TW201007777A - Conducting film or electrode with improved optical and electrical performance - Google Patents
Conducting film or electrode with improved optical and electrical performance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201007777A TW201007777A TW098120292A TW98120292A TW201007777A TW 201007777 A TW201007777 A TW 201007777A TW 098120292 A TW098120292 A TW 098120292A TW 98120292 A TW98120292 A TW 98120292A TW 201007777 A TW201007777 A TW 201007777A
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- conductive layer
- layer
- transparent
- electrode
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0274—Optical details, e.g. printed circuits comprising integral optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/032—Organic insulating material consisting of one material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/05—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate
- H05K1/053—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate the metal substrate being covered by an inorganic insulating layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/05—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate
- H05K1/056—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate the metal substrate being covered by an organic insulating layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K1/115—Via connections; Lands around holes or via connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
- G02F1/133521—Interference filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/34—Colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0104—Properties and characteristics in general
- H05K2201/0108—Transparent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0338—Layered conductor, e.g. layered metal substrate, layered finish layer or layered thin film adhesion layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10128—Display
- H05K2201/10136—Liquid Crystal display [LCD]
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Description
201007777 六、發明說明: 【先前技術】 -種膽固醇型液晶(ChLC)材料係由一向列型液晶及一對 掌性添加劑摻合在一起而組成’卩自發地形成具有一經良 好定義之螺距的-螺旋結構。該螺距決定由該材料反射之 . 錢波長及由此決定其之色彩。亦可藉由改變向列型液晶 、謂掌性組份的比例而調整色彩。藉由制適當的驅動方 帛,一ChLC顯示器中之一像素可在其平面反射(有色的)狀 • •態與其半透明焦錐狀態之間切換。在-ChLC器件中,來 自該等電極之反射可發生,並且該等反射係非所要的,因 為其等反射使器件的性能降級。 【發明内容】 與本發明-致的-種導電膜及電極包括—基板及由一透 明或半透明之介入層所分離之兩個透明或半透明導電層。 介入層有助於減少發生於合併該電極之一器件中之非需要 φ 的界面反射,該介入層包含位於該兩個導電層之間之導電 路徑。相對於具有才目同組合$電層厚度之兩個電絕緣導電 層’此改良了導電膜或電極的電屬性。 【實施方式】 本發明之實施例係關於具有改良電學及光學屬性之顯示 基板電極。該等電極可用於其中例如層與層之間所形成的 反射係有損於器件性能的任何顯示器中。該等電極亦可用 於各種類型的顯不材料中,例如ChLC材料或電致變色材 料。術語厂顯示材料」係指藉由-顯示器件中之-電極而 140974.doc 201007777 活化的任何類型之材料。其他可合併該等電極的顯示器件 包含觸控螢幕、液晶顯示器及有機發光二極體(〇LED)器 件。該等電極亦可用於其他非顯示器件中,舉例而言,諸 如被動式窗、智慧型窗、太陽能電池及光電器件。 本發明之其他實施例包含非用作一顯示器件電極之一導 電膜。這種導電膜可用於其中導電性為紅外線反射提供必 要條件之膜應用中。該等膜應用包含以下實例:窗、照明 設備、建築、汽車、器具及科學儀器。該等導電膜也可用於 照明及投影機,其中該膜透射可見光且該膜反射紅外線熱。 該電極或導電膜包含具有一特定折射率的兩個或兩個以 上導電層及介入導電或絕緣層,該等介入導電或絕緣層具 有一不同之折射率且具有導電路徑。該等導電層及介入層 各為透明或半透明。當此等基板被併入於一ChLC顯示器 中時,調諧電極堆疊中的個別層之厚度及個別層之光折射 率,以最小化非所要之菲涅耳(Fresnel)反射。在一較佳實 施例中,該等導電層係對稱的,這意謂著該等導電層具有 相同的厚度。在其他實施例中,該等導電層可具有不同的 厚度》 這種電極構造顯著改良了顯示器之黑階、色彩飽和度且 由此改良顯示器之對比度。此外,該等介入層允許該電極 之該等導電層之間的電接觸。結果,多層電極之導電性高 於堆疊中該等個別導電層之導電性。由於顯示器的大小可 能受限於電極之片電阻,該多層電極能製造更大的顯示面 板。相較於具有單層電極之器件’使用多層電極製造之顯 140974.doc 201007777 示器展現出經顯著改良的電學及光學性能。 不同於一習知的基於向列型液晶(NLC)之顯示器,一 ChLC顯示器不需要偏光或彩色濾光器,此導致成本可能 更低的一更簡單之器件構造。在一全彩NLC顯示器中, 紅-綠-藍(RGB)子像素係並列配置。結果,該等個別RGB 原色之每一者僅佔據三分之一的檢視區。另一方面,每個 ChLC RGB子像素反射一單原色的同時透射其他兩個單原色。 圖1繪示一單色ChLC顯示器10,其包含一堆疊,該堆疊 具有處於如圖所示之組態的以下層:一基板12、一電極 14、一 ChLC材料16、一電極18、一基板20,及一黑吸收 體22。來自ChLC材料16之一反射26造成一顯示色彩。界 面反射24及28可發生於層之間,例如在基板與電極之界面 處,而該等界面反射是非所要的。一全彩ChLC顯示器可 藉由堆叠一組RGB面板而組成,其中該等個別RGB子像素 係重疊於彼此的頂端並反射光譜中的不同區域。顯示面板 的背面塗有一寬頻吸收體22,其吸收先前層未反射之光。 吸收體包含以下例示性材料:KRYLON消光或光滑黑色的 丙烯酸瓷喷漆。 圖2繪示用於一 ChLC顯示器之一先前技術電極30。一基 板38為器件提供支撐。該先前技術電極包含由一介電聚合 物連續層34所分離之兩層透明導電氧化物(TCO)層32及 36。基板可使用以下例示性材料製:玻璃、PET、PEN(聚 乙烯萘)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮)、PES(聚醚 颯)、PAR(多芳基化合物)、PI(聚醯亞胺)、PMMA、 140974.doc 201007777 PCO(多環烯烃)、TAC(纖維素三乙酸酯)及聚胺基甲酸酯。 透明導電氧化物包含以下例示性材料:氧化銦錫、氧化銦 鋅、氧化鎘、Zn2Sn04、ZnSn03、Mgln204、Galn03、 (Ga,In)2〇3、Ζη21η205、In4Sn3012、Sn02及 ln203。 一 ChLC顯示器中的每個子像素都包含夾於兩個導電基 板之間之ChLC材料。可使用光學黏著劑將該等子像素接 合在一起。或者’可於每個基板的兩側面上塗佈並圖案化 導體,以消除光學黏著層。可包含紅色及黃色彩色濾光器 以改良色飽和度及最小化視角之色移。