TW201220740A - Power control using erasure techniques - Google Patents
Power control using erasure techniques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201220740A TW201220740A TW101102289A TW101102289A TW201220740A TW 201220740 A TW201220740 A TW 201220740A TW 101102289 A TW101102289 A TW 101102289A TW 101102289 A TW101102289 A TW 101102289A TW 201220740 A TW201220740 A TW 201220740A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- base station
- terminal
- transmission power
- power
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/247—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter sent by another terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/347—Path loss
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0057—Block codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/04—Error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/12—Outer and inner loops
- H04W52/125—Outer and inner loops cascaded outer loop power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/20—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using error rate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR or Eb/lo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
- H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/50—TPC being performed in particular situations at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
- H04W52/60—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure using different transmission rates for TPC commands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
- H04W52/146—Uplink power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/16—Deriving transmission power values from another channel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non-transmission
- H04W52/283—Power depending on the position of the mobile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/30—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
- H04W52/362—Aspects of the step size
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
- H04W52/04—Transmission power control [TPC]
- H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/08—Access point devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
Description
201220740 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體係關於通信’且更具體言之係關於對無線通 信系統的功率控制。 【先前技術】 無線多重存取通信系統可同時支持對於多個無線終端機 的通信。每一終端機經由正向鏈路及反向鍵路上之傳輸而 與一或多個基地台通信。正向鏈路(或下行鏈路)係指自基 地台至終端機之通信鏈路,且反向鏈路(或上行鏈路)係指 自終端機至基地台之通信鏈路。 藉由使多個終端機之傳輸多工為彼此正交,多個終端機 可同時於反向鏈路上傳輸。該多工試圖於多個反向鏈路傳 輸間達成時間、頻率及/或程式碼領域之正交性。完全正 交性(若達成)導致一接收基地台處來自每一終端機之傳輸 不干擾來自其它終端機之傳輸。然而,歸因於通道條件、 接收器缺陷等,經常無法實現來自不同終端機之傳輸間的 完全正交性。正交性之損失導致每一終端機引起對與相同 基地台通信的其它終端機之一定量之干擾。此外,來自與 不同基地台通信之終端機的傳輸一般不彼此正交。因此, 每一終端機亦可引起對與相鄰基地台通信之终端機之干 擾。然後來自該系統中所有其它終端機之干擾會降低每— 終端機之效能。 因此,此項技術中需要用於減輕干擾效應以便達成改良 之效能的技術。 161687.doc 201220740 【發明内容】 本文描述用於以一方式控制用於來自無線終端機之資料 傳輸的傳輸功率以減輕"扇區内"干擾及"扇區間"干擾兩者 的技術。調節傳輸功率,以使得將終端機對"伺服"基地台 可引起之扇區内干擾量及終端機對"相鄰"基地台可引起之 扇區間干擾I兩者維持於可接受之等級内。(以下描述引 用之術語。)基於(1)由每一相鄰基地台所觀測到之總干 擾、(2)用於飼服基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益、(3)終 端機所使用之當前傳輸功率位準,及(4)其它可能之參數, 可概略地估算終端機可引起之扇區間干擾量。每一基地台 可廣播一可指示由該基地台所觀測到之總干擾的報告(例 如單一位元)。基於自該基地台所接收之前導訊號,可估 算用於每一基地台之通道增益。可基於此等各種參數,以 機率性方式、判定性方式或某其它方式來調節傳輸功率。 通常,若相鄰基地台觀測到較高干擾,則可減小傳輸功 率,且若觀測到較低干擾,則增大傳輸功率。若⑴終端機 位於更接近於觀測到較高干擾的基地台處及/或(2)當前傳 輸功率位準更高,則亦將傳輸功率調節更大的量及/或更 加頻繁地調節傳輸功率。