洞610而被吸附, 2〇 且於支撐表面608之間形成一密閉空間。隨後,支撐元件412 可將基板126自輸送單元408中垂直升起,且輸送單元408係 以樞軸轉動方式離開基板126。 接著’將基板126下降至製程單元414内的流體盆620, 其中,基板126可由一介電清洗液所清洗,且其介電清洗液 25 200523391 包含至少一酸液(如草酸、氫氟酸、及/或氫氯酸)與/或至少 一防鏽劑。該防鏽劑可包含任一種化學合成物,例如:含 有一雜氮基(如:benzotriazole、硫醇基-benzotriazole、或 5-甲基-1 _ benzotriazole)的有機化合物。該介電清洗步驟可 5 利用加熱帶612來活化反應,使基板溫度約介於20°C至60°C 之間。 一般而言,介電清洗液可用以將金屬化的殘餘物移除 於介電層所暴露之表部,且於清洗製程中,防鏽劑可保護 銅金屬層暴露之部分。若金屬化的殘餘物未移除,則不需 10 要的無電沉積反應之沈積將形成而覆蓋於殘餘物的上方。 本發明又一具體實施例中,當基板完成介電清洗步驟 後,可被傳送至工作平臺400。本實施例之製程程序將簡化 而跳過介電清洗步驟,並接著進行銅清洗步驟,其内容將 詳述於下。 15 當介電清洗步驟完成後,反應製程可持續進行一銅的 清洗步驟,且此部分的製程可於製程單元414中進行。具體 而言,支撐元件412將基板自製程流體中升起且移除後,製 程流體可由介電清洗液轉換為銅清洗液。因此,當銅清洗 液位於製程空間620中時,基板126可再次下降至該銅清洗 20 液中。一適當具體實施例之銅清洗液可為美國加州一間公 司(Applied Materials.)所購得之Electra CleanTM溶液;另一 具體實施例之銅清洗液可更包括硫酸與氫氯酸;再一具體 實施例之銅清洗液可更包括草酸與過氧化物。 26 200523391 銅清洗液可用以移除銅氧化物與任何殘餘的介電清洗 液,例如:銅清洗液可移除抗鏽劑,其係來自於留置銅金 屬層暴露部分的介電清洗液中。若抗鏽劑未清除,則隨後 製程步驟中,留置銅金屬層暴露部分的抗鏽劑會抑制覆蓋 5 材料形成及/或吸附於此金屬層。一具體實施例中,一由銅 清洗液所蝕刻之介電材料層厚度可略低於50A,較佳可略低 於30A ;且銅金屬層之厚度亦可略低於50A,較佳可略低於 30A。 於銅清洗步驟後,可利用支撐元件412將基板傳送至製 10 程單元416中,其中一活化液可使用於基板上。製程單元416 之結構相似於製程單元414(如圖6所示),且支撐元件412將 基板126浸沒於製程單元420之詳細過程將於此略過。於製 程單元416之活化室中,一具體實施例之活化液可包含鈀 鹽,且把鹽舉例可包含 chlorides、bromides、fluorides、 15 fluoborates、 iodides、nitrates、sulfates、carbonyls、金屬 酸的鹽類、以及其混合者;較佳之把鹽可含有chlorides(如: 氯化鈀PdCl2)、氯鉑酸、以及其混合。介於該製程單元414 中銅清洗製程結束與該該製程單元416中活化液製程開始 之等候時間,一般可低於15秒以内,較佳可於5秒以内。因 20 此,支撐元件412可迅速地由製程單元414中的銅清洗液轉 移至製程單元416中的活化液。 活化液一般可用以沈積一活化之金屬晶種層於已暴露 之銅特徵表面上,且於清洗後其銅金屬層暴露部分的氧化 物將決定金屬晶種層沈積於所暴露銅金屬層上,其原因係 27 200523391 為習知中銅氧化物相較於銅金屬有一較高的電阻。一惰性 氣體的環境可有助於避免所暴露之銅金屬層其氧化,因 此,介於銅清洗製程與活化製程之間的等候時間可減少氧 化反應的發生。 5 在活化製程完成後,基板126可再次移回製程單元414 或移至製程單元418中,其中一活化後之清洗液可使用於基 板126上;該活化後之清洗液包含至少一酸液(如草酸、氣 氟酸、及/或氫氣酸且介於該製程單元414中銅清洗製程 結束與該該製程單元416中活化液製程開始之等候時間,一 10 般可低於15秒以内,較佳可於5秒以内。 活化後之清洗液一般可於所暴露之介電層表面上,移 除任一活化之金屬晶種層,而使活化之金屬晶種層僅可留 置於已暴露之銅金屬層表面上。