TW201636340A - 化合物 - Google Patents
化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201636340A TW201636340A TW104142896A TW104142896A TW201636340A TW 201636340 A TW201636340 A TW 201636340A TW 104142896 A TW104142896 A TW 104142896A TW 104142896 A TW104142896 A TW 104142896A TW 201636340 A TW201636340 A TW 201636340A
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- formula
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- dichloropyridin
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明係有關一種具有藥理活性之式(I)化合物或其互變異構物、其製法、醫藥組成物及其於治療某些寄生性原蟲感染(如:瘧疾,特定言之惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)感染)上之用途。
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(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮
Description
本發明係有關一種具有藥理活性之新穎硫三唑化合物、其製法、醫藥組成物及其於治療某些寄生性原蟲感染上之用途,例如瘧疾,特定言之惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)感染。
寄生性原蟲感染為造成各種不同醫學與獸醫學疾病之重要原因,包括人類之瘧疾及鳥類、魚類與哺乳動物之各種不同球蟲病。許多該等疾病會威脅宿主生命,造成畜牧業重大經濟損失,如:感染艾美球蟲(Eimeria)、泰勒原蟲(Theileria)、巴倍蟲(Babesia)、隱孢子蟲(Cryptosporidium)、弓漿蟲(Toxoplasma)(如:布氏弓漿蟲(Toxoplasma brucei)、非洲睡眠病與克式弓漿蟲(Toxoplasma cruzi)、查加斯病(Chagas disease))與瘧原蟲(Plasmodium)(如:惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum))、與鞭毛蟲(Mastigophora),如:利什曼原蟲(Leishmania)(如:杜氏利什曼原蟲(Leishmania donovani))等菌造成之疾病。另一種逐漸受到重視之寄生性生物體為卡氏肺囊蟲(Pneumocytis carinii),其可能造成免疫缺乏症或免疫減退宿主(包括彼等感染HIV者)之致命性肺炎。
瘧疾為一種源於蚊子之人類疾病,其可能由5種瘧原蟲寄生蟲引起,其中以惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)最具毒性。2013年,估計全世界有1億2800萬人感染瘧疾,且瘧疾造成約584,000人死亡(其中90%在撒哈拉沙漠以南),以幼童與孕婦為最危險族群。2013年,瘧疾造成約437,000位5歲以下幼童死亡
(WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.(2014).World malaria report.Geneva,Switzerland,World Health Organization)。
對傳統治療法之抗性及對當前治療選項(基於青蒿素之組合療法)出現之抗性顯示極需要具有新穎作用機轉之新治療劑(WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.Joint assessment of the response to artemisinin resistance in the greater Mekong sub-region.2011年11月-2012年2月。夏季報告)。2010年,GSK詳細列出超過13,500種已在表型篩選法中顯示可以抑制惡性瘧原蟲生長之化學化合物(Gamo,F.J.等人(2010)Thousands of chemical starting points for antimalarial lead identification.Nature 465,305-310)。此等化合物之分子結構與說明已可從名稱為TCAMS(Tres Cantos Antimalarial set)之資料庫公開取得(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chemblntd)。
TCAMS化合物集合庫中一種化合物為TCMDC-125114(化合物524404ChEMBL資料庫):
另一種方法已採用電腦協助之藥物設計。Shah等人(Journal of Chemical Modelling(2012),52(3),696-710)說明化合物32作為其試驗之一部份。
已發現化合物32在其分析法中無活性(參見Shah等人文獻中p698最後一段-「例如:缺乏R2取代基之化合物(27-34)或具有較短R2取代基之化合物(35-38)無活性”,及上述文獻之p699之表2)。R2取代基在化合物32上之位置已出示如下(有關1,2,4-三唑系列化合物之一般結構可參見Shah等人文獻之圖2)。
具有類似CHEMBL524404與化合物32之結構之四種化學化合物集合庫亦已經公開,但沒有已知活性。其中3種可得自Vitas M Laboratory(網址:http://www.vitasmlab.com),第4種可得自Enamine(網址:http://www.enamine.net)。
本發明係有關一種用於某些寄生性感染(如:瘧疾,特定言之惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)感染)之化療法之新穎硫三唑化合物、其製法與包含此等化合物之醫藥組成物。
圖1為式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜。
圖2為式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜。
圖3為式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜。
本發明提供一種式(I)化合物:
(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其鹽。
本發明亦包括醫藥上可接受之鹽。本發明某些具體實施例中,式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽可能基於其賦與該分子較高安定性或溶解性而促進調配成劑型,因此優於其各游離鹼。因此,本發明亦涵括式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。本文所採用術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指該鹽保留該化合物之所需生物活性並具有最低不需要之毒性效應。有關合適鹽類概述可參見Berge等人J.Pharm.Sci.,1977,66,1-19。術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」包括任何醫藥上可接受之酸或鹼加成鹽。此等醫藥上可接受之鹽可能於化合物之最終單離與純化期間,於原位製備,或另外由已純化之化合物分別與合適鹼或酸反應。該鹽類可從溶液中沉澱析出,並過濾收集,或可蒸發溶劑後回收。