若(1)終端機位於更接近於伺服基 地台處及/或(2)當前傳輸功率位準更低,則將傳輸功率調 節更小的量及/或較不頻繁地調節傳輸功率。#由將用於 貧料傳輸之已接收訊號品質(SNR)限制於可允許之陳範 圍内,將終端機所引起之扇區内干擾維持於可接受等級 161687.doc 201220740 以下進一步詳細描述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。 【實施方式】 詞••例示性"用於本文中意謂”充當實例、例子或說明"。 在本文中描述為”例示性”的任一實施例或設計不一定被解 釋為相對於其它實施例或設計而較佳或有利。 圖1展示一無線多向近接通信系統丨〇〇。系統丨〇〇包括若 干基地台110,該等基地臺支持對於若干無線終端機12〇之 通信。終端機120通常遍佈於整個系統,且每一終端機為 固定的或行動的。終端機亦可稱為行動台、使用者設備 (UE)、無線通信設備,或某其它術語。基地台為用於與終 端機通信的固定台且亦可被稱為存取點(節點B),或某其 匕術5吾。一系統控制器13 〇耦接於基地台丨丨〇 ;為此等基地 台提供協調及控制;並且進一步控制用於此等基地台所伺 服之終端機的資料路由。 每一基地台110向各個地理區域102提供通信覆蓋。可將 基地台及/或其覆蓋區域稱為"小區,,,其視使用該術語之情 況而定。為了增大容量,可將每一基地台之覆蓋區域分為 多個(例如二個)扇區1〇4。一基礎收發器子系統(BTS)伺服 每一扇區。術語"扇區”可指BTS及/或其覆蓋區域,其視使 用該術語之情況而定。對於一扇區化之小區而言,用於該 小區之基地台通常包括用於該小區之所有扇區的bts。為 了簡明起見,在以下之描述中,術語"基地台"通用於伺服 小區之固疋台及伺服扇區之固定台兩者。"伺服"基地台或 ••伺服"扇區為與終端機通信的基地臺或扇區。"相鄰”基地 161687.doc -6 - 201220740 台或"相鄰”扇區為不與該終端機通信之基地臺或扇區。為 r簡明起見,以下描述假定每一終端機與一個伺服基地台 通信,但是此不是對本文所描述之技術的必要限制。 本文所描述之功率控制技術可用於各種無線通信系統。 舉例而言,此等技術可用於劃時多向近接(TDMA)系統、 劃頻多向近接(FDMA)系統、正交劃頻多向近接(〇FDMa) 系統,等等。TDMA系統使用劃時多工(TDM),且藉由在 不同時間間隔中傳輸而使得不同終端機的傳輸正交。 FDMA系統使用劃頻多工(FDM),且藉由在不同次頻帶中 傳輸而使得不同終端機的傳輸正交。TDMA系統及fdma 系統亦可使用劃碼多工(CDM)。在此種情況下,使用不同 正交(例如Walsh)碼可使得多個終端機的傳輸正交,即使其 係在相同時間間隔或次頻帶中發送^ 〇FDMA系統使用正 交劃頻多工(OFDM),纟有效地將整個系統頻寬分割為若 十(N)正交次頻帶。亦將此等次頻帶稱為音調、次載波' 貯藏器(bin)及頻率通道,等等。每一次頻帶與可使用資料 加以調變之各個次載波相關。OFDMA系統可使用劃時多 工、劃頻多工及/或劃碼多工之任一組合。為了清晰起 見,以下描述用於OFDMA系統之功率控制技術。 對於OFDMA系統而言,可定義多個"訊務,,通道藉 此··(1)在任一特定時間間隔中每一次頻帶僅用於一個訊^ 通道’且(2)在每-時間間隔中可為每—訊務通道分配零 個、-個、或多個次頻帶。訊務通道可包括用於發送訊務 /封包資料之"資料,,通道及用於發送耗用/控制資料之"控制” 161687.doc 201220740 通道。訊務通道亦可被稱為實體通道、傳送通道,或某其 它術語。 將用於每一扇區之訊務通道定義為在時間及頻率上彼此 正交,因此在任一特定時間間隔中兩個訊務通道不會使用 同一次頻帶。此正交性避免了在相同扇區中之多個訊務通 道上同時發送的多個傳輸間之扇區内干擾。例如載波間干 擾(ICI)及訊號間干擾(ISI)之各種效應可引起正交性之一些 損失。正交性之此損失導致扇區内干擾。亦可將用於每一 扇區之訊務通道定義為相對於用於相鄰扇區之訊務通道是 偽隨機的。此使得由一扇區中之訊務通道所引起之對相鄰 扇區中之訊務通道的"扇區間"或"其它扇區”干擾隨機化。 可以各種方式達成隨機化之扇區内干擾及扇區間干擾。舉 例而言,跳頻可提供隨機化之扇區内干擾及扇區間干擾以 及對抗有害路徑效應之頻率多樣性。 圖2說明用於OFDMA系統的時間-頻率平面200上之跳頻 (FH)。在跳頻的情況下’每一訊務通道與一特殊fh序列相 關’該序列指示在每一時間間隔中用於該訊務通道之特定 次頻帶。用於每一扇區中之不同訊務通道的FH序列彼此正 交’因此在任一時間間隔中兩個訊務通道不會使用同一次 頻帶。用於每一扇區之FH序列相對於用於相鄰扇區之FH 序列而言亦是偽隨機的。無論何時在相同時間間隔中兩個 訊務通道使用同一次頻帶,兩個扇區中之兩個訊務通道之 間便發生干擾。然而,歸因於用於不同扇區的FH序列之偽 隨機本質,扇區間干擾被隨機化。 161687.doc 201220740 可將資料通道分配給作用中終端機,以使得在任一特定 時間每一資料通道僅由一個終端機使用。為了保存系統資 源,可於使用例如劃碼多工的多個終端機間共用控制通 道。若僅於頻率及時間(但並非程式碼)上使資料通道正交 多工,則歸因於通道條件及接收器缺陷,該等資料通道相 比控制通道而s較不易受到正交性損失的影響。 資料通道因此具有若干與功率控制相關之關鍵特徵。首 先’由於頻率及時間上的正交多卫,資料通道上之小區内 干擾最小。第二,因為相鄰扇區使用不同FH序列,所以小 區間干擾被隨機化。特定終端機所引起之小區間干擾量係 由⑴該終端機所使帛之傳輸功率位準及⑺該終端機相對 於相鄰基地台之位置來判定。 對於資料通道而言,可執行功率控制,以使得允許每一 終端機以盡可能高之功率位準傳輸,同時保持小區内干擾 及小區間干擾處於於可接受等級内。可允許位於更接近其 祠服基地台處之終端機以更高功率位準傳輸,因為此级端 機很可能將對相鄰基地台引起更小干擾。相反地,可允許 -位於更遠離其词服基地台處且朝向扇區邊緣之终端機以 更低功率位準傳輸,因為此終端機可㈣㈣基地台引起 更大干擾。以此方式控制傳輸功率可潜在地減小每一基地 台觀測到之總干擾,同時允許"合格"之終端機達成更高 SNR且因此達成更高資料速率。 可以各種方式執行用於資料通道之功率控制以獲得以上 ^及之目標。為了清晰起見,以下描述功率控制之一特殊 161687.doc 201220740 實施例。對於此實施例而言,用於特定終端機之資料通道 的傳輸功率可表示為: Ρ» = Ρ»ΔΡ(«) 式(1) 其中pddl 00為對於更新間隔η用於資料通道的傳輪功率; L0?)為對於更新間隔η之參考功率位準;且 △P(rt)為對於更新間隔η之傳輸功率增量(delta)。 以分貝(dB)為單位給出功率位準匕⑻及匕㈨以及傳輸功 率增量ΔΡ〇)。 參考力率位準為達成對於指定傳輸(例如在控制通道上) 之目標況號品質所需要的傳輸功率量。訊號品質(表示為 驗)可由訊雜比、訊雜干擾比等等加以量化如下描述, 功率控制機製可調節參考功率位準及目標SNR,以達成 用;該私疋傳輸的所要之效能等級。若參考功率位準可達 成目^ SNR,則可將用於資料通道之已接收SNR估算為: SNRdchW = SNRtargtt+Ap(n) 式⑺ 式=假定資料通道及控制通道具有類似的干擾統計。舉 例而。’右來自不同扇區之控制通道及資料通道可彼此干 擾’則此為該種情況。如以下描述,可判定參考功率位 準0 用於資料通道之傳輸功率可基於多種因素來設I該等 ' \ ⑴”端機可對相鄰扇區中之其它終端機所引起 相a T擾里⑺終端機對相同扇區中之其它終端機所 引起之扇區内干擾量、(3)對於端機所允許之最大功率位 161687.doc 201220740 準’及⑷其它可能之因素。