其留置於介電層所暴露表 面上的金屬晶種層經由無電沉積反應的沈積,於此會形成 15 不需要的覆蓋材料。 活化層清洗完畢後,基板可轉移至製程單元42〇中,當 一無電沉積液使用於基板表面時,一覆蓋層可選擇性地經 由無電沉積之反應,而沈積於銅金屬層上所暴露之活化部 分。此覆蓋層包括 CoP、CoWP、CoB、CoWB、CoWPB、 20 NiB或NiWB,且較佳可包括CoWp4C〇wpB。無電沉積液 可包括至少一金屬鹽類或還原試劑,其組成可取決於所欲 沈積之覆蓋層材料,且無電沉積液亦可包含習知所使用之 pH調整劑,如酸或鹼。 右k擇性的覆蓋層内含有始金屬時,則無電沉積液一 28 200523391 般可含有一結鹽,舉例其始鹽可包括chlorides、bromides、 fluorides、fluoborates、iodides、nitrates、sulfates、carbonyls、 金屬酸的鹽類、以及其混合者;較佳之鈷鹽可含有硫化鈷、 氯化鈷、或其混合。若沈積一含有鎢金屬之覆蓋層,則無 5 電沉積液一般可含有一鶴鹽,舉例其鎢鹽可包括chlorides、 bromides、fluorides、fluoborates、iodides、nitrates、sulfates、 carbonyls、金屬酸的鹽類、以及其混合者;較佳之鎢鹽可 含有鎢酸之鹽類(如:鎢酸銨或四曱基鎢酸銨)。若沈積一含 有鎳金屬之覆蓋層,則無電沉積液一般可含有一鎳鹽,舉 10 例其鎳鹽可包括 chlorides、bromides、fluorides、 fluoborates、iodides、nitrates、sulfates、carbonyls、金屬 酸的鹽類、以及其混合者。 選擇性的覆蓋材料可包含磷化物,如:CoP、CoWP、 或CoWPB,且還原試劑較佳可包括一碟化物,如次亞填酸 15 納。若覆蓋材料包含硼化合物,如:C〇B、CoWB、CoWPB, 則還原劑可包令—棚化合物,如棚氫化鈉、二曱基胺棚烧 (dimethylamine-borane)、或其混合物。上述所提及之還原 劑亦可包含聯胺化合物。 無電沉積液及/或基板可加熱至一溫度範圍約介於40 20 t至80°C之間。於本發明一態樣中’加熱該無電沉積液及/ 或基板可提升無電沉積的沈積速率。此一具體實施例之覆 蓋材料所沈積的速率可為100 A/min以上,且其較佳沈積速 率可為200 A/min以上。另一具體實施例中,覆蓋材料所沈 積的厚度可約介於100 A至200 A之範圍,且較佳沈積厚度 29 200523391 、、為〇入Λ、、:而’如何保持基板受熱均勻亦是製程中的 一大關鍵,其中無電沉積製程的沈積速率與溫度有很大的 關連因此’本發明亦可使用如圖6所示之加熱帶⑴及,或 一具有溫度控制的製程用流體供應源。 ”當無電沉積的沈積過程已將所需要的覆蓋層之厚度完 成後,一個沈積後的清洗步驟將於基板表面進行。支撐元 :41〇可將基板轉移至製程單元川中,進行沈積後的製 %。本發明之-具體實施例中,沈積後的清洗步驟可用以 移除多餘的覆蓋材料,且其覆蓋材料乃為介電層上所暴露 的部分。 完成沈積後清洗步驟後,基板126可自製程區402中移 除’上述:般步驟可包括:利用支撐元件4聰基板轉移至 基板輸送單元408後,主基座的自動控制裝置12〇可進入製 私區402的内# ’並且將基板126自基板輸送單元彻中移 20
因此,主基座的自動控制裝置120可將基板126再傳送 至其中一製程單元114、116内’並隨後進行-基板的潤洗 與乾燥製程㈣。本發明—具體實施狀基板,可在一旋 轉-潤洗·乾燥室内進行乾燥步驟;另—具體實施例之基板乾 燥,可於-揮發乾燥室中進行。其中,揮發乾燥的製程可 包括導入-表面張力較低的揮發性物質至基板上,例如一 揮發性的有機化合物(voc)e舉例而言,—揮發性有機化合 物可於相鄰所吸附之流體中,m流氣體(如:氣 至基板上。揮發性有機化合物的導入可造成表面張力下 30 200523391 降,促使液體遠離基板表面,進而達成乾燥之目的。本發 明又-具體實施例中,相較於其他乾燥方式,利用揮發而 乾燥基板之方法可減少水痕的產生。 當基板126已完成潤洗與乾燥製程,自動控制穿置132 5可將基板126傳送至退火室135,且基板的退火製程㈣於 去除介電層或金屬層細孔中所吸附的水分或濕氣。於此配 置中,基板可藉由-阻抗式加熱器或熱源加熱約至細。c 〜350。(:之溫度範圍。 上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已,本發明所 φ K)主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準,而非僅限 於上述貫施例。 【圖式簡單說明】 15 20