因此,根據另一態樣,本發明提供一種式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽類。
式(I)化合物包含鹼性官能基,因此可能使用合適酸處理,而形成醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽。醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽之形成法可由式(I)化合物與合適強
無機酸或有機酸(如:氫溴酸、鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、過氯酸、對對甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、2-羥基乙磺酸、萘磺酸(例如:2-萘磺酸),可視需要於合適溶劑如:有機溶劑中反應,所形成之鹽通常例如:採用結晶與過濾法單離。醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽類包括氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽、過氯酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、2-羥基乙磺酸鹽、或萘磺酸鹽(例如:2-萘磺酸鹽)等鹽類。一項具體實施例中,式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽為強酸之鹽,例如:氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽、過氯酸鹽、磷酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽或甲磺酸鹽。
式(I)化合物之合適之醫藥上可接受之鹽包括與適當鹼之單-或二鹼價鹽。醫藥上可接受之鹼加成鹽之形成法可由式(I)化合物與合適無機或有機鹼反應形成。醫藥上可接受之鹼加成鹽包括鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂、銨、N-甲基葡糖胺、銨與膽鹼之鹽類。
本發明範圍內包括式(I)化合物之所有可能之化學計量與非化學計量鹽型。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可能呈固體或液體,二者均包括在本發明內。呈固態之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可能呈非晶型物質或呈結晶型、或呈其混合物。咸了解,式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物係在結晶期間讓溶劑分子進入晶格中而形成。溶劑合物可能涉及非水性溶劑,如:乙醇、異丙醇、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、乙酸、乙醇胺、與乙酸乙酯,或其等可能涉及以水作為進入晶格中之溶劑。溶劑合物中以水為進入晶格中之溶劑時,通常稱為「水合物」。
式(I)化合物之鹽類製法為由適當化學計量之游離鹼/酸與適當酸/鹼於合適溶劑中接觸。式(I)化合物之游離鹼/酸可例如:呈溶液,而所添加之適當酸/鹼可呈固體,或式(I)化合物之游離鹼/酸與適當酸/鹼二者可分別獨立呈溶液。
適合溶解式(I)化合物游離鹼/酸之溶劑包括例如:醇類,如:異丙醇;酮類,如:丙酮;乙腈或甲苯。若鹼係呈含於溶劑中之溶液添加時,所使用之溶劑可包括丙酮、甲醇、或水。
式(I)化合物之鹽類可採用習知方式,從上述得到之溶液中呈固體單離出來。例如:非結晶鹽之製法可從溶液中沉澱、由溶液噴霧乾燥或冷凍乾燥、由溶液蒸發成玻璃狀物、或由油狀物真空乾燥、或由游離鹼與該酸反應得到之熔融物固化。式(I)化合物亦可由藥物物質於聚合物基質(如:羥丙基甲基纖維素乙酸酯琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS))中,採用如:噴霧乾燥勻散法(SDD)製成非晶型分子勻散液。
式(I)化合物之鹽類可從對鹽之溶解度有限之溶劑中直接結晶製成,或由非結晶鹽進行磨製或結晶。例如:可使用有機溶劑,如:丙酮、乙腈、丁酮、1-丁醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、或四氫呋喃,或此等溶劑之混合物。可藉由蒸發部份或所有溶劑,或在加溫下結晶後控制冷卻(例如:分段冷卻)來改良鹽之產量。可以小心控制沉澱溫度及接晶種來改良該製程之再現性及產物之粒子大小分佈與形狀。
適用於醫學之式(I)化合物之鹽類與溶劑合物為其抗衡離子或結合溶劑為醫藥上可接受者。然而,具有非醫藥上可接受之抗衡離子或結合溶劑之鹽類與溶劑合物亦屬於本發明範圍內,例如:用為製備式(I)化合物或其鹽、其溶劑合物及其等之醫藥上可接受之鹽與溶劑合物之中間物。
熟悉此相關技術者咸了解,在最終脫除保護階段之前製得之某些受保護之式(I)化合物之衍生物本身不一定具有藥理活性,但在某些例子中,可能在經口或非經腸式投藥後,於體內代謝形成第一態樣所定義之具有藥理活性之化合物。因此此等衍生物稱為「前藥」。第一態樣所定義化合物之所有受保護之衍生物與前藥均包括在本發明範圍內。本發明化合物之合適前藥實例說明於:Drugs of Today,第19冊,編號9,1983,pp 499-538、與Topics in Chemistry,第31章,
pp 306-316、與H.Bundgaard之“Design of Prodrugs”,Elsevier,1985,第1章(其等揭示內容已以引用之方式併入本文中)。熟悉此相關技術者亦咸了解,當式(I)化合物上出現適當官能基時,彼等熟悉此相關技術者已知為「前部份基團」之某些部份基團,例如,如:Bundgaard於“Design of Prodrugs”中所說明(其揭示內容已以引用之方式併入本文中)者均可置於此等官能基上。式(I)化合物或其鹽或溶劑合物之合適前藥包括:醯胺類、胺甲酸酯類、偶氮化合物、磷醯胺類、糖苷類。因此,本發明一項態樣中提供一種式(I)化合物之前藥。
如上述,式(I)化合物可呈其游離鹼型或式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物、或前藥,其等當投與接受者時可以(直接或間接)提供式(I)化合物、或其活性代謝物或殘基。熟悉此相關技術者不需要過度實驗即可判別此等醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物與前藥。儘管如此,仍可參考Burger於Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery,第5版,第一冊:Principles and Practice中之教示,教示此等衍生物之內容已以引用之方式併入本文中。
此外,有些結晶型式(I)化合物或其鹽與溶劑合物可能呈一或多種多晶型,其等均包括在本發明內。
亦咸了解,式(I)化合物可能呈不同互變異構型。所有可能互變異構物均包括在本發明範圍內。在式(I)化合物之單一結晶結構分析中,發現互變異構型為:
(R)-2-((5-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫)-1-(2H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可用於治療某些寄生性感染,如:由瘧疾寄生蟲惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)、艾美球蟲(Eimeria)、卡氏肺囊蟲(Pneumocytis carinii)、克氏肺囊蟲(Trypanosoma cruzi)、布氏肺囊蟲(Trypanosoma brucei)或杜氏利什曼原蟲(Leishmania donovani)等寄生性原蟲感染。特定言之,式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可用於治療惡性瘧原蟲感染。因此,本發明係有關一種治療此等病症之方法。因此,提供一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,用於醫療。
本發明一項態樣提供一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,用於治療寄生性原蟲感染。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,用於治療瘧疾。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,用於治療惡性瘧原蟲感染。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種以式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製造治療寄生性原蟲感染之醫藥上之用途。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種以式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製造治療瘧疾之醫藥上用途。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種以式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製造治療惡性瘧原蟲感染之醫藥上之用途。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種治療罹患寄生性原蟲感染之人類或動物個體之方法,該方法包括對該人類或動物個體投與有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種治療罹患瘧疾之人類或動物個體之方法,該方法包括對該人類或動物個體投與有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明另一項態樣提供一種治療罹患惡性瘧原蟲之寄生性原蟲感染之人類或動物個體之方法,該方法包括該方法包括對該人類或動物個體投與有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明治療方法包括對有此需要之患者投與安全且有效量之根據式(I)化合物、與其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本文所採用「治療」意指:(I)緩和或預防所治療病症或所治療病症之一或多種生物症狀,(2)干擾(a)造成或負責所治療病症之連串生物反應中一個或多個點或(b)所治療病症之一或多種生物症狀,或(3)減輕與所治療病症相關之一或多種症候或效應。熟悉此相關技術者咸了解,「預防」並非絕對名詞。在醫學上,咸了解「預防」係指預防性投與藥物,以實質上消除病症或其生物症狀之可能性或嚴重性,或延緩此等病症或其生物症狀發作。
本文所採用「安全且有效量」意指該化合物之量在合理之醫學判斷下足以顯著誘發所治療病症之正向機轉,但低至足以避免嚴重作用(在合理之效益/風險比例下)。式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之安全且有效量將會隨所選用之特定化合物(例如:依該化合物之藥效、效力、與半衰期);所選用投藥途徑;所治療感染與/或病症之性質;所治療感染與/或病症之嚴重性;所治療患者之年齡、體型、體重、與身體條件;所治療患者之病史;治療時間期;併行療法之性質;所需醫療效果;與類似因素變化,但仍可由熟悉此相關技術者按照慣例決定。
本文所採用「患者」意指人類或其他動物。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可採用任何合適投藥途徑投藥,包括全身性投藥。全身性投藥包括經口投藥、非經腸式投藥、穿皮式投藥、經直腸投藥、與吸入投藥。非經腸式投藥意指經由除了腸部、穿皮或吸入以外之投藥途徑,通常採用注射或輸液投藥。非經腸式投藥包括經靜脈內、肌內、與皮下注射或輸液。吸入意指投藥至患者肺部,不論經口吸入或經鼻通道吸入。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可以一天僅投藥一次,或依據投藥療程投藥,其中可在指定時間期內,依不同時間間隔投與許多個劑量。例如:可以每天投藥1、2、3或4次。可以投與劑量直到達到所需醫療效果為止或無限期維持所需醫療效果為止。該等劑量亦會依據計畫治療之性質而異,其中「治療」係如上述定義,例如:可能需要比預防所治療病症時更高劑量之化合物來緩解疾病。本發明化合物之合適劑量療程依該化合物之藥物動力學性質而定,如:吸收、分佈與半衰期,其可由熟悉此相關技術者決定。此外,本發明化合物之合適劑量療程(包括投與此等療程之持續時間)將會隨該化合物之投藥途徑、所治療病症、所治療病症之嚴重性、所治療患者之年齡與身體條件、所治療患者之病史、任何併行療法之性質、所需醫療效果、與熟悉此相關技術者之知識與專業範圍內之類似因素變化。熟悉此相關技術者亦咸了解,可能需要依該特別患者隨劑量療程或隨時間之反應來調整針對個別患者之合適劑量療程。咸了解,若式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與一或多種下文進一步討論之其他活性醫療劑組合投藥時,本發明化合物之劑量療程亦可能依需要,隨該一或多種其他活性醫療劑之性質與用量而變化。
典型每日劑量可能隨所選用特定投藥途徑變化。經口投藥之典型每日劑量預計為約25至約1000mg/kg。
本發明化合物亦可與其他活性醫療劑組合使用。本發明因此在另一項態樣中提供一種包含式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與另一種活性醫療劑之組合。當式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與第二種具有針對相同疾病狀態之活性醫療劑組合使用時,各該化合物之劑量可能與其等單獨使用時之劑量不同。適當劑量係熟悉此相關技術者咸了解者。咸了解,治療時所需本發明化合物用量將會隨所治療病症之性質與患者之年齡與條件而異,最終將由參與之醫師或獸醫決定。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可以單獨使用或組合使用一或多種其他活性醫療劑,如:其他抗寄生性藥物,例如:抗瘧疾藥。
此等其他活性醫療劑包括抗瘧疾藥,如,例如:氯奎(chloroquine)、甲氟喹(mefloquine)、伯氨喹(primaquine)、息瘧定(pyrimethamine)、奎寧(quinine)、青蒿素(artemisinin)、鹵泛曲林(halofantrine)、四環黴素(doxycycline)、阿莫待喹(amodiaquine)、阿托喹酮(atovaquone)、提富樂喹(tafenoquine)、達普宋(dapsone)、氯胍(proguanil)、磺胺多辛(sulfadoxine)、氯胍三嗪(cycloguanil))與治瘧寧(fansidar)。
上述組合宜呈醫藥調配物型式使用,因此本發明另一態樣包括包含如上述定義之組合與醫藥上可接受之載劑與/或賦形劑之醫藥調配物。此等組合之個別組份可以呈分開或組合之醫療調配物,採用任何方便途徑,依序或同時投藥。