以下描述每一此等因素。 可以各種方式判定每_終端機w起之扇區間干擾量。舉 例而言,每一相鄰基地台可直接估算每一終端機所引起的 扇區間干擾量且將其發送至該終端機’然後該終端機相應 地調節其傳輸功率。此個別化干擾報告可要求廣泛之耗用 訊號傳輸。為簡明起見,基於⑴每—相鄰基地台觀測到之 總干擾、⑺用於該舰基地台及相鄰基地台的通道增益, 及(3)終端機所使用之傳輸功率位準,可概略地估算每一終 端機引起的扇區間干擾量。以下描述量⑴及(2)。 ,每一基地台可估算該基地台觀測到之干擾的總量或平均 童。此可藉由估算每一次頻帶上之干擾功率及基於對各個 次頻帶的干擾功率估算而計算一平均干擾功率而達成。舉 例而言々’使用諸如算術平均法、幾何平均法、基於SNR之 平均法料之各種平均技Μ得平均干擾功率。 對於算術广均法而言,可將平均干擾功率表示為: 式(3) 在時間間隔η中對於次頻帶k上之 十擾功率估算;且 為在時間間隔n中用於扇區m a· τ /,、 τ巧卞擾功率。 及1,»在式(3)中為線性單位, (叫來給出。在算術平均法的情況下1^刀貝 估算可使平均干擾功率有偏差。 料大干擾功率 對於幾何平均法而言,可將平均干擾功率表示為: 16I687.doc 201220740 meas.m M-{flL(k,n))/N 式⑷ 以==可抑制對少數次頻帶之較大干擾功率估算, /勺干擾功率低於使用算術平均法的情況下之平 均干擾功率。 I基於SNR之平均法而言,可將平均干擾功率表示 · log 1 +
V
N |log 1 + 式(5) 其中Pn⑽表不對於每一次頻帶而假定之標稱已接收功 率。式⑺基於標稱已接收功率而判定每一次頻帶之理論容 量;計算用於所有_次頻帶之平均容量;且判定一提供 平均容量的平均干擾功率。基於㈣之平均法(亦可稱為基 於容量之平均法)亦抑制對於少數次頻帶之較大干擾功率 估算。 不管使用何種平均技術,每—基地台均可在多個時間間 隔中將干擾功率估算及/或平均干擾功钱波,以改良干 擾量測之品質。可使用有限脈衝響應卿)滤波器、無限 脈衝響應(IIR)濾波器,或此項技術中已知之一些其它類型 之濾波器而達成濾波。因此術語"干擾"可指本文之描述中 之已渡波或未濾、波的干擾。 每一基地台廣播由其干擾量測,以供其它扇區中之終端 機使用。可以各種方式廣播該等干擾量測。在一實施例 中,將平均干擾功率(或”已量測”干擾)量化為預定數目之 位元,然後經由一廣播通道將其發送。在另一實施例中, 161687.doc -12- 201220740 使用一指示已量測干擾是大於還是低於標稱干擾臨限值的 單一位元來廣播已量測干擾。在又一實施例中,使用兩個 位元來廣播已量測干擾。一個位元指示相對於標稱干擾臨 限值的已量測干擾》另一位元可用作危難/應急位元,其 指示已量測干擾是否超出較高干擾臨限值。亦可以其它方 式發送干擾量測。 為簡明起見,以下之描述假定使用單一其它扇區干擾 (osi)位元來提供干擾資訊。每一基地台將其〇si位元 (OSIB)設定如下: OSIB(w) = ] 1,右I meas’m > Itarget,且 1 Ό·,若1 _,m («) < target, 式(6 ) 其中為標稱干擾臨限值。 或者,每一基地台可獲得一已量測之熱干擾(I〇T),該 熱干擾為基地台觀測到之總干擾功率與熱雜訊功率之比 率。總干擾功率可按以上所描述加以計算。藉由關閉傳輸 器並量測接收器處之雜訊,可估算熱雜訊功率。可為系統 選擇-特殊操作點且將其表示&更高之操作點^許 終端機為資料通道使用更高之傳輸功率(平均)。然而,不 要非常高之操作點,因為系統可變得受干擾的限制,在 此情形中傳輸功率增大並不說明已接收SNR增大之情形。 此外,非常高之操作點會增大系統不穩定之可能性。在任 晴況下「每一基地台了將其0SI位元設定如下: 0SIB㈨={ T,若I0T_» I〇Ttarget,且 1 ’〇’,若i〇T_sm⑻ <ι〇ί^, 式⑺ 其中Ι0τ_.·„(η)為在時間間隔η中為扇區m量測之Ι〇τ ;且 161687.doc -13- 201220740 Ι〇τ—為該扇區之所要操作點。 對於兩種情況而言,〇SI位元均可用於如下描述之 控制。 Μ 每一終端機可估算用於每一基地台之通道增益(或傳播 路徑增益)’該每一基地台可自該終端機接收反向鏈路傳 輸。藉由處理經由正向鍵路自該基地台所接收之前導訊 號、估算已接收之前導訊號之強度/功率’並及隨著時間 流逝而將前導訊號之強度估算濾波(例如使用具有幾百毫 秒之時間常數的濾波器)以去除快速衰落之效應等等,可 估算用於每一基地台之通道增益。若所有基地台以相同功 率位準傳輸其前導訊號,則用於每一基地台之已接收前導 訊號強度可指示該基地台與該終端機之間的通道增益。該 終端機可形成一通道增益比率向量2,如下: ^ = ΙΦ) r/n) ... rjn)] 式(8) 其中式(9) SM) 工(《)為終端機與伺服基地台之間的通道增益; &,(w)為終端機與相鄰基地台i之間的通信增益;且 厂〇〇為用於相鄰基地台i之通道增益比率。 由於距離以相反方式與通道增益有關,可認為通道增益 比率&0)/&(«)是可指示至相鄰基地台i之距離相對於至伺 服基地台之距離的"相對距離"。通常,用於相鄰基地台之 通道增益比率隨著終端機朝向扇區邊緣移動而減小且 隨者終端機靠近伺服基地台移動而增大。通道增益比率向 161687.doc -14- 201220740 量G可用於如以下描述之功率控制。 儘管用於每一扇區之資料通道被多工為彼此正交,但是 載波間干擾(ICI)、符號間干擾(ISI)等等可引起正交性之_ 些損失。此正交性損失引起扇區内干擾。’為了減輕扇區内 干擾’可控制每一終端機之傳輸功率以便將此終端機對相 同扇區中之其它終端機可引起的扇區内干擾量維持於可接 受等級内。此可(例如)藉由要求為每一終端機之資料通道 所接收之SNR在預定之SNR範圍内來達成,如下: 說.》e[SNR-,SNRJ, 式⑽ 其中SNR&為允許用於資料通道的最小已接收snr ;且 SNR_為允許用於資料通道的最大已接收SNR。 最小已接收SNR確保所有終端機,尤其是位於接近扇區 邊緣處之終端機,可達成最低之效能等級。在沒有此種約 束的情況下,位於接近扇區邊緣處之終端機可被迫以非常 低之功率位準傳輸,因為該等終端機經常造成大量扇區間 干擾。 若將用於所有終端機之資料通道的已接收隨約束於範 園[snUnr」内,則可假定歸因於正交性損失由每一終 端機引起的扇區内干擾量在可接受等級内。藉由將已接收 霞限制於此謝範圍心相鄰次頻帶之間已接收功率譜 密度中仍可存在大至(SUNRjdB之差異(假定在次頻帶 上觀測到類似之扇區間干擾量,舉例而言,若控制通道及 資料通道隨機地跳動以使得來自不同_^㈣道 料通道可能彼此衝突,則該情況屬實卜較小之讓範圍在 161687.doc •15· 201220740 存在ICI及ISI的情況下改良了系統之穩固性。已發現1〇 之SNR範圍在大多數操作情況下提供良好效能。亦可使用 其它SNR範圍。 若用於資料通道之傳輸功率如式(1)中所展示而判定,則 藉由將傳輸功率增量ΔΡ(„)約束於相應之範圍内,可將用 於資料通道之已接收SNR維持於範圍[snr^,snr_]r,如 下: ΔΡ」, 式⑼ 其中為允許用於一資料通道的最小傳輸功率增量, 且 為允許用於一資料通道的最大傳輸功率增量。 詳吕之’ A^SNR.-SNR卿且1=舰SNR 。在 ^ Urge 另一實施例中,舉例而言,可基於用於資料通道之已接收 訊號功率將傳輸功率Pd h(„)約束於已判定之範圍内。舉例 而5,若干擾功率在次頻帶間在統計上不同,則可使用此 實施例。 然後可基於以下參數來調節用於每一終端機之資料通道 的傳輸功率: 由每一基地台廣播之OSI位元; 由終端機計算之通道增益比率向量G; 允許用於資料通道的已接收SNR之範圍