所檢視到的每個堆 吞像素之色彩係藉由每個子像素之反射的總和而決定。 RGB二原色利用全部檢視區使得顯著改良亮度。 在顯示器開啟(反射)狀態中,由一像素反射之光包含 ChLC平面反射及在每一界面上因折射率失配引起的非所 要之菲/圼耳反射’由反射24及28表示。菲淫耳反射典型地 為寬頻且因此使顯示器的色飽和度降級。在顯示器關閉狀 態,由一像素反射之光包含來自半透明焦錐狀態之散射及 界面菲涅耳反射。此等反射使顯示器的黑階降級且因此使 低對比度降級。 菲淫耳反射的量值取決於界面處之折射率的比率。在法 線入射下,其係由以下方程式決定: vw + l> ηι 140974.doc 201007777 其中η係具有折射率n2、ni之兩個介質之相對折射率。菲 涅耳反射在具有最高相對折射率之界面上為最強。圖 不之器件10之不同層之折射率如下:對於電極n=2 〇、對 於基板n=i.65,及對於ChLC材料n=1 55。在器件1〇中,因 此,最间折射率步階發生於高折射率氧化銦錫(IT〇)透明 • 電極與聚對苯二甲酸乙二(醇)酯(PET)基板或ChLC之間之 • 界面上。器件10包含兩個ITO/PET界面及兩個IT〇/chL(:界 籲 面。取決於照明及檢視幾何,來自此等界面之寬頻菲涅耳 反射可能超過該ChLC的反射性,使顯示器的性能大幅降 級。 相比較而§,本發明之實施例的電極設計同時產生很好 的光學及電學性能。該電極設計中的介入層係具有導電路 徑之一透明或半透明層,該等導電路徑實現該兩個導電層 之間之電接觸。可藉由控制該介入層之厚度及沈積條件而 自然形成該等導電路徑。亦可調整離基板最近的第一導電 φ 層之化學及物理屬性,以致使能夠藉由改變介入層之潤濕 屬性而形成此等導電路徑,使得介入層為不連續以允許鄰 近層之間的電接觸。或者,可使用諸如雷射剝蝕、離子轟 , 擊或濕式/乾式蝕刻之技術建立該等導電路徑。 . 可使用氣相沈積技術(諸如濺鍍、電子束及熱蒸鍍)而沈 積該介入層。亦可用溶液塗佈形成該介入層。亦可使用一 超障壁膜製程,其中將一單體蒸鍍於該基板上並在原位固 化。超障壁膜包含多層膜,該等多層膜係例如藉由順序地 真二沈積兩種無機介電材料於一玻璃或其他合適之基板上 140974.doc 201007777 的多個層中而製成,或者為無機材料及有機聚合物之交替 層’如美國專利第5,440,446號、第5,877,895號及第 6’010’751號中所描述,該等所有專利係如同被充分闞述一 般以引用的方式併入本文中。 一實施例係呈現為圖3之一器件電極4〇。此電極包含兩 個高折射率tco或半透明導電氧化物導電層42及5〇,該兩 個導電層42及50係藉由具有導電路徑之一低折射率透明或 半透明層46所分離,該等導電路徑包括延伸穿過透明層邨 中之孔隙48以連接該等電極42及50之導電鏈路44。基板52 為器件提供支撐。分開緣示該等層以說明原理。 在另一實施例中’如圖4之器件電極54中所示,該介入 層係一透明或半透明導體,其折射率低於其任意側上之導 電層之折射率。在電極54中,該介入導電層58可在該兩個 相鄰之tco或半透明導電氧化物導電層56與6〇之間提供連 續導電路徑。基板62為顯示器提供支撐。該介入層58可包 括經溶液塗佈或電沈積之一導電聚合物。該介入層58亦可 為一氣相沈積透明導想。導電聚合物包含以下例示性材 料:聚苯胺、聚呲咯、聚噻吩及pED〇T/pss(-聚(3 4二氧 乙基嗟吩)/聚本乙烯續酸)。該等導電層之組合厚度受限於 片電阻需求’同時針對所要之光學屬性來最佳化該等個別 層之厚度。 在又另一實施例中,如圖5之器件電極64所示,該介入 層包括散佈於一黏結劑中之導電顆粒。黏結劑68中之導電 顆粒70在該等TCO或半透明導電氧化物之導電層66及72之 140974.doc 201007777 間提供導電路徑。一基板74為器件提供支撐。該黏結劑可 為導電的或絕緣的。該等導電顆粒可為有機、無機或金 屬。可藉由改變該黏結劑及該等導電顆粒之體積分率而調 整該介入層之折射率。 基質及植入之導電奈米顆粒可包含以下各者。該基質可 •包含任何透明或半透明(導電或絕緣)聚合物(例如丙烯酸 -酯、甲基丙烯酸酯,或以上所列之該等導電聚合物),或 導電的(例如以上所列之TC0)或絕緣的(Si〇2、氮化石夕 籲 (SlxNy)、氧化鋅(Zn〇)、氧化鋁(Al2〇3)或氟化鎂(MgF2))透 明或半透明無機材料。該等導電奈米顆粒可包含諸如以上 所列之導電聚合物,或金屬(例如銀、金、錄、路)。若該 基質導電則該等奈米顆粒可為絕緣,特定言之,其等可為 以上所列之絕緣材料的奈米顆粒(例如si〇2、氮化矽、氧 化鋅或其他絕緣材料)。 雖然上述貫施例包含由一介入層所分離的兩個透明或半 φ 透明導電層,但取決於所要之光學及電學屬性,可增添額 外的透明或半透明導電層及介入層,如圖6及圖7所示。圖 6及圖7所示之器件電極76及90包含作為一單一電極發揮作 - 用的以下層··多個透明或半透明導電層78、82及86 ;位於 .