當依序投藥時,可先投與式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、或一或多種其他活性醫療劑(群)。當同時投藥時,該組合可呈相同或不同醫藥組成物投藥。當在同一個調配物中組合時,咸了解,式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、與一或多種其他活性醫療劑(群)必需可以安定且彼此相容並與調配物中其他組份相容。當分開調配物時,式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、與一或多種其他活性醫療劑可呈任何合宜之調配物,宜呈相關技藝上已知此等化合物之合宜方式。
組成物
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽通常(但不一定)先調配成醫藥組成物後,再投與患者。一項態樣中,本發明係有關一種包含式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之醫藥組成物。另一項態樣中,本發明係有關一種包含(a)式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與(b)一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑與/或賦形劑之醫藥組成物。另一項態樣中,本發明提供一種包含式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽
之醫藥組成物。再另一項態樣中,本發明提供一種包含(a)式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與(b)一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑之醫藥組成物。
載劑與/或賦形劑必需為「可接受」者之意義在於可與調配物中其他成份相容且不可對接受者有害。
本發明醫藥組成物可以製備及包裝成散裝型式,可自其中抽出安全且有效量之本發明化合物,然後投與患者,如:呈粉劑或糖漿。或者,本發明醫藥組成物可以製備及包裝成單位劑型,其中每個物理性獨立單位包括安全且有效量之本發明化合物。當製備成單位劑型時,本發明醫藥組成物通常包含約0.1至1000mg,其他態樣中為0.1mg至約500mg之本發明化合物。
本發明醫藥組成物通常包含一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。然而,某些具體實施例中,本發明醫藥組成物包含超過一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。例如:某些具體實施例中,本發明醫藥組成物包含兩種本發明化合物。此外,本發明醫藥組成物可視需要再包含一或多種其他活性醫療化合物。本發明醫藥組成物通常包含超過一種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。然而,某些具體實施例中,本發明醫藥組成物包含一種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。
式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、與醫藥上可接受之賦形劑或賦形劑群通常調配成適合採用所需投藥途徑投與患者之劑型。例如:彼等適合(1)經口投藥,如:錠劑、膠囊、膜衣錠、九劑、口含錠、粉劑、糖漿、酏劑、懸浮液、溶液、乳液、藥囊、與扁囊劑;(2)非經腸式投藥,如:無菌溶液、懸浮液、與供再組成之粉劑;(3)穿皮式投藥,如:穿皮式貼布;(4)經直腸投藥,如:栓劑;與(5)吸入劑,如:氣霧劑與溶液之劑型。
合適之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑將隨所選用之特定劑量變化。此外,可針對其在組成物中提供之特定功能選擇合適之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。例如:可依據其促進製造均一劑型之能力來選擇某些醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。可依據其促進製造安定劑型之能力來選擇某些某些醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。可依據其在一
旦投藥給患者後促進其帶著式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽從身體之一個器官或一部份轉運至另一個器官或另一部份之能力來選擇某些醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。可依據其加強患者適應性之能力來選擇某些醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。
合適之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑包括下列賦形劑型態:結合劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、助滑劑、造粒劑、包衣劑、濕化劑、溶劑、共溶劑、懸浮劑、乳化劑、甜味劑、調味劑、遮味劑、著色劑、抗結塊劑、保濕劑,螯合劑、增塑劑、增黏劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑、安定劑、表面活性劑、與緩衝劑。熟悉此相關技術者咸了解,某些醫藥上可接受之賦形劑可能提供超過一種功能,且可提供其他功能,端賴該賦形劑在調配物中之含量及調配物中所含何種其他成份而定。
熟悉此相關技術者具有相關技藝之知識與能力來選擇適合本發明使用之適量之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑。此外,熟悉此相關技術者可取得許多說明醫藥上可接受之賦形劑且可能適用於選擇合適之醫藥上可接受之賦形劑之資訊。其實例包括Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Company)、The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives(Gower Publishing Limited),與The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Pharmaceutical Press)。
本發明醫藥組成物係採用相關技藝上已知之技術與方法製備。有些相關技藝上常用之方法說明於Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Company)。
在一態樣中,本發明係有關一種包含安全且有效量之本發明化合物與載劑之固體或液體口服劑型,如:液體、錠劑、含錠或膠囊。該載劑可呈稀釋劑或填料型式。合適稀釋劑與填料通常包括乳糖、蔗糖、右旋糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇,澱粉(例如:玉米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、與預糊化澱粉)、纖維素與其衍生物(例如:微晶纖維素)、硫酸鈣、與二鹼價磷酸鈣。液體劑型通常由化合物或醫藥上可接受之衍生物含於液體載劑(例如:乙醇、橄欖油、甘油、葡萄糖(糖漿)或