L 、min, max J 或等效的可允許之傳輪功率增量之範圍[^p 及 L rain ? max』 用於終端機所允許之最大功率位準匕,其可由終端機内 之系統或功率放大器加以設定。 161687.doc •16- 201220740 參數1)及2)係關於由終端機引起之扇區間干擾。參數3) 係關於由終端機引起之扇區内干擾。 通常,報告較高干擾之位於接近於相鄰扇區處的終端機 r以較低傳輸功率増量而傳輸,以使得其已接收snr更接 't SNR^相反地,位於接近其伺服基地台處的終端機可 以較高傳輸功率增量而傳輸,以使得其已接收更接近 SNR_基於終端機與伺服基地台的接近性’可觀測到用 於系統中之該等終端機的已接收SNR之分級(gradati〇n)。 每一基地台處之一排程器可利用分配已接收SNR來達成較 高產出率同時確保對該等終端機之公平性。 基於以上提及之四個參數,可以各種方式調節用於資料 通道之傳輸功率。功率控制機製不需要為所有終端機維持 相等之SNR ’尤其是在如〇FDMA系統的正交系统中,在該 系統中更接近基地台之終端機可以更高功率位準傳輸而不 會對其它終端機?丨起許多問題。為清晰起見,以下描述一 用於調卽傳輪功率之特殊實施例。對於此實施例而言,每 終端機監視由相鄰基地台所廣播之OSI位元且僅回應最 強,相鄰基地台的〇SI位元,該最強之相鄰基地台具有以 向量辽表示之最小通道增益比率。若將-特定基地台之 位7^定為’Γ(歸因於基地台觀測到高於標稱扇區間干 =的干擾)’則可向下調節以此基地台作為其最強之相鄰 :地,的終端機之輸出功率。相反地’若將該OSI位元設 疋為0',則可向上調節以此基地台作為其最強之相鄰基地 台的終端機之輪出功率。對於其它實施例而言,每一終端 161687.doc -17· 201220740 機可基於為-或多個基地台(例如飼服基地台及/或相鄰基 地台)所獲传的-或多個0SI來調節其傳輸功率。 因此,OS!位元判定調節傳輸功率之方向。用於每一終 端機之傳輸1 力率調節量可取決於⑴該終端機之當前傳輸功 率位準(或當前傳輸功率增量)及⑺用於最強之相鄰基地台 的通道增盈比率。表1列出用於基於傳輸功率增量及用於 最強之基地台的通道增益比率而調節傳輸 規則。 一取 ----55555"^ 增 i 具有用於此基地台與 ί i芝離該基地台)的終端機相3比1交通i 5 輸功率增量減小-士 ^比較通吊將 OSI位元 T~ (較高干 擾等級) 一_ w 〜4 >s- ✓ V tTy 〇 '0' (較低干 擾等級) 率增k小i;Si較’通常將其傳輸功 用於 i輸 〇si位元 if =率(且因此更遠離該基地台)的终端機與 Μ用於此基地台的更小通道增f比车!^ f ϊϊΤϊϊϊϊϊϊΐϊϊϊΐϊϊϋΐ ίίίίίίϊί相比較,通常將其傳輸功‘ 基地台)的終端機相比較,通常將 輸功率增量經增大更大的量 节將 可以判定性方式、機率性方式或某其它方式來調節傳輸 功率。對於判定性調節而言,基於相關參數以預定方式調 節傳輸功率。較機率性調節而言,傳輸功率具有某種被 161687.doc -18· 201220740 調節之機率,該機率由如 相關參數所判定。以下描述例示性 判定性調節方案及機率性調節方案。 圖3展示用於以機率,神 卞既万式调節傳輸功率的過程300之一 流程圖。過程3〇〇由每—坎 _ 、、ς端機執行且用於每一時間間 隔,在每一時間間隔中值& 中傳輪— 〇si位元。最初,終端機處 理最強大相鄰基地台之办-广止 W位7L (步驟3 12)。然後終端機可 判定〇SI位元為,1,還是為·〇·(步驟3〗4)。 右0SI位兀為i ’其指示高於標稱干擾等級之干擾等 級貝J、·‘、端a判定減小傳輸功率之機帛'⑻(步驟322)。 基於當前傳輸功率增量,)及如τ描述之用於最強之相 鄰基地台的通道增益比率0),可計算Pr>)。然後終端 機在〇·〇與1.0之間隨機地選擇一值χ(步驟324)。詳言之,χ 為均布於0.(^.0之間的隨機變數。若如步驟326中判定, 隨機選擇之值X小於或等於機率Pr>),則終端機將其傳 輸功率增量減小下行步進(步驟328),如下: ΔΡ(« + 1) = ΔΡ(«)-ΔΡί0 式(12) 否則,若X大於pr<j>),則終端機將傳輸功率增量維持於 當前位準(步驟330) ^該過程自步驟328及330繼續進行至步 驟 342。 若在步驟314中OSI位元為,0,,其指示低於標稱干擾等級 之干擾等級,則終端機基於(例如)ΔΡ⑻及亦如下摇述之 而判定增大傳輸功率之機率Pr„p〇i)(步驟332)。然後終 端機在0.0與1.0之間隨機地選擇一值x(步驟334)。若如步 驟336中判定,隨機選擇之值X小於或等於機率pr , upJ ’ 則 161687.doc •19- 201220740 終端機將其傳輸功率增量增大^场步進(步驟叫,如 下: () 式(13) △匕及△!>.之步進大小兩者均可被設定為相同之適當值(例如 0.25 dB、0·5 dB、1.〇 dB,箄篝、。从—土 吵),則終端機將傳輸功率 =唯驟336中X大於 平項里維持於相同位準(步驟 330)。該過程自步驟33()及338繼續進行至步驟如。 在步驟342中,終端機將傳 社々r阁r 寸荆刀牛增里ΔΡ(« + 1)限制於允 許之範圍[△Ρ^ΛΡμ]内。如式(丨)中 J甲展不,然後終端機基於用 於下一時間間隔的傳輸功率增量_+1)及參考功率位準 Ρ> + 1)來计异用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功 344) '然後終端機將傳輪 .(η + 1)(ν驟 得輸力率匕㈣)限制於最大功率位準 内(步驟346),如下:
PdCh(« +1) = th(” + !),若1^ +!) $ P_ L max, 其它 。 式(14) 終端機將傳輸功率匕㈣用於下一時間間隔。 =Pi·»及Pr>)可為傳輸功率增量物及用於最強之 二也及台之通道增益比率之函數。多種函數可用 _、U Pr»。母-函數對於多種功率控制特徵具有不 同影響’該等特徵諸如:⑴傳輸功 ⑺用於系統中之終端機的傳輪功 二傲速率及 在一實施例中’機率灿及㈣可定義二 ΡΓ>),Χ(ΡΓ』—匕剛1兔㈣,及式(.15a)
Pr>)=maxU»Pu略 式(15b) 161687.doc -20· 201220740 式(15c) 式(15d) 其中 Pr ⑻,Δ? max) —Δ? min ΔΡ max- ΔΡ min
Pr„in(«)=: —尸恤
Pr^n)為關於傳輸功率位準之機率;
Pr_(«)為關於用於最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率的 機率; ΔΡ-、<&、rmax及l為經選擇以達成所要功率控制特徵的 標準化常數;