該等導電層之間的介入透明或半透明層8〇及84 ;及一基板 88。亦可增添額外的導電層及介入層,使得該電極具有經 最佳化或經調諧以用於一特定器件的任意數目之層。此 外,當該電極用於一顯示器件時,取決於切換機制(例 如,受電流或電場媒動),與顯示媒體接觸的層可為絕緣 140974.doc 201007777 的或導電的’諸如圖6所示之導電層78或圖7所示之絕緣層 92 ° 對於三色ChLC顯示器’每一色彩之電極可經設計或調 諸成適於一特定波長範圍以最小化界面反射。表1包含一 ChLC顯示器件中用於個別色彩之一經最佳化的電極構造 (RGB ChLC材料層)的以奈米(nm)為單位之厚度。 ____ 表 1 η 電極 導電層(ΙΤΟ) 介入層 導電層(ΙΤΟ)- 藍層 20 42.8 20 ^ 綠層 20 46.88 20 ' 紅層 ~20 ~' 56.11 ~20 〜 實例 製成具有如圖4中所示之三層電極設計的基板。該介入 層係由使用上文確定的超障壁製程沈積之丙烯酸酯聚合物 組成’該兩個導電層係由濺射沈積之IT〇組成。具有不同 之介入層及ΙΤΟ層厚度的三層式電極係製造於一卷〇〇〇5英 忖厚之PET上’如表2中確定。 -—-- --- 表 2 —-- 設計 ΙΤΟ 1 fpm 聚合物 ITO 2 fpm fpm 1 --3.8 68 3^8~~~ 2 - 68 43~- 3 ---- 4.8 68 4.8 4 -_4.8 66 ί8 ~ 5 ---3.8 66 3.8 6 -_3.8 64 1 3.8 7 --43 64 43~~~~ 8 ___4.8 64 4^8 ~~~ 140974.doc -10- 4 4201007777 該等個別層之厚度係由該膜橫跨IT〇及超障壁膜沈積源 之速度所決定,該速度之單位為英尺每分鐘(fpm) ^越快 之速度產生越薄之層。此等樣品之片電阻之測量係使用測 量該兩個1το層之組合導電性的非接觸式探針(Delcom)及 測量頂端曝光表面之導電性的表面接觸4-探針儀器。兩種 測量技術在測量誤差内產生了相等之片電阻值,指示該介 入層允許該兩個相鄰ITO層之間的電接觸。 將使用具有折射率匹配之三層電極之基板,與使用具有 單層折射率不匹配之電極之基板製成的全彩RGB、chLC 器件相比較。寬頻、界面反射對於折射率不匹配之電極係 更為明顯的。相對於具有折射率匹配之電極的器件而言, 此等反射使色飽和度降級。 具有折射率匹配之電極之器件的色域比具有折射率不匹 配之電極之器件的大三倍。相對於具有折射率匹配之電極 之器件’更強的界面反射亦使具有折射率不匹配之電極之 器件的黑階降級。結果,定義為白狀態對黑狀態之亮度 (CIE Y)之比率的對比度對於具有折射率匹配之電極之器 件係更高的。 器件亦係由三層式電極基板製成,其中該介入層係由取 代超障壁膜層之一無機材料Si〇2組成。三層式電極由 ITO(20 nm)/Si02(42 nm)/lT〇(20 nm)組成,其等係濺鍍於5 密耳(mil)之 PET(Dupont Teijin,ST-5〇4)i。當併入於 ChLC、RGB器件中時,此等基板也展現出經改良的電學 及光學屬性。對於具有折射率匹配之三層式電極的器件, 140974.doc 201007777 色飽和度(色域)及對比度皆係明顯更高。就該三層式折射 率匹配之電極而言’色域大四倍以上且對比度高五倍以 上。 一層式電極設計也實現低的片電阻與良好的光學性能之 結〇。每個介入之低折射率層都允許相鄰透明導電層之間 之電接觸。結果多層式電極之導電性係由所有導電層之組 合厚度所決定。一顯示器係由具有該三層式電極之基板製 成。與使用單層電極之基板相比,此基板之較低的片電阻 (約100歐姆/平方)實現極佳的顯示一致性在橫跨顯示器 之圖案内無褪色。可觀察到色飽和度及顯示一致性兩者皆 極佳。 【圖式簡單說明】 附圖係併入於本說明書中且構成本說明書之一部分,並 與[實施方式]一起解釋本發明之優點及原理。在圖中, 圖1係一單色ChLC顯示器構造之一透視圖; 圖2係用於ChLC顯示器之一先前技術電極之圖式; 圖3係含一具有導電路徑之一介入層之ChLC顯示電極之 圖式; 圖4係具有一介入導電層之一 ChLc顯示電極之圖式; 圖5係具有一介入層之一 chLC顯示電極之圖式,該介入 層具有散佈於一黏結劑中之導電顆粒; 圖6係具有多個介入層及待與一顯示媒體接觸之一絕緣 層的一ChLC顯示電極之圖式;及 囷7係具有多個介入層及待與一顯示媒體接觸之—導電 140974.doc -12- 201007777 層的一 ChLC顯示電極之圖式。 【主要元件符號說明】 •參 ❹ 10 單色ChLC顯示器 12 基板 14 電極 16 ChLC材料 18 電極 20 基板 22 黑吸收體 24 界面反射 26 反射 28 界面反射 30 先前技術電極 32 TCO層 34 介電聚合物連續層 36 TCO層 38 基板 40 器件電極 42 高折射率導電層 44 導電鏈路 46 低折射率介入層 48 孔隙 50 高折射率導電層 52 基板 140974.doc -13· 201007777 54 器件電極 56 TCO或半透明導電氧化物導電層 58 介入導電層 60 TCO或半透明導電氧化物導電層 62 基板 64 器件電極 66 TCO或半透明導電氧化物之導電層 68 黏結劑 70 導電顆粒 72 TCO或半透明導電氧化物之導電層 74 基板 76 器件電極 78 透明或半透明導電層 80 介入透明或半透明導電層 82 透明或半透明導電層 84 介入透明或半透明導電層 86 透明或半透明導電層 88 基板 90 器件電極 92 絕緣層 140974.doc •14-