水(例如:添加香料、懸浮劑或著色劑)中之懸浮液或溶液組成。若組成物呈錠劑或含錠型式時,任何常用於製備固體調配物之醫藥載劑均可使用。此等載劑實例包括硬脂酸鎂、石膏、滑石、明膠、阿拉伯膠、硬脂酸、澱粉、乳糖、與蔗糖。若組成物呈膠囊型式時,任何常用之囊封法均適用,例如:使用上述載劑或半固體,例如:癸酸之單-或二甘油酯,GelucireTM與LabrasolTM,或使用硬膠囊殼,例如:明膠。若組成物呈軟殼膠囊,例如:明膠時,可使用常用於製備勻散液或懸浮液之醫藥載劑,例如:水性膠質或油類,且可納入軟膠囊殼中。
口服固體劑型可進一步包含呈結合劑型式之賦形劑。合適結合劑包括澱粉(例如:玉米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、與預糊化澱粉)、明膠、阿拉伯膠、藻酸鈉、藻酸、黃耆膠、關華豆膠、聚維酮(povidone)、及纖維素與其衍生物(例如:微晶纖維素)。口服固體劑型可進一步包含呈崩解劑型式之賦形劑。合適崩解劑包括交聯聚維酮(crospovidone)、澱粉乙醇酸鈉、交聯羧甲基纖維素、與羧甲基纖維素鈉。口服固體劑型可進一步包含呈潤滑劑型式之賦形劑。合適潤滑劑包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、與滑石。
本發明進一步提供一種製備醫藥組成物之方法,該製法包括混合式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽或溶劑合物與醫藥上可接受之載劑與/或賦形劑。
口服投藥製劑宜調配成控制/延長釋放活性化合物。
製法
使用自商品取得之適當酸類與苯胺類形成醯基氯及形成醯胺之一般製程說明於文獻中(J.Chem.Res.2008(22),530-533)。
式(I)化合物可採用非對稱性(asymmetric)或非-非對稱性(non-asymmetric)途徑合成。
3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮(中間物2)之兩種合成法均可採用下列製程。
在非-非對稱性合成法中,2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮與3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮(中間物2)可先一起反應後,再進行對掌性分離式(I)化合物。
在非對稱性合成法中,可添加(2S)-2-氯丙醯氯至吲哚中,製成(S)-2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(中間物3),其再加至3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮(中間物2)中,製成式(I)化合物。
熟悉此相關技術者咸了解,式(I)化合物可採用類似上述彼等方法製備,或參考本文所提供實例中詳細說明之實驗製程製備。製備式(I)化合物之進一步詳細說明可參見實例。
在適當操作與保護下,可採用類似上述彼等方法製備式(I)化合物。在任何特例中,可能需要特定保護基團。合適保護基可參見(但不限於):彼等出現於T W Greene與P G M Wuts之第3版‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,1999),J Wiley and Sons中者。
實驗
縮寫
說明本發明時,化學元素係依據元素週期表指明。本文採用之縮寫與代號係依據熟悉化學相關技術者常用之此等縮寫與代號。本文採用之縮寫如下:
化合物製法
實例
下列實例說明本發明。此等實例並無意限制本發明範圍,反而係為熟悉此相關技術者提供製備及使用本發明化合物、組成物及方法之指南。雖然已說明本發明特定具體實施例,但熟悉此相關技術者咸了解,可以在不偏
離本發明精神及範圍下進行各種不同變化與修飾。
若材料可自商品取得時,將在化合物名稱後面括號內以字母說明。例如:製備中間物1時之草醯氯係購自ALDRICH,因此呈現「草醯氯(ALDRICH)」。
中間物1 2-(3,5-二氯異菸醯基)肼甲硫醯胺
i)在含3,5-二氯異菸酸(MANCHESTER,50g,260.42mmol)之DCM(500ml)懸浮液中添加草醯氯(ALDRICH,24.24ml,286.462mmol)與30滴N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)。於室溫下攪拌反應混合物3h。採用NHMe2之CH3CN溶液進行之UPLC顯示反應已完成。真空蒸發溶劑,產生所需產物之綠色固體(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-羰基氯),其未進行任何純化即用於下一個步驟。
ii)取含硫代胺基脲,99%(ALDRICH,23.735g,260.42mmol)與吡啶(21.02mL,260.42mmol)之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)(330mL)溶液冷卻至0℃(冰浴),於0℃下,利用導管滴加3,5-二氯吡啶-4-羰基氯之N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)(120mL)懸浮液。加熱反應至80℃ 3h。UPLC顯示反應已完成。於Genevac中減壓濃縮至乾,產生粗產物之黃色固體。此固體分3份倒至250ml冷水中。所得白色懸浮液離心,分離白色固體,於空氣流中乾燥,得到所需化合物2-(3,5-二氯異菸醯基)肼甲硫醯胺(69.93g,產量=84%,以UPLC與NMR測定純度=83%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:10.95(s,1 H),10.00(s,1H),8.86(m,1H),8.78(s,2 H),7.92(m,1H)[ES+MS]m/z 265(M+H)
中間物2 3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮
方法A
取含2-(3,5-二氯異菸醯基)肼甲硫醯胺(中間物1,135.48g,426.61mmol)之2L 1M NaOH水溶液之溶液於3.5L帕爾器(Parr)中,於110℃(T(設定值)=120℃,T(槽溫測定值)=110℃)加熱40小時。然後將溶液移至4L燒瓶中,使用水洗滌反應器,在0℃及攪拌下,使用200ml conc.HCl酸化。該水性懸浮液使用GeneVac旋轉脫水後,排出水溶液,產生47.71g 3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮之灰色固體(由UPLC與NMR測定純度=97%)。該產物未進一步純化即用於下一個步驟。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:14.11(s,1H).13.95(s,1H)8.91(s,2H).[ES+MS]m/z 247(M+)
方法B
取含2-(3,5-二氯異菸醯基)肼甲硫醯胺(中間物1,3.0g,11.32mmol)之1N氫氧化鈉(16.97ml,16.97mmol)懸浮液置於反應器中,密封,使用微波Synthos 3000裝置加熱至150℃ 60min。於0℃下小心添加6N HCl酸化反應混合物至中性pH後,減壓濃縮至四分之三。濾出固體,使用水與DCM洗滌,得到3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮之淺黃色固體(1.63g)。取母液減壓濃縮至四分之三,濾出新固體,使用水與DCM洗滌,再得到3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮之淺黃色固體(534mg)之黃色固體。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:14.20-14.02(br.s.,2H),8.97(s,2H).