Prup,λ為用於向上調節傳輸功率的最小機率;且 為用於向下調節傳輸功率的最小機率。 對於由式組(15)展示之實施例而言,pr»及pr»為由 傳,功率位準及用☆最強之相鄰基地台的通道增益比率所 判定之聯合機率。最小機率改良穩定狀態特徵 且促進用於處於極端狀態(例如非常冑或非常低之通道增 益值)中之點的-些運動。如式組(15)中所展示而導出的機 率^⑻及ιχ⑻符合表4給出之—般性傳輸功率調節規 則。亦可用-些其它函數來導出機率%(狀⑽,且此在 本發明之範嘴内。 圖4展示用於以判定性方式來調節傳輸功率的過程權之 一流程圖。過程400亦由每一終端機執行且用於每一時間 間隔,在每-時間間隔中傳輸—⑽位心終端機處理最 強之相鄰基地台之OSI位元(步驟412)且判定⑽位元為], 還是為步驟4丨4)。若0SI位元為],’則終端機判定用於 下-時間間隔的傳輸功率之減小量A(n+1)(步驟422)。基 I6I687.doc •21 201220740 於田刖傳輸功率增量δρ(λ)及用於最強之相鄰基地台的通 道增益比率。(w),可判定可變下行步進大小。然後終端 機將傳輸功率增量減小Δρ>+1)(步驟a4)。否則,若〇si 位元為〇,則終端機基於(例如)ΔΡ(«)及。〇)而判定用於下 -時間間隔的傳輸功率之增大量义㈣)(步驟也)。然後 終端機將傳輸功率增量增大Δρ> + 1)(步驟434)。在步驟 424及434之後,终端機將用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功率增 量ΔΡ㈣)限制於可允許範圍此見]内(步驟4切且進 -步計算用於下一時間間隔之傳輸功率並將其限制於最大 功率位準内(步驟444及446)。 基於△?(«)及/之一預定函數(例如類似於由式組(15) 所表示之函數),τ判定可變步進大小心+ ”及 △Pu> + 1)。將可變步進大小定義為與△&)成比"例且與 G⑻成反比。基於用於不同△J^n)及值的不同機率 及步進大小值之檢查表或藉由某其它方法,亦可判定調節 機率及可變步進大小。 圖3及4展示用於分別以機率性方式及判定性方式調節傳 輸功率的例示性實施例。對於圖3 t展示之機率性 而言,基於參數ΔΡ(〇及判定調節機率,且固定大γ 之上行步進及下行步進用於傳輸功率調節。對於圖H 示之判定性實施例而言,將調節機率固定於ι〇處, 於參數ΔΡ(啦判定上行步進大小及下行步進大^基 亦可對此等實施例做出各種修改。舉例而言,可變上〜, 進大小及下打步進大小亦可用於機率性實施例。作為另2 161687.doc -22- 201220740 實例, 例。 固定大小之上行步進及卞一 下仃步進可用於判定性實施 如以上描述,可基於0SI位元、通道增 量,十可允許之功率增量範圍及用於終 功率位準而調節用於資料通道之功率增量处(十通常, L基、於Γ #數或參數之任—組合而調節功率增量 ζ⑻。可用於調節卿)之其它參數包括 : Ρ»、峰值至平均值補償因子μ 】傳輸功率 bo 了潛在地觀測到來自 終端機之較高干擾的”指定,,組之基地台, 機用於傳輸之次頻帶之數目來 π由終端 子,若更多-欠頻帶用二? 峰值至平均值補償因 更多久頻帶用於傳輸,則可將更高值用於ΔΡ。用 Τ資料通道之傳輸功率可被約束: 子,或L⑻ΜΡ.-ΔΡ^。 職减去補仏因 於由多個基地台(例如飼服基地台及/或相鄰基地 所發送之⑽位元而調節用於終端機之傳輸功率。可以 與用於何服基地台及相鄰基地台之方式相同或不同之方式 —來調㈣輸功率。終端機可正交於與飼服基地台通信之其 它終端機,但是,甚尤At、*丄、 、 不月b達成完全正交,則可對此等其它 =機引起一些干擾。若將用於飼服基地台的0 SI位元設 I則可將用於終端機之傳輸功率調節得更低。基於 ^模擬、實驗性量測等等,可判定歸因於來自飼服基地 M°SI位元的傳輸功率調節量,以達成良好效能。 亦可基於其它參數、標準及資訊而調節用於終端機之傳 w功率。舉例而言,终端機可僅考慮來自指定組中之基地 I61687.doc -23- 201220740 台的⑽位元。終端機亦可考慮或不考慮用於傳輸功率調 節的一特定基地台,此係基於用於該基地台之通道增益及 /或其它參數。終端機亦可基於可用於傳輸功率調節所考 慮之基地台的所有資訊’將傳輸功率調節不同的量及/或 以不同方式調節傳輸功率。 圖5展示可用於調節用於系統1〇〇中之一終端機i施的傳 輸功率的功率控制機製5 〇 〇。終端機丨2 〇 χ與一伺服基地台 ΙΙΟχ通信且可對相鄰基地台11〇&至11〇111引起干擾(雖然量 不同)。功率控制機製500包括一參考循環51〇及一第二循 環520。參考循環510在終端機12〇x與伺服基地台110x之間 運作。第二循環520在終端機12(^與相鄰基地台u〇a至 110m及了此之伺服基地台1丨〇χ之間運作。為簡明起見,圖 5僅展示循環51〇及52〇在終端機12〇χ處之部分。 參考循% 510調節用於控制通道(或某其它訊務通道)之傳 輸功率且s式圖維持用於此控制通道之已接收SNR(如伺服基 地台110x處所量測)盡可能接近目標SNR。如下描述,對於 參考循環510而言’伺服基地台110x估算用於控制通道之 已接收SNR ;比較已接收SNR與目標SNR ;且基於比較結 果而產生傳輸功率控制(TPC)指令。每一 TPC指令可為 (1) UP(增大)指令以引導增大用於控制通道之傳輸功率,或 (2) DOWN(減小)指令以引導減小傳輸功率。伺服基地台 ll〇x於正向鏈路(雲狀物570)上將TPC指令傳輸至終端機 120x。 終端機120x接收並處理來自伺服基地台li〇x之正向鏈路 161687.doc • 24· 201220740 傳輸且將”已接收"TPC指令提供至一 TPC指令處理器542。 每一已接收TPC指令為由伺服基地台11 Ox所傳輸之TPC指 令的一有雜訊之版本。處理器542偵測每一已接收TPC指 令且獲得一 "TPC決策",(1)若認為已接收TPC指令為UP指 令則該TPC決策為UP決策,或(2)若認為已接收TPC指令為 DOWN指令貝該TPC決策為DOWN決策。一控制通道傳輸 (TX)功率調節單元544基於來自TPC指令處理器542之TPC 決策而調節用於控制通道之傳輸功率匕。舉例而言, 單元544對於每一 UP決策可將增大ΔΡ+ρ上行步進且 對於每一 DOWN決策將匕〇7)減小ΔΡ_下行步進。一 ΤΧ資 料處理器/調變器560將用於控制通道之傳輸功率設定為由 單元544所指示之匕〇)位準。將控制通道上之傳輸發送至 伺服基地台11 Οχ。 歸因於反向鏈路(雲狀物540)上之路徑損失、衰落及多路 徑效應(其一般隨時間流逝而變化且對於行動終端機而言 尤其如此),用於控制通道之已接收SNR不斷地波動。在反 向鏈路通道條件中存在改變之情況下,參考循環510試圖 維持已接收SNR處於目標SNR處或接近於目標SNR。 第二循環520調節用於資料通道(或某其它訊務通道)之傳 輸功率,以使得將盡可能高之功率位準用於資料通道同時 將扇區間干擾及扇區内干擾保持於可接受等級内。對於第 二循環520而言,一OSI位元處理器552接收並處理由相鄰 基地台110a至110m及可能之伺服基地台110x所廣播之OSI 位元。OSI位元處理器552將來自基地台之已偵測OSI位元 161687.doc -25- 201220740 提供至-傳輸功率增量調節單元556…通道估算器…接 收來自伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之前導訊號;估算用於每 一基地台之通道增益;並將用於所有基地台之已估算通道 增益提供至單元556。單元556判定用於相鄰基地台之通道 增益比率且識別最強之相鄰基地台。如以上描述,單元 556基於已偵測0SI位元及用於最強之鄰居的通道增益比率 而進一步調節用於資料通道之傳輸功率增量Δρ(Λ)。單元 556可實施過程300或4〇〇,且可以機率性方式或判定性方 式來調節ΔΡ0)。通常,單元556可基於用於任一數目之基 地台的已偵測OSI位元及/或其它相關資訊而調節傳輸功率 增量ΔΡ(«),該等基地台可包括伺服基地台及/或相鄰基地 台。 一資料通道傳輸功率計算單元558接收用作參考功率位 準匕⑻的控制通道傳輸功率匕W,及傳輸功率增量 △P(«)。