圖1係本發明-較佳實施例之_無電沉積系統之平面圖。 圖2係本發明-較佳實施例之_無電沉積平臺之平面圖。 圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之一無電沉積平臺之平面圖。 圖3A係本發明一較佳實施例之一無電沉積平臺之平面圖 圖4係本發明-較佳實施例之_無電沉積平臺之平面圖。 圖5係本發明-較佳實施例圖4部分放大之示意圖。 圖6係本發明—較佳實施例之-流體工作室局部放大圖。 圖7係本發明一較佳實施例之一承載裝置之放大示意圖。 圖8係本*明-較佳實施例之_基板輸送單元放大示意層 31 200523391 【主要元件符號說明】 100 處理系統 102 製程單元 104 製程單元 (工作平臺) 106 製程單元 108 製程單元 110 製程單元 111 製程控制器 112 製程單元 113 主基座 114 製程單元 115 連通管道 116 製程單元 120自動控制裝置 122 機械手臂 124 機械手臂126 基板 130工廠介® 丨132自動控制裝詈 134 基板承載處 135退火室136冷卻盤 137加熱盤 140 自動控制裝置 150 執道 160 度f /檢測站 200 工作平臺 202 基板承載裝置 204 軸點 206 基板支樓元件 300 工作平臺 302 製程區 304 通道埠 306 氣體供應源 350 工作平臺 351 輸送單元352 支撐元件353支撐元件 400工作平臺 402 製程區 404 通道埠 406氣體供應源408輸送單元 410 支撐元件 412 支撐元件 414 製程單元 416 製程單元 418 製程單元 420 製程單元 600 流體工作室 602 槽體 604 承載裝置 606 基板支撐元件 608 支撑表面 610 真空孔洞 612 加熱帶 614 基板 615 流體盆 616 盆體表面 618 流體堰 620 製程區 621 封環 622 流體孔洞 624 流體排出口 704 軸點 708 傳動齒輪 712 傳動齒輪 714 垂直柱 716 手臂元件 718 軸線 802 樞軸點 804 樞軸支臂元件 806 基板支撐表面
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Claims (1)

  1. 200523391 十、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種半導體製程之流體沈積系統,包括: 一主基座’係具有一輸送基板之自動控制裝置;以及 複數個基板製程區,係位於該主基座上,且與該輪送 5 基板之自動控制裝置相連結; 其中’該每一基板製程區内具有至少一基板流體工作 室。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之流體沈積系統,其 中,該至少一基板流體工作室係包括一無電沉積之流體活 10 化室、以及一無電沉積之流體沈積室,且該沈積室係相鄰 於該活化室,並位於該基板製程區中。 3·如申請專利範圍第2項所述之流體沈積系統,更包 括一基板輸送單元,係位於該流體活化室以及該流體沈積 室之間,且用以輸送基板來回於該流體活化室以及該流體 15 沈積室。 4·如申請專利範圍第2項所述之流體沈積系統,其中 該流體活化室以及該流體沈積室係各別包括一基板支撐裝 置,於流體製程期間,其係用以支擇該工作室内之一基板, 且該基板支撐裝置内含有一溫度控制配件。 20 5 ·如申請專利範圍第4項所述之流體沈積系統,其中 該溫度控制配件係包括複數個各別獨立控制之加熱元件, 且位於該基板支撐裝置内。 