中間物3 (S)-2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮
i)添加草醯氯(ALDRICH,3.57ml,42.2mmol)與DMF(ALDRICH,25滴)至含(2S)-2-氯丙酸(ALDRICH,4.17g.,89.6mmol.)之DCM(65ml)攪拌溶液中。於室溫下攪拌此溶液2小時。使用旋轉蒸發器稍微濃縮反應(P=350mmBar,T槽溫=28℃),產生含中間物((2S)-2-氯丙醯氯)之粗產物溶液,其未進一步純化即直接用於下一個步驟(步驟A)。
ii)在-10℃之含吲哚(ALDRICH,10.0g,85.3mmol)之DCM(65ml)溶液中,以10分鐘時間滴加二乙基氯化鋁溶液(1.8M甲苯溶液)(ALDRICH,29.4mmol,16.4ml),於相同溫度下再攪拌混合物5分鐘。溶液於-10℃下冷卻後,以15分鐘時間滴加含(2S)-2-氯丙醯氯(步驟i)之DCM溶液。攪拌反應混合物1.5h,此期間反應溫度慢慢回升至rt。於0℃下小心使用MeOH(釋出乙烷)與NaHCO3溶液中止反應。然後使用EtOAc萃取水相中之產物(使用300ml 3次)。所收集之有機相經Na2SO4脫水,於旋轉蒸發器上蒸發,產生17.2g(S)-2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(灰色固體,由UPLC測定94%純度),其未進一步純化即用於下一個步驟。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:11.00(s,1 H),8.5(d,1H),8.20(m,1H),7.51(m,1H),7.25(m,2H),5.57(q,1H),1.65(d,3H).[ES+MS]m/z 207(M+)
實例1 2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮
取3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-硫酮(中間物2,589mg,2.384mmol)懸浮於4mL 1N NaOH中後,於室溫下添加溶於15mL EtOH中之2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(SANTILABS,450mg,2.167mmol)。然後於80℃下加熱反應混合物3h。排除反應混合物中之乙醇,所得水溶液使用EtOAc萃取(2x10mL)。雖然在AcOEt中發現一部份產物,但大多數雜質已被EtOAc排除,目標產物主要留在水層,仍含少量雜質。然後再使用DCM(7mL)萃取水層。然後添加1N HCl酸化水溶液後,使用EtOAc(3 x 10mL)萃取。有機層經硫酸鈉脫水,過濾與濃縮,得到2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(730mg,81%)。
實例1之消旋混合物採用半製備性對掌性HPLC分離,得到實例2(參見方法C)。
實例2 (R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮
方法C
2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(實例1,600mg,1.43mmol)係採用半製備性對掌性HPLC分離(管柱Chiralpack IC 20x250nm,等濃度梯度庚烷:iPrOH 90:10,時間30mins.,波長254nm,流速
18mL/min),得到(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(第一個溶出之化合物)(e.e>99%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:14.81(s,1 H),12.19(s,1H),8.89(s,2H),8.49(d,1H),8.25-8.23(m,1H),7.56-7.54(m,1H),7.29(m 2H),5.37(q,1H),4.43(br.s.,1H),3.84(m,1H),1.70(d,3H)[ES+MS]m/z 418(M+H)(e.e>99%由VCD分析未知物之絕對組態證實)
方法D
在含(2S)-2-氯-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(中間物3,26.0g.,96.4mmol)之DMF(280mL)溶液中添加3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-4,5-二氫-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮(中間物2,26.7g.,91.8mmol)與K2CO3(ALDRICH,33.3g,241mmol)。於室溫下攪拌反應混合物1.5小時後,再添加3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-二氫-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮(中間物2,1.6g.,4.6mmol),再於室溫下攪拌混合物1.5小時。然後添加200mL水,使用120mL DCM萃取一些雜質。然後添加固體NaHCO3調整水溶液之pH至pH=7,使用EtOAc萃取水溶液中之產物(使用550mL萃取9次)。所收集之有機相經Na2SO4脫水後,於旋轉蒸發器上排除溶劑,產生之粗產物經快速層析法純化(Isolera,SNAP 1500g SiO2,溶離液=EtOAc之環己烷溶液,由30%至60%)。收集含產物之溶出液,於旋轉蒸發器上濃縮至80mL溶劑;形成白色固體,母液濃縮,產生10.2g(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(e.r=87/13)之黃色固體。
取9.7g(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(e.r=87/13)溶於室溫下含28mL iPrOH之燒瓶中。然後,燒瓶留置於5℃冰箱內一夜。然後排除有機溶液,固體使用10mL DCM洗滌,產生5.96g(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮(e.r=99/1)
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm:14.81(s,1 H),12.19(s,1H),8.89(s,2H),8.49(d,1H),8.25-8.23(m,1H),7.56-7.54(m,1H),7.29(m 2H),5.37(q,1H),4.43(br.s.,1H),3.84(m,1H),1.70(d,3H)[ES+MS]m/z 418(M+H)
實例3 (R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮
取類似實例1之方式製備之化合物(158.6mg)懸浮於乙腈(1ml),接種~5-10mg前一批化合物,置於室溫下攪拌。1小時後,添加MeCN(0.6ml)。數天後,傾析約1/3漿物至新的小瓶中(2號瓶)。添加水(2滴),小瓶置Thermix中進行溫度循環。一旦2號瓶中出現少量固體時,即傾析該溶液至另一個新瓶中(3號瓶),蓋上打了兩個小洞的蓋子,以便慢慢蒸發。一旦溶液蒸發成固體時,即利用雷曼光譜儀(Raman spectroscopy)分析,並發現符合第1型(參見實例4A)。
使用在150(2)K收集之三維X-射線繞射數據測定固體之結晶與分子結構。該試驗證實原子相關性、對掌性中心之絕對組態與出現之互變異構物。