單元558基於匕(„)及ΔΡ⑻而計算用於資料通道之傳 輸功率匕(《)。單元560將用於資料通道之傳輸功率設定為 由單元558所指示之匕(„)位準。將資料通道上之傳輸發送 至词服基地台ΙΙΟχ。資料通道及控制通道上之傳輸可對相 鄰基地台110a至110m引起干擾》 每一基地台110在反向鏈路上接收來自終端機之傳輸; 估算由基地台觀測到之干擾;比較已量測干擾與標稱干擾 臨限值;基於比較結果而相應地設定OSI位元且在正向鍵 路上之廣播該OSI位元。 參考循環510及第二循環520可並行運作,但可以不同速 161687.doc •26- 201220740 年加以更新,循環別為-快於循環52G之循環。 ㈣個循環之更新速率以達成所要之功率控制效能。、作為 貫例’可以例如150次每秒之速率更新參考循環51〇,且 π以例如10至20次每秒之速率更新第二循環。參考循環 510及第二循環52G分別作用於控制通道及資料通道上所^ 送之傳輸。如圖2中展示,在每—跳動週期中可向控制通 道及資料通道分配不同次頻帶。在此種情況下,參考循产 及第二循環52G可同時作用於不同次頻帶上所發送之= 輸。亦可使控制通道與資料通道多工(例如使用tdm及/或 C:DM)且於相同次頻帶上將其發送。 圖6展示一可用於控制通道的功率控制機製6〇〇。功率控 制機製600(其可用於圖5中之參考循環51〇)包括一内循^ 610外循環620及一第三循環63〇。内循環610試圖維持 用於控制通道之已接收SNR盡可能接近目標snr。對於内 循環610而言,伺服基地台11〇χ處之一SNR估算器642估算 用於控制通道之已接收SNR且將該已接收SNR提供至一 TPC指令產生器640產生器644比較已接收SNR與目標 SNR且基於比較結果而產生Tpc指令。伺服基地台ιι〇χ在 ·〇-向鏈路(雲狀物570)上將TPC指令傳輸至終端機ΐ20χ。如 上文對圖5所描述,終端機12〇χ接收並處理來自伺服基地 台11 Οχ之TPC指令且調節用於控制通道之傳輸功率。 可在控制通道上以區塊形式發送資料,且可使用一區塊 碼將母一資料區塊編碼以獲得相應之碼字組(或編碼資料 區塊)。可不將誤差偵測碼用於控制通道。在此種情況 I6I687.doc •27. 201220740 下,伺服基地台可對每一已接收碼字組執行抹除偵測,以 判定碼字組為已抹除或是未抹除的碼字組。可認為一已抹 除碼字組不可靠並加以相應地處理(例如丟棄)。藉由為每 一已接收碼字組計算一量度;比較已計算之量度與抹除臨 限值;並基於比較結果而宣佈已接收碼字組為已抹除或未 抹除的,可執行抹除彳貞測。 外循環620調節目標SNR,以便為控制通道達成一目標 抹除率Pr 。目標抹除率指示宣佈一已接收碼字組為已抹 erasure 除碼字組的所要機率(例如10%)。一量度計算單元652計算 用於每一已接收碼字組之量度。一抹除偵測器654基於其 已計算之量度及抹除臨限值而對每一已接收碼字組執行抹 除偵測,並將已接收碼字組之狀態(已抹除或未抹除)提供 至一目標SNR調節單元656。然後單元656調節用於控制通 道之目標SNR,如下: ^n = ISNR_W + ASNR〜,對於已抹除碼字組’式(16) _( _ lsNR,„ga㈨-△SNR#,對於未抹除碼字組 其中SNR (幻為用於外循環更新間隔k之目標SNR ; target V / ASNR為用於目標SNR之上行步進大小;且 up ASNR為用於目標SNR之下行步進大小。 dn ASNR及ASNR步進大小可基於以下來設定: up dn ASNR =ASNRd .〔1_Pr—] 式(17) up dn V Pr,™»™ / 第三循環630調節抹除臨限值,以便為控制通道達成一 目標條件誤差率Pr 。當認為一已接收碼字組未抹除時, ciT〇r 目標條件誤差率指示該已接收碼字組經錯誤解碼之所要機 161687.doc -28- 201220740 ;較小L (例如1 %)對應於對於未抹除碼字組之解碼結 早之較同可&度。終端機11(^及/或與伺服基地台“οχ通信 =其匕終端機可週期性地於控制通道上傳輸已知碼字组或 备破觸發時於控制通道上傳輸已知碼字組。單元如及6M 以與用=e接收碼字組之方式相同的方式對每—已接收之 ^知竭字組執行抹除偵測。對於被認為是已抹除的每-已 接收之已知碼字組而言,-解碼器662將已接收之已知碼 ^解碼^判定該已解碼之資料區塊是正確還是錯誤。解 Μ裔662提供每一已接收之已知碼字組的狀態,該狀態可 為已抹除良好"或"不良"。良好媽字組為被認為是未抹 矛1正確解碼的已接收之已知碼字組。不良碼字組為被 '·>為疋未抹除但經錯誤解碼的已接收之已知碼字組。一抹 陈£»限值調節單元664基於每一已接收之已知碼字組的狀 態而調節抹除臨限值,如下: ^erasote(^ + l)= 式(18) THerasurM) + ATHup,對於良好瑪字組 THerasure W - ΔΤΗ^,對於不良碼字組 -ΤΗ咖ωβ (彳), 對於已抹除碼字組 其中ΤΗ·⑺為用於第三循環更新間隔1之抹除臨限值; △Tl·^為用於抹除臨限值之上行步進大小;且 △TH^為用於抹除臨限值之下行步進大小。 式(18)假定較低之抹除臨限值會增大一已接收碼字組被 宣佈為已抹除碼字組的機率。 △THUP及步進大小可基於以下來設定: ΔΤΗ^ΔΤΗ 式(19) V Prw, j 一般以不同迷率更新内循環610、外循環620及第三循環 161687.doc •29- 201220740 内循環610為三個循環中最快之循環且用於控制通 道之傳輪功率可以_特定速率(例如⑼次每秒)來更新。外 « 620為下一最快循環且無論何時於控制通道上接收 到碼字組便可更新目標崎。第三循環630為最慢循環’ ’’’、何時於控制通道±接收到已知碼字組便可更新抹除 6»限值。可選擇用於三個循環之更新速率以達成對控制通 道之抹除债測及功率控制所要之效能。在2004年7月13曰 申請之題為"R〇bust Erasure Deteeti〇n - e咖阶杨·
Closed Loop P〇wer c〇ntr〇1"的共同讓渡之美國專利 、序號【代理人案號G4G4G4 u丨】中進-步描述功率 控制機製600。 為清晰起見’以上已對於功率㈣之各種態樣描述特殊 實施例基於本文所提供之描述亦可得到許多其它實施 例。以下提供一些實例。 相同之可允許傳輸功率增量範峰匕处」,可用於系統 之所有終端機。㈣之_ [Κ]亦可用於^同終端 機,例如視其位置而定。舉例而言,具有用於最強之相鄰 基地台之較小通道增益比率的終端機可使用相比位於更接 基地台處之終端機而言更小之傳輸功率增量範圍 (例如相同但ΔΡ更小)。 如以上描述’可將用於導出資料通道傳輸功率ρ»之 參考功率位準Ρ>)設定為用於另_功率控制通道:傳輸 功率。亦可以其它方式獲得參考功率位準,例如基於用於 飼服基地台之通道增益來估算參考功率位準。亦可直接調 161687.doc •30- 201220740 即資料通道傳輸功率,而不是經由傳輸功率增量來調節。 飼服基地台提供反饋以通知終端機該資料通道傳輸功率是 否在允許範圍内。 如以上描述,終端機可僅回應最強之相鄰基地台之 位元。終端機亦可基於多個相鄰基地台之〇si位元而調節 其傳輸功率。舉例而言’終端機可對s個最強相鄰基地台 執行過程300或400, 一次一個基地台,其中s>i。在調節 機率(對於過程300)或可變步進大小(對於過程4〇〇)中可考 慮用於每一相鄰基地台之通道增益比率。 &如以上描述,可使用單一 〇SI位元來指示由每一基地台 觀測到之干擾。亦可使用多個位元來報告干擾。此可允許 終端機更快及/或更有效地調節其傳輸功率。此方式又改 良了總體系統穩定性及效能。