Claims (1)
- 201007777 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種透明或半透明導電膜,其包括按以下順序配置之 層: 一第一透明或半透明導電層; 一第二透明或半透明導電層; 一透明或半透明介入層,其位於該第一導電層與該第 二導電層之間;及 一基板;其中該介入層包含介於該第一導電層與該第二導電層 之間之導電路徑。 2. 如請求項丨之導電膜,其中該第一導電層與該第二導電 層及該介入層之厚m學折射率係經選擇以提供合併 該電極之一器件中的一特定減少量之光學反射。D 3. 如:求項!之導電膜,其中該第一導電層及該第二導電 層每一者包括一透明或半透明導電氧化物。 4. 項1之導電琪’其中該介入層包括一介電聚合物 材料或一無機介電材料。 5. 如請求们之導電膜,其中該基板包括聚對苯二甲酸乙 6.如請求項1之導電膜,其 A I你;丨八f巴彷一导電層, 導電層之折射率不同於該第-導電層及該第二導電層: 折射率》 ▼电嘈之 導電膜其中該等導電路徑包括延伸穿 介於該第一導雷 τ牙過 等電層與該第二導電層之間的孔隙之導電鍵 140974.doc 201007777 路。 8. 如請求項1之導電膜,其中該介入層包括一黏結劑,且 其中該等導電路徑包括懸置於該黏結劑中並延伸於該第 一導電層與該第二導電層之間之導電顆粒。 9. 如請求項1之導電膜,其進一步包括一絕緣層,該絕緣 層係位於在與該介入層相反側上的該第一導電層上。 1〇·如請求項1之導電膜,其進一步包括一第三透明或半透 明導電層及位於該第一導電層與該第三導電層之間之另 一透明或半透明介入層。 11. 如請求項丨之導電膜,其中該膜包括一電極。 12. —種顯示器件,其包括按以下順序配置之層: 一第一基板; 一第一電極; 一顯示材料;. 第_電極;及 一第二基板; 其中該第一電極及該第二電極各包括: 一第一透明或半透明導電層; 一第一透明或半透明導電層;及 位於該第一導電層與該第二導電層之間的一透明或 半透明介入層; 其中該介入層包含介於該第一導電層與該第二導電 層之間之導電路徑。 13. 如请求項12之器件’其進一纟包括一黑吸收趙,該黑吸 140974.doc -2- 201007777 收體係定位為在與該第二電極相反側上緊鄰於該第二基 板。 14. 如請求項12之器件,其中該第一導電層及該第二導電層 各包括一透明或半透明導電氧化物。 15. 如請求項12之器件,其中該介入層包括一介電聚合物材 料或一無機介電材料。 16_如請求項12之器件,其中該基板包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二 (醇)S旨。 17.如請求項12之器件,其中該介入層包括一導電層該導 電層之折射率不同於該第一導電層及該第二導電層之折 射率。 18·如請求項12之器件,其中該等導電路徑包括延伸穿過該 第-導電層與該第二導電層之間的孔隙之導電鏈路。 丨9_如請求項12之器件’其中該介入層包括一黏結劑且其 中該等導電路徑包括懸置於該黏結劑中並 導電層與該第二導電層之間之導電顆粒。f、該第 2。_=求項12之器件,其進一步包括位於該第一導電層與 該顯示材料之間之一絕緣層。 21.如請求項12之器件,其中該 , 晶材料。 ㈣匕括-膽固醇型液 之器件,其中該第—導電層之厚度與該第二 导罨層之厚度實質上係相同的。 140974.doc
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2008
- 2008-06-18 US US12/141,544 patent/US20090316060A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-06-09 JP JP2011514690A patent/JP5543445B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-09 EP EP09767474A patent/EP2300869A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-09 CN CN201510980460.XA patent/CN105425479A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-09 KR KR1020117001009A patent/KR101595594B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-09 CN CN200980121521XA patent/CN102057318A/zh active Pending
- 2009-06-09 WO PCT/US2009/046691 patent/WO2009155164A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-17 TW TW098120292A patent/TWI494955B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-05-22 US US13/477,338 patent/US8854589B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-09-25 US US14/496,203 patent/US9402305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-06-21 US US15/187,827 patent/US20160309583A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9150005B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2015-10-06 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Low water-vapor permeable composite film and packaging structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101595594B1 (ko) | 2016-02-18 |
| JP5543445B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
| US20160309583A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
| US20090316060A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| US20120229746A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| EP2300869A4 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
| WO2009155164A2 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
| US9402305B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
| US8854589B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 |
| CN102057318A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
| EP2300869A2 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
| WO2009155164A3 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
| CN105425479A (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
| TWI494955B (zh) | 2015-08-01 |
| KR20110030588A (ko) | 2011-03-23 |
| JP2011525000A (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
| US20150008023A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
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