結晶數據與精算總結:C18H13Cl2N5OS;M=418.29;無色條狀物;0.44 x 0.14 x 0.07mm;斜方晶系;空間群P212121(#19);a=7.07404(8)Å,b=15.02549(18)Å,c=16.9998(2)Å,α=β=γ=90°,V=1806.92(4)Å3;Z=4;D calc=1.538Mgm-3;λ=1.54178Å;θ max=66.87°;收集到之反射=12966;獨立反射=3200;R int =0.0300;覆蓋率=99.7%;限制性=0;參數=254;S=1.049;R 1[I>2σ(I)]=0.0217;wR 2(所有數據)=0.0553;絕對結構參數=-0.013(10);與最大差異峰與洞=0.196與-0.147eÅ-3。
實例4
PXRD、DSC與TGA之儀器與讀取內容
粉末X-射線繞射(PXRD)。PXRD繞射光譜係採用PANalytical X’Pert Pro繞射儀,以Si零背景晶片讀取。所有繞射光譜均採用Cu Kα(45kV/40mA)輻射,步長0.02° 2θ與X'celeratorTM RTMS(Real Time Multi-Strip)檢測器收集。使用鎳濾片減少不要的輻射,除非另有說明。入射光側之組態:固定發散狹縫(¼度),0.04rad索勒狹縫(soller slit)、反散射狹縫(¼度),與10mm光束掩膜。繞射光束側組態:固定發散狹縫(¼度)與0.04rad索勒狹縫。採用Highscore軟體決定波峰位置,各波峰位置之誤差幅度以2theta角度(2θ)表示,為約±0.1° 2θ。
示差掃描熱量計(DSC)。DSC係於加裝自動取樣器與低溫冷卻系統之TA儀器Q100示差掃描熱量計上,於40mL/min N2吹掃下進行。依15℃/min下,於鋁製捲盤(crimped Al pans)上讀取DSC溫度圖。
熱重量分析(TGA)。TGA溫度圖係採用TA儀器Q500熱重量分析儀,於40mL/min N2吹掃下,依15℃/min,於Pt或Al盤中取得。
實例4A 第1型式(I)化合物之特徵分析
固體型式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜示於圖1。
式(I)化合物之PXRD角度與晶格間距(d-spacing)特徵記錄於表1。
第1型之示差掃描熱量計與熱重量分析:
DSC加熱曲線顯示熔融物在196.26℃溫度開始吸熱。
TGA加熱曲線顯示直到約230℃之重量損失可以忽略。
實例4B 第2型式(I)化合物之特徵分析
固體型式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜示於圖2。
式(I)化合物之PXRD角度與晶格間距特徵示於表2。
第2型之示差掃描熱量計與熱重量分析:
DSC加熱曲線顯示熔融物在202.75℃溫度開始吸熱。
TGA加熱曲線顯示直到約220℃之重量損失可以忽略。
實例4C 第3型式(I)化合物之特徵分析
固體型式(I)化合物之PXRD圖譜示於圖3。
式(I)化合物之PXRD角度與晶格間距特徵示於表3。
第3型之示差掃描熱量計與熱重量分析:
DSC加熱曲線顯示熔融物在203.58℃溫度開始吸熱。
TGA加熱曲線顯示直到約220℃之重量損失可以忽略。
生物分析法
可採用數種生物分析法中之一種測試本發明化合物,以決定具有所指定醫藥效果時所需之化合物濃度。該分析法說明如下。
活體外效力
惡性瘧原蟲生長抑制分析法
採用[3H]次黃嘌呤吸收法,接種0.5%寄生蟲血(成環階段)與2%血容積比,進行三重覆試驗,測定感染惡性瘧原蟲之紅血球對化合物之敏感性。寄生蟲於RPMI 1640、25mM HEPES及補充5% Albumax下生長。培養盤於37℃、5% CO2、5% O2、90% N2中培養。培養24h後,添加[3H]次黃嘌呤,培養盤再培養24h。經過此期間後,培養盤於玻璃纖維濾片上,使用TOMTEC Cell harvester 96細胞收集器收集。濾片乾燥,於閃爍板上融化,採用Wallac Microbeta Trilux(Model
1450 LS-Perkin Elmer)定量已結合之放射活性。採用Grafit 5軟體(Grafit program;Erithacus Software,Horley,Surrey,United Kingdom)測定IC50。
結果
活體內效力
惡性瘧原蟲活體內效力分析法
採用惡性瘧原蟲小鼠模式,依據下列文獻說明測定抗瘧疾活體內效力:Jimenez-Díaz, M.B., Mulet, T., Viera, S., Gómez, V., Garuti, H., Ibañez, J., Alvarez-Doval, A., Shlutz, D.L., Martinez, A., Improved Murine Model Of Malaria Using Plasmodium falciparum (Competent Strains and Non-Myelodepleted NOD-scid IL2R_null Mice Engrafted with Human Erythrocytes) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 2009, 53 (10), 4533-4536
結果
於生物相關培養基中分析溶解度
化合物之平衡溶解度係於四種生物性相關液體:空腹態-(模擬腸液(FaSSIF)、進食態模擬腸液(FeSSIF)、模擬胃液(SGF)與磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水(PBS)中,於室溫4h下測定。
溶劑與緩衝液
採用HPLC級有機溶劑。使用超純水(Milli-Q級)。使用超純水製備緩衝液,並使用0.45μ尼龍濾片過濾。
I.製程
平衡溶解度測定法(假設其於所需溶劑中沒有化學安定性問題)。
a)稱取1mg固體化合物加至一個4mL玻璃瓶中,添加1mL新鮮製備之對應介質(SGF、FaSSIF、FeSSIF、或PBS)。所有此等樣本均製備二重覆。
b)樣本於室溫下攪拌(輥式混合器)4hr。若需要時,再添加一份固體化合物(0.1mg)以維持超量(飽和溶液)。
c)4小時後,樣本離心(10000rpm,10min.),取上清液移至HPLC瓶中,採用LC-MS分析(需要時先使用移動相稀釋)。
d)各樣本之最終溶液之pH係採用pH計(WTW pH330i與pH-電極Sentix 41)測定。
LC-MS分析法之定量分析
所有上清液均採用LC-MS分析。彼等樣本之定量法係相對於由1mg/mL DMSO(Aldrich cat.ref.:27685-5)儲液經過層析法所使用之移動相稀釋後得到之校正曲線進行。依據溶解度範圍,於定量法中採用U.V.(1μg/mL至100μg/mL)或MS(1μg/mL至1ng/mL)檢測器。
數據分析
所有LC-MS數據之分析均採用MassLynx 3.4軟體與Analyst 1.4.2.數據之統計與圖解分析法,使用Microsoft Excel進行。各化合物之濃度(μM)與溶解度(μg/ml)係採用來自樣本之波峰及彼等來自校正曲線之數據計算。
結果
Claims (13)
- 一種式(I)化合物,
(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其互變異構型。 - 如請求項1之式(I)化合物,其互變異構型係
(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮。 - 一種如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含(a)如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與(b)一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於醫療。
- 如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治 療寄生性原蟲感染。
- 一種如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製造治療寄生性原蟲感染之醫藥品的用途。