舉例而言,每一基地台可報 告關於已量測干擾離標稱干擾臨限值"多遠"之資訊。作為 另一實例,當干擾等級超過較高干擾臨限值時,每一基地 台廣播可被設定為·i,的額外位元(危難/應急位元)。此較高 臨限值可顯著高於(例如高出2至3個標準差)標稱臨限值。 迅速上升或出乎尋常地高之干擾等級經常是系統變得不穩 定之徵兆。一旦觀測到應急位元組(bh set),每一終端機 便可將其傳輸功率增量簡單地設定為最小值Δρ且可保 nun 處於此傳輸功率位準直至應急位元被重設為,〇,為止。連同 用於控制通道之功率控制一起,此機製可有效確保系統穩 定性。 若使由基地台觀測到之干擾隨機化(例如具有跳頻),則 161687.doc -31· 201220740 每土地〇可將其干擾資訊廣播至所有終端機。若基地台 具有更Μ殊干„訊’則可以—方式調節終端機之傳輸 功率以利用此資訊。舉例而言,可向每-終端機分配一或 多個用於資料傳輸之特殊次頻帶(^具有跳頻)。然後基地 台可於不同次頻帶上觀測到不同干擾量。基於終端機之已 分配之次頻帶’可具體識別引起大量干擾的終端機,且可 相應地減小此等終端機之傳輸功率。 用於資料通道之⑽收SN關u於每—終端機所支持 之資料速率。對於以上描述之實施例而言,此已接收隨 取决於(1)與參考功率位準相關之目標及⑺由終端機 所使用之傳輸功率增量ΔΡίβ。如以上描述,$具有任- 來自祠服基地台之輸人的終端機可自動調節傳輸功率增 量。終端機可將傳輸功率增量、用於資料通道之已接收 SNR、用於資料通道所支持之資料速率或等效資訊發送至 飼服基地台。終端機亦可發送終端機以#前傳輸功率增量 可支持的最大數目之次頻帶u)、所要之服務品質 (Q〇s)、緩衝器大小等等。a 了減小訊號傳輸量,終端機 可經由資料通道上之頻帶中訊號傳輸而於每幾個更新間隔 發送ΔΡ⑻及,等等。 伺服基地台處/用於伺服基地台之排程器使用由終端機 所報告之所有資訊來將資源分配給終端機且對用於反向鏈 路上之資料傳輸的終端機排程。排程器可將N“(”)個次頻 帶^、於N一(《)個次頻帶、或多於n一⑻個次頻帶分配 給終端機。若排程器分配多於個次頻帶,則終端 161687.doc -32- 201220740 機可相應地按比例縮小傳輪功率增量 :沉_⑻個次頻帶,則將Δρ(/?)按比^縮 。舉例而言 小因子二^ 若分配 如以上描述,每一終端機可基於終端機自其飼服基地△ =鄰基地台所獲得之各條資訊來執行功率控制。亦可由口 =^地台對與該基地台通信之所有終端機執行功率控 m’每一基地台可例如經由基地台或來自終端 專輸之間的《傳輸而獲得用於每一相鄰基地台之干 擾報告(例如⑽位元)。每__基地台亦可獲得由每一線端 機判定之用於舰基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益。缺後 每-基地台可基於干擾報告及可適用於該終端機之通道增 益而计算詩每-終端機L力率增量且將傳輸功率增 量發送至該終端機。然後每—終端機可使用自其舰基地 台所接收之傳輸功率增量而調節其傳輸功率。或者,每一 基地台可計算並發送用於每—終端機之傳輸功率。用於與 每一基地台通信之所有終端機的傳輸功率增量之可用性可 加速對該等終端機之排程。 本文描述之功率控制技術可用於各種類型之無線通信系 統。此等技術尤其適用於具有較小扇區内干擾的系統,例 如 OFDMA、TDMA及 FDMA 系統。 本文描述之技術用於各種類型之訊務通道(例如資料通 道及控制通道)的功率控制。此等技術亦良好地適用於混 合自動重傳(H-ARQ)方案。在11-八1^之情況下,將每一編 碼封包分成多個(Nbl)子區塊’且每一次傳輸一子區塊用於 編碼封包。由於經由反向鏈路而接收用於一特定編碼封包 161687.doc -33· 201220740 的每一子區塊,因此伺服基地台試圖基於到此為止所接收 到之用於該封包的所有子區塊來解碼並恢復該封包。因為 子區塊包含當已接收SNR較低時有助於解碼但當已接收 SNR較高時不需要的冗餘資訊,所以伺服基地台能夠基於 一部分傳輸而恢復該封包。若將封包正確解碼,則伺服基 地台傳輸一確認(ACK),且終端機一接收到該ack便提前 終止封包之傳輸。 在H-ARQ之情況下,可在可變量之時間中傳輸每一編碼 封包直至將其正確解碼為止。基於封包誤差率(pER)而調 節用於資料通道之已接收SNR的習知功率控制機製將用於
資料通道之傳輸功率減小至較低等級,以便達成目標pER 且為每一編碼封包傳輸所有ΝΜ個子區塊。此可大大減小 系統產出率。本文所描述之技術允許使用較高傳輸功率位 準,即使在由H-ARQ所支持之可變持續時間傳輸的情況下 亦是如此。 圖7展示終端機ι20χ、伺服基地台11〇χ及相鄰基地台 110a之-實施例的-方塊圓。在反向鍵路上,於終端機 120x處,一 TX資料處理器71〇處理(例如編碼、交錯及調 變)反向鏈路(RL)訊務資料且向訊務資料提供調變符號。 τχ資料處理器710亦處理來自—控制器72〇之控制資料(例 如通道品質指示符)且向控制資料提供調變符號。一調變 器(MOD)712處理用於訊務資料及控帝】資料之調變符號及 刖導符號,且提供一序列之複值碼片(c〇mplex valued chip)。由TX資料處理器71〇及調變器712執行之處理視系 161687.doc •34· 201220740 統而定。若系統使用OFDM,則調變器712執行〇FDm調 變。一傳輸器單元(TMTR)714調節(例如變換至類比、放 大、濾波及增頻變換)該序列之碼片且產生一反向鏈路訊 號,該訊號經由一雙工器(D)716而投送且經由一天線718 而傳輸。 在伺服基地台110X處,來自終端機12〇χ之反向鏈路訊號 由一天線752χ接收、經由一雙工器754χ而投送且被提供至 一接收器單元(RCVR)756x。接收器單元756χ調節(例如, 濾波、放大及降頻變換)已接收訊號且進一步使已調節訊 號數位化,以獲得一資料樣本流。一解調變器 (DEMOD)758χ處理資料樣本以獲得符號估算。然後—接收 (RX)資料處理器760χ處理(例如解交錯及解碼)符號估算以 獲得用於終端機120χ之解碼資料。Rx資料處理器76〇乂亦 執行抹除偵測且將用於功率控制的每一已接收碼字組之狀 態提供至一控制器770x。由解調變器758x&RX資料處理 器760x執行之處理分別補充由調變器712及丁又資料處理器 7 10所執行之處理。 可可類似於以上描述之對於反向鏈路傳輸之處理的方式 執行對於正向鏈路傳輸之處理。一般由系統指定對於正向 鏈路及反向鏈路上之傳輸的處理。 對於反向鏈路功率控制而言,於伺服基地台丨丨〇乂處,一 SNR估算器774x估算用於終端機12〇x之已接收SNR且將已 接收SNR提供至一 TpC指令(cmd)產生器776χ。產生器776χ 亦接收目標SNR且產生用於終端機12(^之TPC指令。Tpc 161687.doc -35- 201220740 指令由一 TX資料處理器782x及一調變器784x處理、由一 傳輸器單元786x調節、經由雙工器754x而投送,且經由天 線752x而傳輸至終端機120x。在相鄰基地台110a處,一干 擾估算器774a估算由該基地台觀測到之干擾且將已量測干 擾提供至一 OSI位元產生器776a。產生器776a亦接收標稱 干擾臨限值且產生用於基地台ll〇a之OSI位元。在系統中 處理OSI位元且將其廣播至終端機。產生器776a亦可產生 應急位元或某其它類型之干擾報告。 在終端機120x處,來自伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之正向 鏈路訊號由天線718接收。