6·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之流體沈積系統,更包 括一製程用之氣體源、以及一製程用之氣體排放系統,其 33 200523391 係流體連通於該基板製程區内。 7·如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之流體沈積系統,其中 更包括一基板清洗室,係位於該主基座内。 8·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之流體沈積系統,更包 5括一系統控制器,係用以控制製程中該氣體源與該氣體^ 放系統之操作,以使該基板製程區内之含氧量約低於 lOOppm 〇 9·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之流體沈積系統,其中 該氣體源係包含氮氣源、氦氣源、氬氣源、以及氫氣源之 10 至少一種。 10·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之流體沈積系統,更包 括一退火室,係相連結於該主基座。 11. 一種無電沉積之流體處理裝置,係包括: 一基板製程區,係位於一基板製程系統内,且該基板 15製程區内具有一通道埠,允許外部之自動控制裝置進出該 基板製程區之内部; 一無電沉積之活化室,係位於該基板製程區之内部; 一無電沉積之沈積室,係位於該基板製程區之内部; 一基板輸送單元,係位於該基板製程區内之該活化室 20 與該沈積室之間。 12·如申請專利範圍第11項所述之流體處理裝置,更包 括一製程用之氣體源,其係選擇性地流體連通於該基板製 程區内部;一製程用之氣體排放系統,其係選擇性地流體 34 200523391 連通於該基板製程區内部;以及一控制器,其係電連通於 該製程用之氣體源與該氣體排放系統。 13·如申請專利範圍第12項所述之流體處理裝置,其中 該控制器係用以同時控制製程中該氣體源與該氣體排放系 5 統之操作,以使該基板製程區内部之含氧量約低於i〇0ppm。 14·如申請專利範圍第11項所述之流體處理裝置,其中 該無電沉積之活化室,該沈積室中之至少一種包括有一可 加熱之基板支撐元件。 15·如申請專利範圍第14項所述之流體處理裝置,其中 10 該可加熱之基板支撐元件係包括一基板支撐平臺,其用以 承載一基板於製程中,且該平臺内具有複數個各別獨立控 制之加熱源。 16·如申請專利範圍第11項所述之流體處理裝置,更包 括一退火室,係相連結於該基板製程系統。 15 17· 一種無電沈積金屬於一半導體基板之方法,係包括 以下步驟: 將一基板置入一基板製程區内之一流體工作室; 同日入 I程用之氣體進入該基板製程區内,並且 排放讜製程用之氣體,以使該基板製程區内部之含氧量約 20 低於 lOOppm ; 喷灑一活化液於該流體工作室之該基板; 喷灑一無電 >儿積液於該流體工作室之該基板;以及 自s亥基板製程區内,移除該基板。 35 200523391 18·如申請專利範圍第17項所述之方法,其中該喷灑一 活化液更包括以下步驟··於喷灑該活化液之前,先喷灑一 清洗液於該基板;以及於喷灑該活化液之後,噴灑」潤洗 液於該基板。 5 I9.如申請專利範圍第17項所述之方法,其中該噴灑該 無電沉積液於該基板表面更包括以下步驟··於噴灑該活^ 液之前,先噴灑一清洗液,一潤洗液之至少一種於該基板。 20. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之方法,更包括以下步 驟:於該活化液’該無電沉積液之至少一種噴灑之期間, φ 1〇利用-可加熱之基板支撐元件承載該基才反,以控制該製程 喷灑期間之該基板溫度。 21. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述之方法’其中喷灑该活 化液更包括一步驟:將該基板置於該基板製程區内之」益 電沉積之活化室。 … 15 22·如申請專利範圍第21項所述之太氺甘山+ /r遢之方法,其中噴灑該無 $沉積液更包括-步驟:將該基板置於一無電沉積之沈積 室内,且該沈積室係相鄰於該活化室,並位於該基板製程 # 36
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