- 一種(a)如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與(b)至少一種抗瘧疾劑之組合。
- 一種如請求項1或2所定義之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製造醫藥品之用途,該醫藥品係用於治療罹患寄生性原蟲感染之人類或動物個體。
- 如請求項5所使用之化合物、如請求項6所使用之化合物、如請求項7所使用組合中使用之化合物、或如請求項8所使用之化合物,其中該寄生性原蟲感染為瘧疾。
- 如請求項5所使用之化合物、如請求項6所使用之化合物、如請求項7所使用組合中使用之化合物、或如請求項8所使用之化合物,其中該寄生性原蟲感染為惡性瘧原蟲(Plasmodium falciparum)。
- 一種混合物,其包含如請求項1所定義之式(I)化合物:(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其鹽、與其對映異構物(S)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其鹽。
- 一種混合物,其包含如請求項2所定義之式(IA)化合物:(R)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其鹽,與其對映異構物(S)-2-((3-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫)-1-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙-1-酮或其鹽。
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| EP (1) | EP3237400A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2017538776A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20170097051A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN107108572A (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR103219A1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2015371169A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR112017013545A2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2971668A1 (zh) |
| PE (1) | PE20171081A1 (zh) |
| PH (1) | PH12017501072A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2017126044A (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG11201704584RA (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW201636340A (zh) |
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| AU2020405068A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-07-07 | Stinginn Llc | Substituted 1,2, 4-triazoles and methods of use |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 EP EP15817827.7A patent/EP3237400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-21 CA CA2971668A patent/CA2971668A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-21 CN CN201580070247.3A patent/CN107108572A/zh active Pending
- 2015-12-21 TW TW104142896A patent/TW201636340A/zh unknown
- 2015-12-21 RU RU2017126044A patent/RU2017126044A/ru unknown
- 2015-12-21 WO PCT/EP2015/080730 patent/WO2016102431A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-12-21 SG SG11201704584RA patent/SG11201704584RA/en unknown
- 2015-12-21 US US15/537,637 patent/US20170368034A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-21 AR ARP150104227A patent/AR103219A1/es unknown
- 2015-12-21 AU AU2015371169A patent/AU2015371169A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-21 PE PE2017000989A patent/PE20171081A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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| PE20171081A1 (es) | 2017-08-03 |
| RU2017126044A (ru) | 2019-01-24 |
| AR103219A1 (es) | 2017-04-26 |
| PH12017501072A1 (en) | 2017-11-27 |
| CN107108572A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
| CA2971668A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| WO2016102431A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| US20170368034A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
| EP3237400A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| UY36469A (es) | 2016-06-30 |
| JP2017538776A (ja) | 2017-12-28 |
| AU2015371169A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| SG11201704584RA (en) | 2017-07-28 |
| BR112017013545A2 (pt) | 2018-03-06 |
| KR20170097051A (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
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