已接收訊號經由雙工器716而投 送、由一接收器單元740調節並加以數位化、且由一解調 變器742及一RX資料處理器744處理,以獲得已接收TPC指 令及已接收OSI位元。解調變器742内之一通道估算器估算 用於每一基地台之通道增益。一 TPC處理器724偵測已接 收TPC指令以獲得用於更新用於控制通道之傳輸功率的 TPC決策。如以上描述,TPC處理器724亦基於用於相鄰基 地台之已接收OSI位元、用於伺服基地台及相鄰基地台之 通道增益及用於資料通道及控制通道之傳輸功率而調節用 於資料通道之傳輸功率。TPC處理器724(或控制器720)可 實施圖3中之過程300或圖4中之過程400。TPC處理器724 提供用於控制通道及資料通道之傳輸功率調節。處理器 710及/或調變器712受到TPC處理器724的控制且調節用於 控制通道及資料通道之傳輸功率。 控制器720、770x及770a分別指導終端機120x以及基地 161687.doc -36- 201220740 台110x及110a内之各種處理單元的操作。此等控制器亦可 執行用於反向鏈路之功率控制的各種功能。舉例而言,控 制器720及770χ可分別對終端機12〇乂及基地台11〇χ實施圖$ 及圖6中展示之處理單元。記憶體單元722、772乂及772a分 別儲存用於控制器720、770x及770a之資料及程式碼。一 排程器780x將用於至/自伺服基地台丨丨以之資料傳輸的終 端機排程。 可由各種方法來實施本文描述之功率控制技術。舉例而 言,可在硬體、軟體或其一組合中實施此等技術。對於硬 體實施例而言,用於執行過濾控制之處理單元可實施於一 或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器 (DSP)、數位訊號處理設備(DSpD)、可程式化邏輯設備 (PLD)、現場可程式化閘極陣列(FpGA)、處理器、控制 益、微控制器、微處理器、經設計以執行本文所描述之功 能的其它電子單元或其一組合内。 對於軟體實施例而言,可使用執行本文所描述之功能的 模組(例如程序、功能,等等)來實施功率控制技術。軟體 程式碼可儲存於記憶體單元(例如圖7中之記憶體單元722) 中且由一處理器(例如控制器720)來執行。該記憶體單元可 /施於處理器内或處理器外,在該種情況下其可經由先前 技術中已知之各種方法以可通信方式耦接於處理器。 提供已揭不實施例之先前描述以賦能任一熟習此項技術 來製作或使用本發明。對此等實施例之各種修正對於熟 I此項技術者而言將顯而易見,且本文所定義之—般原理 161687.doc •37· 201220740 可應用於其它實施例而不會脫離本發明之精神及範疇。因 此,本發明並不限於本文所展示之實施例,而是將符合與 本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣泛範嘴。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示一無線多向近接通信系統; 圖2說明一時間-頻率平面上之跳頻; 圖3展示一用於以機率性方式調節傳輸功率的過程; 圖4展示一用於以判定性方式調節傳輸功率的過程; 圖5展示一用於一資料通道的功率控制機製; 圖6展示一用於一控制通道的功率控制機製;且 圖7展示一終端機、一伺服基地台,及一相鄰基地台。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 102 104 110x 110a' 110m 120x 130 200 500 510 520 540 無線多向近接通信系統 地理區域 扇區 飼服基地台 相鄰基地台 終端機 系統控制器 時間-頻率平面 功率控制機製 參考循環 第二循環 反向鏈路 161687.doc -38- 201220740 542 TPC指令處理器 544 控制通道傳輸功率調節單元 552 OSI位元處理器 554 通道估算器 556 輸功率增量調節單元 558 資料通道傳輸功率計算單元 560 TX資料處理器/調變器 570 正向鍵路 600 功率控制機製 610 内循環 620 外循環 630 第三循環 642 SNR估算器 644 TPC指令產生器 652 量度計算單元 654 抹除偵測器 656 目標SNR調節單元 662 解碼器 664 抹除臨限值調節單元 710 傳輸資料處理器 712 調變器 714 傳輸單元 716 雙工器 718 天線 161687.doc -39· 201220740 720 控制器 722 記憶體單元 724 TPC處理器 740 接收器單元 742 解調變器 744 接收資料處理器 752x、 752a 天線 754x、 754a 雙工器 756x、 756a 接收器單元 758x、 758a 解調變器 760x、 760a 接收資料處理器 770x ' 770a 控制器 772x、 772a 記憶體單元 774x SNR估算器 774a 干擾估算器 776x TPC指令產生器 776a OSI位元產生器 780x 排程器 782x、 782a 傳輸資料處理器 784x、 784a 調變器 786x、 786a 傳輸器單元 -40- 161687.doc
Claims (1)
- 201220740 七、申請專利範園: 1. 録-無線通㈣統巾對_無線終端機執行功率控制 的方法,其包含: 二 調節用於一第一傳輸之傳輸功率,該第—傳輸由該終 端機在第-組至少-次頻帶上發送至經指定以接收該第 一傳輸的—舰基地台,其中調節用於該第-傳輸之該 傳輸功率以達成-用於該魏基地台處之該第—傳輸之 目標已接收訊號品質(SNR);及 ==於-第二傳輸的傳輸功率,該第二傳輸由該終 端機在第二組至少—次頻帶上發送至該飼服基地台,其 中基於用於該第一傳輸之該傳輸功率及—傳輸功率增量 而調節用於該第二傳輸之該傳輸功率。 1 之方法’其中該第-組及該第二組包括不同 3.如請求項2之彳法,纟中該第 第二組至少一次頻帶。 - 人頻帶等於該 4·如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含: 擾基地Γ每一者獲得由該基地台觀測到之干 二不中基於為該至少-基地台所獲得之至 /曰不而㈣用於該第二傳輸的該傳輸功率。 161687.doc 1 之方法’其中基於一用於該至少-基地台之 位準允通道增益、一用於該第一傳輸之當前傳輸功率 之最大傳Γ傳輸功料量之—_、—心該終端機 輸功率、一峰值至平均值補償因?或其一組 201220740 合’而進一步調節用於該第二傳輸之該傳輸功率。 6. 如請求们之方法,其中該第-傳輸係用於在一控制通 道上所發送之訊號傳輸,且其_該第二傳輸係用於在一 資料通道上所發送之資料。 7. 如請求们之方法,其中以不同速率調節用於該第一傳 輸的該傳輸功率及用於該第二傳輸的該傳輪功率。 8· 一種在-無線通信系統中對—無線終端機執行功率控制 的方法,其包含: 應於用於-舰基地台處之_第__傳㈣ 獲得 本1寻褕的一 =已接收訊號品質(SNR)之參考功率位準,該飼服基 地〇經指定以自該終端機接收該第一傳輸; 基於該參考功率位準及一傳輸功率增量而設定用於一 雜端機至該飼服基地台之第二傳輪的傳輸功率;及 基於至少一參數而調節該傳輸功率增量。 9.如請求項8之方法’其中該至少一參數包括一由[|、一 基地台之每一者觀測到之干擾的指示 基地台之每一者之通道增益、一用於該第== 傳輸功率位準、允許之傳輸功率增量之-範用备二 該終端機之最大傳輸功率、一峰值至平均值二:於 其一組合。 丁 ]值補作因子或 161687.doc
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